A partial dry repair construction method for a dock gate lower hinge seat

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of dry construction method of partial maintenance of dock gate lower hinge seat, belong to underwater engineering maintenance technical field.The method includes: installing wind and wave resisting support in the installation area in dock;Customized steel sleeve box is hoisted to the above of maintenance area in dock mouth by using crane ship;Steel sleeve box is adhered to the guide structure of wind and wave resisting support to realize vertical alignment;Steel sleeve box is lowered to maintenance area and makes its bottom end adhere to the bottom surface of dock mouth and the side wall of dock gate pit;Steel sleeve box is fixed with wind and wave resisting support, and wind and wave resisting strut between the side wall of dock gate pit and steel sleeve box is fixed;Start submersible pump to drain water in steel sleeve box to form dry construction environment;Work personnel enters steel sleeve box to implement maintenance to dock gate lower hinge seat.The method can stably build dry operation space under complex hydrological conditions, steel sleeve box is accurate in position, strong in wind and wave resisting performance, construction is safe and efficient, positioning precision is high, can effectively guarantee the maintenance quality and operation safety of dock gate lower hinge seat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underwater engineering maintenance technology, and in particular relates to a local dry maintenance construction method for the lower hinge seat of a dock gate. Background Technology

[0002] The maintenance of large hydraulic steel structures (such as dock gate hinges, gate supports, and offshore platform nodes) located in deep-sea or complex hydrological environments (e.g., large tidal ranges, strong wave action) has always been a technical challenge in the port and waterway engineering field. As a key load-bearing component for the opening and closing of dock gates, the dock gate hinges are constantly exposed to seawater immersion, reciprocating impacts, and corrosion, making them prone to rust, loosening, and concrete damage. This directly affects the gate's watertightness and the safe operation of the dock, necessitating efficient and reliable maintenance techniques.

[0003] Currently, conventional maintenance of dock gate hinge seats mainly employs three methods: First, the overall drainage maintenance method, which requires completely emptying the dock to create a dry environment. While this ensures construction quality, it results in a complete shutdown of the dock, a long drainage cycle, high costs, and impacts structural and environmental stability. Second, traditional underwater wet operations, relying on divers for underwater cutting, welding, and installation, suffer from drawbacks such as poor visibility, low positioning accuracy, unstable welding quality, high safety risks, and low work efficiency, making it difficult to meet high-precision assembly requirements. Third, the simple temporary cofferdam method, using sandbags, sheet piles, etc., to construct water-retaining structures, suffers from poor water-stopping reliability, weak water pressure resistance, unstable working environment, and is only suitable for shallow water and low water pressure conditions. None of these methods can simultaneously achieve the maintenance goals of high precision, high quality, high efficiency, low risk, and low cost.

[0004] To address this, existing technology discloses a maintenance device and construction method for a dock gate lower hinge support (publication number CN121247024A). This scheme uses a submersible barge to carry a tower and boom, which drives the watertight enclosure to be lowered into position, creating a dry working space through drainage. However, this technology has significant shortcomings: the submersible barge relies on its own ballast to submerge, and is rigidly connected to the tower and boom while carrying the watertight enclosure for simultaneous lowering. The submersible barge's attitude is difficult to maintain during the submersion process, resulting in limited underwater positioning accuracy of the watertight enclosure. The bottom sealing surface does not fit evenly with the dock sill, dock gate wall, and base surface, and leakage is prone to occur at weak sealing points. At the same time, the stable submersible barge's submersion requires stringent sea conditions, resulting in a short construction window. The above-water connection operation between the watertight enclosure and the submersible barge also depends on good sea conditions. Under adverse hydrological conditions, the operation is difficult and unsafe, making it unsuitable for complex environments such as deep sea, large tidal range, and strong waves. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0006] Therefore, one aspect of this application proposes a method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of a dock gate, comprising: S1. Install the anti-wind and wave support on the corresponding installation area inside the dock; S2. A crane vessel will be used to lift the customized steel casing to the designated maintenance area above the dock. S3. The steel casing is attached to the guide structure near the outside of the dock by the crane ship, so that the steel casing is vertically aligned with the maintenance area. S4. The steel casing is smoothly lowered into the maintenance area by the crane ship, so that the bottom circumferential of the steel casing is aligned with the edge of the maintenance area and fits against the bottom surface of the dock and the side wall of the dock gate. S5. Fix the steel casing to the wave-resistant support, and fix the wave-resistant struts set between the side wall of the dock pit and the bottom side wall of the steel casing. S6. Start the submersible pump inside the steel casing to drain the water inside the steel casing, so that the lower hinge seat to be repaired is exposed and a dry construction environment is created. S7. Workers enter the steel casing to carry out maintenance work on the lower hinge seat of the dock gate.

[0007] In this technical solution, the method involves first installing wave-resistant supports inside the dock. At this point, the dock is unaffected by external wind and waves, allowing for high-precision positioning and installation of the wave-resistant supports in a stable or even dry environment. Subsequently, the steel caisson is lowered and positioned under the precise guidance of the wave-resistant supports. This effectively reduces the disturbance of external wind, waves, and water flow to the installation process of the steel caisson, enabling it to be placed smoothly and accurately in the maintenance area, significantly improving the positioning accuracy and construction stability of the steel caisson installation.

[0008] In some embodiments, installing the wave-resistant support frame on the corresponding installation area within the dock includes: S11. Close the dock door and assess the environmental conditions inside the dock; S12. When the dock is a wet environment with water, a temporary cofferdam is set up in the dock, with one side of the temporary cofferdam close to the dock gate, and together with the dock gate, they enclose the processing space surrounding the installation area. S13. Place the submersible pump in the treatment space, pump out the water in the treatment space, expose the installation area and create a dry construction environment. S14. Hoist the wave-resistant support frame into the processing space and fix it in the installation area; S15. Remove the temporary cofferdam and open the dock gate.

[0009] In the technical solution, this method provides an installation method for anti-wave supports suitable for water conditions in the dock, enabling normal construction regardless of whether the dock is in a water-filled or dry state, without affecting normal operations within the dock. When there is water in the dock, a small-scale enclosed treatment space is formed by using a temporary cofferdam and dock gate. Since there is no wind or wave disturbance within the dock, the temporary cofferdam structure is stable, and the enclosed space is small, allowing for rapid pumping out of the water to form a dry working surface. This achieves high-precision installation of the anti-wave supports, significantly shortens the construction period, and efficiently completes the deployment of the anti-wave supports.

[0010] In some embodiments, the steel casing has a vertically arranged channel rail on the side wall near the inside of the dock; the top of the wave-resistant support is provided with a cantilevered frame extending horizontally out of the dock, and the guiding structure is a guide roller detachably installed on the cantilevered frame; the bottom end of the steel casing is connected to an inner support seat via a fastening screw on the side near the inside of the dock. When performing step S3, the crane vessel lowers the steel casing to a preset height, so that the inner support seat is lower than the cantilever frame; the crane vessel moves the steel casing towards the wind and wave resistant support, so that the guide rollers are aligned and enter the groove rail; When performing step S4, the crane ship lowers the steel casing. The steel casing is guided to descend vertically by the cooperation of the guide rollers and the groove rail, so that part of the bottom of the steel casing lands on the top surface of the dock threshold and the other part lands on the side wall of the dock gate pit. The inner support seat moves to the dock threshold near the inside of the dock. When performing step S5, the fastening screw is tightened synchronously to press the inner support seat tightly against the side wall of the dock threshold.

[0011] In this technical solution, the method utilizes the rolling cooperation between the channel rail and the guide roller to avoid hard contact friction and structural wear between the wave-resistant support and the steel casing. Simultaneously, it constrains the steel casing from longitudinal displacement parallel to the roller axis. Combined with the crane vessel's adjustment to keep the roller within the channel rail, it provides lateral constraint on the steel casing, thus ensuring stability in both the lateral and longitudinal directions and maintaining precise alignment with the maintenance area during lowering. Furthermore, the cooperation between the inner support seat and the fastening screw ensures that the inner side of the steel casing is pressed tightly against the dock sill sidewall after positioning, further enhancing the stability and sealing of the steel casing installation and ensuring accurate and reliable underwater positioning.

