A drainage tunnel maintenance stage people and vehicle anti-skid device and installation method

Abstract

The application discloses a drainage tunnel maintenance stage people and vehicle anti-skid device and a mounting method, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects. The device comprises at least one anti-skid pad body and a side edge anchoring mechanism. The anti-skid pad body comprises an anti-skid wear-resistant layer, a buffer bearing layer and an anchoring and adhering layer. The lower surface of the anchoring and adhering layer is provided with an anchoring structure. The upper surface of the anti-skid wear-resistant layer is provided with anti-skid textures and a plurality of drainage grooves. The anti-skid textures are used for enhancing the friction coefficient of the upper surface of the anti-skid wear-resistant layer and can guide accumulated water to the drainage grooves. One end of the side edge anchoring mechanism is in abutment with the side wall of the drainage tunnel, and the other end is used for being connected with the side edge of the anti-skid pad body, so as to limit the displacement of the anti-skid pad body in the width direction of the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel and provide the anti-skid pad body with a compression force perpendicular to the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel. The application can realize the technical effects of multiple goals, such as large longitudinal slope anti-skid, efficient installation, environmental protection and pollution-free, and reusability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to an anti-slip device for people and vehicles during the maintenance of drainage tunnels and its installation method. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of water conservancy projects, drainage tunnels undertake crucial functions such as drainage, flood control, and auxiliary water supply, requiring regular maintenance to ensure structural safety and water conveyance efficiency. During maintenance, tunnels often encounter complex conditions such as water accumulation and siltation, and some tunnels have longitudinal slopes ranging from 5° to 30° to meet drainage flow design requirements. Under these conditions, maintenance personnel and small flatbed trucks (2-5 tons) are prone to slipping due to insufficient friction on the contact surfaces, seriously threatening operational safety. Furthermore, as water transport channels, tunnels have extremely high requirements for environmental safety and water body protection, while traditional anti-slip measures have many environmental defects and can easily lead to secondary problems.

[0003] Current anti-slip measures used in the industry, such as rubber mats, steel anti-slip mesh, and temporary concrete leveling layers, have several shortcomings: Insufficient anti-slip performance and adaptability: Traditional rubber mats lack a dedicated anchoring structure at the bottom, making them prone to displacement on steep longitudinal slopes. Furthermore, the surface anti-slip texture is mostly a single horizontal line, resulting in an anti-slip coefficient of only 0.5-0.6 in waterlogged environments, far below the ≥0.8 required by the "Safety Code for Construction of Water Conservancy Projects". Steel plate anti-slip netting is heavy (≥20kg per square meter), difficult to lay, and prone to creating gaps with the tunnel floor, increasing the risk of tripping.

[0004] The conflict between installation efficiency and structural protection: Most anti-slip measures rely on expansion bolts for fixing or heavy ballast. Expansion bolts require on-site drilling (hole diameter ≥12mm), which can easily damage the tunnel's concrete floor structure and result in high repair costs later. Heavy ballast (such as sandbags or concrete blocks) has poor stability, and laying a single 100-meter tunnel takes more than 8 hours, which cannot meet the requirements of "short construction period (usually 3-5 days) and fast turnaround" for maintenance operations.

[0005] Lack of environmental friendliness and reusability: Traditional anti-slip mats often use recycled rubber or inferior synthetic materials, containing sulfides, formaldehyde, heavy metals (lead, cadmium), and phthalate plasticizers. In the confined environment of tunnels, these release irritating odors, causing dizziness and respiratory discomfort among workers. Even after maintenance and recycling, residual pollutants remain on the surface of the mat, spreading with water flow and polluting the water. Furthermore, most anti-slip measures are for single use only, generating solid waste upon disposal, resulting in material waste and environmental burden.

[0006] Limited functionality makes it unsuitable for complex environments: Lacking a dedicated drainage structure, water easily accumulates on the surface of the anti-slip mat, further reducing its anti-slip performance. Furthermore, the material has poor weather resistance, making it prone to aging and cracking in the high-temperature (above 40℃) and high-humidity environments of tunnels, resulting in a service life of less than 5 maintenance cycles.

