Dust control device using vortex aggregation and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses a vortex-based dust collection device and control method, relating to the field of vortex-based dust collection control. It includes a spray module, a vortex dust collection module, a sensor module, and a vortex dust collection automatic controller. A fan drives the inside of the exhaust duct to form a vortex airflow to capture moistened dust. The vortex dust collection automatic controller divides the drilling area into several independent dust control sub-zones based on a dynamic dust diffusion model. This invention combines spray dust suppression, vortex dust collection, and intelligent control, dynamically adjusting airflow and water volume according to drilling conditions and real-time dust diffusion status, resulting in fast dust control response and comprehensive coverage. It employs zoned dust control and fuzzy PID adaptive adjustment, reducing water consumption while ensuring dust removal efficiency and improving dust collection efficiency. The overall structure of the device is highly compatible with down-the-hole drilling robots, enabling automated continuous operation, significantly improving the construction environment, and meeting green construction requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vortex dust collection control technology, and in particular to vortex dust collection control devices and control methods. Background Technology

[0002] Down-the-hole drilling robots are widely used in engineering scenarios such as road guardrail installation and photovoltaic pile foundation construction. During the drilling operation, a large amount of dust is continuously generated, which not only makes it difficult to meet the dust prevention requirements of urban construction and green environmental protection, but also affects the normal operation of equipment and the accuracy of construction observation. Long-term operation can easily cause harm to the health of on-site personnel.

[0003] Existing dust control devices mostly adopt fixed spraying or simple dust collection structures, which cannot be adaptively adjusted according to the real-time dust concentration, diffusion trend and drilling conditions. They have limited dust control range, large water consumption, and are difficult to effectively capture and collect high-speed diffused dust, and cannot meet the continuous operation requirements of automated drilling robots. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a vortex-type dust collection control device and a control method. The following technical solution is adopted: The vortex dust collection device includes a spray module, a vortex dust collection module, a sensor module, and a vortex dust collection automatic controller; The spray module is fixedly installed on the impactor and is used to spray water mist; the vortex dust collection module includes an exhaust fan, a dust collection box, and an exhaust duct. The exhaust fan and dust collection box are fixedly installed on the second section of the lifting frame, and the exhaust duct is nested on the outer edge of the impactor. The exhaust fan drives the exhaust duct to form a vortex airflow to capture the wetted dust; the sensor module is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the exhaust duct and is used to detect the distance of the drill bit from the ground and detect the real-time dust concentration. The vortex dust removal automatic controller is communicatively connected to the spray module, the exhaust fan, the second section of the lifting frame, and the sensor module. The vortex dust collector automatic controller divides the drilling area into several independent dust control sub-zones based on the dust diffusion dynamic model, and calculates the predicted dust concentration change trend of each sub-zone. Based on the predicted dust concentration of each sub-zone, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the speed of the exhaust fan and the water spray volume of the spray module to form a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

[0005] Optionally, the spray module includes a water pump, two nozzles, and a water tank; the water tank is fixedly installed on the base frame, and the two nozzles and the water pump are fixedly installed on the impactor by clamps; during operation, the nozzles are above the ground and are used to spray atomized water mist into the drilling area; the vortex dust removal automatic controller controls the execution of the nozzles.

[0006] Optionally, a powerful vortex airflow is formed inside the exhaust duct by the action of an exhaust fan, and the dust is collected by the vortex airflow after being moistened by water mist and gathered into the dust collection box.

[0007] Optionally, the sensor module includes an infrared sensor and a dust concentration sensor; the infrared sensor and the dust concentration sensor are fixedly installed on the exhaust duct by clamps; the infrared sensor is used to detect the distance between the drill bit and the ground; the dust concentration sensor is used to detect the dust concentration, and the infrared sensor and the dust concentration sensor are respectively connected to the vortex dust collector automatic controller.

[0008] Optionally, the vortex dust collector automatic controller includes a data acquisition module, a processor, and a PLC controller. The data acquisition module is communicatively connected to an infrared sensor and a dust concentration sensor, respectively. The processor is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module, and the PLC controller is communicatively connected to the processor, and controls the execution actions of the spray module, the exhaust fan, and the second-stage lifting slide, respectively.