[0012] In some embodiments, the wave-resistant strut includes a telescopic rod and a top rod threaded to one end of the telescopic rod; When performing step S3, one end of the anti-wind and wave support rod is hinged to the side wall of the dock gate pit, and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the bottom of the steel casing near the outside of the dock. When performing step S4, the anti-wind and wave support rod swings downward to the horizontal in sync with the descent of the steel casing, and extends and retracts. When performing step S5, a diver underwater welds and fixes the outer tube and inner tube of the telescopic rod, and rotates the top rod to make the anti-wind and wave support rod press against the bottom of the steel casing.

[0013] In this technical solution, the method utilizes swingable and retractable wave-resistant struts to effectively constrain the steel caisson during its lowering process, ensuring it remains in close contact with the wave-resistant support. The support provides stable guidance, preventing the caisson from shifting or swaying. Furthermore, the connection between the wave-resistant struts and the steel caisson is completed above water, which is simpler, safer, and more efficient than a fully underwater connection. During the strut fixing phase, only underwater welding of the inner and outer tubes of the telescopic struts is required, followed by rotating the top rod to tighten it. No high-precision underwater operations are needed, making the overall construction convenient and reliable, and significantly improving the wave resistance and overall structural stability of the steel caisson.

[0014] In some embodiments, the steel enclosure includes a housing and a sealed compartment located around the bottom perimeter of the housing; the housing has a vertically penetrating working well, and the submersible pump is located inside the working well; the sealed compartment has an assembly port at the top and an open bottom; both the housing and the sealed compartment have sealing structures around their bottom circumference. When performing step S4, the sealing structure is pressed tightly against the bottom surface of the dock entrance and the side wall of the dock gate pit; When performing step S6, after the dry construction environment is formed, the submersible pump is stopped, the liquid level in the working well is detected and recorded as the first liquid level; after a set time, the liquid level in the working well is detected again and recorded as the second liquid level; the liquid level difference between the first liquid level and the second liquid level is calculated, and it is determined whether the liquid level difference exceeds the set threshold; when the liquid level difference exceeds the set threshold, concrete is poured into the sealed chamber through the assembly port, and after the concrete fills the sealed chamber, a grouting plate is installed at the assembly port.

[0015] In the technical solution, the method is designed to form two sealing structures at the bottom edge of the box and the bottom edge of the sealed chamber, which greatly improves the overall sealing performance of the steel box. When the sealing effect still does not meet the requirements, secondary sealing reinforcement can be carried out by pouring concrete into the sealed chamber, which effectively improves the safety redundancy of the sealing system, ensures the stability and reliability of the dry construction environment required for maintenance, and ensures the smooth progress of underwater maintenance operations.

[0016] In some embodiments, the set threshold is less than the height difference between the top and bottom of the sealed space between the inner wall of the bottom of the tank and the side wall of the dock pit; the volume of the sealed space at the set threshold height is calculated, and the volume is divided by the drainage capacity of the submersible pump to obtain the set duration.

[0017] In the technical solution, the method is designed to quantify and determine the monitoring time and leakage threshold based on the volume of the sealed space and the drainage capacity of the submersible pump, making the leakage judgment standard more scientific, objective and in line with the actual construction, effectively avoiding the errors caused by manual judgment, and can truly reflect the sealing status of the steel casing, providing an accurate and reliable judgment basis for the start of the concrete sealing and reinforcement process, and further ensuring the stability and controllability of the dry construction environment.

[0018] In some embodiments, the top surface of the dock threshold extends into the maintenance area near the outside of the dock. The maintenance work performed on the lower hinge seat of the dock gate in step S7 includes: S71. Remove the old lower hinge seat from the dock platform and measure the fixed position of the old embedded plate with reference to the benchmark point on the top surface of the dock threshold. S72. Remove the concrete around the old embedded plate until the steel mesh is exposed, and cut off the exposed parts of the old embedded plate and old embedded bolts. S73. Clean and remove the work surface, and mark the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt on the work surface; S74. Using the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt as a reference, drill the pre-embedded hole vertically. S75. Assemble the new embedded plate and the new embedded bolts, hoist the new embedded plate to the fixed position so that the new embedded bolts can be installed in the embedded holes, and adjust the attitude of the new embedded plate in the longitudinal, transverse and height directions based on the reference point. S76. Inject grout into the pre-embedded hole and the gap at the bottom of the new pre-embedded plate. After the grout has been initially cured, install the new lower hinge seat. Use the top surface of the dock threshold as a reference to check the position of the new lower hinge seat and initially tighten the fixing nut. After the grout reaches the design strength, tighten the fixing nut according to the design preload.

[0019] In the technical solution, the method is designed to enclose part of the dock sill with a steel casing, and directly use the top surface of the dock sill as a reference point for maintenance positioning. This eliminates the need to convert the external reference point to the inside of the steel casing twice, fundamentally avoiding the positional deviation caused by multiple conversions. It can stably improve the positioning accuracy of hinge seat maintenance to the millimeter level, and greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of maintenance and installation.

[0020] In some embodiments, step S73, marking the center point of the newly embedded bolt on the working surface, includes: S731. Positioning holes are made on the positioning plate according to the preset design position, and the external dimensions of the positioning plate are consistent with the new embedded plate; S732. Place the positioning plate on the working surface and adjust its planar position so that the positioning plate is vertically aligned with the preset installation position; S733. Mark the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt on the working surface through the positioning holes on the positioning plate.

[0021] In the technical solution, the method uses a positioning plate with the same outer dimensions as the new embedded plate for point marking, which can ensure that the positioning plate and the new embedded plate are accurately matched one to one, eliminating the deviation of the layout size from the source; in conjunction with the preset positioning hole marking bolt center on the positioning plate, it can ensure that the drilling position corresponds completely with the installation hole position of the embedded plate, significantly improving the pre-embedded positioning accuracy and providing a reliable guarantee for the subsequent millimeter-level hinge seat installation.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a dry repair construction method for the lower hinge seat of a dock gate according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a construction diagram illustrating the installation using a crane vessel in the partial dry repair construction method for the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the dry repair method for the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the dry repair method for the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the construction process of the dry repair method for the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the installation of wave-resistant supports in the partial dry repair construction method for the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to the embodiments of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating the maintenance work performed on the lower hinge seat of the dock gate in the local dry maintenance construction method according to the embodiments of this application.

[0024] In the picture: 10. Inside the dock; 20. Outside the dock; 30. Dock entrance; 40. Dock threshold; 50. Dock entrance platform; 60. Dock gate pit; 70. Marble facade; 100. Crane ship; 1. Anti-wind and wave support; 11. Cantilever frame; 101. Guiding structure; 2. Steel casing; 21. Casing; 22. Sealed chamber; 23. Inner support seat; 201. Channel rail; 202. Fastening screw; 3. Sealing structure; 4. Anti-wind and wave strut; 41. Telescopic rod; 42. Top rod. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0026] In this application's embodiments, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish different descriptive objects and do not limit the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the described objects. Furthermore, in the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or," for example, A / B can mean A or B; the term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0028] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system.

[0029] It should be noted that the dock is a hydraulic structure used for shipbuilding and repair, and is divided into two sides: the inner dock (10) and the outer dock (20). The inner dock (10) is the area for ship operations, and the outer dock (20) is the open sea area. The dock end is the dock opening (30), which connects the inner dock (10) and the outer dock (20). The dock threshold (40) is a structure with an upward-protruding bottom surface of the dock opening (30). A dock platform (50) is formed on the bottom surface of the dock opening (30) on the side of the dock threshold (40) closest to the outer dock (20). The facade of the dock threshold (40) closest to the outer dock (20) is constructed of marble. When the dock gate is closed, this marble facade (70) fits tightly against the dock gate to achieve a watertight seal. A lower hinge seat is pre-embedded on the dock platform (50) as a rotating support component for the dock gate. The outer dock (20) has a dock gate pit (60), adjacent to the dock opening (30), providing working space for the dock gate to be lowered, rotated, and inspected. The dock gate rotates around its hinge axis via the lower hinge seat, thus opening and closing the dock opening (30).