[0007] In conclusion, existing technologies cannot simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of anti-slip on large longitudinal slopes, efficient installation, environmental protection and pollution-free operation, and reusability, and targeted technological breakthroughs are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and installation method for preventing slippage of people and vehicles during the maintenance of drainage tunnels, so as to solve the problems of insufficient anti-slip performance, low installation efficiency, poor environmental protection and lack of reusability of existing anti-slip measures, and to achieve multiple goals such as anti-slip on steep longitudinal slopes, efficient installation, environmental protection and pollution-free, and reusability.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a vehicle and pedestrian anti-slip device for the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel, comprising: at least one anti-slip mat body and a side anchoring mechanism. The anti-slip mat body includes an anti-slip wear-resistant layer, a buffer bearing layer, and an anchoring bonding layer connected sequentially from top to bottom. The lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer is provided with an anchoring structure that forms an anchoring bond with the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel. The buffer bearing layer can undergo elastic deformation to absorb impact energy when subjected to vehicle or personnel loads. The upper surface of the anti-slip wear-resistant layer is provided with anti-slip textures and multiple drainage grooves. The anti-slip textures are used to enhance the friction coefficient of the upper surface of the anti-slip wear-resistant layer and can guide accumulated water to the drainage grooves. The drainage grooves are used to drain accumulated water from the upper surface of the anti-slip wear-resistant layer. One end of the side anchoring mechanism abuts against the side wall of the drainage tunnel, and the other end is used to connect to the side of the anti-slip mat body to limit the displacement of the anti-slip mat body in the width direction of the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel and can provide a clamping force perpendicular to the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel to the anti-slip mat body.

[0010] Preferably, the anchoring structure consists of a plurality of inverted conical anchoring protrusions spaced apart on the lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer, the diameter of which gradually decreases from the end closer to the anchoring bonding layer to the end farther away from the anchoring bonding layer; the small end face of the inverted conical anchoring protrusion is provided with annular anti-slip texture or diamond anti-slip texture.

[0011] Preferably, the diameter of the inverted conical anchoring protrusion is 18~22mm and the height is 10~14mm, and the plurality of the inverted conical anchoring protrusions are arranged in an array at intervals of 28~32mm along the length and width directions of the anti-slip pad body.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-slip texture consists of multiple anti-slip groove groups arranged in a herringbone pattern. Each anti-slip groove group is spaced apart along the length of the anti-slip mat body, with a spacing of 10-20 mm between adjacent anti-slip groove groups. Each anti-slip groove group includes multiple anti-slip grooves spaced apart along the width of the anti-slip mat body. The texture depth of each anti-slip groove is 3-4 mm, and the herringbone angle of each anti-slip groove is 55-65°. The drainage groove is a straight groove that runs through the width of the anti-slip mat body. This straight groove is located between adjacent anti-slip grooves and communicates with adjacent anti-slip grooves. Its width is 2-3 mm and its depth is greater than 4 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer is a composite of EPDM rubber and silicon carbide particles, wherein the silicon carbide particles account for 15%-20% by mass and have a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm. The buffer bearing layer is an elastomer made of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber blended in a 7:3 mass ratio. The buffer bearing layer is embedded with glass fiber mesh and has uniformly distributed weight-reducing holes. The tensile strength of the buffer bearing layer is ≥15MPa. The anchoring bonding layer is made of polyurethane with a Shore hardness ≥85HD.

[0014] Preferably, the two sides of the anti-slip mat body along its length are respectively provided with splicing parts for docking with adjacent anti-slip mat bodies. The splicing parts include convex and concave parts with complementary shapes. An elastic sealing strip is embedded in the concave part. After the convex and concave parts of adjacent anti-slip mat bodies are fitted together, they are locked and fixed by I-shaped connecting strips and bolts.

[0015] Preferably, the side anchoring mechanism includes multiple L-shaped plates and multiple telescopic top rods. The L-shaped plates include horizontal plates and vertical plates that are perpendicular to each other and integrally connected. The horizontal plates are used to press against the top surface of one side of the anti-slip mat body, the vertical plates are used to abut against one side of the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel, and one end of the telescopic top rod is used to abut against the side wall of the drainage tunnel.

[0016] Preferably, the edge of the anti-slip mat body is provided with an identification area, which is used to set the segment number code, position coordinates, installation direction arrow and / or reflective strip.

