Flame-retardant high-temperature-resistant cable material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of cables, and particularly discloses a flame-retardant high-temperature-resistant cable material and a preparation method thereof, and the flame-retardant high-temperature-resistant cable material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of polyvinyl chloride, 30-40 parts of a plasticizer, 3-3.5 parts of a stabilizer, 1-1.5 parts of a composite flame retardant, 0.5-0.8 parts of a high-temperature-resistant additive, 10-15 parts of a filler, 0.5-1 part of a lubricant and 0.1-0.2 parts of color powder; the composite flame retardant is prepared from quercetin and a high-efficiency flame-retardant component; and the high-temperature-resistant additive is a core-shell composite material with silane-modified SiO2 as the core and polyphosphazene as the shell. The cable material provided by the application has excellent flame-retardant performance and high-temperature-resistant performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of cable technology, and more specifically, to a flame-retardant high-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of power transmission and communication technologies, the performance requirements for cables are becoming increasingly stringent, especially in high-temperature environments and locations with high fire risks. Flame retardancy and high-temperature resistance have become key indicators for cables. Currently, most cable materials on the market are made of ordinary polymers, which have limited flame retardancy and high-temperature resistance, making it difficult to meet the demands of use in extreme environments.

[0003] Current researchers are improving the performance of cable materials by adding flame retardants and high-temperature resistant fillers. While halogenated flame retardants have good flame retardant effects, they pose environmental pollution problems. Inorganic flame retardants require large amounts to achieve the desired effect, but they reduce the mechanical properties of the material. The addition of high-temperature resistant fillers can easily lead to material embrittlement, affecting the service life of the cable. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, this application provides a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material and its preparation method.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which adopts the following technical solution: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-90 parts polyvinyl chloride, 30-40 parts plasticizer, 3-3.5 parts stabilizer, 1-1.5 parts composite flame retardant, 0.5-0.8 parts high temperature resistant additive, 10-15 parts filler, 0.5-1 part lubricant, and 0.1-0.2 parts colorant; The composite flame retardant is prepared by quercetin and a high-efficiency flame retardant component; the high-temperature resistant additive is a core-shell composite material composed of silane-modified SiO2 as the core and polyphosphononitrile as the shell.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, and through the synergistic combination of the matrix with plasticizers, stabilizers, composite flame retardants, and high-temperature additives, on the one hand, the plasticizers enhance the material's flexibility and processing fluidity, the fillers enhance hardness and dimensional stability, and the lubricants improve the melt flow state during processing and prevent melt fracture, thereby optimizing processing performance and mechanical properties. On the other hand, the stabilizers inhibit the thermal degradation of PVC, the high-temperature additives increase the material's heat distortion temperature and long-term service temperature, and the quercetin-based composite flame retardant, through the dual effects of condensed phase char formation and gas phase free radical capture, significantly improves the flame retardancy of the material and reduces the combustion smoke density at low addition levels, thereby significantly improving the flame retardant and high-temperature resistance performance of the cable material.

[0007] Optionally, the preparation method of the composite flame retardant includes the following steps: (1) Add magnesium hydroxide and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate to water, stir and hydrothermally react for 8-12 hours, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide, add magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide to ethanol solution and ultrasonically disperse to obtain LDHs suspension, wherein the mass ratio of magnesium hydroxide to aluminum nitrate nonahydrate is 1:4-6. (2) Mix quercetin, phytic acid and water to obtain a clear solution. Add titanium sulfate to the clear solution and stir. Then add LDH suspension dropwise. Heat to 80-90℃ and react for 8-10 hours. Filter, wash and dry to obtain a composite flame retardant. The mass ratio of quercetin, phytic acid and titanium sulfate is 3-5:3-5:4-7.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the hydrogen bonding and complexation reaction of phytic acid and titanium sulfate successfully introduces phosphorus and titanium ions to form a stable Ti-OP-Ti coordination structure. This structure endows the flame retardant with a dual flame retardant mechanism, namely, catalyzing the formation of a dense carbon layer in the condensed phase and catalyzing the formation of carbon by titanium ions to promote complete combustion.