[0030] The lower hinge seat is the core rotating support structure at the bottom of the dock gate. It bears the weight of the dock gate itself, water flow impact, seawater corrosion, and alternating loads from frequent opening and closing over long periods. This makes it prone to wear, corrosion, and cracking of the hinge seat body, deformation of the hinge shaft hole, and increased clearance. Simultaneously, the pre-embedded plates and bolts inside the dock platform 50 serve as the fixing foundation for the lower hinge seat. During long-term service, these can also experience problems such as loosening and corrosion of the pre-embedded bolts, deformation of the pre-embedded plates, cracking and spalling of the base concrete, and installation misalignment. All of these issues can lead to incomplete closure, water leakage, jamming during opening and closing, or even complete malfunction of the dock gate, requiring timely repair or replacement.

[0031] In existing technologies, conventional maintenance methods for dock gate hinge seats are mainly divided into three categories: First, overall drainage maintenance, which involves draining the entire dock area to create a dry construction environment. Although this can ensure basic construction conditions, it will cause the dock to shut down completely, with a long drainage cycle, high overall cost, and is also likely to have an adverse impact on the dock structure and the surrounding water environment. Second, conventional underwater wet operation, which relies entirely on divers to carry out underwater cutting, welding, assembly and other processes. It is constrained by factors such as insufficient underwater visibility, water flow disturbance, and limited operating space, resulting in poor installation positioning accuracy, unstable welding quality, high construction safety risks, and low work efficiency, and cannot meet the construction requirements for high-precision assembly of hinge seats. Third, simple temporary cofferdam construction, which often uses sandbags, simple steel sheet piles and other components to build a temporary water-retaining system. The overall structural strength is insufficient, the water-stopping and sealing performance is weak, the resistance to water pressure and water flow impact is limited, the stability of the working environment is poor, and it can only be adapted to simple working conditions such as shallow water, low water pressure, and stable hydrology, which greatly limits its applicability. In summary, none of the three traditional maintenance methods can simultaneously meet the multiple requirements of construction accuracy, work quality, construction efficiency, safety control, and cost, resulting in poor overall application effects.

[0032] To this end, a maintenance device and construction method for a dock gate hinge support have been disclosed in the prior art (publication number CN121247024A). This solution utilizes a submersible barge to carry a tower and telescopic boom structure, suspends and carries a watertight enclosure to complete underwater sinking and positioning, and constructs a closed dry working area by partially draining the inside of the enclosure, thereby realizing dry maintenance of the underwater hinge support. However, the inherent defects in the structural design and construction logic of this scheme have led to numerous technical shortcomings in practical applications: The scheme achieves overall submersion by adjusting the ballast of the submersible barge itself, and the watertight enclosure is rigidly connected to the submersible barge through the tower and boom, sinking synchronously with the hull. The submersible barge is easily affected by water flow, waves, and ballast adjustment deviations during the submersible barge's submersion process, making it difficult to accurately control and maintain the hull's attitude. The force transmission characteristics of the rigid connection will further amplify the hull's sway and offset, directly causing large underwater alignment deviations and insufficient positioning accuracy of the watertight enclosure. Furthermore, due to the insufficient positioning accuracy of the watertight enclosure, the bottom sealing structure of the watertight enclosure cannot achieve uniform contact with the bottom surface of the dock, resulting in uneven stress on the sealing contact surface and significant differences in the contact gap. Weak sealing areas are prone to continuous leakage, greatly reducing the stability of the dry working space. Meanwhile, the controlled descent of the submersible barge is highly dependent on external sea conditions and hydrological conditions, and can only be carried out during limited periods of low swells, small tidal ranges, and gentle currents. The effective operating window is narrow and the construction timeliness is poor. In addition, the above-water assembly and rigid connection process between the watertight enclosure and the submersible barge also requires a stable water environment as a basis. Under complex sea conditions such as large waves, strong currents, and large tidal ranges, the assembly operation becomes much more difficult, the construction safety hazards are prominent, and the overall equipment adaptability and working condition adaptability are poor, making it difficult to be widely used for dock gate hinge seat maintenance operations in complex water environments.

[0033] To address the above issues, this application provides a method for localized dry repair of the lower hinge seat of a dock gate.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a local dry repair method for the lower hinge seat of a dock gantry provided in this embodiment. The method includes the following steps.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, S1, install the anti-wind and wave support 1 on the installation area corresponding to 10 inside the dock.

[0036] like Figure 6 As shown in one embodiment of this application, the installation of the anti-wind and wave support 1 on the corresponding installation area within the dock 10 includes: S11. Close the dock door and assess the environmental conditions inside the dock; S12. When the dock 10 is a wet environment with water, a temporary cofferdam is set up in the dock 10, so that one side of the temporary cofferdam is close to the dock gate and together with the dock gate, it forms a processing space that surrounds the installation area. S13. Place the submersible pump in the treatment space, pump out the water in the treatment space, expose the installation area and create a dry construction environment. S14. Hoist the wave-resistant support 1 into the processing space and fix it in the installation area; S15. Remove the temporary cofferdam and open the dock gate.

[0037] It should be noted that the dock gate is closed first to completely isolate the dock 10 from the outside 20, effectively blocking the disturbance of wind, waves and water flow outside the dock to the dock area, and ensuring that the dock 10 is in a stable and wave-free environment.

[0038] When assessing the environmental conditions inside the dock, if the water in Dock 10 has been completely drained, the installation area becomes a dry working environment, allowing for the installation of the wave-resistant support 1 using conventional methods. Specifically, due to the long overall drainage cycle inside Dock 10, the dock gate is usually in a closed state beforehand, maintaining a stable environment of no water, no wind, and no waves. Under these conditions, the installation of the wave-resistant support 1, relying on the dry working conditions and the stable, undisturbed working conditions inside Dock 10, requires no special protection or adaptable tooling, and can be carried out directly using conventional construction methods. The installation operation is simple and efficient. At the same time, the absence of wind and waves and the stable environmental conditions enable precise positioning and secure installation of the wave-resistant support 1, providing a high-precision installation benchmark for the subsequent alignment, lowering, and assembly of the steel casing 2, ensuring the orderly and reliable progress of the overall construction process.

[0039] When assessing the environmental conditions inside the dock, if the environment inside the dock is a wet environment with water, a temporary cofferdam combined with local drainage will be used to isolate and transform the installation area of ​​the support into a dry working space.

[0040] Temporary cofferdams mostly adopt modular prefabricated steel plate cofferdam structures, which are assembled from multiple standard steel plate enclosures, transverse back braces, reinforcing diagonal braces, and bottom water-stop strips. The overall structure is lightweight, easy to assemble and disassemble, and has strong airtightness. It can be flexibly spliced ​​and enclosed according to the size of the site area.

[0041] Since the wave-resistant support 1 serves as the support and guide component for the steel casing 2, and the steel casing 2 needs to be erected at the dock entrance 30 for maintenance of the lower hinge seat, the installation area of ​​the support is located adjacent to the dock entrance 30. Utilizing the solid water-blocking condition after the dock gate is closed, the temporary cofferdam directly adheres to the dock gate panel on one side for sealing and abutment, forming a single-sided opening enclosure. The opening end is sealed off by the dock gate body, eliminating the need for additional sealing components and significantly reducing the cofferdam's construction volume and material consumption.

[0042] Subsequently, the partially enclosed space (i.e., the treatment space) formed by the cofferdam and the dock gate is pumped out. This isolation area is small and has a limited volume, much smaller than the water volume of the entire dock, which can quickly drain and dry the site. The installation area can be converted to a dry working condition in a short time without adding extra time to the total maintenance period.

[0043] After partial drainage is completed, the installation area is isolated from water and wave disturbances. The standardized installation of the wave-resistant support 1 can still be completed using conventional techniques. The construction operation is simple and efficient, while ensuring component positioning accuracy and installation stability, providing a stable benchmark for the subsequent precise placement of the steel casing 2. Once the wave-resistant support 1 is installed, the temporary cofferdam can be dismantled and removed, quickly restoring the original water environment within the dock without affecting the original working conditions of the dock.