[0017] The present invention also provides an installation method for an anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel as described in any of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Clean the bottom slab of the drainage tunnel and draw longitudinal slope marking lines along the length of the tunnel; Step 2: Place the first anti-slip mat body in the starting position, align one edge of its width direction with the longitudinal slope marking line, and press the anchoring structure on the lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer into the surface of the drainage tunnel floor slab. Step 3: Take the subsequent anti-slip mat body, fit its splicing part with the splicing part of the already installed anti-slip mat body, and lock and fix it with the connector; Step 4: Extend the telescopic top rod of the side anchoring mechanism outward so that its end abuts against the side wall of the drainage tunnel and apply pre-tightening force; Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the anti-slip mats are laid. Step 6: Check the gap at the joint of adjacent anti-slip mat bodies.

[0018] Preferably, in step two, a rubber hammer is used to evenly tap along the edge of the anti-slip mat body, with a tapping force not exceeding 50N, so that the anchoring structure is completely embedded in the surface of the base plate, and the gap between the anchoring structure and the base plate is not greater than 1mm; in step three, the connecting piece is an I-shaped connecting strip, with both ends of the I-shaped connecting strip inserted into the threaded holes on the side of the adjacent anti-slip mat body, and fastened with M4 bolts, with a fastening torque of 8N·m; in step six, after every 10 anti-slip mat bodies are spliced, a feeler gauge is used to check the gap at the splice, and the detection standard is that the maximum gap is ≤0.5mm.

[0019] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention provides a device and installation method for preventing slippage of personnel and vehicles during the maintenance of drainage tunnels. Through an innovative three-layer composite structure design and multi-dimensional anti-slip technology, it effectively solves the problem of insufficient anti-slip performance of traditional anti-slip measures in tunnels with steep longitudinal slopes.

[0020] Furthermore, the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer is made of EPDM rubber and 15%-20% silicon carbide particles. The herringbone anti-slip groove group (angle 55~65°, depth 3-4mm) and the through drainage groove (width 2~3mm, depth greater than 4mm) work together to achieve a friction coefficient of over 0.85 in waterlogged environments, far exceeding the requirement of ≥0.8 in the "Safety Code for Construction of Water Conservancy Projects". At the same time, it quickly drains surface water and avoids the risk of slipping.

[0021] Furthermore, the buffer load-bearing layer is made of a 7:3 blend of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber elastomer, with embedded glass fiber mesh and weight-reducing holes. The tensile strength is ≥15MPa, which can absorb the impact of vehicle and personnel loads and ensure structural stability.

[0022] Furthermore, the anchoring bonding layer uses polyurethane with a Shore hardness ≥85HD. The array of inverted conical anchoring protrusions (diameter 18~22mm, height 10~14mm, spacing 28~32mm) on its lower surface, combined with the annular or diamond-shaped anti-slip texture on the small end face, can achieve firm anchoring without damaging the tunnel floor, effectively preventing the anti-slip pad body from shifting on the longitudinal slope.

[0023] Furthermore, the combination of the convex and concave splicing parts (with elastic sealing strips embedded in the concave parts) on both sides of the anti-slip mat body, along with the I-shaped connecting strip and M4 bolts (tightening torque 8 N·m), ensures a tight connection between adjacent mat bodies, with a maximum gap of ≤0.5mm at the splice. The L-shaped plate and telescopic top rod of the side anchoring mechanism provide lateral limiting and vertical clamping force in the width direction, further improving the overall laying stability. This device also has excellent environmental protection and reusability. The materials used do not contain pollutants such as sulfides, formaldehyde, and heavy metals. It does not release irritating odors in the confined environment of the tunnel, avoiding health hazards to workers. It also has strong weather resistance, with a service life of more than 15 maintenance cycles in high temperature and high humidity environments above 40℃, significantly reducing material waste and solid waste generation. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance stage of a drainage tunnel provided by the present invention. Figure 2 Top sectional view of the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer in the anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance stage of the drainage tunnel provided by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top sectional view of the buffer bearing layer in the anti-slip device for people and vehicles during the maintenance stage of the drainage tunnel provided by the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance stage of the drainage tunnel provided by the present invention, installed on the bottom plate of the water conveyance tunnel. In the diagram: 100, Anti-slip mat body; 1, Anti-slip and wear-resistant layer; 11, Anti-slip texture; 12, Drainage ditch; 2, Buffer bearing layer; 21, Fiberglass mesh; 22, Weight reduction hole; 3, Anchoring bonding layer; 31, Inverted cone-shaped anchoring protrusion; 4, Marking area; 5, Side anchoring mechanism; 51, L-shaped plate; 52, Telescopic top rod; 6, Protrusion; 7, Recess; 8, Drainage tunnel; 9, Base plate; 10, Drainage ditch of water conveyance tunnel. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and installation method for preventing slippage of people and vehicles during the maintenance of drainage tunnels, so as to solve the problems of insufficient anti-slip performance, low installation efficiency, poor environmental protection and lack of reusability of existing anti-slip measures, and to achieve multiple goals such as anti-slip on steep longitudinal slopes, efficient installation, environmental protection and pollution-free, and reusability.

