Cylindrical battery assembly double air duct heat dissipation structure

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of heat management, and discloses a double-air-duct heat dissipation structure of a cylindrical battery assembly, which comprises a battery box body, a plurality of cylindrical batteries and a heat dissipation assembly; the cylindrical batteries each comprise a shell and an electrical structure; the battery box body comprises a groove plate and a bottom plate, an air duct is formed between the groove plate and the bottom plate, the shells of the plurality of cylindrical batteries are arranged in the air duct, and the electrical structures of the cylindrical batteries are arranged above the groove plate; the heat dissipation assembly comprises a left heat dissipation assembly and a right heat dissipation assembly, and the left heat dissipation assembly and the right heat dissipation assembly are arranged on the two sides of the battery box body; in a left air exhaust mode, the left heat dissipation assembly exhausts air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation assembly blows air from the right side of the air duct; in a right air exhaust mode, the left heat dissipation assembly blows air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation assembly exhausts air from the right side of the air duct. The problems of uneven temperature distribution, low heat dissipation efficiency and electrical safety risks in the prior art heat dissipation technology are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management technology, and specifically to a dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and energy storage technologies, cylindrical lithium-ion batteries have been widely used due to their advantages such as high energy density, mature manufacturing process, long cycle life, and stable assembly structure. In particular, in recent years, large-size cylindrical batteries, represented by the 4680, have become a research hotspot in the industry, with a significant increase in single-cell capacity, which has placed more stringent requirements on battery thermal management systems.

[0003] In existing technologies, a significant amount of heat is generated inside the battery cell during charging and discharging. Since cylindrical batteries are typically integrated using a close-packed arrangement or filled with thermally conductive materials, the electrical connection structures (such as data acquisition lines and copper busbars) are often mixed with the battery body in the same space. Therefore, cooling is usually performed on the outside of the battery assembly, with traditional air-cooling methods employing a single-direction parallel flow channel design. This traditional structure has significant heat dissipation blind spots. The airflow continuously absorbs heat along its path, leading to a large temperature gradient within the battery pack. This not only affects battery consistency but can also cause localized overheating, resulting in battery performance degradation, a sharp drop in capacity, and even thermal runaway. Furthermore, a single intake and exhaust airflow pattern is insufficient to meet the dynamic heat dissipation requirements of batteries under different operating conditions (such as fast charging and high-temperature operation), making it impossible to achieve precise and uniform temperature control of the battery.

[0004] Therefore, optimizing the air duct structure of cylindrical battery modules and solving problems such as uneven temperature distribution, low heat dissipation efficiency, and electrical safety risks in existing heat dissipation technologies have become key technical challenges that urgently need to be addressed by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a dual-channel heat dissipation structure for cylindrical battery modules to solve problems such as uneven temperature distribution, low heat dissipation efficiency, and electrical safety risks in existing heat dissipation technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module, comprising a battery housing, a plurality of cylindrical batteries, and a heat dissipation component; each cylindrical battery includes a casing and an electrical structure; The battery housing includes a slot plate and a bottom plate, with an air duct formed between the slot plate and the bottom plate. The casings of several cylindrical batteries are placed inside the air duct, and the electrical structure of the cylindrical batteries is located above the slot plate. The heat dissipation assembly includes a left heat dissipation assembly and a right heat dissipation assembly, which are respectively located on both sides of the battery box. In the left exhaust mode, the left heat dissipation component exhausts air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation component blows air from the right side of the air duct. In right exhaust mode, the left heat dissipation component blows air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation component exhausts air from the right side of the air duct.

[0007] The beneficial effects of this plan are: 1. Unlike traditional air cooling that removes heat from the surface of the entire battery module, this solution uses built-in cooling fans to directly dissipate heat from the cell casing. Airflow is placed between the cylindrical cells, directly removing heat from between individual cells. This prevents localized overheating within the battery module, thus avoiding the risks of performance degradation, sudden capacity drops, and even thermal runaway.