[0044] During the daily operation of the dock, the dock space 10 will alternate between dry and water-filled states depending on production needs. This solution can be adapted to both water-filled and waterless conditions in the dock space 10 for flexible construction, without the need for long-term occupation of the dock or complete drainage shutdown, effectively avoiding interference with normal dock operations during maintenance and construction, and has stronger construction adaptability and practicality.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure S2, the customized steel casing 2 is lifted by the crane vessel 100 to the designated maintenance area above the dock 30.

[0046] It should be noted that the steel casing 2 is a closed steel structure box 21 that is custom-made to adapt to the special maintenance conditions of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate. The whole is made of thickened steel plate and welded together. The overall structure has high rigidity, strong pressure bearing capacity, and excellent water pressure resistance, and has excellent structural integrity and overall water tightness.

[0047] The overall dimensions of the steel casing 2 are customized and matched according to the actual structural parameters of the dock 30. Its bottom contour can be precisely adapted to the shape of the dock sill 40, the marble facade 70 of the dock sill 40, the side wall of the dock pit 60 and the dock platform 50, and can completely cover and cover the lower hinge seat and the maintenance area around it.

[0048] The bottom of the steel casing 2 is usually equipped with a sealing structure 3, which can flexibly fit with the top surface of the dock threshold 40, the marble facade 70, the surface of the dock platform 50, and the side wall of the dock pit 60, adapting to slight height differences and structural deformations of the contact surfaces, and effectively sealing the gaps at the bottom and sides of the casing 21.

[0049] The sealing structure 3 is composed of a rubber sealing strip and an expansion sealing strip. The rubber sealing strip is located on the inner circumference, and the expansion sealing strip is located on the outer circumference. The expansion sealing strip expands on its own when it comes into contact with water, further compacting and fitting the interface and filling the tiny gaps, thus continuously ensuring the water-stopping and sealing effect.

[0050] The steel casing 2 has a through-type working well inside. The top of the working well is open to the top, forming a passageway for personnel, tools and maintenance materials to enter and exit. The bottom of the working well is open to the bottom. After the steel casing 2 is in place and closed, and the lower hinge seat and the corresponding maintenance area are completely covered, the lower hinge seat and the surrounding auxiliary structures are located inside the closed space of the working well. The entire process of dry maintenance of the lower hinge seat can be completed by relying on the independently isolated working well space.

[0051] After the steel casing 2 is custom-made, it is usually laid flat and stored in the dock area. During operation, the crane vessel 100 lifts the steel casing 2 as a whole at the dock, first adjusts the posture of the components to an upright position, and then smoothly lifts it to the position directly above the maintenance area to be repaired.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, S3, the steel casing 2 is attached to the guide structure 101 on the side of the anti-wind and wave support 1 near the dock 20 via the crane vessel 100, so that the steel casing 2 is vertically aligned with the maintenance area.

[0053] It should be noted that the anti-wave support 1 was precisely installed in a dry and stable environment within the dock, ensuring reliable positioning accuracy. After the steel casing 2 was lowered and abutted against the anti-wave support 1, the limiting constraints and reference guidance provided by the anti-wave support 1 ensured that the steel casing 2 was precisely aligned vertically and coaxially with the maintenance area below, guaranteeing the overall positioning accuracy of the steel casing 2.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown in step S4, the crane vessel 100 smoothly lowers the steel casing 2 into the maintenance area, aligning the bottom circumferential of the steel casing 2 with the edge of the maintenance area and fitting it against the bottom surface of the dock opening 30 and the side wall of the dock gate pit 60.

[0055] It should be noted that throughout the entire process of lowering and positioning the steel casing 2, it maintains close contact with the guide structure 101 of the wave-resistant support 1, continuously relying on the guide structure 101 to provide lateral restraint and attitude constraint, ensuring that the steel casing 2 remains precisely aligned with the maintenance area during the lowering process. This achieves the smooth lowering and precise positioning of the steel casing 2, ensuring that the entire bottom contour of the steel casing 2 is precisely aligned with the edge of the maintenance area, and that it fits tightly against the bottom surface of the dock sill 40, the top surface of the marble facade 70, the surface of the dock platform 50, and the side wall of the dock gate pit 60, guaranteeing overall sealing.

[0056] It should be noted that if the dock gate is not removed before the steel casing 2 is lowered, the dock gate will encroach on the space of the dock gate pit 60 and cover the lower hinge seat and the dock platform 50 around it, causing structural interference. This will prevent the steel casing 2 from being lowered to the maintenance area, and its bottom end will not be able to fit tightly against the top surface of the dock threshold 40, the marble facade 70, the surface of the dock platform 50, and the side wall of the dock gate pit 60 on the bottom surface of the dock 30, thus making it impossible to form a dry construction environment.

[0057] Therefore, the dock gate needs to be removed before construction. There are usually two ways to remove the dock gate: First, the connection between the dock gate and the lower hinge seat can be disconnected before step S1, and the dock gate can be lifted off the whole and moved out of the dock opening 30 area, so that the dock opening 30 remains open. Then, the anti-wind and wave support 1 can be installed directly in the open working conditions inside the dock 10. Second, the dock gate can also be removed after the anti-wind and wave support 1 is installed and before step S2 begins. That is, after the anti-wind and wave support 1 is installed in the dock gate closed state, the dock gate is opened and laid down. The crane ship is used to lift the dock gate to disconnect the hinge connection between the dock gate and the lower hinge seat. Then, the crane ship lifts the dock gate off the dock gate pit 60 and transports it to the dock or a designated area for temporary storage, so that an unobstructed open lowering space is formed inside the dock gate pit 60. At the same time, the lower hinge seat and the dock opening platform 50 and the side wall of the dock gate pit 60 are completely exposed, eliminating the space occupation and structural obstruction of the maintenance area by the dock gate body, and providing interference-free operation conditions for the subsequent lowering and placement of the steel casing 2. After the dock gate is removed, there is no space occupied by the reclining dock gate in the dock gate pit 60. The steel casing 2 can be directly lowered to the preset maintenance position and fully fits the top surface of the dock threshold 40, the marble facade 70, the surface of the dock entrance platform 50, and the side wall of the dock gate pit 60. This solves the problem of positional interference between the reclining dock gate and the steel casing 2, ensuring that the steel casing 2 is successfully lowered into place and a closed dry construction environment is created.

[0058] like Figure 5 As shown, S5, the steel casing 2 is fixedly connected to the wave-resistant support 1, and the wave-resistant strut 4, which is set between the side wall of the dock 60 and the bottom side wall of the steel casing 2, is fixed.

[0059] It should be noted that after the steel casing 2 is in place, it is generally fixed to the wave-resistant support 1 by welding or bolting. The matching wave-resistant support rod 4 is arranged horizontally, with one end fixedly connected to the side wall of the dock gate pit 60 away from the dock opening 30, and the other end extending horizontally towards the inside of the dock 10 and firmly connected to the bottom side wall of the steel casing 2.

[0060] The anti-wave strut 4 and the anti-wave bracket 1 are respectively located on both sides of the steel casing 2, forming a two-way horizontal support constraint on the steel casing 2 from outside the dock 20 and inside the dock 10, respectively. They work together to limit the movement and balance the force, effectively restricting the steel casing 2 from shifting, tilting and shaking, so that the steel casing 2 can maintain a stable and upright installation posture.

