Grid flexible load resource step regulation method suitable for multiple scenarios

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power regulation technology, specifically to a tiered regulation method for flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios. The method includes: periodically monitoring key indicators characterizing the regional power grid's operating status; checking whether the current key indicators meet set target requirements; if the detection result is negative, then matching the current operating scenario of the regional power grid, calculating the required flexible load resource regulation amount and the load regulation potential of flexible load resources under various tiered regulation strategies; determining the regulation strategy and the corresponding flexible load regulation sequence based on the required flexible load resource regulation amount under the current operating scenario; and sequentially regulating various types of flexible load resources until the required flexible load resource regulation amount is reached. This achieves precise matching between the regulation strategy and the power grid's operating status, ensuring the reliability of the regulation process and the target achievement rate, and enhancing the system's robustness in dealing with uncertainties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power regulation technology, and in particular to a method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of new energy power generation represented by wind power and photovoltaics, and the widespread access of diversified flexible loads such as air conditioning load, electric vehicle charging load, industrial adjustable load and distributed energy storage to the power user side, the operating characteristics of modern power systems are becoming increasingly complex, and at the same time, they face multi-dimensional and differentiated control challenges.

[0003] Under extreme weather conditions such as high temperatures in summer, the peak load of the power grid continues to rise, highlighting the problem of insufficient main transformer capacity in transmission channels or substations in some areas, which poses a direct threat to the reliability of power supply. The intermittent and fluctuating output of new energy sources makes it difficult to absorb them during off-peak periods, and the phenomenon of wind and solar curtailment occurs from time to time, affecting the efficient utilization of clean energy. In addition, emergency situations such as sudden failures of power grid equipment require the system to have the emergency response capability to quickly reduce load in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid.

[0004] To address these challenges, exploring and utilizing the regulation potential of flexible load resources has become a current research hotspot and practical direction. However, existing technical solutions generally have the following limitations: First, the regulation strategies are often relatively simple and extensive, failing to fully consider the differentiated requirements of different operating scenarios such as grid fault emergency response, summer peak supply guarantee, and new energy consumption and valley filling for regulation objectives, and lacking a scenario-adaptive strategy switching mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to propose a tiered regulation method for flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios, aiming to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for tiered regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios, the method being as follows:

[0007] (1) Periodic monitoring of key indicators characterizing the regional power grid's operating status;

[0008] (2) Check whether the current key indicators meet the set target requirements. If the detection result is yes, return to step (1). If the detection result is no, execute step (3).

[0009] (3) Based on the key indicators matching the current operating scenario of the regional power grid, calculate the current required flexible load resource regulation amount;

[0010] (4) Calculate the load regulation potential of flexible load resources under each cascade regulation strategy, and determine the regulation strategy and the flexible load regulation sequence corresponding to the regulation strategy based on the amount of flexible load resources required under the current operating scenario.

[0011] (5) Based on the flexible load regulation sequence, various types of flexible load resources are regulated in sequence until the required amount of flexible load resources is reached.

[0012] Furthermore, key indicators include: the maximum load factor of the substation. Peak-valley load difference rate Load rate under N-1 fault of substation main transformer New energy consumption rate .

[0013] Furthermore, the process for obtaining key indicators is as follows:

[0014] Maximum load factor of substations in regional power grid ,in, This indicates the maximum load of the corresponding regional power grid during the current period. This indicates the rated capacity of the substation;

[0015] Peak-valley load difference rate ,in, This indicates the minimum load of the corresponding regional power grid within the current cycle;

[0016] Load rate under N-1 fault of substation main transformer ,in, This indicates the capacity of the substation's main transformer under an N-1 fault.

[0017] New energy consumption rate ,in, This represents the actual total power generation from new energy sources within the regional power grid. This indicates the total amount of renewable energy that can be generated in the regional power grid.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific method for matching regional power grid operation scenarios based on key indicators is as follows:

[0019] At the maximum load rate of the substation Or the peak-valley difference rate of load At that time, it was determined that the regional power grid was currently in a scenario where it could guarantee the power supply capacity for peak loads; the load rate under the N-1 fault of the main transformer in the substation. At that time, it was determined that the regional power grid was currently in a substation N-1 fault scenario; regarding the renewable energy absorption rate At that time, it was determined that the regional power grid was currently in a scenario of absorbing new energy.