[0009] Phytic acid in Ti 4+ Catalytic dehydration to char formation and quercetin oxidative polymerization together form a dense and continuous char layer. This physically isolates heat transfer and oxygen contact, inhibiting the release of combustible gases produced by polymer pyrolysis. The MgO and Al2O3 generated from the high-temperature decomposition of LDHs fill the pores of the char layer, further improving its high-temperature resistance and structural strength, preventing it from cracking under flame impact. Phosphorus-containing free radicals generated from the decomposition of phytic acid can capture active free radicals in the combustion reaction and inhibit the flame chain reaction. The water vapor released from the decomposition of LDHs can dilute the concentration of combustible gases and help reduce the flame intensity, thus playing a flame-retardant role.

[0010] Optionally, the preparation method of the high-temperature resistant additive includes the following steps: (1) Mix hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, phenol, anhydrous potassium carbonate and anhydrous ethanol, purge with nitrogen for protection, heat to 75-85℃, stir at constant temperature for 10-12h, filter to remove impurities, and obtain polyphosphazene ethanol solution. The mass ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, phenol, anhydrous potassium carbonate and anhydrous ethanol is 5-7:3-5:2.5-3.5:80-100. (2) Add silane-modified SiO2 to polyphosphazene ethanol solution, disperse by ultrasonication, heat to 60-70℃, distill under reduced pressure, wash, dry, grind and sieve to obtain high temperature resistant additive. The mass ratio of silane-modified SiO2 to polyphosphazene ethanol solution is 4-6:80-100.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, after silicon dioxide is modified with silane, the surface active groups can form chemical bonds with polyphosphazene molecules, avoiding core-shell separation at high temperature. Silica fills the molecular gaps in the polyphosphazene shell to form a rigid inorganic framework, which significantly increases the thermal decomposition temperature of the high-temperature resistant additive. At the same time, the polyphosphazene molecules contain high-density phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardant elements, which decompose during combustion to produce phosphorus-containing free radicals, which can capture active free radicals in the flame chain reaction and inhibit flame spread.

[0012] Optionally, the plasticizer includes one or more of dioctyl terephthalate, soybean oil, DOA, and chlorinated paraffin.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, plasticizer molecules can be inserted between polymer chains, reducing the van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds between chains, making the originally hard and brittle material soft, flexible, and easy to manufacture.

[0014] Optionally, the stabilizer includes one or both of calcium-zinc stabilizers and lead salt stabilizers.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solutions, the degradation of polymer materials under the influence of external factors such as heat, light, and oxygen can be inhibited or delayed, thus maintaining the stability of the material's processing and performance.

[0016] Optionally, the filler includes one or more of zinc borate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and kaolin.

[0017] Optionally, the lubricant includes one or more of stearic acid, PE wax, and CPE.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solutions, interfacial friction is reduced, and the processing fluidity of materials and the surface quality of products are improved.

[0019] Optionally, the pigment includes one or more of BBN Scarlet, 6B Brilliant Red, Phthalocyanine Blue, and Carbon Black.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solutions, the product can be given a specific color, while also improving the material's appearance and functionality.

[0021] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which adopts the following technical solution: A method for preparing a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material includes the following steps: S1. Mix polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer, stabilizer, composite flame retardant, high temperature resistant additive, filler, lubricant and color powder evenly to obtain a preliminary mixture; S2. The preliminary mixture is vulcanized at a temperature of 140-150℃ and a pressure of 7-8MPa for 30-40 minutes to obtain flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material.

[0022] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. This application preferably utilizes polyvinyl chloride matrix in synergistic combination with plasticizers, stabilizers, composite flame retardants, high-temperature additives and other auxiliary agents to achieve a balanced improvement in flame retardancy, high temperature resistance, mechanical properties and processing performance, without halogens, lead and other toxic substances, and meets environmental protection requirements.