[0061] like Figure 4As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the steel casing 2 has a vertically arranged channel rail 201 on the side wall near the dock 10; the top of the anti-wind and wave support 1 is provided with a cantilever frame 11 extending horizontally outward from the dock 20, and the guide structure 101 is a guide roller detachably installed on the cantilever frame 11; the bottom end of the steel casing 2 is connected to an inner support seat 23 near the dock 10 via a fastening screw 202; When performing step S3, the crane vessel 100 lowers the steel casing 2 to a preset height, so that the inner support seat 23 is lower than the cantilever frame 11; the crane vessel 100 drives the steel casing 2 to move horizontally towards the wind and wave resistant support 1, so that the guide roller is aligned and enters the groove rail 201; When performing step S4, the crane vessel 100 lowers the steel casing 2. The steel casing 2 is guided to descend vertically by the cooperation of the guide roller and the trough rail 201, so that part of the bottom of the steel casing 2 falls on the top surface of the dock threshold 40 and the other part falls on the side wall of the dock gate pit 60. The inner support seat 23 moves to the side of the dock threshold 40 near the dock 10. When performing step S5, the fastening screw 202 is tightened synchronously, so that the inner support seat 23 is pressed against the side wall of the dock threshold 40.

[0062] It should be noted that the dock sill 40 at the dock entrance 30 protrudes upwards relative to the bottom surface of the dock interior 10. If the wave-resistant support 1 is directly installed at the dock sill 40, the uneven support foundation and uneven stress will result in insufficient overall stability and reduced positioning accuracy of the support. Therefore, the wave-resistant support 1 is installed entirely on the flat bottom surface of the dock interior 10 to ensure a flat and stable support foundation. Due to this arrangement, the main structure of the wave-resistant support 1 will be relatively far from the dock entrance 30 area. Therefore, a cantilever frame 11 is provided to extend outwards to the space above the dock sill 40 to guide contact with the steel casing 2 and complete the subsequent fixed connection with the steel casing 2.

[0063] The channel rail 201 is arranged vertically, preferably with a U-shaped cross-section, and the open side faces the wind and wave resistant support 1. The guide roller is equipped with a wheel seat, which is fixedly assembled to the cantilever frame 11 by bolts or other detachable connection structures. The vertically arranged channel rail 201 also serves as a reinforcing rib, which can effectively improve the overall structural strength of the steel casing 2 and enhance the ability of the casing 21 to resist wind, waves and water pressure loads.

[0064] When the steel sleeve 2 is against the guide structure 101, the guide rollers simultaneously engage inside the groove rail 201. Relying on the limiting effect of the side walls of the groove rail 201, the fixed guide rollers can form a horizontal constraint in the longitudinal direction, which is perpendicular to the transverse direction from inside the dock 10 to outside the dock 20. This ensures that the steel sleeve 2 is precisely vertically aligned with the maintenance area in the longitudinal direction. In the transverse direction from inside the dock 10 to outside the dock 20, by adjusting the displacement of the crane vessel 100 or the attitude of the boom, the rollers are kept inside the groove rail 201 and do not disengage, thus achieving transverse alignment calibration. Through the coordinated action of longitudinal and transverse bidirectional horizontal limiting, the alignment accuracy of the steel sleeve 2 is comprehensively guaranteed, allowing it to fall smoothly and accurately into the maintenance area.

[0065] During the entire lowering process of the steel casing 2, the guide rollers roll along the inner wall of the channel rail 201, which can significantly reduce the sliding friction resistance between components, avoid hard friction and impact damage to the casing 21 structure, and effectively protect the structural integrity of the steel casing 2. After the steel casing 2 is fully lowered into place, the guiding and limiting function is no longer needed, and the guide rollers can be removed from the cantilever frame 11, so that a reserved gap is formed between the cantilever frame 11 and the outer wall of the steel casing 2. Then, within this gap, a matching size connector is assembled. One end of the connector is locked to the cantilever frame 11 by bolts, and the other end is fixed to the channel rail 201 by bolts or welding, thereby achieving a reliable rigid connection between the steel casing 2 and the wind and wave resistant support 1.

[0066] The screw end of the fastening screw 202 is fixedly installed on the inner support seat 23. A sleeve structure is correspondingly provided on the side wall of the steel sleeve box 2. The screw passes through the sleeve and extends into the interior of the steel sleeve box 2, forming a threaded connection with the nut of the fastening screw 202 inside the steel sleeve box 2. Since the inner support seat 23 has a horizontally convex structure relative to the side wall of the steel sleeve box 2, in order to prevent spatial interference of the inner support seat 23 during the lowering process and to prevent the steel sleeve box 2 from falling normally, in step S3, the inner support seat 23 needs to be lowered to a height below the bottom surface of the cantilever frame 11 in advance. Correspondingly, the channel rail 201 extends only from the top of the steel sleeve box 2 to the middle position of the box body 21, further avoiding structural interference with the inner support seat 23 and ensuring that the lowering process is carried out smoothly.

[0067] In the initial assembly state, the nut is screwed onto the end of the screw rod away from the inner support seat 23, at which point the distance between the inner support seat 23 and the steel sleeve box 2 reaches its maximum. During the process of the steel sleeve box 2 abutting against the wind and wave-resistant support 1 and completing the vertical alignment of the maintenance area, the inner support seat 23 is simultaneously suspended directly above the dock sill 40 and close to the side of the dock interior 10. This effectively prevents the inner support seat 23 from pressing against the surface of the dock sill 40, thus preventing obstruction of the complete sealing of the bottom edge of the steel sleeve box 2 with the surrounding structure of the maintenance area.

[0068] After the steel casing 2 is fully in place, while connecting the steel casing 2 to the wave-resistant support 1 and assembling and fixing the wave-resistant struts 4, the adjusting nut is rotated to drive the screw rod to move axially using threaded transmission. This causes the inner support seat 23 to gradually approach the steel casing 2 and press tightly against the side wall of the dock sill 40. On the one hand, the lateral displacement of the steel casing 2 is further constrained by the top-and-bottom cooperation between the inner support seat 23 and the dock sill 40, locking the lateral position of the casing 21. On the other hand, the wave-resistant struts 4 can be tensioned and tightened simultaneously, eliminating gaps and looseness in the strut assembly, continuously strengthening the horizontal support effect of the wave-resistant struts 4, and improving the overall stability and anti-overturning and anti-swaying capabilities of the entire support system.

[0069] like Figures 4 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the anti-wind and wave support rod 4 includes a telescopic rod 41 and a top rod 42 threadedly connected to one end of the telescopic rod 41; When performing step S3, one end of the anti-wind and wave support rod 4 is hinged to the side wall of the dock gate pit 60, and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the bottom of the steel casing 2 near the dock outside 20. When step S4 is executed, the anti-wind and wave support rod 4 swings downward to the horizontal in sync with the steel casing 2 as it descends, and then extends and retracts. When performing step S5, a diver underwater welds and fixes the outer tube and inner tube of the telescopic rod 41, and rotates the top rod 42 to make the anti-wind and wave support rod 4 press against the bottom of the steel casing 2.

[0070] It should be noted that the telescopic rod 41 is composed of an outer tube and an inner tube. The inner tube is nested inside the outer tube. Under the radial constraint of the outer tube, the inner tube can slide and extend axially, realizing flexible adjustment of the overall length. The end of the telescopic rod 41 is provided with a threaded hole. One end of the push rod 42 is screwed into the threaded hole to complete the detachable connection between the push rod 42 and the telescopic rod 41. The other end of the push rod 42 is integrally provided with a ball head. The ball head is matched with a connecting seat. The ball head and the connecting seat together form a ball joint structure, which allows the push rod 42 to rotate around its own axis and swing in small amplitudes at multiple angles, with multi-directional adaptive adjustment capability.

[0071] When the steel casing 2 is attached to the wave-resistant support 1, one end of the wave-resistant strut 4 is first hinged and fixed to the side wall of the dock 60, and then the connecting seat of the other end is fixed to the side wall of the steel casing 2. In this initial assembly state, the wave-resistant strut 4 is relatively long and is arranged at an upward angle relative to the horizontal plane; under its own weight, the wave-resistant strut 4 will generate horizontal and vertical components, of which the horizontal component acts continuously on the outer wall of the steel casing 2 in the direction of the dock 10.

[0072] During the vertical lowering process of the steel casing 2, the horizontal component force ensures that the steel casing 2 remains in close contact with the guide structure 101 of the anti-wind and wave support 1, preventing it from falling out of the limit position. This ensures that the steel casing 2 is constrained and limited by the guide structure 101 throughout the entire lowering and moving process, maintaining a stable vertical posture and accurately aligning with the maintenance area below.