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Example 1 This embodiment provides a device for preventing slippage of personnel and vehicles during the maintenance of drainage tunnels, such as... Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes: at least one anti-slip mat body 100 and a side anchoring mechanism 5. The anti-slip mat body 100 includes an anti-slip wear-resistant layer 1, a buffer bearing layer 2, and an anchoring bonding layer 3 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer 3 is provided with an anchoring structure that forms an anchoring bond with the bottom plate 9 of the drainage tunnel 8. The buffer bearing layer 2 can undergo elastic deformation to absorb impact energy when subjected to vehicle or personnel loads. The upper surface of the anti-slip wear-resistant layer 1 is provided with anti-slip texture 11 and multiple drainage grooves 12. The anti-slip texture 11 is used to enhance the friction of the upper surface of the anti-slip wear-resistant layer 1. The anti-slip pad has a coefficient and can guide accumulated water to the drainage ditch 12, which is used to drain accumulated water from the upper surface of the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer 1. One end of the side anchoring mechanism 5 abuts against the side wall of the drainage tunnel 8, and the other end is used to connect to the side of the anti-slip pad body 100 to limit the displacement of the anti-slip pad body 100 in the width direction of the bottom plate 9 of the drainage tunnel 8, and can provide a clamping force perpendicular to the bottom plate 9 of the drainage tunnel 8 to the anti-slip pad body 100. This multi-layer structure and anchoring mechanism design enable the anti-slip device to have the functions of anti-slip, buffering, drainage and stable installation. The anti-slip and wear-resistant layer 1 enhances friction and guides drainage, the buffer bearing layer 2 protects the device and personnel and vehicles from impact, the anchoring bonding layer 3 ensures that the anti-slip pad body 100 is firmly connected to the tunnel bottom plate 9, and the side anchoring mechanism 5 limits the displacement of the anti-slip pad body 100 and provides clamping force, which together ensure the safety and stability of personnel and vehicle passage during the maintenance phase of the drainage tunnel 8.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the anchoring structure comprises a plurality of inverted conical anchoring protrusions 31 spaced apart on the lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer 3. The diameter of the inverted conical anchoring protrusions 31 gradually decreases from the end closer to the anchoring bonding layer 3 to the end farther away from the anchoring bonding layer 3. The small end face of the inverted conical anchoring protrusions 31 is provided with annular or diamond-shaped anti-slip patterns. The design of the inverted conical anchoring protrusions 31 facilitates their embedding into the tunnel floor 9, providing a firm anchoring force and preventing the anti-slip pad body 100 from shifting during use. The annular or diamond-shaped anti-slip patterns on the small end face further enhance the friction with the floor 9, improving the stability of the anti-slip pad body 100's fit with the floor 9 and ensuring that the anti-slip pad body 100 can be reliably fixed to the tunnel floor 9 under various working conditions.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of this example, the diameter of the inverted conical anchoring protrusion 31 is 18-22 mm and the height is 10-14 mm. Multiple inverted conical anchoring protrusions 31 are arrayed along the length and width directions of the anti-slip mat body 100 at intervals of 28-32 mm. This size and distribution arrangement can ensure that there are enough anchoring points between the anchoring bonding layer 3 and the tunnel floor 9, providing uniform and reliable anchoring force and maintaining the overall stability of the anti-slip mat body 100. At the same time, it can ensure the anchoring effect while avoiding the impact on the laying and use comfort of the anti-slip mat body 100 due to excessively dense or large protrusions, thus achieving a good balance between anchoring performance and practical application.