[0020] Furthermore, if the regional power grid is currently in a scenario where it is ensuring power supply to peak loads, then the required flexible load regulation amount is calculated based on the load peak-to-valley difference rate and the substation load rate. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, This represents the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize the load peak-valley difference rate. This represents the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize the substation load rate, where the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize the load peak-valley difference rate is... The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0023] ;

[0024] Optimizing the amount of flexible load resources required for substation load factor control The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0025] .

[0026] Furthermore, if the regional power grid is currently in an N-1 fault scenario, the required flexible load resource regulation amount is calculated based on the maximum load when the substation's main transformer experiences an N-1 fault. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0027] ;

[0028] Furthermore, if the regional power grid is currently in an N-1 fault scenario, the amount of flexible load resource regulation required for renewable energy consumption should be set based on the renewable energy consumption situation. This results in the actual total power generation of new energy sources in the regional power grid. To reach the total power generation capacity of new energy sources in the regional power grid .

[0029] Furthermore, the tiered regulation strategy for flexible load resources includes: peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential. The flexible load regulation potential under the above tiered control strategies is expressed as follows:

[0030] ;

[0031] ;

[0032] ;

[0033] ;

[0034] ;

[0035] in, These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of flexible load resources, respectively; n represents the number of users in the regional power grid; k i This represents the energy storage discharge coefficient of the i-th user in the regional power grid, with a value range of 0-1; This represents the energy storage capacity of the i-th user within the regional power grid; These represent the industrial load, charging load, and air conditioning load power of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the industrial load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the charging load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the air conditioning load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively.

[0036] Furthermore, the specific control strategies corresponding to the required flexible load resource control amount under the current operating scenario are as follows:

[0037] If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario where it needs to ensure power supply to peak loads, and the required flexible load regulation is... If the current power grid is in a scenario where it is ensuring power supply to peak loads, and the required flexible load control is... If so, the control level is the second tier of peak shaving;

[0038] (2) If the regional power grid is currently in the N-1 fault scenario of the main transformer of the substation, the control level is the third level of peak shaving.

[0039] (3) If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario of new energy consumption, and the required flexible load resource regulation amount If the regulation level is the first level of valley filling, and the required flexible load resource regulation amount is... If so, the regulation level is the second tier of filling the valley.

[0040] Based on the key indicators of the regional power grid, three types of operation scenarios are identified: power supply guarantee, emergency response, and consumption promotion. Corresponding control strategies are matched for different operation scenarios, which realizes the precise matching between control strategies and power grid operation status, ensures the reliability of the control process and the target achievement rate, and enhances the system's robustness in dealing with uncertainties. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 A flowchart of a cascade regulation method for flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0044] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0045] This invention divides typical operating scenarios based on the real-time status of the power grid, and then matches differentiated control objectives, resource prioritization criteria, and tiered call logic to different scenarios, ultimately forming an adaptive control process from scenario identification, demand quantification, potential assessment, priority ranking to strategy execution and closed-loop verification. Figure 1 A flowchart of a cascaded regulation method for flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios, provided by an embodiment of the present invention, is shown. The method includes the following steps:

[0046] (1) Periodic monitoring of key indicators characterizing the regional power grid operation status, including: the maximum load factor of substations. Peak-valley load difference rate Load rate under N-1 fault of substation main transformer New energy consumption rate ;

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the minimum load and maximum load of the corresponding regional power grid type within the current period are periodically obtained. Based on the minimum load and maximum load of the corresponding regional power grid type within the current period, key indicators for characterizing the operating status of the regional power grid are calculated. The specific process for obtaining the key indicators is as follows:

[0048] (11) Maximum load factor of substations in regional power grid ,in, This indicates the maximum load of the corresponding regional power grid. This indicates the rated capacity of the substation;

[0049] (12) Peak-valley load difference rate ,in, , This indicates the minimum and maximum load of the corresponding power grid type within the current detection period;

[0050] (13) Load rate of main transformer under N-1 fault in substation ,in, This indicates the capacity of the substation's main transformer under an N-1 fault.

[0051] (14) New energy consumption rate ,in, This represents the actual total power generation from new energy sources within the regional power grid. This indicates the total amount of renewable energy that can be generated in the regional power grid.

[0052] (2) Check whether the current key indicators meet the set target requirements. If the detection result is yes, return to step (1). If the detection result is no, it is necessary to regulate the flexible load resources in the regional power grid, i.e., execute step (3).