[0008] 2. In the existing technology, the temperature gradient near the air outlet is relatively high. The battery cells at the far end of the air duct are prone to insufficient heat dissipation due to the increase in air temperature and the decrease in air velocity, forming a local high temperature zone. The temperature difference of the battery cells is difficult to control and thermal runaway is likely to occur.

[0009] This solution allows for switching between left and right exhaust modes, enabling cooling air to flow into the gaps between the battery modules from both sides. This flexible switching of the cooling airflow path allows the airflow to flow directionally along the gaps between the batteries, increasing the contact area between the batteries and the cooling air, adjusting the airflow direction, reducing airflow resistance, improving heat exchange efficiency, avoiding the problem of high-temperature heat accumulation at the far end of a single air duct, and keeping the temperature difference between the cells in the battery pack within a lower range.

[0010] 3. The channel plate physically isolates the air duct from the electrical components, further ensuring the performance and safety of the battery components, while also preventing the motor structure from obstructing the airflow and ensuring heat dissipation efficiency.

[0011] Furthermore, the battery housing also includes a top plate, and the space between the top plate and the slot plate is filled with potting compound, which covers the electrical structure.

[0012] Furthermore, several cylindrical batteries are arranged in several rows, with the cylindrical batteries in adjacent rows staggered. The distance between the cylindrical batteries in adjacent rows is greater than the distance between adjacent cylindrical batteries in the same row, and the airflow in the duct flows along the gap between the cylindrical batteries in adjacent rows.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat dissipation component includes a temperature sensor, which includes a left temperature sensor and a right temperature sensor. When the temperature measured by the left temperature sensor is greater than the temperature measured by the right temperature sensor and is greater than the design temperature difference, the left and right heat dissipation components enter the right exhaust mode. When the temperature measured by the right temperature sensor is greater than the temperature measured by the left temperature sensor and is greater than the design temperature difference, the left and right heat dissipation components enter the left exhaust mode.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat dissipation component includes a timer that sends switching signals to the left and right heat dissipation components at fixed time intervals. The switching signal is a command to switch between the right exhaust mode and the left exhaust mode.

[0015] Furthermore, both the left and right heat dissipation components include several horizontally arranged bidirectional fans; In left exhaust mode, both the left and right heat dissipation components blow air to the left; in right exhaust mode, both the left and right heat dissipation components blow air to the right.

[0016] Furthermore, both the left and right heat dissipation components include heat dissipation boxes, which are connected to the left or right side of the air duct. Several vertically arranged exhaust fans are provided on the upper side of the heat dissipation box, and all the exhaust fans blow air downwards. An active exhaust grille is provided on the lower side of the heat dissipation box. In left exhaust mode, the active exhaust grille of the left heat dissipation component opens, and the active exhaust grille of the right heat dissipation component closes. In right-side exhaust mode, the active exhaust grille of the left heat dissipation component is closed, while the active exhaust grille of the right heat dissipation component is open.

[0017] Furthermore, an exhaust channel is provided on the underside of the base plate, and a heat insulation plate is provided at the bottom of each cylindrical battery, with air holes opened on the heat insulation plate; When a cylindrical battery experiences extreme thermal runaway, the battery releases pressure from the bottom and emits fire. The fire is injected into the exhaust channel through the vent. The heat shield is used to thermally isolate the cylindrical battery adjacent to the one experiencing extreme thermal runaway.

[0018] This solution also has the following effects: 1. The existing air-cooling solution (CN105742752A) has a relatively complex structure, with multiple stages of heat exchange ducts, air collection ducts, and heat dissipation ducts connected in series, resulting in high airflow resistance. To improve energy density, a highly integrated layout with no zoned airflow design is adopted. This leads to mutual interference between the heat dissipation airflow of the two rows of battery modules, with the front row cells creating a "thermal shield" on the rear row cells, further exacerbating the uneven temperature distribution within the battery pack and affecting cell cycle life.

