Solar-driven separated adsorption refrigeration heat pipe for permafrost protection

Abstract

This invention discloses a solar-driven, split-type adsorption-cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection, comprising a solar adsorption unit, a condensation unit, an evaporation unit, a connecting pipe, a filling unit, and a supporting component. The solar adsorption unit absorbs heat under solar irradiation and drives an adsorption-cooling cycle. The condensation unit is connected to the solar adsorption unit to enhance heat exchange and achieve heat exchange between the system and the environment. The evaporation unit is connected to the condensation unit and buried in the permafrost area, filled with a liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat, continuously absorbing heat from the permafrost to achieve permafrost cooling. The connecting pipe connects the solar adsorption unit and the condensation unit, allowing the refrigerant to form a closed loop within the system. The filling unit is located on the condensation unit or the connecting pipe for filling the refrigerant. The supporting component supports the solar adsorption unit and fixes its angle to ensure it is in a suitable position for receiving solar radiation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of adsorption refrigeration technology, and in particular to a solar-driven split adsorption refrigeration heat pipe for permafrost protection. Background Technology

[0002] Most permafrost regions are widely distributed in high-latitude or high-altitude areas, and their thermal stability has a decisive impact on the safe operation of infrastructure. With climate warming and increased engineering activities, permafrost degradation, thaw settlement, and thermal disturbance are becoming increasingly prominent issues, and have become important factors restricting the long-term service of transportation engineering, energy engineering, and building engineering.

[0003] Existing permafrost cooling and thermal stabilization technologies mainly include ventilated roadbeds made of stones, thermosiphons, and active cooling systems. Among these, ventilated roadbeds and thermosiphons rely solely on natural heat dissipation, and their effectiveness is significantly affected by seasonal changes, resulting in insufficient cooling capacity during summer or transitional seasons. While active cooling systems can provide stable cooling capacity, they suffer from high energy consumption, complex operation and maintenance, and strong dependence on external energy sources, making them unsuitable for long-term unattended operation in remote permafrost areas.

[0004] Adsorption refrigeration technology utilizes the phase change and thermal effects that occur during the adsorption and desorption of the working fluid. It can achieve cooling output driven by a low-grade heat source and has advantages such as simple structure, reliable operation, and no need for electricity. In particular, the adsorption system using ammonia as the working fluid has the characteristics of low cooling temperature, large latent heat, and strong environmental adaptability, and has good application potential in the field of permafrost cooling.

[0005] However, existing adsorption refrigeration systems are mostly used in building air conditioning or industrial cooling scenarios. They are complex in structure, large in size, and usually require external cooling water or air cooling, making them difficult to directly adapt to the requirements of compact structure, passive operation, and long-term stability in permafrost engineering. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of device that can organically integrate solar energy, adsorption refrigeration, and heat pipe structure to achieve efficient, reliable, and low-maintenance cooling in permafrost regions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a solar-driven split adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection. By integrating a solar adsorption unit, a condensation unit, and an evaporation unit, it achieves active cooling without the need for external power, thereby effectively reducing permafrost temperature, suppressing thermal disturbances, and improving the long-term stability of engineering foundations.

[0007] To achieve the aforementioned objectives of the invention, the technical solution adopted to solve its technical problems is as follows: A solar-driven, split-type adsorption-cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection includes a solar adsorption unit, a condensation unit, an evaporation unit, connecting pipes, a filling unit, and supporting components, wherein: The solar adsorption unit is used to absorb heat under solar irradiation and drive an adsorption refrigeration cycle. The condensation unit is connected to the solar adsorption unit to enhance heat exchange and realize heat exchange between the system interior and the environment. The evaporation unit is connected to the condensation unit and is buried in the permafrost area. It is filled with liquid refrigerant, which is used to evaporate and absorb heat from the permafrost to achieve permafrost cooling. The connecting pipe connects the solar adsorption unit and the condensation unit, and is used to form a closed loop of the refrigerant inside the system. The charging unit is located on the condensing unit or the connecting pipeline and is used for charging the refrigerant. The supporting component is used to support and fix the angle of the solar adsorption unit to ensure that it is in a suitable position for receiving solar radiation.