[0023] 2. In this application, the bio-based material quercetin is preferably combined with a highly efficient flame retardant component to design and synthesize a quercetin-based flame retardant. This design not only meets the needs of sustainable development and utilizes the renewability and environmental friendliness of bio-based resources, but also provides an innovative approach for developing halogen-free, green and environmentally friendly flame retardants.

[0024] 3. In this application, the high-temperature resistant skeleton of silane-modified silica is preferably used to prepare a core-shell type high-temperature resistant additive with a polyphosphazene organic shell, which significantly improves the upper limit of high temperature resistance. At the same time, the core-shell structure optimizes the dispersion compatibility of the product in the substrate, and achieves a significant improvement in high-temperature resistance performance with a low addition amount. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following embodiments provide a further detailed description of this application. Preparation example of composite flame retardants

[0026] The raw materials were sourced from Xi'an Minglang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with product number 1254522; and phytic acid was sourced from Huangshan Shengfeng Technology Co., Ltd., with product number 1.

[0027] Preparation Example 1-1: (1) Add 1g magnesium hydroxide and 6g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate to 200mL of deionized water, place them on a magnetic stirrer, stir at 400rpm for 40min at 25℃, transfer them to a hydrothermal reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, seal the reactor and place it in a muffle furnace, heat it to 140℃, and react at a constant temperature for 12h. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, transfer the material in the reactor to a centrifuge tube, centrifuge at 10000rpm for 15min, wash it three times with deionized water and once with anhydrous ethanol, and dry it at 60℃ for 8h to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide. Weigh 5g of magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide and add it to 150mL of 75wt% ethanol solution, place it in an ultrasonic disperser, adjust the power to 300W and the frequency to 20KHz, and ultrasonically disperse it for 30min to obtain LDHs suspension. (2) Place 5g quercetin, 5g phytic acid and 200mL water on a magnetic stirrer and stir at 300rpm for 2h at 25℃ to obtain a clear solution. Add 7g titanium sulfate to the clear solution and stir at the same rate for 40min. Add LDH suspension dropwise, heat to 90℃ and react for 10h. Filter, wash three times with deionized water and dry at 60℃ for 8h to obtain a composite flame retardant.

[0028] Preparation Example 1-2: (1) Add 1g magnesium hydroxide and 5g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate to 200mL of deionized water, place them on a magnetic stirrer, stir at 400rpm for 35min at 25℃, transfer them to a hydrothermal reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, seal the reactor and place it in a muffle furnace, heat it to 130℃, and react at a constant temperature for 11h. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, transfer the material in the reactor to a centrifuge tube, centrifuge at 10000rpm for 15min, wash it three times with deionized water and once with anhydrous ethanol, and dry it at 60℃ for 8h to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide. Weigh 5g of magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide and add it to 150mL of 75wt% ethanol solution, place it in an ultrasonic disperser, adjust the power to 300W and the frequency to 20KHz, and ultrasonically disperse it for 30min to obtain LDHs suspension. (2) Place 4g of quercetin, 4g of phytic acid and 200mL of water on a magnetic stirrer and stir at 300rpm for 1.5h at 25℃ to obtain a clear solution. Add 6g of titanium sulfate to the clear solution and stir at a constant rate for 35min. Add LDH suspension dropwise, heat to 85℃ and react for 9h. Filter, wash three times with deionized water and dry at 60℃ for 8h to obtain a composite flame retardant.