[0009] A control method for a vortex dust collection device, used to control the vortex dust collection device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Set the dust concentration threshold, initial parameters of the vortex airflow, and initial parameters of the spray for the vortex dust collector automatic controller; Step 2: The vortex dust collector automatic controller obtains the height of the drill bit off the ground in real time through an infrared sensor and dynamically adjusts the position of the second-stage lifting slide to ensure that the lower end of the exhaust duct always maintains the preset optimal dust collection distance from the ground. Step 3: Collect dust concentration data in real time inside and outside the exhaust duct using a dust concentration sensor to construct a dynamic model of dust diffusion over time. Step 4: Based on the dust diffusion dynamic model, the borehole area is divided into several independent dust control sub-regions, and the predicted dust concentration change trend of each sub-region is calculated. Step 5: Based on the predicted dust concentration in each sub-zone, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the speed of the exhaust fan and the water spray volume of the nozzles respectively, forming a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

[0010] Optionally, the method for constructing the dust diffusion dynamic model in step 3 is as follows: A two-dimensional radial diffusion model is established with the borehole center as the origin, and the dust concentration is expressed as a function of time t and radial distance r. , ,in The dust concentration is at time t. The dust concentration sensor is positioned at a fixed radial position. Real-time concentration measured value C( Substitute t) into the model, This is the fixed distance from the dust concentration sensor mounting position to the center of the borehole. The dust generation per unit time is determined by the drilling speed v, borehole diameter d, and rock hardness coefficient. For soft rock, use 1.0; for medium-hard rock, use 1.5; and for hard rock, use 2.0. , The dust generation calibration factor has a value range of 0.01-0.05. The dust diffusion coefficient is determined by the fan speed n and the ambient wind speed. The ambient humidity φ is calculated. , This is the dust diffusion calibration coefficient, with a value ranging from 500 to 1000; applied at set time intervals. and Updates are calculated based on sensor data.

[0011] Optionally, the method for dividing the independent dust control sub-zones in step 4 is as follows: taking the center of the exhaust duct as a reference, the dust control area is divided into an inner ring zone, a middle ring zone, and an outer ring zone according to the radial distance, corresponding to high-concentration, medium-concentration, and low-concentration dust areas, respectively, and each area is independently configured with spray and vortex dust collection weight coefficients.

[0012] Optionally, in step 5, the fuzzy PID control adopts a dual-input, three-output structure, with the inputs being the deviation e between the current dust concentration and the set threshold, and the rate of change of the deviation. The output includes the adjustment of the exhaust fan speed, the adjustment of the spray water volume, and the adjustment of the nozzle angle.

[0013] Optionally, the preset optimal dust collection distance mentioned in step S2 is... ,in To set the initial height, The deviation between the current dust concentration and the set threshold. This is an adaptive adjustment coefficient, with a value range of -10 to -15.

[0014] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This invention provides a vortex-type dust control device and control method, combining spray dust suppression, vortex dust collection, and intelligent control. It can dynamically adjust airflow and water volume according to drilling conditions and real-time dust diffusion status, offering fast dust control response and comprehensive coverage. Employing zoned dust control and fuzzy PID adaptive adjustment, it reduces water consumption while ensuring dust removal effectiveness and improving dust accumulation efficiency. The overall structure of the device is highly compatible with down-the-hole drilling robots, enabling automated continuous operation, significantly improving the construction environment, and meeting green construction requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the vortex-collecting dust control device of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the spray module of the vortex-collecting dust control device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vortex dust collection module of the vortex dust collection device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor module structure of the vortex-collecting dust control device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical component connection principle of the vortex-type dust control device of the present invention.

[0016] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Spraying module; 101. Water pump; 102. Nozzle; 103. Water tank; 2. Vortex dust collection module; 201. Exhaust fan; 202. Dust collection box; 203. Exhaust duct; 3. Sensor module; 301. Infrared sensor; 302. Dust concentration sensor; 4. Impactor; 5. Second-stage lifting slide; 6. Base frame; 71. Data acquisition module; 72. Processor; 73. PLC controller. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-5 .