[0073] As the steel casing 2 is gradually lowered into place, the wave-resistant support rod 4 slowly swings downwards. Simultaneously, the inner and outer tubes of the telescopic rod 41 slide relative to each other, adaptively shortening the overall length to adapt to changes in installation spacing in real time. After the steel casing 2 is completely lowered to the designated position, the outer and inner tubes of the telescopic rod 41 are welded and fixed to lock the telescopic stroke of the telescopic rod 41, keeping its length constant. Simultaneously, the top rod 42 is rotated, and through threaded transmission, the top rod 42 extends outward relative to the telescopic rod 41, thereby forming a tight limit on the steel casing 2, further strengthening the lateral fixing effect of the steel casing 2 and improving the overall assembly stability.

[0074] By employing a swingable and retractable anti-wave support rod 4, leveraging its inherent structural characteristics of adaptive angle swing and axial extension adjustment, the support rod can adapt to changes in tilt angle and installation spacing in real time throughout the entire process of vertically lowering the steel casing 2. Simultaneously, the support rod's self-weight generates a stable and continuous horizontal force, continuously applying lateral restraint to the steel casing 2. This restrains lateral displacement and irregular swaying of the steel casing 2 from a force perspective, ensuring that the steel casing 2 remains tightly fitted to the guide structure of the anti-wave support 1 throughout its lowering and movement. Continuous and stable positioning is achieved entirely through the guide structure, effectively resisting attitude deviations caused by external disturbances such as water flow and waves, and guaranteeing the vertical alignment accuracy of the steel casing 2 with the maintenance area. Furthermore, the initial docking and installation of the anti-wave support rod 4 and the steel casing 2 can be completed in advance in an above-water environment, significantly reducing complex underwater assembly procedures. Compared to traditional fully underwater connection methods, this effectively avoids the risks associated with low underwater visibility, limited operating space, and construction risks. Addressing issues such as high altitude and operational difficulty, this system significantly simplifies the construction process, improves operational safety, and enhances overall construction efficiency. During the support rod fixing stage after the steel casing 2 is in place, only simple underwater welding of the inner and outer tubes of the telescopic rod 41 is required to lock the telescopic length. Then, the threaded feed is completed by rotating the top rod 42 to achieve stable positioning. There is no need for high-precision and high-difficulty underwater fine operations, making construction convenient and the overall connection reliable. Through the synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms such as dynamic force constraint, pre-installation adaptation on water, and simple underwater locking, the system not only ensures the stable operation and positioning accuracy of the steel casing 2 throughout the entire lowering process, but also optimizes and simplifies the on-site construction procedures. Furthermore, through the bidirectional support of the wave-resistant support rod 4 and the tightening and limiting effect of the top rod 42, the overall structural rigidity of the steel casing 2 is comprehensively strengthened, significantly improving the wave and water flow impact resistance of the steel casing 2 after it is in place, and effectively enhancing the structural stability and adaptability of the entire dry-operation enclosure system.

[0075] S6. Start the submersible pump inside the steel casing 2 to drain the water inside the steel casing 2, so that the lower hinge seat to be repaired is exposed and a dry construction environment is created.

[0076] In one embodiment of this application, the steel casing 2 includes a casing 21 and a sealed chamber 22 located around the bottom of the casing 21; the submersible pump is located inside the working well; the top of the sealed chamber 22 is provided with an assembly port, and the bottom is open; both the casing 21 and the sealed chamber 22 are provided with sealing structures 3 around their bottom circumference. When performing step S4, the sealing structure 3 is pressed tightly against the bottom surface of the dock opening 30 and the side wall of the dock gate pit 60; When performing step S6, after the dry construction environment is formed, the submersible pump is stopped, the liquid level in the working well is detected and recorded as the first liquid level; after a set time, the liquid level in the working well is detected again and recorded as the second liquid level; the liquid level difference between the first liquid level and the second liquid level is calculated, and it is determined whether the liquid level difference exceeds the set threshold; when the liquid level difference exceeds the set threshold, concrete is poured into the sealed chamber 22 through the assembly port, and after the concrete fills the sealed chamber 22, a grouting plate is installed at the assembly port.

[0077] It should be noted that the sealed chamber 22 creates a double-layer structure at the bottom of the steel casing 2, with an independent interlayer space defined between the two layers. The double-layer structure results in a heavier bottom, forming a counterweight structure. This gravity helps maintain the upright position of the steel casing 2 during descent, ensuring its stability. The bottom of this interlayer space is open, while the top is closed. A mounting port is also provided at the top of the sealed chamber 22. This port allows air to be expelled from the interlayer space during descent, effectively preventing air from accumulating and causing excessive buoyancy at the bottom of the steel casing 2. This prevents instability and tipping during descent due to buoyancy imbalance, ensuring the stability of the steel casing 2 during descent.

[0078] Both the steel casing 2 and the sealed chamber 22 are equipped with sealing structures 3. When the bottom of the steel casing 2 is tightly attached to the bottom surface of the dock threshold 40, the marble facade 70, the surface of the dock platform 50, and the side wall of the dock pit 60, the two sealing structures 3 work together and complement each other to form a double sealing protection system, significantly improving the sealing performance of the steel casing 2 and each contact surface, and effectively preventing external water from seeping into the work area. Furthermore, during construction, the liquid level changes in the work well are monitored in real time. By checking for abnormal fluctuations in the liquid level, it is determined whether there are hidden dangers such as insufficient sealing or water leakage in the sealing system. When the liquid level difference in the work well exceeds the preset threshold within a preset time period, it indicates that the water leakage rate is relatively fast. At this time, the submersible pump is activated to drain the water. However, the drainage speed of the submersible pump is difficult to effectively control the seepage. By pouring concrete to add a waterproof structure, an additional waterproof barrier can be formed, which can effectively improve the safety redundancy of the sealing system, effectively block the seepage channel, achieve effective control of water leakage, and ensure the stability of the dry working environment in the work well.

[0079] In one embodiment of this application, the set threshold is less than the height difference between the top and bottom of the sealed space between the bottom inner wall of the box 21 and the side wall of the dock pit 60; the volume of the sealed space at the set threshold height is calculated, and the volume is divided by the drainage capacity of the submersible pump to obtain the set duration.

[0080] It should be noted that a sealed space is formed between the bottom of the inner wall of the tank 21 and the side wall of the dock 60. The top of this sealed space is flush with the surface of the dock platform 50, and the vertical cross-section of the sealed space is a right-angled triangle. If the set threshold value is greater than or equal to the height difference between the bottom inner wall of the tank 21 and the side wall of the dock 60, then when the liquid level change reaches the set threshold within a preset time, the sealed space will be completely filled with water. The seepage will spread to the dock platform 50, and may even overflow, causing the lower hinge seat maintenance area to be completely wet, which cannot meet the operating conditions for dry maintenance. Therefore, this solution sets the threshold for liquid level monitoring to be less than the overall height difference between the top and bottom of the sealed space. This ensures that emergency response measures such as starting the submersible pump and pouring concrete reinforcement can be triggered in time before the water level rises to 50 meters above the dock platform. This allows for early identification of potential leakage and prediction of water seepage risks, thus avoiding the problem of delayed emergency response from a mechanistic perspective and effectively preventing defects such as untimely drainage and large-scale water accumulation in the work area.

[0081] The specific parameter calibration method is as follows: First, accurately calculate the water volume inside the sealed space when the liquid level rises to the height corresponding to the set threshold; then divide the water volume by the rated drainage capacity of the submersible pump to quantitatively calculate the monitoring set time for the matching working conditions, thereby constructing a standardized and quantifiable leakage judgment standard to achieve accurate monitoring and graded judgment of water seepage.