[0019] In this solution, the dual air duct adopts a dual-side open exhaust design, allowing hot air to be directly discharged from the battery pack through the open active exhaust grille, significantly shortening the heat exchange path and solving the problem of excessively rapid temperature rise of the internal circulating air. The dual heat dissipation components are linked with the temperature sensor, and by flexibly switching the working state of the exhaust port, the dual optimization of temperature control and energy efficiency is achieved. At the same time, the electrical components are independently isolated from the air-cooling channel, which can effectively prevent the electrical components from coming into contact with dust and moisture in the air during air cooling, solving the problems of pollution and insulation failure of the electrical system caused by air cooling.

[0020] 2. The existing air-cooling solution (CN223427566U) adopts a single-duct integrated air supply structure. The electrical area is not physically separated from the air duct and is not sealed or protected. During the air-cooling process, it is easy to come into direct contact with water vapor, salt spray and sand in the air, which can easily cause insulation failure. The air duct plate and the cell bracket are assembled by inserting and connecting the card slots and strips. The structure is redundant and the sealing is weak, which cannot meet the high integration and compact layout requirements of cylindrical batteries.

[0021] In this solution, thermally conductive potting compound is applied to the cell slot plate to completely encapsulate and isolate the electrical components such as the copper busbars. This makes the heat dissipation airflow independent of the electrical area, effectively preventing the electrical components from coming into direct contact with dust, moisture, salt spray, and sand during the air cooling process. This significantly improves insulation performance and environmental adaptability. At the same time, the integrated airflow layout eliminates unnecessary connectors, resulting in higher space utilization. It can be highly integrated with cylindrical cell modules, making assembly simpler and the structure more stable.

[0022] 3. Existing air-cooling solutions rely on passive heat conduction through heat sinks and thermal conductive layers, lacking active directional airflow. This results in long and slow heat transfer paths. Combined with a single-sided fan and side vents, the battery casing is not directly cooled; it remains an external fan-driven, indirect cooling system. This leads to low heat exchange efficiency, uneven airflow, and localized heat accumulation, failing to meet the high-power cooling requirements of cylindrical batteries. (CN220358193U) This solution uses a vertically positioned exhaust fan, which differs from the traditional external air intake and indirect heat conduction cooling mode. The battery pack adopts a dual air intake and dual controllable exhaust dual air duct structure to directly and efficiently cool the cell shell. The airflow path is short and the heat exchange speed is fast. With the switching exhaust, the temperature is balanced throughout the entire area, which is more suitable for the high power and high reliability heat dissipation requirements of cylindrical battery packs.

[0023] Specifically, by closing the active exhaust grille on the air intake side, the cold air from the air intake side flows directly to the exhaust side, while the exhaust fan on the exhaust side also exhausts the cold air into the active exhaust grille on the same side, thus creating negative pressure on the exhaust side. This negative pressure not only accelerates the gas flow rate in the air duct, but also allows the cold air from the exhaust side to quickly cool the cylindrical battery on the exhaust side. The two effects combined quickly remove the heat from the battery.

[0024] 4. In the past, when a cylindrical battery experienced extreme thermal runaway, pressure was released and flames erupted from the side of the cylindrical battery. In order to prevent the flames from affecting adjacent cylindrical batteries, fireproof and heat-insulating materials were usually placed between the cylindrical batteries to conduct the heat of the internal cells to the battery pack casing for indirect heat dissipation. This design primarily targets 4695 cylindrical batteries and is also suitable for batteries that emit flames from the bottom during thermal runaway-induced combustion or ejection, making it particularly suitable for weight-sensitive aircraft power systems. 46-series cylindrical cells, as a new generation of battery products, are widely used in high-power battery products due to their high energy density and excellent pack efficiency. Battery modules continuously generate heat during operation; if this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it can lead to increased cell temperature and even thermal runaway. Traditional air-cooling methods often employ a single air inlet and single exhaust channel design, which can easily result in heat accumulation in cells far from the air inlet, with significantly higher temperatures than cells near the air inlet. This affects subsequent charging efficiency and usage. Furthermore, temperature differences between cells can affect the battery pack's charge and discharge performance, reduce battery cycle life, and even lead to safety hazards such as thermal runaway.