[0032] Preferably, the anti-slip texture 11 consists of multiple herringbone-shaped anti-slip groove groups, each arranged at intervals along the length of the anti-slip mat body 100, with a spacing of 10-20 mm between adjacent anti-slip groove groups. Each anti-slip groove group includes multiple anti-slip grooves spaced at intervals along the width of the anti-slip mat body 100. The texture depth of the anti-slip grooves is 3-4 mm, and the herringbone angle of the anti-slip grooves is 55-65°. The drainage groove 12 is a straight groove extending along the width of the anti-slip mat body 100, located between and connected to adjacent anti-slip grooves. Its width is 2-3 mm and its depth is greater than 4 mm. The herringbone-shaped anti-slip groove groups increase the contact friction between the anti-slip wear-resistant layer 1 and the vehicle tires or the soles of personal shoes, effectively improving anti-slip performance. The specific texture depth, angle, and spacing optimize the distribution of friction and enhance the anti-slip effect. The drainage ditch 12, which is connected to the anti-slip groove, can drain the accumulated water in time, prevent the water from affecting the anti-slip performance, and ensure that the anti-slip effect can be maintained even in wet environments, thus ensuring the safety of people and vehicles.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of this example, the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer 1 is a composite of EPDM rubber and silicon carbide particles, wherein the silicon carbide particles account for 15%-20% by mass and have a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm. The buffer bearing layer 2 is an elastomer made of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber blended in a 7:3 mass ratio. The buffer bearing layer 2 is embedded with glass fiber mesh 21 and has uniformly arranged weight-reducing holes 22. The tensile strength of the buffer bearing layer 2 is ≥15MPa. The anchoring bonding layer 3 is made of polyurethane with a Shore hardness ≥85HD. The composite of EPDM rubber and silicon carbide particles gives the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer 1 good wear resistance, weather resistance and high coefficient of friction, ensuring long-term stable anti-slip performance. The design of a blend of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber elastomer, combined with fiberglass mesh 21 and weight-reducing holes 22, ensures that the buffer bearing layer 2 has good elastic deformation capacity to absorb impact energy while maintaining sufficient strength. Furthermore, the weight-reducing holes 22 reduce the overall weight of the anti-slip mat body 100, facilitating installation and handling. The polyurethane anchoring bonding layer 3, with a Shore hardness ≥85HD, provides the anti-slip mat body 100 with good rigidity and good adhesion and anchoring performance to the tunnel floor 9.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the two sides of the anti-slip mat body 100 along its length are respectively provided with splicing portions for mating with adjacent anti-slip mat bodies 100. Each splicing portion includes a complementary convex portion 6 and a concave portion 7. An elastic sealing strip is embedded in the concave portion 7. After the convex portion 6 and concave portion 7 of adjacent anti-slip mat bodies 100 are interlocked, they are locked and fixed by an I-beam connecting strip and bolts. This splicing portion design facilitates rapid splicing and installation between anti-slip mat bodies 100, improving construction efficiency. The complementary convex and concave portions 7, combined with the elastic sealing strip, not only ensure a tight connection between adjacent anti-slip mat bodies 100, preventing water leakage, but also enhance overall stability. The I-beam connecting strip and bolts further reinforce the connection, ensuring that the connection between the anti-slip mat bodies 100 remains firm and reliable under long-term use and load-bearing conditions, maintaining the integrity of the entire anti-slip device.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, tunnel drainage ditches 10 are provided on both sides of the bottom plate 9 of the drainage tunnel 8. The side anchoring mechanism 5 includes multiple L-shaped plates 51 and multiple telescopic top rods 52. Each L-shaped plate 51 includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate that are perpendicular to each other and integrally connected. The horizontal plate is used to press against the top surface of one side of the anti-slip mat body 100, and the vertical plate is used to abut against one side wall of the tunnel drainage ditch 10. One end of the telescopic top rod 52 is used to abut against the side wall of the other side of the tunnel drainage ditch 10. Preferably, the telescopic top rod 52 is a 304 bidirectional telescopic stainless steel bolt. By using the tunnel drainage ditch 10 to set up the side anchoring mechanism 5, the stability of the anti-slip mat body 100 is cleverly enhanced by utilizing the existing structure of the tunnel. The horizontal plate of the L-shaped plate 51 presses against the top surface of the anti-slip mat body 100, and the vertical plate abuts against the side wall of the drainage ditch, limiting the displacement of the anti-slip mat body 100 in the width direction and providing vertical pressure. The telescopic top rod 52 further fixes the L-shaped plate 51 to ensure the anchoring effect. The 304 bidirectional expansion bolts, used as expansion rods 52, have good strength and corrosion resistance, are suitable for the humid environment of the drainage tunnel 8, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the side anchoring mechanism 5.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the edge of the anti-slip mat body 100 is provided with an identification area 4. The identification area 4 is used to set the segment number code, position coordinates, installation direction arrows and / or reflective strips. Setting the segment number code and position coordinates in the identification area 4 helps to accurately position and manage the anti-slip mat body 100 when laying it over a long distance in the drainage tunnel 8, facilitating accurate laying by construction personnel and subsequent maintenance and repair. The installation direction arrows guide the installers to correctly install the anti-slip mat body 100, ensuring that the anti-slip texture 11 and drainage grooves 12, etc., perform optimally. The reflective strips improve the visibility of the anti-slip mat body 100 in low-light conditions in the tunnel, ensuring the safety of people and vehicles passing through.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of this invention, the outer left corner of the anti-slip mat body 100 is rounded. This rounded corner design prevents potential bumps and injuries to personnel from the sharp edges of the anti-slip mat body 100, thus improving safety during use. Simultaneously, the rounded corner design helps reduce water accumulation at the edges of the anti-slip mat body 100, allowing water to flow more smoothly into the drainage ditch 12 and further improving drainage performance.