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, at the maximum load rate of the substation Peak-valley load difference rate Load rate under N-1 fault of substation main transformer And the renewable energy consumption rate If the key indicators of the regional power grid meet the target requirements, then there is no need to regulate the flexible load resources in the regional power grid. Return to step (1). If the key indicators of the regional power grid do not meet the target requirements, then the operation scenario needs to be matched through step (3).

[0054] (3) Based on the key indicators matching the current operating scenario of the regional power grid, calculate the current required flexible load resource regulation amount;

[0055] In this embodiment of the invention, the operating scenarios of the regional power grid include: ensuring peak load power supply capacity, substation N-1 fault scenario, and renewable energy consumption scenario. The specific matching method for the current operating scenarios of the regional power grid is as follows:

[0056] At the maximum load rate of the substation Or the peak-valley difference rate of load When it is determined that the regional power grid is currently in a scenario where it is required to ensure the power supply capacity for peak loads, there is a risk of insufficient capacity in the regional power grid. It is necessary to optimize and regulate flexible load resources, reduce peak loads, and ensure power supply security.

[0057] Load rate under N-1 fault of main transformer in substation At that time, it was determined that the regional power grid was currently in a substation N-1 fault scenario, requiring emergency regulation of flexible load resources to quickly reduce the load, prevent the accident from escalating, and restore power grid stability;

[0058] In terms of new energy consumption rate When it is determined that the regional power grid is currently in a scenario of renewable energy consumption, the grid load is in a low period and the renewable energy consumption rate is insufficient, it is necessary to adjust flexible load resources to increase the low-peak load, improve equipment utilization and renewable energy consumption level.

[0059] If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario where it needs to ensure power supply to peak loads, then the required flexible load regulation amount is calculated based on the load peak-to-valley difference rate and the substation load rate. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0060] (1)

[0061] in, This represents the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize the load peak-valley difference rate. This represents the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize substation load rate and the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize load peak-valley difference rate. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0062] (2)

[0063] Optimizing the amount of flexible load resources required for substation load factor control The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0064] (3)

[0065] If the regional power grid is currently in an N-1 fault scenario, the required flexible load resource regulation amount is calculated based on the maximum load when the substation's main transformer experiences an N-1 fault. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0066] (4)

[0067] If the regional power grid is currently in a renewable energy consumption scenario, the flexible load resource regulation amount required for renewable energy consumption should be set based on the renewable energy consumption situation. This results in the actual total power generation of new energy sources in the regional power grid. To reach the total power generation capacity of new energy sources in the regional power grid .

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, the regional power grid may be in two or more operating scenarios at the same time. The operating scenarios are prioritized based on their importance, and the amount of flexible load resource regulation required by the highest priority operating scenario among the current multiple operating scenarios is taken as the final amount of flexible load resource regulation.

[0069] (4) Calculate the load regulation potential of flexible load resources under each tiered regulation strategy, determine the regulation strategy and the corresponding flexible load regulation sequence based on the required flexible load resource regulation amount under the current operating scenario, wherein the regulation strategy sets the regulation potential (regulation amount) of various types of flexible loads and determines

[0070] Based on the flexible load resources of each user in the regional power grid, such as energy storage capacity, industrial adjustable load, electric vehicle charging load, and air conditioning load, the flexible load regulation potential under each tiered regulation strategy is calculated. The tiered regulation strategies for flexible load resources include: first-tier peak shaving regulation potential, second-tier peak shaving regulation potential, third-tier peak shaving regulation potential, first-tier valley filling regulation potential, and second-tier valley filling regulation potential. The flexible load regulation potential under the above tiered control strategies is expressed as follows:

[0071] (5)

[0072] (6)

[0073] (7)

[0074] (8)

[0075] (9)

[0076] in, These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of flexible load resources, respectively; n represents the number of users in the regional power grid; k i This represents the energy storage discharge coefficient of the i-th user in the regional power grid, with a value range of 0-1; This represents the energy storage capacity of the i-th user within the regional power grid; These represent the industrial load, charging load, and air conditioning load power of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the industrial load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the charging load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the air conditioning load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the process for determining the control strategy based on the required flexible load resource control amount under the current operating scenario is as follows:

[0078] (41) If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario of ensuring the power supply capacity for peak loads, and the amount of flexible load regulation required under the scenario of ensuring the power supply capacity for peak loads. If the current power grid is in a scenario where it is ensuring the power supply capacity for peak loads, and the required flexible load control amount under the scenario of ensuring the power supply capacity for peak loads is... If so, the control level is the second tier of peak shaving.