[0018] This invention discloses a vortex-type dust collection control device and control method. Example 1

[0019] The vortex dust collection device includes a spray module 1, a vortex dust collection module 2, a sensor module 3, and a vortex dust collection automatic controller. The spray module 1 is fixedly installed on the impactor 4 and is used to spray water mist; the vortex dust collection module 2 includes an exhaust fan 201, a dust collection box 202 and an exhaust tube 203. The exhaust fan 201 and the dust collection box 202 are fixedly installed on the second section of the lifting frame 5. The exhaust tube 203 is nested on the outer edge of the impactor 4. The exhaust fan 201 drives the exhaust tube 203 to form a vortex airflow to capture the wetted dust; the sensor module 3 is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the exhaust tube 203 and is used to detect the distance of the drill bit from the ground and detect the real-time dust concentration. The vortex dust removal automatic controller is communicatively connected to the spray module 1, the exhaust fan 201, the second section of the lifting frame 5 and the sensor module 3. The vortex dust collector automatic controller divides the drilling area into several independent dust control sub-zones based on the dust diffusion dynamic model, and calculates the predicted dust concentration change trend of each sub-zone. According to the predicted dust concentration of each sub-zone, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the speed of the exhaust fan 201 and the water spray volume of the spray module 1 respectively, forming a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, a spray module 1 is installed on the impactor 4 of the down-the-hole drilling robot's drill bit module, and an exhaust fan 201 and a dust collection box 202 are installed on the second section of the lifting frame's lifting slide 5. The spray module 1 sprays water mist to wet and settle the dust generated during drilling by the down-the-hole drilling robot. The vortex dust collection module 2, relying on the exhaust fan 201 and the exhaust hopper 203, forms a vortex airflow to collect and gather dust. The sensor module 3 collects real-time data on the drill bit's distance from the ground and dust concentration and transmits it to the vortex dust collection automatic controller. After receiving the data, the vortex dust collection automatic controller divides the dust control sub-zones based on a dust diffusion dynamic model and predicts dust concentration changes. It then adjusts the speed of the exhaust fan 201 and the water spray volume of the spray module 1 using fuzzy PID control to form a zoned adaptive dust control strategy, cooperating with the down-the-hole drilling robot to complete automated dust control operations throughout the process. Example 2

[0021] The spray module 1 includes a water pump 101, two nozzles 102 and a water tank 103; the water tank 103 is fixedly installed on the base frame 6, and the two nozzles 102 and the water pump 101 are fixedly installed on the impactor 4 by clamps; during operation, the nozzles 102 are above the ground and are used to spray atomized water mist into the drilling area; the vortex dust removal automatic controller controls the execution of the nozzles 102.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the spray module 1 consists of a water pump 101, two nozzles 102, and a water tank 103. The water tank 103 is fixed on the base frame 6 to continuously supply water for the spraying operation. The two nozzles 102 and the water pump 101 are fixed to the impactor 4 with clamps to ensure that the nozzles 102 are always above the ground during operation. The vortex dust collector automatic controller sends a control signal to the water pump 101 to adjust the opening status of the nozzles 102 and the spray volume, so that the water mist stably covers the drilling area and suppresses the outward diffusion of dust. Example 3

[0023] The exhaust fan 201 creates a powerful vortex airflow inside the exhaust duct 203, which collects the water mist that wets the dust and gathers it into the dust collection box 202.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, the exhaust fan 201 of the vortex dust collection module 2 is powered on and operates, forming a stable and powerful vortex airflow inside the exhaust duct 203. The vortex airflow flows directionally along the inner wall of the exhaust duct 203, drawing the dust moistened by the water mist sprayed by the spray module 1 towards the dust collection box 202. Under the action of the airflow, the dust continuously accumulates and enters the dust collection box 202, completing the centralized collection and treatment of dust and preventing dust from drifting in the construction area. Example 4