[0038] Example 2 This embodiment also provides an installation method for a pedestrian and vehicle anti-slip device based on any of the above-mentioned drainage tunnel maintenance phases, including the following steps: I. Preparations before installation: 100% Inspection and Testing of the Anti-slip Mat Body: A comprehensive inspection of the anti-slip mat body 100 was conducted to ensure that each layer of the structure (anti-slip and wear-resistant layer 1, buffer and load-bearing layer 2, and anchoring and bonding layer 3) was undamaged and that the connections between each layer were firm. In particular, the inverted conical anchoring protrusions 31 on the lower surface of the anchoring and bonding layer 3 were inspected to ensure that they were free from deformation and missing parts.

[0039] According to the specifications, the anti-slip mat body 100 is subjected to performance tests, such as being placed in an environment of 85% humidity and 40℃ for 72 hours to test its weather resistance, ensuring that there is no aging or odor, and that it meets the requirements for environmental protection and durability.

[0040] Tunnel floor slab 9 cleaning: A high-pressure water gun (10MPa pressure) and a vacuum sludge truck were used to clean the bottom plate 9 of the drainage tunnel 8, removing accumulated water, silt, debris, etc., ensuring that the flatness of the bottom plate 9 after cleaning is ≤2mm / 2m, providing a good foundation for the installation of the anti-slip mat body 100.

[0041] Materials and tools preparation: Prepare the necessary materials for installation, including I-beam connectors, bolts, elastic sealing strips, L-shaped plates, and 304 double-sided expansion bolts. Ensure that the specifications and models of the materials match the anti-slip device, and that the quantity meets the installation requirements.

[0042] Prepare installation tools such as rubber hammers, torque wrenches, laser levels, feeler gauges, and splicing positioning devices, ensuring that the tools are in normal working order and meet the required accuracy.

[0043] Marker positioning: On the tunnel floor slab 9, longitudinal slope marking lines are drawn according to design requirements to provide a longitudinal positioning reference for the installation of the anti-slip mat body 100.

[0044] Apply a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating (1mm thick) to the ground in the partition area to enhance its impermeability and prevent moisture from seeping into the partition area and affecting the use of the anti-slip mat body 100.

[0045] II. Installation of the anti-slip mat body (100mm): The first anti-slip mat body is positioned 100 degrees. Starting from one end of the tunnel (such as the entrance end), place the first anti-slip mat body 100 (with marking area 4, labeled with section number and other information) at the installation position according to the pre-marked location, ensuring that the edge of the anti-slip mat body 100 is aligned with the longitudinal slope marking line.

[0046] Use a laser level to calibrate the anti-slip mat to 100% levelness, controlling the lateral deviation to ≤3mm and the longitudinal deviation to ≤5mm.

[0047] Carefully inspect the fit between the bottom anchoring protrusion of the anti-slip mat body 100 and the base plate 9. Gently tap the edge of the anti-slip mat body 100 with a rubber mallet to ensure that the protrusion is fully embedded in the surface of the base plate 9 without any gaps. If the gap between the protrusion and the base plate 9 is found to be greater than 1mm, the position of the anti-slip mat body 100 needs to be adjusted or the base plate 9 needs to be sanded until a good fit is achieved.

[0048] Assembly and installation: Take the second anti-slip mat body 100, align the protrusion 6 of its splicing part with the concave part 7 of the splicing part of the first anti-slip mat body 100, and use a splicing positioning instrument to assist in alignment to ensure that the interface gap is ≤0.5mm.