[0082] By combining the geometric shape of the sealed space, the effective water storage volume, and the equipment's drainage performance for numerical matching, an objective, unified, and standardized leakage judgment system tailored to on-site construction conditions is established. This eliminates subjective errors and judgment biases caused by manual visual inspection and experience-based estimation, providing real-time, accurate, and precise feedback on the actual water-stopping status and subtle leakage changes of the double-layer sealing structure 3 of the steel casing 2. Based on the judgment logic formed by quantitative indicators, it can accurately distinguish between minor seepage and rapid leakage, reasonably defining the controllable range of conventional drainage and the critical leakage conditions requiring structural reinforcement. This provides reliable data support and judgment basis for the timely and reasonable initiation of the concrete pouring reinforcement process in the sealed chamber 22, enabling early warning and tiered handling of leakage hazards. This avoids redundant construction under minor seepage conditions and prevents water overflow caused by delayed handling under high seepage conditions, continuously maintaining dry and sealed dry construction conditions inside the working well. It also ensures a stable and controllable working environment for hinge seat maintenance over the long term, improving overall construction quality and the continuity and safety of maintenance operations.

[0083] S7. The workers enter the steel casing 2 and carry out maintenance work on the lower hinge seat of the dock gate.

[0084] It should be noted that a dedicated ladder is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steel casing 2. This ladder is laid vertically along the entire length of the working shaft, extending from the top to the bottom. Workers can enter through the top inlet and outlet of the steel casing 2, and safely descend to the interior of the working shaft using the ladder, directly reaching the maintenance work position of the lower hinge seat, which facilitates various maintenance operations such as inspection, disassembly, and reinforcement.

[0085] like Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the top surface of the dock threshold 40 extends into the maintenance area near the dock exterior 20; The maintenance work performed on the lower hinge seat of the dock gate in step S7 includes: S71. Remove the old lower hinge seat from the dock platform 50, and measure the fixed position of the old embedded plate with reference to the benchmark point on the top surface of the dock threshold 40. S72. Remove the concrete around the old embedded plate until the steel mesh is exposed, and cut off the exposed parts of the old embedded plate and old embedded bolts. S73. Clean and remove the work surface, and mark the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt on the work surface; S74. Using the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt as a reference, drill the pre-embedded hole vertically. S75. Assemble the new embedded plate and the new embedded bolts, hoist the new embedded plate to the fixed position so that the new embedded bolts can be installed in the embedded holes, and adjust the attitude of the new embedded plate in the longitudinal, transverse and height directions based on the reference point. S76. Inject grout into the pre-embedded hole and the gap at the bottom of the new pre-embedded plate. After the grout has been initially cured, install the new lower hinge seat. Use the top surface of the dock threshold as a reference to check the position of the new lower hinge seat and initially tighten the fixing nut. After the grout reaches the design strength, tighten the fixing nut according to the design preload.

[0086] It should be noted that in step S71, by sequentially removing the locking nuts of the old pre-embedded bolts and releasing the fastening connection between the old lower hinge seat and the pre-embedded structure, the old lower hinge seat can be completely disassembled and separated, and then lifted out by the dock platform 50 and transferred to the dock area for proper storage.

[0087] Using the pre-set benchmark point on the top surface of the dock threshold 40 as a unified reference benchmark, the fixed position of the old embedded plate was re-measured. The entire process adopted a dual positioning method combining on-site marking and total station coordinate method. The specific operation process is as follows: 1. Preliminary benchmark layout: The top surface of the dock threshold 40mm was cleaned and leveled in advance. Points with stable structures and no damage or deformation were selected as permanent benchmarks. They were marked and numbered clearly to ensure that the benchmarks had a wide field of vision and good visibility, serving as a unified reference for the entire measurement process.

[0088] 2. On-site marking method for positioning: Taking the top surface reference point of the dock sill 40 as the starting reference, use conventional measuring tools such as steel tape measure, level, and right angle ruler to measure the horizontal distance, vertical height difference, and lateral offset of the edge of the old embedded plate, the center of the plate surface, and the fixing bolt points relative to the reference point. Combined with the inherent structure such as the structural edge line of the dock opening 30 and the facade outline of the dock sill 40, mark the outline boundary, center position, and installation elevation of the embedded plate on the concrete base surface on-site to complete the intuitive marking and simple positioning of the actual dimensions.

[0089] 3. Total station coordinate method positioning: Set up and level the total station to a suitable observation point, and use the 40mm top surface of the dock threshold as the coordinate origin to complete the station orientation, and complete the instrument calibration and angle and distance verification; use the total station to accurately collect the three-dimensional coordinate data of the four corner endpoints, the center point of the plate surface, and the anchoring point of the old pre-embedded plate, and simultaneously record the coordinate deviation and elevation difference of each measuring point relative to the reference point to form digital positioning data.

[0090] 4. Dual verification and comparison: The linear dimensions and elevation positions measured by the on-site marking method are compared and verified with the coordinate data collected by the total station to correct the errors caused by a single measurement method; the two positioning results corroborate and complement each other to accurately lock the actual installation position, embedding elevation and deviation of the old embedded plate, ensuring that the positioning data is accurate and reliable, and providing accurate positional basis for subsequent component removal and new plate pre-embedding installation.

[0091] In step S72, the concrete around the old embedded plate is chiseled away until the steel mesh at the dock opening 30 is completely exposed. On the one hand, this can thoroughly remove the loose, aged, and stress-damaged concrete matrix around the embedded plate, fully expose the original structural steel bars, accurately determine the layout and condition of the steel bars, and avoid residual inferior concrete affecting the subsequent anchoring quality. On the other hand, the exposed steel bars can form an effective interlocking joint with the grouting material and newly poured concrete, enhance the overall integrity and tensile strength of the new and old structures, eliminate local fault gaps, and prevent the new embedded components from loosening or shifting under stress. At the same time, it can fully expand the working space, making it easier to completely cut off the exposed sections of the old embedded plate and old embedded bolts, thoroughly remove the old embedded components, and lay a solid structural foundation for the accurate drilling of new embedded bolts, the stable installation of new embedded plates, and reliable anchoring.

[0092] In step S75, the new embedded bolts are sequentially inserted into the pre-set mounting holes of the new embedded plate. By locking and limiting the position with nuts on both the upper and lower sides, the pre-tightening assembly of the new embedded plate and the new embedded bolts can be completed, ensuring that the connection between the two is stable and their relative positions are fixed.

[0093] In step S76, grout is injected into the gaps inside the pre-embedded hole and at the bottom of the new pre-embedded plate to fully fill all voids. After the grouting is completed, the top surface is leveled to ensure that the top surface of the grout is flush with the surface of the new pre-embedded plate. The initial curing time for the grout is usually 24 hours, and it reaches the design strength after 48 hours of curing.

[0094] By enclosing and housing a portion of the dock sill 40 structure using a specially designed steel casing 2, the top surface of the dock sill 40 is retained within the dry operation area. This allows the inherent reference point on the top surface of the dock sill 40 to be directly used as a unified measurement reference for hinge assembly / disassembly, embedded plate re-measurement, and new component installation. Compared to traditional construction methods that require external, distant references to be indirectly introduced into the work area through multiple layers of structural conversion, this solution eliminates the intermediate steps of layer-by-layer reference data transfer and repeated dimensional conversions. From a positioning logic perspective, it reduces the cumulative deviation caused by human conversion errors, measurement transmission errors, and structural obstruction, and eliminates the accuracy loss caused by multi-level reference conversions. Based on the core principle of direct measurement and on-site verification using the original structural reference, all procedures for re-measuring old components, drilling positioning, three-dimensional adjustment of new embedded plates, and hinge resetting verification are carried out using the same fixed reference. The measurement reference is unified and stable, unaffected by external factors such as underwater environment, temporary reference displacement, and structural deformation, effectively compressing error sources and continuously controlling the installation and positioning accuracy of embedded components and the dock sill hinge within the millimeter range. At the same time, the in-situ benchmark is matched with the original structural design coordinate system to ensure the continuity and consistency of the installation position, elevation and axis of the new and old components, optimize the stress matching relationship of the components, improve the assembly fit of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate and the overall installation quality, strengthen the subsequent load-bearing performance and operational stability of the hinge seat, and effectively improve the accuracy, reliability and structural adaptability of the whole maintenance construction.