[0025] The sensor module 3 includes an infrared sensor 301 and a dust concentration sensor 302; the infrared sensor 301 and the dust concentration sensor 302 are fixedly installed on the exhaust duct 203 by clamps; the infrared sensor 301 is used to detect the distance between the drill bit and the ground; the dust concentration sensor 302 is used to detect the dust concentration, and the infrared sensor 301 and the dust concentration sensor 302 are respectively connected to the vortex dust collector automatic controller.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, sensor module 3 consists of an infrared sensor 301 and a dust concentration sensor 302, both of which are fixed to the exhaust duct 203 with clamps to maintain a stable detection state. The infrared sensor 301 continuously emits and receives infrared signals, detects the distance between the drill bit and the ground in real time, and transmits the detection results. The dust concentration sensor 302 continuously collects the dust content of the surrounding air and outputs real-time dust concentration data. Both sets of detection data are synchronously transmitted to the vortex dust collector automatic controller, providing data support for subsequent adjustment actions. Example 5

[0027] The vortex dust collector automatic controller includes a data acquisition module 71, a processor 72, and a PLC controller 73. The data acquisition module 71 is communicatively connected to the infrared sensor 301 and the dust concentration sensor 302, respectively. The processor 72 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module 71, and the PLC controller 73 is communicatively connected to the processor 72, and controls the execution actions of the spray module 1, the exhaust fan 201, and the second-stage lifting slide 5, respectively.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the data acquisition module 71 inside the vortex dust collector automatic controller synchronously receives the detection signals from the infrared sensor 301 and the dust concentration sensor 302, completing the conversion from analog to digital signals. The processor 72 receives the converted data and completes the dust diffusion model calculation, zoning processing, and fuzzy PID calculation. The calculation results are transmitted to the PLC controller 73, which outputs execution signals to control the spray water volume of the spray module 1, the operating speed of the exhaust fan 201, and the lifting position of the second-stage lifting slide 5, respectively, realizing fully automated control of the entire process. Example 6

[0029] A control method for a vortex dust collection device, used to control the vortex dust collection device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Set the dust concentration threshold, initial parameters of the vortex airflow, and initial parameters of the spray for the vortex dust collector automatic controller; Step 2: The vortex dust collector automatic controller obtains the drill bit's height above the ground in real time through the infrared sensor 301 and dynamically adjusts the position of the second-stage lifting slide 5 so that the lower end of the exhaust duct 203 always maintains the preset optimal dust collection distance from the ground. Step 3: Collect dust concentration data in real time inside and outside the exhaust duct 203 using dust concentration sensor 302, and construct a dynamic model of dust diffusion over time. Step 4: Based on the dust diffusion dynamic model, the borehole area is divided into several independent dust control sub-regions, and the predicted dust concentration change trend of each sub-region is calculated. Step 5: Based on the predicted dust concentration of each sub-zone, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the speed of the exhaust fan 201 and the water spray volume of the nozzle 102 respectively, forming a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, the vortex dust collector automatic controller first sets the dust concentration threshold, initial parameters of the vortex airflow, and initial parameters of the spraying. The vortex dust collector automatic controller obtains the drill bit's height above the ground through the infrared sensor 301 and adjusts the position of the second-stage lifting slide 5 to maintain the optimal dust collection distance between the exhaust duct 203 and the ground. The dust concentration sensor 302 collects dust concentration data to construct a dynamic model of dust diffusion over a time series. Based on the model, independent dust control sub-zones are divided, and the dust concentration changes in each sub-zone are predicted. According to the prediction results, a fuzzy PID control method is used to synchronously adjust the speed of the exhaust fan 201 and the water spray volume of the nozzle 102, executing a zoned adaptive dust control strategy until the drilling operation is completed. Example 7