[0025] Meanwhile, since the battery emits fire from the bottom, the smoke exhaust channel needs to be set below the battery, and fireproof and heat-insulating materials need to be installed at the bottom of the battery to prevent the flame from spreading and affecting adjacent batteries and causing a chain reaction. The bottom of the battery needs to be both fireproof and heat-insulating, as well as air-cooled for heat dissipation, which are contradictory and difficult to balance.

[0026] For example, the parallel air-cooled battery pack structure used in patent CN 109346799B to adapt to the 46-series large cylindrical battery has significant defects: weak pure air-cooling heat exchange capacity, passive eddy fan without active drive, and problems such as local high temperature; the power battery air-cooling module in patent CN107623153A is a traditional small-size cylindrical battery design, which has low air-cooling heat exchange efficiency when adapted to the 46-series large cylindrical battery, affecting heat dissipation and structural reliability.

[0027] Liquid cooling offers significantly better cooling than air cooling. However, it requires additional components such as a water pump, radiator, water-cooled plate, and coolant. While highly efficient, it adds considerable weight, making it unsuitable for weight-sensitive equipment like aircraft. This limits its application scenarios and increases costs. Furthermore, liquid cooling still exhibits a temperature gradient, with a higher gradient near the outlet, hindering the rapid switching of flow direction to ensure balanced heat dissipation.

[0028] In this solution, cooling airflow with variable direction is directly introduced into the gaps between the battery cells to directly dissipate heat from the cell casing. This method not only effectively improves heat dissipation efficiency but also shortens the airflow transmission path. Simultaneously, it solves the problem of excessively high cell temperatures on the side of the battery pack furthest from the air inlet, which affects continued charging and operational safety under traditional air-cooling methods.

[0029] Meanwhile, this design avoids the thermal insulation material at the bottom of the battery, dissipating heat from the side of the cylindrical battery. This approach is suitable for batteries that emit flames and have thermal insulation material at the bottom, while also ensuring effective heat dissipation. Otherwise, it would be difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the 4695 cylindrical battery, making its installation and use impossible.

[0030] This design incorporates vents in the heat insulation panel. This ensures that after the flame penetrates the bottom of the battery casing, it exits through these vents, limiting the flame's range and preventing lateral spread. The heat insulation panel then prevents the flame from backflowing into the air duct, thus protecting adjacent batteries. Furthermore, by eliminating the fireproof and heat-insulating material between the cylindrical batteries, obstruction within the air duct is reduced, allowing air to more easily carry away heat from the batteries.

[0031] 5. If the cylindrical batteries are aligned in a row, the airflow velocity drops sharply at narrower gaps due to the cylindrical shape, resulting in energy loss. At wider gaps, the airflow velocity decreases further, making it even more difficult to remove heat between the batteries. In this design, the cylindrical batteries in adjacent rows are staggered, causing airflow to bypass the batteries and remove more heat. Furthermore, the spacing between the batteries remains as constant as possible, thus maintaining a stable airflow velocity within the duct and preventing energy loss and velocity reduction. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of Example 1; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A 3D view of the area behind the hidden top panel; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of Example 1; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical battery; Figure 5 Temperature cloud map of battery cell during the initial heat dissipation stage of dual-airflow air cooling for the 46 series; Figure 6 Temperature cloud map of battery cell after switching between dual-channel air cooling and duct switching in thermal simulation for the 46 series; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional diagram of Example 2; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of Example 2. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method: The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: top plate 1, channel plate 2, bottom plate 3, shell 4, air duct 5, electrical structure 6, front side plate 7, heat sink box 8, heat insulation plate 9, active exhaust grille 10, bidirectional fan 11, and exhaust fan 12.

[0034] Example 1 Example 1 is basically as follows Figures 1-6 As shown: A dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module includes a battery housing, several cylindrical batteries arranged in an array, and symmetrically arranged heat dissipation components.