[0095] In one embodiment of this application, step S73, marking the center point of the newly embedded bolt on the working surface, includes: S731. Positioning holes are made on the positioning plate according to the preset design position, and the external dimensions of the positioning plate are consistent with the new embedded plate; S732. Place the positioning plate on the working surface and adjust its planar position so that the positioning plate is vertically aligned with the preset installation position; S733. Mark the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt on the working surface through the positioning holes on the positioning plate.

[0096] Specifically, firstly, based on the bolt arrangement dimensions and hole spacing parameters given in the design drawings, corresponding positioning holes of the same specifications are precisely drilled in advance on a pre-designed positioning plate. The overall shape and dimensions of this positioning plate are completely consistent with the new embedded plate to be installed, ensuring that the hole layout and relative position are perfectly matched with the actual installation structure. Secondly, the processed positioning plate is placed stably on the cleaned concrete working surface. Using the 40mm top surface reference point of the dock sill as a reference, the planar position and horizontal posture of the positioning plate are finely adjusted to ensure that the positioning plate is vertically aligned and axially aligned with the pre-set installation position of the new embedded plate. The lateral and longitudinal offsets are strictly calibrated to ensure that the positioning plate is placed accurately and compliantly. Finally, using the positioning plate as a fixed reference, the center point of the new embedded bolt is precisely marked on the concrete working surface below through the pre-set positioning holes in the plate, thus forming a standardized, uniform, and high-precision drilling positioning reference.

[0097] By using the same type of positioning plate to mark the hole positions, the bolt hole layout of the new embedded plate can be completely replicated, avoiding the dimensional deviations and cumulative errors caused by manual measurement and marking. This ensures that the spacing and relative position of each embedded bolt point fully meet the design requirements, providing a precise and reliable positioning basis for subsequent vertical drilling of embedded holes, effectively improving the drilling construction accuracy, and ensuring the matching degree and installation quality of the subsequent new embedded bolts and new embedded plates.

[0098] Finally, it should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0099] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of a dock gate, characterized in that, include: S1. Install the anti-wind and wave support on the corresponding installation area inside the dock; S2. A crane vessel will be used to lift the customized steel casing to the designated maintenance area above the dock. S3. The steel casing is attached to the guide structure near the outside of the dock by the crane ship, so that the steel casing is vertically aligned with the maintenance area. S4. The steel casing is smoothly lowered into the maintenance area by the crane ship, so that the bottom circumferential of the steel casing is aligned with the edge of the maintenance area and fits against the bottom surface of the dock and the side wall of the dock gate. S5. Fix the steel casing to the wave-resistant support, and fix the wave-resistant struts set between the side wall of the dock pit and the bottom side wall of the steel casing. S6. Start the submersible pump inside the steel casing to drain the water inside the steel casing, so that the lower hinge seat to be repaired is exposed and a dry construction environment is created. S7. Workers enter the steel casing to carry out maintenance work on the lower hinge seat of the dock gate.

2. The method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The installation of wind and wave resistant supports on the corresponding installation area within the dock includes: S11. Close the dock door and assess the environmental conditions inside the dock; S12. When the dock is a wet environment with water, a temporary cofferdam is set up in the dock, with one side of the temporary cofferdam close to the dock gate, and together with the dock gate, they enclose the processing space surrounding the installation area. S13. Place the submersible pump in the treatment space, pump out the water in the treatment space, expose the installation area and create a dry construction environment. S14. Hoist the wave-resistant support frame into the processing space and fix it in the installation area; S15. Remove the temporary cofferdam and open the dock gate.

3. The method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel casing has a vertically installed channel rail on the side wall near the inside of the dock; the top of the anti-wind and wave support is provided with a cantilevered frame extending horizontally out of the dock, and the guiding structure is a guide roller that can be detachably installed on the cantilevered frame; the bottom end of the steel casing is connected to an inner support seat via a fastening screw on the side near the inside of the dock. When performing step S3, the crane vessel lowers the steel casing to a preset height, so that the inner support seat is lower than the cantilever frame; the crane vessel moves the steel casing towards the wind and wave resistant support, so that the guide rollers are aligned and enter the groove rail; When performing step S4, the crane ship lowers the steel casing. The steel casing is guided to descend vertically by the cooperation of the guide rollers and the groove rail, so that part of the bottom of the steel casing lands on the top surface of the dock threshold and the other part lands on the side wall of the dock gate pit. The inner support seat moves to the dock threshold near the inside of the dock. When performing step S5, the fastening screw is tightened synchronously to press the inner support seat tightly against the side wall of the dock threshold.

4. The method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wave-resistant support rod includes a telescopic rod and a top rod threaded to one end of the telescopic rod; When performing step S3, one end of the anti-wind and wave support rod is hinged to the side wall of the dock gate pit, and the other end is hinged to the side wall of the bottom of the steel casing near the outside of the dock. When performing step S4, the anti-wind and wave support rod swings downward to the horizontal in sync with the descent of the steel casing, and extends and retracts. When performing step S5, a diver underwater welds and fixes the outer tube and inner tube of the telescopic rod, and rotates the top rod to make the anti-wind and wave support rod press against the bottom of the steel casing.

5. The method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel enclosure includes a housing and a sealed compartment located around the bottom perimeter of the housing; the housing has a vertically penetrating working well, and the submersible pump is located inside the working well; the sealed compartment has an assembly port at the top and is open at the bottom; both the housing and the sealed compartment have sealing structures around their bottom circumference. When performing step S4, the sealing structure is pressed tightly against the bottom surface of the dock entrance and the side wall of the dock gate pit; When performing step S6, after the dry construction environment is formed, the submersible pump is stopped, the liquid level in the working well is detected and recorded as the first liquid level; after a set time, the liquid level in the working well is detected again and recorded as the second liquid level; the liquid level difference between the first liquid level and the second liquid level is calculated, and it is determined whether the liquid level difference exceeds the set threshold; when the liquid level difference exceeds the set threshold, concrete is poured into the sealed chamber through the assembly port, and after the concrete fills the sealed chamber, a grouting plate is installed at the assembly port.

6. The method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to claim 5, characterized in that, The set threshold is less than the height difference between the top and bottom of the sealed space between the inner wall of the bottom of the tank and the side wall of the dock pit; calculate the corresponding volume of the sealed space at the set threshold height, divide the volume by the drainage capacity of the submersible pump, and obtain the set duration.

7. The method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the dock threshold extends into the maintenance area at one end near the outside of the dock. Step S7 involves performing maintenance work on the lower hinge seat of the dock gate, including: S71. Remove the old lower hinge seat from the dock platform and measure the fixed position of the old embedded plate with reference to the benchmark point on the top surface of the dock threshold. S72. Remove the concrete around the old embedded plate until the steel mesh is exposed, and cut off the exposed parts of the old embedded plate and old embedded bolts. S73. Clean and remove the work surface, and mark the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt on the work surface; S74. Using the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt as a reference, drill the pre-embedded hole vertically. S75. Assemble the new embedded plate and the new embedded bolts, hoist the new embedded plate to the fixed position so that the new embedded bolts can be installed in the embedded holes, and adjust the attitude of the new embedded plate in the longitudinal, transverse and height directions based on the reference point. S76. Inject grout into the pre-embedded hole and the gap at the bottom of the new pre-embedded plate. After the grout has been initially cured, install the new lower hinge seat. Use the top surface of the dock threshold as a reference to check the position of the new lower hinge seat and initially tighten the fixing nut. After the grout reaches the design strength, tighten the fixing nut according to the design preload.

8. The method for partial dry repair of the lower hinge seat of the dock gate according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S73 involves marking the center point of the newly embedded bolts on the work surface, including: S731. Positioning holes are made on the positioning plate according to the preset design position, and the external dimensions of the positioning plate are consistent with the new embedded plate; S732. Place the positioning plate on the working surface and adjust its planar position so that the positioning plate is vertically aligned with the preset installation position; S733. Mark the center point of the new pre-embedded bolt on the working surface through the positioning holes on the positioning plate.

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