[0031] The method for constructing the dynamic model of dust diffusion in step 3 is as follows: a two-dimensional radial diffusion model is established with the borehole center as the origin, and the dust concentration is expressed as a function of time t and radial distance r. , ,in The dust concentration is at time t. The dust concentration sensor 302 is positioned at a fixed radial position. Real-time concentration measured value C( Substitute t) into the model, This is the fixed distance from the mounting position of the dust concentration sensor 302 to the center of the borehole. The dust generation per unit time is determined by the drilling speed v, borehole diameter d, and rock hardness coefficient. For soft rock, use 1.0; for medium-hard rock, use 1.5; and for hard rock, use 2.0. , The dust generation calibration factor has a value range of 0.01-0.05. The dust diffusion coefficient is determined by the fan speed n and the ambient wind speed. The ambient humidity φ is calculated. , This is the dust diffusion calibration coefficient, with a value ranging from 500 to 1000; applied at set time intervals. and Updates are calculated based on sensor data.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, a two-dimensional radial diffusion model is established with the borehole center as the origin when constructing the dynamic model of dust diffusion, and the dust concentration is expressed as a function of time and radial distance. The dust concentration sensor 302 is positioned at a fixed radial location. Measured concentration values ​​were collected and substituted into the model to complete parameter calibration. The dust generation per unit time was calculated by combining drilling speed, borehole diameter, and rock hardness coefficient, while the dust diffusion coefficient was calculated by combining exhaust fan speed, ambient wind speed, and ambient humidity. The dust generation per unit time and dust diffusion coefficient were updated at set time intervals based on real-time sensor data to ensure that the model output results were consistent with actual working conditions. Example 8

[0033] The method for dividing the independent dust control sub-zones in step 4 is as follows: taking the center of the exhaust duct 203 as the reference, the dust control area is divided into an inner ring zone, a middle ring zone and an outer ring zone according to the radial distance, which correspond to high concentration, medium concentration and low concentration dust areas respectively. Each area is independently configured with spray and vortex dust collection weight coefficients.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the dust control sub-zones are divided with the center of the exhaust duct 203 as the reference, and the dust control area is divided into an inner ring zone, a middle ring zone, and an outer ring zone according to radial distance. These three zones correspond to high, medium, and low dust concentration distribution states, respectively. For the dust concentration characteristics of different zones, corresponding spray weight coefficients and vortex suction weight coefficients are independently configured to match the spray intensity and suction power with the dust content of each zone, thereby improving dust control accuracy and resource utilization efficiency. Example 9

[0035] In step 5, the fuzzy PID control adopts a dual-input, three-output structure. The inputs are the deviation e between the current dust concentration and the set threshold, and the rate of change of the deviation. The output includes the adjustment of the exhaust fan speed, the adjustment of the spray water volume, and the adjustment of the nozzle angle.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, the fuzzy PID control operates with a dual-input, three-output structure. The deviation between the current dust concentration and the set threshold, as well as the rate of change of this deviation, serve as the inputs, reflecting the real-time changes in dust levels. The outputs, consisting of adjustments to the exhaust fan speed, spray water volume, and nozzle angle, synchronously drive the vortex dust collector and spray dust suppression actuators. The fuzzy control rules are adjusted based on the dust diffusion state and drilling progress, enabling the outputs to respond quickly to dust changes and achieving stable and efficient adaptive dust control. Example 10

[0037] The preset optimal dust collection distance mentioned in step S2 is ,in To set the initial height, The deviation between the current dust concentration and the set threshold. This is an adaptive adjustment coefficient, with a value range of -10 to -15.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, the optimal dust collection distance is determined jointly by the initial set height, the adaptive adjustment coefficient, and the dust concentration deviation. The initial set height is the reference height of the exhaust duct 203 above the ground. The dust concentration deviation is the difference between the current dust concentration and the set threshold. The adaptive adjustment coefficient takes values ​​within a set range, so that the height of the exhaust duct 203 above the ground automatically adjusts as the dust concentration deviation changes. When the dust concentration increases, the height of the exhaust duct 203 decreases to enhance dust capture capability; when the dust concentration decreases, the exhaust duct 203 maintains a reasonable height to ensure operational stability.

[0039] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation principle of the present invention: A vortex dust collection device includes a spray module 1, a vortex dust collection module 2, a sensor module 3, and a vortex dust removal automatic controller.