[0035] The battery housing comprises, from top to bottom, a top plate, a slotted plate, and a bottom plate arranged in parallel. The slotted plate has several slots, forming a sealed airflow channel between the slotted plate and the bottom plate to guide cooling airflow. Each cylindrical battery includes a casing and an electrical structure. The casings of several cylindrical batteries are disposed within this airflow channel, allowing direct heat exchange between the casings via airflow. The upper end of the cylindrical battery casing extends through a slot. The electrical structure of the cylindrical battery is connected to the upper end of the casing and positioned between the top plate and the slotted plate, forming an electrical channel filled with potting compound. This potting compound completely buries the electrical structure, achieving electrical isolation and shock-resistant fixation. The battery housing also includes a front side plate and a rear side plate, thereby sealing the front and rear sides of the airflow channel and electrical channel.

[0036] In the arrangement of the cylindrical cells, several casings are distributed in multiple rows. The cylindrical cells in adjacent rows are staggered, and the distance between adjacent rows is greater than the distance between adjacent cells in the same row. This layout allows the airflow in the air duct to preferentially flow longitudinally along the gaps between adjacent rows of cylindrical cells, effectively avoiding airflow dead zones and improving heat dissipation uniformity.

[0037] The heat dissipation assembly includes a temperature sensor, a left heat dissipation assembly, and a right heat dissipation assembly, which are symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the battery housing. Specifically, both the left and right heat dissipation assemblies include a heat dissipation box, which is connected to the left or right side of the air duct. Several vertically arranged exhaust fans are integrated on the upper side of the heat dissipation box, each fan responsible for dissipating heat from two rows of cylindrical batteries. The upper edge of the exhaust fan housing is welded to the edge of the top plate, and the lower edge of the exhaust fan housing is welded to the edge of the slot plate. The exhaust fan outlets face downwards. An active exhaust grille is provided on the lower side of the heat dissipation box to control the opening and closing of the airflow channel. The active exhaust grille is existing technology: it has several strip-shaped grille plates, which are rotated by a switch. When the grille plates rotate to a horizontal position, the active exhaust grille is closed, preventing gas from passing through; when the grille plates rotate to a vertical position, the active exhaust grille is opened, allowing gas to pass through. This creates two opposing "Z-shaped" airflow channels, enabling targeted heat dissipation for the cells on the left and right sides of the battery pack, balancing the temperature differences between cells, and improving the uniformity and effectiveness of air cooling for the 46-series cylindrical battery modules. The temperature sensors include a left temperature sensor and a right temperature sensor. The left and right temperature sensors are bolted to the left and right sides of the battery housing, respectively (not shown in the diagram). When the temperature measured by the left temperature sensor is greater than the temperature measured by the right temperature sensor and exceeds the design temperature difference, both the left and right heat dissipation components enter right exhaust mode. That is, the active exhaust grille of the left heat dissipation component closes, and the active exhaust grille of the right heat dissipation component opens. The left heat dissipation component blows air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation component exhausts air from the right side of the air duct. Conversely, when the temperature measured by the right temperature sensor is greater than the temperature measured by the left temperature sensor and exceeds the design temperature difference, both the left and right heat dissipation components enter left exhaust mode. That is, the active exhaust grille of the left heat dissipation component opens, and the active exhaust grille of the right heat dissipation component closes. The left heat dissipation component exhausts air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation component blows air from the right side of the air duct. Both the left and right temperature sensors are controlled by a controller, whose operating modes correspondingly include right exhaust mode and left exhaust mode. This is existing technology and will not be described further.

[0038] In terms of safety protection, an independent exhaust channel (not shown in the figure) is provided on the underside of the base plate. Each cylindrical battery is equipped with a heat insulation plate with vents at its bottom. In this embodiment, the heat insulation plate is a mica sheet, which is supported on the base plate. When a single cylindrical battery experiences extreme thermal runaway and ejects flames from the bottom due to pressure relief, it also penetrates the base plate. The high-temperature flames and gases are introduced into the exhaust channel through the vents on the heat insulation plate and are quickly discharged outside the casing. This heat insulation plate acts as a thermal barrier layer, effectively blocking the thermal runaway battery from heat radiation and conduction to adjacent batteries, preventing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0039] Cylindrical batteries, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 5 As shown, when using only the left exhaust mode, the temperature exhibits a gradient change from high on the left to low on the right; however, after switching between the left and right exhaust modes, as... Figure 6 As shown, the temperature distribution is more uniform.