[0079] (42) If the regional power grid is currently in the N-1 fault scenario of the main transformer of the substation, the control level is the third level of peak shaving.

[0080] (43) If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario of renewable energy consumption, and the amount of flexible load resource regulation required for renewable energy consumption is... If the regulation level is the first level of valley filling, and the regional power grid is currently in a scenario of renewable energy consumption, and the amount of flexible load resources required for renewable energy consumption is... If so, the regulation level is the second tier of filling the valley.

[0081] (44) If the regional power grid is currently in multiple operating scenarios at the same time, and the operating scenario includes the N-1 fault scenario of the main transformer of the substation, then the control level is the third level of peak shaving; if the current multiple operating scenarios do not include the N-1 fault scenario of the main transformer of the substation, then the control level is the second level of peak shaving.

[0082] (5) Based on the flexible load regulation sequence, various types of flexible load resources are regulated sequentially until the required amount of flexible load resources is reached;

[0083] In this embodiment of the invention, the flexible load resource regulation sequence under the scenario of ensuring power supply capacity for peak loads is set as follows: Since the core objective of ensuring power supply capacity for peak loads is to maximize the reduction of peak loads, the priority of the ranking criteria is set as: controllable load scale > ease of regulation > response speed. Applying this criterion, the specific flexible load resource regulation sequence is as follows: Peak shaving first tier: Industrial off-peak production loads > Electric vehicle slow charging piles > Public building central air conditioning loads > Public building distributed air conditioning loads > Residential distributed air conditioning loads. Peak shaving second tier: Industrial discrete production loads > Electric vehicle fast charging piles > Electric vehicle slow charging piles > Public building central air conditioning loads > Energy storage > Public building distributed air conditioning loads.

[0084] The sequence of flexible load resource control under the N-1 fault scenario of the substation main transformer—the core objective of the substation main transformer under the N-1 fault scenario is to achieve rapid load reduction to ensure system stability. The priority of the sorting criteria is set as follows: response speed > controllable load scale > ease of control. After applying this criterion, the specific flexible load control sequence is: peak shaving third tier: energy storage > electric vehicle fast charging piles > electric vehicle slow charging piles > central air conditioning load of public buildings > distributed air conditioning load of public buildings > distributed air conditioning load of residential buildings > industrial real-time controllable load.

[0085] The priority order for flexible load resource regulation in renewable energy consumption scenarios—Since the core objective in renewable energy consumption scenarios is to flexibly and economically boost off-peak loads, the priority criterion is set as follows: ease of regulation > controllable load scale > response speed. Applying this criterion, the specific load regulation order is: First tier for valley filling: Energy storage > Industrial off-peak production load > Electric vehicle slow charging piles > Electric vehicle fast charging piles. Second tier for valley filling: Energy storage > Industrial discrete production load > Electric vehicle fast charging piles > Electric vehicle slow charging piles.

[0086] The system collects actual power grid operation data for the region, including the minimum and maximum loads of the corresponding regional power grid type within the current period. It then calculates key indicators characterizing the regional power grid's operational status. If all key indicators meet the target requirements, then... , , and If the control process ends, the control process ends. If any key indicators fail to meet the target requirements, this result will be used as feedback to optimize and adjust the control strategy, expand the resource allocation scope of the current tier, or automatically start the next control tier according to the preset order, forming a closed-loop optimization mechanism until the control target is achieved or all available resources have been allocated.

[0087] The cascade regulation method for flexible load resources of the power grid applicable to multiple scenarios provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: (1) It identifies three types of operation scenarios: power supply guarantee, emergency response, and consumption promotion. It matches the corresponding regulation strategies for different operation scenarios, and realizes the accurate matching of regulation strategies with the power grid operation status; (2) It constructs a resource scientific sorting mechanism based on differentiated multi-criteria decision-making. It presets priorities such as "scale > convenience > speed" for different operation scenarios and generates a unique call order table specific to load type and cascade, realizing the optimization of resource scheduling; (3) It introduces a cascaded and serialized progressive regulation path, and prioritizes the use of flexible resources with the least impact on users. While ensuring the power grid objectives, it minimizes the interference with production, comfort and travel plans, and improves the precision of regulation and user acceptance; (4) It forms a complete management closed loop from demand calculation to effect verification. Through real-time indicator comparison and strategy feedback optimization, it ensures the reliability of the regulation process and the target achievement rate, enhances the robustness of the system in dealing with uncertainties, and provides a systematic methodological basis for the large-scale and efficient utilization of flexible power grid resources.