[0040] The spray module 1 is fixedly mounted on the impactor 4 of the down-the-hole drilling robot's drill bit module and is used for spraying water mist. The spray module 1 includes a water pump 101, two nozzles 102, and a water tank 103. The water tank 103 is fixedly mounted on the base frame 6 and has a volume of 50L. The two nozzles 102 and the water pump 101 are fixedly mounted on the impactor 4 via clamps. The water pump 101 has a rated flow rate of 6L / min and a working pressure of 0.3MPa. The nozzles 102 are atomizing fan-shaped nozzles with a spray angle of 60° and a rated water flow rate of 2.5L / min for each nozzle. During operation, the nozzles 102 are positioned above the ground, and the vortex dust collector automatic controller controls the actions of the nozzles 102.

[0041] The vortex dust collection module 2 includes an exhaust fan 201, a dust collection box 202, and an exhaust duct 203. The exhaust fan 201 and the dust collection box 202 are fixedly mounted on the second section of the lifting slide 5 of the down-the-hole drilling robot's lifting frame. The exhaust fan 201 has a rated power of 1.5kW, a rated speed of 2800r / min, and a maximum air volume of 180m³ / min. 3 / h. The dust collection box 202 has an effective volume of 30L and a built-in filter cartridge with a filtration accuracy of 5μm. The exhaust duct 203 is nested on the outer edge of the impactor 4, with an inner diameter of 180mm and a height of 250mm. A strong vortex airflow is formed within the exhaust duct 203 by the action of the exhaust fan 201, which collects the water mist that wets the dust and concentrates it in the dust collection box 202.

[0042] Sensor module 3 is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the exhaust duct 203 to detect the distance of the drill bit from the ground and the real-time dust concentration. Sensor module 3 includes an infrared sensor 301 and a dust concentration sensor 302. Both the infrared sensor 301 and the dust concentration sensor 302 are fixedly installed on the exhaust duct 203 using clamps. The infrared sensor 301 has a detection range of 0-500mm and an output signal of 4-20mA. The dust concentration sensor 302 has a detection range of 0-100mg / m³. 3 The response time is less than 1 second. Infrared sensor 301 is used to detect the distance between the drill bit and the ground, and dust concentration sensor 302 is used to detect dust concentration. Infrared sensor 301 and dust concentration sensor 302 are respectively connected to the vortex dust collector automatic controller.

[0043] The vortex dust collector automatic controller is communicatively connected to the spray module 1, the exhaust fan 201, the second-stage lifting slide 5, and the sensor module 3. The vortex dust collector automatic controller includes a data acquisition module 71, a processor 72, and a PLC controller 73. The data acquisition module 71 is communicatively connected to the infrared sensor 301 and the dust concentration sensor 302, with a data acquisition accuracy of 12 bits. The processor 72 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition module 71, and its main frequency is 1GHz. The PLC controller 73 is communicatively connected to the processor 72 and controls the actions of the spray module 1, the exhaust fan 201, and the second-stage lifting slide 5.

[0044] The vortex dust collector automatic controller divides the drilling area into several independent dust control sub-zones based on the dust diffusion dynamic model, and calculates the predicted dust concentration change trend of each sub-zone. According to the predicted dust concentration of each sub-zone, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the speed of the exhaust fan 201 and the water spray volume of the spray module 1 respectively, forming a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

[0045] The vortex-type dust collection control device operates according to the following control method: The automatic dust collector controller for vortex dust collection is set to a dust concentration threshold of 8 mg / m³. 3 The initial parameters for the vortex airflow are: initial speed of the exhaust fan 201 is 1400 r / min, and initial parameters for the spray are: initial water flow rate of the nozzle 102 is 2 L / min.

[0046] The vortex dust collector automatic controller uses infrared sensor 301 to obtain the drill bit's height above the ground in real time, dynamically adjusting the position of the second-stage lifting slide 5 to ensure that the lower end of the exhaust duct 203 always maintains a preset optimal dust collection distance from the ground. The preset optimal dust collection distance is... , The initial height is set to 30mm. The deviation between the current dust concentration and the set threshold is denoted by k, which is an adaptive adjustment coefficient with a value of -12.