[0029] Preparation Example 1-3: (1) Add 1g magnesium hydroxide and 4g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate to 200mL of deionized water, place them on a magnetic stirrer, stir at 400rpm for 30min at 25℃, transfer them to a hydrothermal reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner, seal the reactor and place it in a muffle furnace, heat it to 120℃, and react at a constant temperature for 8h. After the hydrothermal reaction is completed, transfer the material in the reactor to a centrifuge tube, centrifuge at 10000rpm for 15min, wash it three times with deionized water and once with anhydrous ethanol, and dry it at 60℃ for 8h to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide. Weigh 5g of magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide and add it to 150mL of 75wt% ethanol solution, place it in an ultrasonic disperser, adjust the power to 300W and the frequency to 20KHz, and ultrasonically disperse it for 30min to obtain LDHs suspension. (2) Place 3g quercetin, 3g phytic acid and 200mL water on a magnetic stirrer and stir at 300rpm for 1h at 25℃ to obtain a clear solution. Add 4g titanium sulfate to the clear solution and stir at the same rate for 30min. Add LDH suspension dropwise, heat to 80℃ and react for 8h. Filter, wash three times with deionized water and dry at 60℃ for 8h to obtain a composite flame retardant.

[0030] Preparation Example 1-4: The difference from Preparation Example 1-1 is that no LDH suspension was added. 5g of quercetin, 5g of phytic acid and 200mL of water were placed on a magnetic stirrer and stirred at 300rpm for 2h at 25℃ to obtain a clear solution. 7g of titanium sulfate was added to the clear solution and stirred at a constant rate for 40min. The LDH suspension was then added dropwise, the temperature was raised to 90℃, and the reaction was carried out for 10h. The mixture was filtered, washed three times with deionized water, and dried at 60℃ for 8h to obtain the composite flame retardant.

[0031] Preparation Example 1-5: The difference from Preparation Example 1-1 is that phytic acid was not added. (1) 1g magnesium hydroxide and 6g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate were added to 200mL of deionized water and placed on a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was stirred at 400rpm for 40min at 25℃. The mixture was then transferred to a hydrothermal reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner. After sealing the reactor, it was placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 140℃. The reaction was carried out at a constant temperature for 12h. After the hydrothermal reaction was completed, the material in the reactor was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 10000rpm for 15min. The mixture was washed three times with deionized water and once with anhydrous ethanol. It was dried at 60℃ for 8h to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide. 5g of magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide was weighed and added to 150mL of 75wt% ethanol solution. The mixture was placed in an ultrasonic disperser and the power was adjusted to 300W and the frequency to 20KHz. The mixture was ultrasonically dispersed for 30min to obtain an LDHs suspension. (2) Place 5g of quercetin and 200mL of water on a magnetic stirrer and stir at 300rpm for 2h at 25℃ to obtain a clear solution. Add 7g of titanium sulfate to the clear solution and stir at the same speed for 40min. Add LDH suspension dropwise, heat to 90℃ and react for 10h. Filter, wash three times with deionized water, and dry at 60℃ for 8h to obtain a composite flame retardant.

[0032] Preparation Example 1-6: The difference from Preparation Example 1-1 is that titanium sulfate was not added. (1) 1g magnesium hydroxide and 6g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate were added to 200mL of deionized water and placed on a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was stirred at 400rpm for 40min at 25℃. The mixture was then transferred to a hydrothermal reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner. After sealing the reactor, it was placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 140℃. The reaction was carried out at a constant temperature for 12h. After the hydrothermal reaction was completed, the material in the reactor was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 10000rpm for 15min. The mixture was washed three times with deionized water and once with anhydrous ethanol. It was dried at 60℃ for 8h to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide. 5g of magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide was weighed and added to 150mL of 75wt% ethanol solution. The mixture was placed in an ultrasonic disperser and the power was adjusted to 300W and the frequency to 20KHz. The mixture was ultrasonically dispersed for 30min to obtain an LDHs suspension. (2) Place 5g of quercetin and 200mL of water on a magnetic stirrer and stir at 300rpm for 2h at 25℃ to obtain a clear solution. Keep the stirring rate constant for 40min, add LDHs suspension dropwise, heat to 90℃, react for 10h, filter, wash three times with deionized water, and dry at 60℃ for 8h to obtain a composite flame retardant.