[0008] Furthermore, the solar adsorption unit includes an adsorption bed, a solid adsorbent, a mass transfer pore tube, a connecting flange, and a solar collector tube, wherein: The adsorption bed is filled with a solid adsorbent; The solid adsorbent is composed of an adsorbent material that physically or chemically adsorbs the refrigerant, or a composite material thereof with a high thermal conductivity material. The mass transfer pore tube is disposed inside the solid adsorbent to enable the diffusion of gaseous refrigeration working fluid molecules inside the solid adsorbent. The connecting flange connects the solar adsorption unit to the connecting pipeline, and is used to achieve a sealed connection between the solar adsorption unit and the connecting pipeline, which facilitates the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the solar adsorption unit and thus improves the engineering adaptability of the device. The solar collector tube is located on the outside of the adsorption bed and is used to absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to the inside of the adsorption bed.

[0009] Preferably, the solar collector tube is a vacuum collector tube structure, or a collector tube structure with a selective absorption coating and a light-transmitting heat insulation layer, in order to improve solar energy absorption efficiency and reduce heat loss to the environment.

[0010] Preferably, the adsorbent material includes one or more of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, zeolite, molecular sieve, metal halide, metal-organic framework, covalent organic framework material, and hydrogen-bonded organic framework material; the high thermal conductivity material includes one or more of graphite, expanded graphite, sulfide expanded graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, copper, aluminum, nickel, boron nitride, silicon carbide, and alumina ceramic materials.

[0011] Furthermore, the condensation unit includes a condensation shell and heat transfer fins, wherein: The heat transfer fins are disposed on the outer surface of the condenser shell, and are sheet-like structures arranged along the axial direction of the condenser shell, and are integrally connected with the condenser shell to increase the heat exchange area with the environment. The condenser shell is a closed hollow tubular structure or a tubular structure with internal baffles, the baffles being arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the refrigerant.

[0012] Furthermore, the evaporation unit is a closed tubular structure, and the evaporation unit is directly connected to the bottom of the condensation unit, or connected to the condensation unit through a tapering tube.

[0013] Furthermore, the evaporation unit is filled with a liquid refrigerant, the filling amount being 10% to 80% of the volume, and the liquid refrigerant includes methanol, ethanol, ammonia, or a fluorinated refrigerant.

[0014] Furthermore, the filling unit includes a filling pipe and a filling valve, wherein: The filling pipe is located at the bottom of the condensation unit or on the connecting pipe, and the filling pipe is connected to the internal space of the system. The filling valve is installed on the filling pipe, and the filling valve is a valve structure that can be opened and closed.

[0015] Furthermore, the connecting pipeline includes a manifold and a flexible hose, wherein: The manifold is a tubular structure with one or more interfaces, which can connect one or more solar adsorption units in parallel to one or more condensation units; The flexible hose is connected to the manifold and has a certain degree of flexibility. It is sealed to the solar adsorption unit or condensation unit, which facilitates the disassembly and installation of individual solar adsorption units.

[0016] Furthermore, the supporting component is connected to the solar adsorption unit via a flange structure, which is used to clamp the solar adsorption unit and stably fix it at a certain angle.