[0047] Dust concentration data inside and around the exhaust duct 203 are collected in real time using a dust concentration sensor 302, and a dynamic model of dust diffusion over time is constructed. A two-dimensional radial diffusion model is established with the borehole center as the origin, expressing the dust concentration as a function of time t and radial distance r. The dust concentration sensor 302 is positioned at a fixed radial position. The measured real-time concentration at 100 mm was substituted into the model. Q represents the dust generation rate per unit time. , Take 0.03, drilling speed v = 0.1 m / s, borehole diameter d = 150 mm, for soft rock construction. Take 1.0. D is the dust diffusion coefficient. , Take 800, the exhaust fan speed n is taken as 1400 r / min, and the ambient wind speed... Take 0.5 m / s, ambient humidity Take 60%. Update the Q and D parameters every 5 seconds.

[0048] Based on a dynamic dust diffusion model, the drilling area was divided into several independent dust control sub-zones. Using the center of the exhaust duct 203 as a reference, the dust control area was divided into an inner ring, a middle ring, and an outer ring based on radial distance. The inner ring ranges from 0-100mm, the middle ring from 100-200mm, and the outer ring from 200-300mm, corresponding to high-concentration, medium-concentration, and low-concentration dust areas, respectively. The spray weight coefficient and vortex suction weight coefficient for the inner ring were both set to 1.0. For the middle ring, the spray weight coefficient was set to 0.6, and the vortex suction weight coefficient was set to 0.7. For the outer ring, the spray weight coefficient was set to 0.3, and the vortex suction weight coefficient was set to 0.4.

[0049] Based on the predicted dust concentration in each sub-zone, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the rotational speed of the exhaust fan 201 and the water spray volume of the nozzle 102, respectively. The fuzzy PID control employs a dual-input, three-output structure, with the inputs being the deviation *e* between the current dust concentration and the set threshold, and the rate of change of this deviation. The outputs are the fan speed adjustment, spray water volume adjustment, and nozzle angle adjustment. The fuzzy PID control sampling period is 0.2s, the proportional coefficient is set to 2.5, the integral coefficient is set to 0.1, and the derivative coefficient is set to 0.05, forming a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

[0050] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vortex-type dust collection control device, characterized in that, It includes a spray module (1), a vortex dust collection module (2), a sensor module (3), and a vortex dust removal automatic controller; The spray module (1) is fixedly installed on the impactor (4) for spraying water mist; the vortex dust collection module (2) includes a blower (201), a dust collection box (202) and a dust extraction tube (203). The blower (201) and the dust collection box (202) are fixedly installed on the second section of the lifting frame (5). The dust extraction tube (203) is nested on the outer edge of the impactor (4). The blower (201) drives the dust extraction tube (203) to form a vortex airflow inside to capture the wetted dust; the sensor module (3) is fixedly installed on the outer edge of the dust extraction tube (203) for detecting the distance of the drill bit from the ground and detecting the real-time dust concentration. The vortex dust removal automatic controller is communicatively connected to the spray module (1), the blower (201), the second section of the lifting frame (5) and the sensor module (3). The vortex dust removal automatic controller divides the drilling area into several independent dust control sub-areas based on the dust diffusion dynamic model, and calculates the predicted dust concentration change trend of each sub-area. According to the predicted dust concentration of each sub-area, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the speed of the exhaust fan (201) and the water spray volume of the spray module (1) to form a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

2. The vortex-type dust collection control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray module (1) includes a water pump (101), two nozzles (102) and a water tank (103); the water tank (103) is fixedly installed on the base frame (6), and the two nozzles (102) and the water pump (101) are fixedly installed on the impactor (4) by clamps; when working, the nozzles (102) are above the ground and are used to spray atomized water mist into the drilling area; the vortex dust removal automatic controller controls the execution action of the nozzles (102).

3. The vortex-type dust collection control device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A powerful vortex airflow is formed in the exhaust box (203) by the action of the exhaust fan (201), and the dust that has been moistened by water mist is collected by the vortex airflow and gathered into the dust collection box (202).