[0033] Preparation Example 1-7: The difference from Preparation Example 1-1 is that quercetin was not added. (1) 1g magnesium hydroxide and 6g aluminum nitrate nonahydrate were added to 200mL of deionized water and placed on a magnetic stirrer. The mixture was stirred at 400rpm for 40min at 25℃. The mixture was then transferred to a hydrothermal reactor with a polytetrafluoroethylene liner. After sealing the reactor, it was placed in a muffle furnace and heated to 140℃. The reaction was carried out at a constant temperature for 12h. After the hydrothermal reaction was completed, the material in the reactor was transferred to a centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 10000rpm for 15min. The mixture was washed three times with deionized water and once with anhydrous ethanol. It was dried at 60℃ for 8h to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide. 5g of magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide was weighed and added to 150mL of 75wt% ethanol solution. The mixture was placed in an ultrasonic disperser and the power was adjusted to 300W and the frequency to 20KHz. The mixture was ultrasonically dispersed for 30min to obtain an LDHs suspension. (2) Place 5g of phytic acid and 200mL of water on a magnetic stirrer and stir at 300rpm for 2h at 25℃ to obtain a clear solution. Add 7g of titanium sulfate to the clear solution and stir at the same rate for 40min. Add LDH suspension dropwise, heat to 90℃ and react for 10h. Filter, wash three times with deionized water, and dry at 60℃ for 8h to obtain the composite flame retardant. Preparation example of high temperature resistant additives

[0034] Preparation Example 2-1: (1) 7g of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 5g of phenol, 3.5g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 100g of anhydrous ethanol were added to a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet tube. The mixture was stirred to initially disperse the phenol and potassium carbonate. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the four-necked flask at a flow rate of 30mL / min and continuously replaced for 30min to completely remove the air and dissolved oxygen in the flask. The temperature was raised to 85℃ and the reaction was stirred at a constant temperature for 12h. The mixture was then vacuum filtered to remove the generated potassium chloride byproduct and a small amount of unreacted anhydrous potassium carbonate to obtain a polyphosphazene ethanol solution. (2) Add 6g of silane-modified SiO2 to 100g of polyphosphazene ethanol solution, ultrasonically disperse at 300W for 20min, heat to 70℃, distill under reduced pressure for 3h, wash three times with deionized water, dry at 60℃ for 8h, grind through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a high-temperature resistant additive. Add 0.02g of silane coupling agent to a mixture of 10g of deionized water / ethanol (volume ratio of 3:7), adjust the pH to 5 with hydrochloric acid, stir and hydrolyze for 30min to obtain a hydrolyzed silane coupling agent solution. Add SiO2 to 100g of ethanol solution, ultrasonically disperse at 250W for 20min, slowly add the hydrolyzed silane coupling agent solution, filter, wash three times with deionized water, dry at 60℃ for 6h to obtain silane-modified SiO2, the silane coupling agent being KH550.

[0035] Preparation Example 2-2: (1) 6g of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 4g of phenol, 3.0g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 90g of anhydrous ethanol were added to a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet tube. The mixture was stirred to initially disperse the phenol and potassium carbonate. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the four-necked flask at a flow rate of 30mL / min and continuously replaced for 30min to completely remove the air and dissolved oxygen in the flask. The temperature was raised to 80℃ and the reaction was stirred at a constant temperature for 11h. The mixture was then vacuum filtered to remove the generated potassium chloride byproduct and a small amount of unreacted anhydrous potassium carbonate to obtain a polyphosphazene ethanol solution. (2) Add 5g of silane-modified SiO2 to 90g of polyphosphazene ethanol solution, ultrasonically disperse at 300W for 17min, heat to 65℃, distill under reduced pressure for 2.5h, wash three times with deionized water, dry at 60℃ for 8h, grind through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a high-temperature resistant additive. Add 0.02g of silane coupling agent to a mixture of 10g of deionized water / ethanol (volume ratio of 3:7), adjust the pH to 5 with hydrochloric acid, stir and hydrolyze for 30min to obtain a hydrolyzed silane coupling agent solution. Add SiO2 to 100g of ethanol solution, ultrasonically disperse at 250W for 20min, slowly add the hydrolyzed silane coupling agent solution, filter, wash three times with deionized water, dry at 60℃ for 6h to obtain silane-modified SiO2, the silane coupling agent being KH550.