[0040] Example 2 like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the difference between Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 1 is that both the left and right heat dissipation components include several horizontally arranged bidirectional fans; bidirectional fans are existing technology, and the airflow direction is changed by rotating forward and backward.

[0041] In left exhaust mode, both the left and right heat dissipation components blow air to the left; in right exhaust mode, both the left and right heat dissipation components blow air to the right.

[0042] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the heat dissipation component includes a timer, which sends a switching signal to the left heat dissipation component and the right heat dissipation component at fixed time intervals. The switching signal is a command to switch between the right exhaust mode and the left exhaust mode.

[0043] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module, characterized in that: It includes a battery housing, several cylindrical batteries, and a heat dissipation assembly; each cylindrical battery includes a casing and an electrical structure. The battery housing includes a slot plate and a bottom plate, with an air duct formed between the slot plate and the bottom plate. The casings of several cylindrical batteries are placed inside the air duct, and the electrical structure of the cylindrical batteries is located above the slot plate. The heat dissipation assembly includes a left heat dissipation assembly and a right heat dissipation assembly, which are respectively located on both sides of the battery box. In the left exhaust mode, the left heat dissipation component exhausts air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation component blows air from the right side of the air duct. In right exhaust mode, the left heat dissipation component blows air from the left side of the air duct, and the right heat dissipation component exhausts air from the right side of the air duct.

2. The dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery enclosure also includes a top plate, and the space between the top plate and the slot plate is filled with potting compound, which covers the electrical structure.

3. The dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several cylindrical batteries are arranged in several rows, with the cylindrical batteries in adjacent rows staggered. The distance between the cylindrical batteries in adjacent rows is greater than the distance between adjacent cylindrical batteries in the same row. The airflow in the duct flows along the gap between the cylindrical batteries in adjacent rows.

4. The dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation component includes temperature sensors, which include a left temperature sensor and a right temperature sensor; When the temperature measured by the left temperature sensor is greater than the temperature measured by the right temperature sensor and is greater than the design temperature difference, the left and right heat dissipation components enter the right exhaust mode. When the temperature measured by the right temperature sensor is greater than the temperature measured by the left temperature sensor and is greater than the design temperature difference, the left and right heat dissipation components enter the left exhaust mode.

5. The dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation assembly includes a timer that sends switching signals to the left and right heat dissipation assemblies at fixed time intervals. The switching signal is a command to switch between the right exhaust mode and the left exhaust mode.

6. The dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the left and right heat dissipation components include several horizontally arranged bidirectional fans; In left exhaust mode, both the left and right heat dissipation components blow air to the left; in right exhaust mode, both the left and right heat dissipation components blow air to the right.

7. The dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the left and right heat dissipation components include heat dissipation boxes, which are connected to the left or right side of the air duct. Several vertically arranged exhaust fans are provided on the upper side of the heat dissipation box, and all exhaust fans blow air downwards. An active exhaust grille is provided on the lower side of the heat dissipation box. In left exhaust mode, the active exhaust grille of the left heat dissipation component opens, and the active exhaust grille of the right heat dissipation component closes. In right-side exhaust mode, the active exhaust grille of the left heat dissipation component is closed, while the active exhaust grille of the right heat dissipation component is open.

8. The dual-channel heat dissipation structure for a cylindrical battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust channel is provided on the underside of the base plate, and a heat insulation plate is provided at the bottom of each cylindrical battery with vent holes. When a cylindrical battery experiences extreme thermal runaway, the battery releases pressure from the bottom and emits fire. The fire is injected into the exhaust channel through the vent. The heat shield is used to thermally isolate the cylindrical battery adjacent to the one experiencing extreme thermal runaway.

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