[0088] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the invention is limited to these examples; within the framework of the invention, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios, characterized in that, The method is as follows: (1) Periodic monitoring of key indicators characterizing the regional power grid's operating status; (2) Check whether the current key indicators meet the set target requirements. If the detection result is yes, return to step (1). If the detection result is no, execute step (3). (3) Based on the key indicators matching the current operating scenario of the regional power grid, calculate the current required flexible load resource regulation amount; (4) Calculate the load regulation potential of flexible load resources under each cascade regulation strategy, and determine the regulation strategy and the flexible load regulation sequence corresponding to the regulation strategy based on the amount of flexible load resources required under the current operating scenario. (5) Based on the flexible load regulation sequence, various types of flexible load resources are regulated in sequence until the required amount of flexible load resources is reached.

2. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Key indicators include: the maximum load factor of the substation. Peak-valley load difference rate Load rate under N-1 fault of substation main transformer New energy consumption rate .

3. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The key metrics acquisition process is as follows: Maximum load factor of substations in regional power grid ,in, This indicates the maximum load of the corresponding regional power grid during the current period. This indicates the rated capacity of the substation; Peak-valley load difference rate ,in, This indicates the minimum load of the corresponding regional power grid within the current cycle; Load rate under N-1 fault of substation main transformer ,in, This indicates the capacity of the substation's main transformer under an N-1 fault. New energy consumption rate ,in, This represents the actual total power generation from new energy sources within the regional power grid. This indicates the total amount of renewable energy that can be generated in the regional power grid.

4. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The specific method for matching regional power grid operation scenarios based on key indicators is as follows: At the maximum load rate of the substation Or the peak-valley difference rate of load At that time, it was determined that the regional power grid was currently in a scenario where it could guarantee the power supply capacity for peak loads; the load rate under the N-1 fault of the main transformer in the substation. At that time, it was determined that the regional power grid was currently in a substation N-1 fault scenario; regarding the renewable energy absorption rate At that time, it was determined that the regional power grid was currently in a scenario of absorbing new energy.

5. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 4, characterized in that, If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario where it needs to ensure power supply to peak loads, then the required flexible load regulation amount is calculated based on the load peak-to-valley difference rate and the substation load rate. The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； in, This represents the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize the load peak-valley difference rate. This represents the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize the substation load rate, where the amount of flexible load resource regulation required to optimize the load peak-valley difference rate is... The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； Optimizing the amount of flexible load resources required for substation load factor control The specific calculation formula is as follows: 。 6. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 4, characterized in that, If the regional power grid is currently in an N-1 fault scenario, the required flexible load resource regulation amount is calculated based on the maximum load when the substation's main transformer experiences an N-1 fault. The specific calculation formula is as follows: 。 7. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 4, characterized in that, If the regional power grid is currently in an N-1 fault scenario, the flexible load resource regulation amount required for renewable energy consumption should be set based on the renewable energy consumption situation. This results in the actual total power generation of new energy sources in the regional power grid. To reach the total power generation capacity of new energy sources in the regional power grid .

8. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The tiered regulation strategy for flexible load resources includes: peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential. The flexible load regulation potential under the above tiered control strategies is expressed as follows: ； ； ； ； ； in, These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of flexible load resources, respectively; n represents the number of users in the regional power grid; k i This represents the energy storage discharge coefficient of the i-th user in the regional power grid, with a value range of 0-1; This represents the energy storage capacity of the i-th user within the regional power grid; These represent the industrial load, charging load, and air conditioning load power of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the industrial load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the charging load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively. These represent the peak shaving first-tier regulation potential, peak shaving second-tier regulation potential, peak shaving third-tier regulation potential, valley filling first-tier regulation potential, and valley filling second-tier regulation potential of the air conditioning load of the i-th user in the regional power grid, respectively.

9. The method for cascade regulation of flexible load resources in power grids applicable to multiple scenarios as described in claim 8, characterized in that, If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario where it needs to ensure power supply to peak loads, and the required flexible load regulation is... If the current power grid is in a scenario where it is ensuring power supply to peak loads, and the required flexible load control is... If so, the control level is the second tier of peak shaving; If the regional power grid is currently experiencing a substation main transformer N-1 fault scenario, the control level is the third level of peak shaving. If the regional power grid is currently in a scenario of absorbing new energy sources, and the required flexible load resource regulation volume If the regulation level is the first level of valley filling, and the required flexible load resource regulation amount is... If so, the regulation level is the second tier of filling the valley.

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