[0036] Preparation Example 2-3: (1) 5g of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 3g of phenol, 2.5g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 80g of anhydrous ethanol were added to a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet tube. The mixture was stirred to initially disperse the phenol and potassium carbonate. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the four-necked flask at a flow rate of 30mL / min and continuously replaced for 30min to completely remove the air and dissolved oxygen in the flask. The temperature was raised to 75℃ and the reaction was stirred at a constant temperature for 10h. The mixture was then vacuum filtered to remove the generated potassium chloride byproduct and a small amount of unreacted anhydrous potassium carbonate to obtain a polyphosphazene ethanol solution. (2) Add 4g of silane-modified SiO2 to 80g of polyphosphazene ethanol solution, ultrasonically disperse at 300W for 15min, heat to 60℃, distill under reduced pressure for 2h, wash three times with deionized water, dry at 60℃ for 8h, grind through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a high-temperature resistant additive. Add 0.02g of silane coupling agent to a mixture of 10g of deionized water / ethanol (volume ratio of 3:7), adjust the pH to 5 with hydrochloric acid, stir and hydrolyze for 30min to obtain a hydrolyzed silane coupling agent solution. Add SiO2 to 100g of ethanol solution, ultrasonically disperse at 250W for 20min, slowly add the hydrolyzed silane coupling agent solution, filter, wash three times with deionized water, dry at 60℃ for 6h to obtain silane-modified SiO2, the silane coupling agent being KH550.

[0037] Preparation Example 2-4: The difference from Preparation Example 2-1 is that silane-modified SiO2 was not added. 7g of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 5g of phenol, 3.5g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 100g of anhydrous ethanol were added to a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet tube. The mixture was stirred to initially disperse the phenol and potassium carbonate. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the four-necked flask at a flow rate of 30mL / min for 30min to completely remove air and dissolved oxygen from the flask. The temperature was raised to 85℃ and the reaction was stirred at a constant temperature for 12h. The mixture was then vacuum filtered to remove the generated potassium chloride byproduct and a small amount of unreacted anhydrous potassium carbonate, yielding a polyphosphazene ethanol solution, which is the high-temperature resistant additive.

[0038] Preparation Example 2-5: The difference from Preparation Example 2-1 is that SiO2 is not modified with silane. (1) 7g of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 5g of phenol, 3.5g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and 100g of anhydrous ethanol are added to a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a reflux condenser and a nitrogen inlet tube. Stirring makes the phenol and potassium carbonate initially dispersed. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the four-necked flask at a flow rate of 30mL / min and continuously replaced for 30min to completely remove the air and dissolved oxygen in the flask. The temperature is raised to 85℃ and stirred at a constant temperature for 12h. Vacuum filtration is performed to remove the generated potassium chloride byproduct and a small amount of unreacted anhydrous potassium carbonate to obtain a polyphosphazene ethanol solution. (2) Add 6g SiO2 to 100g polyphosphazene ethanol solution, ultrasonically disperse at 300W for 20min, heat to 70℃, distill under reduced pressure for 3h, wash three times with deionized water, dry at 60℃ for 8h, grind through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain a high-temperature resistant additive. Example

[0039] Example 1: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, the raw material composition of which is shown in Table 1. In Table 1, polyvinyl chloride is selected from Shenzhen Donghongjia Technology Co., Ltd., model PVC; plasticizer is dioctyl terephthalate, selected from Shandong Zhongwei New Materials Co., Ltd., item number 12005; stabilizer is calcium-zinc stabilizer, selected from Qingyang Ruiying Plastic Chemical Co., Ltd., model RY-320F; composite flame retardant is prepared from Preparation Example 1-1; high-temperature resistant additive is prepared from Preparation Example 2-1; filler is magnesium hydroxide; lubricant is stearic acid, selected from Jinan Jinbosheng Trading Co., Ltd., model industrial grade; colorant is phthalocyanine blue, selected from Jiangsu Meikailun Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., model BGNCF.