[0049] A 2mm thick elastic sealing strip is embedded in the recess 7. The length of the sealing strip is consistent with the interface and must completely fill the recess 7 without any protrusions or breaks.

[0050] Gently push the second anti-slip pad body 100 along the interface direction to make the convex and concave interfaces fully interlock. Then use a rubber mallet to tap evenly along the edge of the interface (force ≤50N) to ensure that the interface fits tightly.

[0051] Take one I-shaped connecting strip, align it with the threaded hole on the side of the adjacent anti-slip mat body 100, insert an M4 bolt, and tighten it to 8 N·m using a torque wrench. Ensure that the barbs at the bottom of the connecting strip are fully embedded in the surface of the base plate 9 to enhance the stability of the connection between adjacent anti-slip mat bodies 100. Repeat this step for every two anti-slip mat bodies 100 to complete the horizontal splicing and installation of the anti-slip mat bodies 100.

[0052] Side anchoring mechanism 5 installation: Side anchoring mechanisms 5 are installed at the tunnel drainage ditches 10 on both sides of the bottom slab 9 of the drainage tunnel 8. The vertical plate of the L-shaped plate abuts against one side wall of the tunnel drainage ditch 10, and the horizontal plate presses against the top surface of one side of the anti-slip mat body 100.

[0053] One end of the 304 bidirectional telescopic stainless steel bolt (telescopic top rod 52) is abutted against the other side wall of the tunnel drainage ditch 10, and the other end is tightened against the L-shaped plate. By adjusting the bolt length, the L-shaped plate firmly presses the anti-slip mat body 100, restricting the displacement of the anti-slip mat body 100 in the width direction of the drainage tunnel 8 floor 9, and providing a clamping force perpendicular to the floor 9. According to the design requirements, multiple L-shaped plates and telescopic top rods 52 are installed at intervals on the side of the anti-slip mat body 100.

[0054] Installation quality inspection: After completing 10 anti-slip mat pieces and splicing them together, use a feeler gauge to check the gap between the convex and concave joints, ensuring that the maximum gap is ≤0.5mm. If the gap exceeds this tolerance, the splicing position needs to be readjusted until the standard is met.

[0055] At the same time, check whether the rubber sealing strip is intact. If it is broken, it needs to be replaced and reassembled to ensure the sealing and connection stability between adjacent anti-slip mat bodies 100.

[0056] III. Spacing and Signage Setup: Interval zone marking: After each standard unit (1200mm anti-slip mat body + 100 + 1000mm interval area) is installed, a steel warning post (40mm in diameter × 80mm in height) is placed in the center of the interval area and sprayed with reflective paint on the top.

[0057] A 50mm wide red warning line is affixed to the edge of the anti-slip mat body 100 on both sides of the interval area to mark the boundary of the interval area and serve as a warning to remind maintenance personnel and vehicles to pay attention to the interval area.

[0058] IV. Overall Inspection and Final Steps: Comprehensive inspection: After the anti-slip device is installed, a comprehensive inspection of the overall installation is conducted, including the flatness of the anti-slip mat body 100, the splicing between each anti-slip mat body 100, the firmness of the side anchoring mechanism 5, and the setting of interval zone markings. Ensure that the entire anti-slip device installation meets design requirements and that all parts function normally.

[0059] Clean up the scene: Clean up the installation site, collect remaining materials and tools, and keep the interior of drainage tunnel 8 clean to prepare for subsequent maintenance work.

[0060] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for preventing slippage of personnel and vehicles during the maintenance of drainage tunnels, characterized in that: include: At least one anti-slip mat body, the anti-slip mat body comprising, from top to bottom, an anti-slip and wear-resistant layer, a buffer bearing layer, and an anchoring bonding layer, wherein the lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer is provided with an anchoring structure that forms an anchoring bond with the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel; the buffer bearing layer is capable of elastic deformation to absorb impact energy when subjected to vehicle or personnel load; the upper surface of the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer is provided with anti-slip texture and multiple drainage grooves; the anti-slip texture is used to enhance the friction coefficient of the upper surface of the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer and to guide accumulated water to the drainage grooves; the drainage grooves are used to drain accumulated water from the upper surface of the anti-slip and wear-resistant layer. as well as A side anchoring mechanism is provided, with one end abutting against the side wall of the drainage tunnel and the other end connecting to the side of the anti-slip mat body to limit the displacement of the anti-slip mat body in the width direction of the drainage tunnel floor and to provide a clamping force perpendicular to the floor of the drainage tunnel to the anti-slip mat body.