4. The vortex-type dust collection control device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor module (3) includes an infrared sensor (301) and a dust concentration sensor (302); the infrared sensor (301) and the dust concentration sensor (302) are fixedly installed on the exhaust duct (203) by a clamp; the infrared sensor (301) is used to detect the distance between the drill bit and the ground; the dust concentration sensor (302) is used to detect the dust concentration, and the infrared sensor (301) and the dust concentration sensor (302) are respectively connected to the vortex dust collector automatic controller.

5. The vortex-type dust collection control device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vortex dust collector automatic controller includes a data acquisition module (71), a processor (72), and a PLC controller (73). The data acquisition module (71) is connected to the infrared sensor (301) and the dust concentration sensor (302) respectively. The processor (52) is connected to the data acquisition module (71) and the PLC controller (73) is connected to the processor (72) respectively, and controls the execution actions of the spray module (1), the exhaust fan (201), and the second-stage lifting slide (5).

6. A control method for a vortex-type dust collection device, characterized in that: The method for controlling the vortex-type dust collection device according to claim 5 includes the following steps: Step 1: Set the dust concentration threshold, initial parameters of the vortex airflow, and initial parameters of the spray for the vortex dust collector automatic controller; Step 2: The vortex dust collector automatic controller obtains the height of the drill bit off the ground in real time through the infrared sensor (301) and dynamically adjusts the position of the second lifting slide (5) so that the lower end of the exhaust duct (203) always maintains the preset optimal dust collection distance from the ground. Step 3: Real-time dust concentration data of the inside and outer edge of the exhaust duct (203) are collected by the dust concentration sensor (302) to construct a dynamic model of dust diffusion in time series. Step 4: Based on the dust diffusion dynamic model, the borehole area is divided into several independent dust control sub-regions, and the predicted dust concentration change trend of each sub-region is calculated. Step 5: Based on the predicted dust concentration of each sub-zone, fuzzy PID control is used to adjust the rotation speed of the exhaust fan (201) and the water spray volume of the nozzle (102) respectively, forming a zoned adaptive dust control strategy.

7. The control method for a vortex-type dust collection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for constructing the dynamic model of dust diffusion in step 3 is as follows: a two-dimensional radial diffusion model is established with the borehole center as the origin, and the dust concentration is expressed as a function of time t and radial distance r. , ,in The dust concentration is at time t. The dust concentration sensor (302) is positioned at a fixed radial position. Real-time concentration measured value C( Substitute t) into the model, This is the fixed distance from the dust concentration sensor (302) mounting position to the center of the borehole. The dust generation per unit time is determined by the drilling speed v, borehole diameter d, and rock hardness coefficient. For soft rock, use 1.0; for medium-hard rock, use 1.5; and for hard rock, use 2.

0. , The dust generation calibration factor has a value range of 0.01-0.

05. The dust diffusion coefficient is determined by the fan speed n and the ambient wind speed. The ambient humidity φ is calculated. , This is the dust diffusion calibration coefficient, with a value ranging from 500 to 1000; applied at set time intervals. and Updates are calculated based on sensor data.

8. The control method for a vortex-type dust collection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for dividing the independent dust control sub-zones in step 4 is as follows: taking the center of the exhaust duct (203) as the reference, the dust control area is divided into an inner ring area, a middle ring area and an outer ring area according to the radial distance, which correspond to high concentration, medium concentration and low concentration dust areas respectively. Each area is independently configured with spray and vortex dust collection weight coefficients.

9. The control method for a vortex-type dust collection device according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 5, the fuzzy PID control adopts a dual-input, three-output structure. The inputs are the deviation e between the current dust concentration and the set threshold, and the rate of change of the deviation. The output includes the adjustment of the exhaust fan speed, the adjustment of the spray water volume, and the adjustment of the nozzle angle.

10. The control method for a vortex-type dust collection device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preset optimal dust collection distance mentioned in step S2 is ,in To set the initial height, The deviation between the current dust concentration and the set threshold. This is an adaptive adjustment coefficient, with a value range of -10 to -15.

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