[0040] The preparation method of this flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material includes the following steps: S1. Add polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer, stabilizer, composite flame retardant, high temperature resistant additive, filler, lubricant and color powder into the torque rheometer, set the torque rheometer temperature to 250℃ and the speed to 40rpm, keep it warm and stir for 50min to obtain a preliminary mixture. S2. Transfer the preliminary mixture to a flat vulcanizing machine at a temperature of 150℃ and a pressure of 8MPa, keep it at the temperature for 40 minutes, cool it down to 25℃, and then restore the pressure to 0.1MPa to obtain flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material.

[0041] Table 1. Raw material ratios of flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable materials in Examples 1-4 Raw materials (Kg) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Polyvinyl chloride 90 85 80 70 plasticizer 40 38 35 30 stabilizer 3.5 3.3 3.2 3 Composite flame retardant 1.5 1.4 1.3 1 High temperature resistant additives 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 filler 15 13 12 10 lubricant 1 0.8 0.6 0.5 Pigment 0.2 0.18 0.15 0.1 Example 2: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the composite flame retardant is made from Preparation Example 1-2, the high-temperature resistant additive is made from Preparation Example 2-2, and the raw material dosage is shown in Table 1.

[0042] Example 3: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the composite flame retardant is made from Preparation Examples 1-3, the high-temperature resistant additive is made from Preparation Examples 2-3, and the raw material dosage is shown in Table 1.

[0043] Example 4: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the amount of raw materials used is different, as shown in Table 1.

[0044] Example 5: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the composite flame retardant is prepared from Examples 1-4.

[0045] Example 6: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, differing from Example 1 in that the composite flame retardant is prepared using the methods described in Examples 1-5. Example 7: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the composite flame retardant is prepared by Examples 1-6. Comparative Example

[0046] Comparative Example 1: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the composite flame retardant is made from Preparation Examples 1-7.

[0047] Comparative Example 2: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the high-temperature resistant additive is made from Preparation Examples 2-4.

[0048] Comparative Example 3: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that the high-temperature resistant additive is made from Preparation Examples 2-5.

[0049] Comparative Example 4: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that it uses an equal amount of SiO2 to replace the high-temperature resistant additives.

[0050] Comparative Example 5: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that no composite flame retardant is added.

[0051] Comparative Example 6: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that it does not contain high-temperature resistant additives.

[0052] Comparative Example 7: A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, which differs from Example 1 in that an equal amount of aluminum hydroxide is used to replace the composite flame retardant. Performance testing

[0053] Flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable materials were prepared according to the methods in the examples and comparative examples, and their performance was tested according to the following methods. The test data are recorded in Table 2.

[0054] 1. Oxygen Index (LOI) Test: The test is conducted in accordance with GB / T2406.2-2022 "Determination of Combustion Behavior by Oxygen Index Method for Plastics" to determine the minimum oxygen concentration (%) required for the material to sustain combustion in an oxygen-nitrogen mixture.

[0055] 2. Smoke density test: The test shall be conducted in accordance with GB / T 17651.1-2021 "Determination of smoke density of cables or optical cables under specific conditions".

[0056] 3. High temperature resistance test: According to GB / T 1040.1-2025 "Determination of tensile properties of plastics", the tensile strength and elongation at break of the flame-retardant and high temperature resistant cable materials prepared in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were tested at room temperature and 180℃ for 168h.

[0057] Table 2. Test data of flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable materials prepared in the examples and comparative examples. As can be seen from Examples 1-4 and Table 2, the flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material prepared in this application has excellent flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant properties.