2. The anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring structure consists of multiple inverted conical anchoring protrusions spaced apart on the lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer. The diameter of the inverted conical anchoring protrusions gradually decreases from the end closer to the anchoring bonding layer to the end farther away from the anchoring bonding layer. The small end face of the inverted conical anchoring protrusion is provided with annular anti-slip textures or diamond-shaped anti-slip textures.

3. The anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the inverted conical anchoring protrusion is 18~22mm and the height is 10~14mm. Multiple inverted conical anchoring protrusions are arranged in an array at intervals of 28~32mm along the length and width directions of the anti-slip pad body.

4. The anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-slip texture consists of multiple herringbone-shaped anti-slip groove groups, each arranged at intervals along the length of the anti-slip mat body. The spacing between adjacent anti-slip groove groups is 10-20mm. Each anti-slip groove group includes multiple anti-slip grooves spaced apart along the width of the anti-slip mat body. The texture depth of each anti-slip groove is 3-4mm, and the herringbone angle of each anti-slip groove is 55-65°. The drainage groove is a straight groove that runs through the width of the anti-slip mat body. This straight groove is located between adjacent anti-slip grooves and communicates with adjacent anti-slip grooves. Its width is 2-3mm and its depth is greater than 4mm.

5. The anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-slip and wear-resistant layer is a composite of EPDM rubber and silicon carbide particles, wherein the silicon carbide particles account for 15%-20% by mass and have a particle size of 0.3-0.5mm. The buffer bearing layer is an elastomer made of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber blended in a 7:3 mass ratio. The buffer bearing layer is embedded with glass fiber mesh and has uniformly distributed weight-reducing holes. The tensile strength of the buffer bearing layer is ≥15MPa. The anchoring bonding layer is made of polyurethane with a Shore hardness ≥85HD.

6. The anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-slip mat body has splicing parts on both sides of its length direction for docking with adjacent anti-slip mat bodies. The splicing parts include convex and concave parts with complementary shapes. An elastic sealing strip is embedded in the concave part. After the convex and concave parts of adjacent anti-slip mat bodies are fitted together, they are locked and fixed by I-shaped connecting strips and bolts.

7. The anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side anchoring mechanism includes multiple L-shaped plates and multiple telescopic top rods. The L-shaped plates include horizontal plates and vertical plates that are perpendicular to each other and integrally connected. The horizontal plates are used to press against the top surface of one side of the anti-slip mat body, and the vertical plates are used to abut against one side of the bottom plate of the drainage tunnel. One end of the telescopic top rod is used to abut against the side wall of the drainage tunnel.

8. The anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the anti-slip mat body is provided with an identification area, which is used to set the segment number code, position coordinates, installation direction arrow and / or reflective strip.

9. A method for installing an anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel, based on any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Clean the bottom slab of the drainage tunnel and draw longitudinal slope marking lines along the length of the tunnel; Step 2: Place the first anti-slip mat body in the starting position, align one edge of its width direction with the longitudinal slope marking line, and press the anchoring structure on the lower surface of the anchoring bonding layer into the surface of the drainage tunnel floor slab. Step 3: Take the subsequent anti-slip mat body, fit its splicing part with the splicing part of the already installed anti-slip mat body, and lock and fix it with the connector; Step 4: Extend the telescopic top rod of the side anchoring mechanism outward so that its end abuts against the side wall of the drainage tunnel and apply pre-tightening force; Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 until all the anti-slip mats are laid. Step 6: Check the gap at the joint of adjacent anti-slip mat bodies.

10. The installation method of the anti-slip device for personnel and vehicles during the maintenance phase of a drainage tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step two, a rubber hammer is used to evenly tap along the edge of the anti-slip mat body, with a tapping force not exceeding 50N, so that the anchoring structure is completely embedded in the base plate surface, and the gap between the anchoring structure and the base plate is not greater than 1mm; in step three, the connector is an I-shaped connector strip, with both ends of the I-shaped connector strip inserted into the threaded holes on the side of the adjacent anti-slip mat body, and fastened with M4 bolts with a tightening torque of 8N·m; in step six, after every 10 anti-slip mat bodies are spliced, a feeler gauge is used to check the gap at the splice, and the detection standard is that the maximum gap is ≤0.5mm.

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