[0058] Combining Examples 1 and 5-7 with Table 2, it can be seen that the flame retardant and high-temperature resistance of the cable materials prepared in Examples 5-7 are reduced compared to Example 1. This indicates that the hydrogen bonding and complexation reaction of phytic acid and titanium sulfate successfully introduces phosphorus and titanium ions to form a stable Ti-OP-Ti coordination structure. This structure endows the flame retardant with a dual flame retardant mechanism. The water vapor released by the decomposition of LDHs can dilute the concentration of combustible gases and help reduce the flame intensity, thereby playing a flame retardant role.

[0059] Combining Example 1 and Comparative Examples 2-4 with Table 2, it can be seen that compared with Example 1, the flame retardant and high-temperature resistance properties of the cable materials prepared in Comparative Examples 2-4 are reduced. This indicates that after silica is modified with silane, the surface-active groups can form chemical bonds with polyphosphononitrile molecules. Silica fills the molecular gaps in the polyphosphononitrile shell to form a rigid skeleton, which significantly increases the thermal decomposition temperature of the high-temperature resistant additive. At the same time, the polyphosphononitrile molecules contain phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardant elements, which decompose during combustion to produce phosphorus-containing free radicals, which can capture active free radicals in the flame chain reaction and inhibit the spread of flame.

[0060] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material, characterized in that, Including the following parts by weight of raw materials: 70-90 parts polyvinyl chloride, 30-40 parts plasticizer, 3-3.5 parts stabilizer, 1-1.5 parts composite flame retardant, 0.5-0.8 parts high temperature resistant additive, 10-15 parts filler, 0.5-1 part lubricant, and 0.1-0.2 parts colorant; The composite flame retardant is prepared by quercetin and a high-efficiency flame retardant component; the high-temperature resistant additive is a core-shell composite material composed of silane-modified SiO2 as the core and polyphosphononitrile as the shell.

2. The flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composite flame retardant includes the following steps: (1) Add magnesium hydroxide and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate to water, stir and hydrothermally react for 8-12 hours, centrifuge, wash and dry to obtain magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide, add magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxide to ethanol solution and ultrasonically disperse to obtain LDHs suspension, wherein the mass ratio of magnesium hydroxide to aluminum nitrate nonahydrate is 1:4-6. (2) Mix quercetin, phytic acid and water to obtain a clear solution. Add titanium sulfate to the clear solution and stir. Then add LDH suspension dropwise. Heat to 80-90℃ and react for 8-10 hours. Filter, wash and dry to obtain a composite flame retardant. The mass ratio of quercetin, phytic acid and titanium sulfate is 3-5:3-5:4-7.

3. The flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the high-temperature resistant additive includes the following steps: (1) Mix hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, phenol, anhydrous potassium carbonate and anhydrous ethanol, purge with nitrogen for protection, heat to 75-85℃, stir at constant temperature for 10-12h, filter to remove impurities, and obtain polyphosphazene ethanol solution. The mass ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, phenol, anhydrous potassium carbonate and anhydrous ethanol is 5-7:3-5:2.5-3.5:80-100. (2) Add silane-modified SiO2 to polyphosphazene ethanol solution, disperse by ultrasonication, heat to 60-70℃, distill under reduced pressure, wash, dry, grind and sieve to obtain high temperature resistant additive. The mass ratio of silane-modified SiO2 to polyphosphazene ethanol solution is 4-6:80-100.

4. The flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plasticizer includes one or more of dioctyl terephthalate, soybean oil, DOA, and chlorinated paraffin.

5. The flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stabilizer includes one or both of calcium-zinc stabilizers and lead salt stabilizers.

6. The flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filler includes one or more of zinc borate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and kaolin.

7. The flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lubricant includes one or more of stearic acid, PE wax, and CPE.

8. The flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pigments include one or more of BBN Scarlet, 6B Brilliant Red, Phthalocyanine Blue, and Carbon Black.

9. A method for preparing a flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer, stabilizer, composite flame retardant, high temperature resistant additive, filler, lubricant and color powder evenly to obtain a preliminary mixture; S2. The preliminary mixture is vulcanized at a temperature of 140-150℃ and a pressure of 7-8MPa for 30-40 minutes to obtain flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant cable material.

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