[0017] By employing the above technical solutions, this invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: 1. Unlike traditional thermosiphons that rely on ambient temperature differences to drive phase change cycles, this invention introduces an active adsorption refrigeration mechanism. It uses solar energy as the primary input for system operation, altering the equilibrium state of the working fluid through physical or chemical adsorption between the adsorbent and the refrigerant, thereby significantly increasing the driving force of the refrigeration cycle. During the adsorption-desorption process of the active adsorption cycle, the phase change of the working fluid no longer depends solely on the ambient temperature difference but is dominated by changes in the adsorption equilibrium. This allows the system to achieve lower evaporation pressures and lower refrigeration temperatures, strengthening the original natural phase change cycle. Especially in summer or under conditions where the surface and underground temperature difference is insufficient and traditional phase change cycles are difficult to initiate, this invention can still continuously generate refrigeration through adsorption cycles, fundamentally overcoming the dependence of permafrost cooling on natural temperature differences. 2. This invention discloses a solar-driven, split-type adsorption-cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection. It employs a split, modular structural design, allowing the amount of refrigerant used in the adsorption cycle to be configured according to engineering requirements, thus achieving customized cooling capacity. By selecting combinations of the number of solar adsorption units, the size of the adsorption bed, and the volume and number of condensing and evaporating units, differentiated modular deployment schemes can be formed for different permafrost regions and varying thermal disturbance intensities. Furthermore, the units are detachably connected via flanges and pipelines, allowing for replacement, maintenance, or expansion without affecting the overall structural layout, enhancing the adaptability and maintainability of the device in long-term engineering applications. 3. This invention discloses a solar-driven, separate adsorption refrigeration heat pipe for permafrost protection. It aims to achieve low-energy, stable cooling in permafrost regions by integrating a solar adsorption unit, a condensation unit, and an evaporation unit, utilizing active adsorption and natural phase change cycles. The device absorbs solar radiation heat through the solar adsorption unit, driving the active adsorption cycle. This allows the refrigerant to undergo physical or chemical adsorption and desorption within the adsorbent, reducing the system's evaporation pressure, enhancing heat and mass transfer efficiency, and improving cooling performance. The condensation and evaporation units are connected by pipelines to form a natural phase change cycle. The evaporation unit is buried in the permafrost, achieving cooling through the evaporation and heat absorption of the liquid refrigerant. Compared to traditional technologies, this invention requires no external power and is suitable for long-term unattended operation in remote permafrost areas. Furthermore, the split, modular structural design allows for the configuration of the refrigerant used in the adsorption cycle according to project requirements, achieving customized cooling capacity. This invention has advantages such as simple structure, high energy efficiency, and convenient maintenance, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solar-driven split adsorption refrigeration heat pipe for permafrost protection according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a top view of a solar-driven split adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the solar adsorption unit of a solar-driven split adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to the present invention.

[0019] [Explanation of Key Symbols] 1: Solar adsorption unit; 1-1: Mass transfer pore tube; 1-2: Solid adsorbent; 1-3: Adsorption bed; 1-4: Connecting flange; 1-5: Solar collector tube; 2: Condensation unit; 2-1: Condensation shell; 2-2: Heat transfer fins; 3: Evaporation unit; 4: Filling unit; 4-1: Filling pipe; 4-2: Filling valve; 5: Connecting pipes; 5-1: Manifold; 5-2: Flexible hose; 6: Support components. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] Example 1 like Figures 1-3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a solar-driven split-type adsorption refrigeration heat pipe for permafrost protection, including a solar adsorption unit 1, a condensation unit 2, an evaporation unit 3, a connecting pipe 5, a filling unit 4, and a supporting component 6, wherein: The solar adsorption unit 1 is used to absorb heat under solar irradiation and drive an adsorption refrigeration cycle. The condensation unit 2 is connected to the solar adsorption unit 1 to enhance heat exchange and realize heat exchange between the system interior and the environment. The evaporation unit 3 is connected to the condensation unit 2 and is buried in the permafrost area. It is filled with liquid refrigerant, which is used to evaporate and absorb heat and continuously absorb heat from the permafrost to achieve permafrost cooling. The connecting pipe 5 connects the solar adsorption unit 1 and the condensation unit 2, and is used to form a closed loop of the refrigerant inside the system. The charging unit 4 is disposed on the condensing unit 2 or the connecting pipe 5 and is used for charging the refrigerant. The supporting component 6 is used to support and fix the angle of the solar adsorption unit 1 to ensure that it is in a suitable position for receiving solar radiation.

[0024] For details, please refer to the following: Figure 3 The solar adsorption unit 1 includes an adsorption bed 1-3, a solid adsorbent 1-2, a mass transfer pore tube 1-1, a connecting flange 1-4, and a solar collector tube 1-5, wherein: The adsorption bed 1-3 is filled with solid adsorbent 1-2; The solid adsorbent 1-2 is composed of an adsorbent material that physically or chemically adsorbs the refrigerant, or a composite material thereof with a high thermal conductivity material; The mass transfer pore tube 1-1 is disposed inside the solid adsorbent 1-2 to enable the diffusion of gaseous refrigeration working fluid molecules inside the solid adsorbent 1-2. The connecting flanges 1-4 connect the solar adsorption unit 1 and the connecting pipe 5 to achieve a sealed connection between the solar adsorption unit 1 and the connecting pipe 5, which facilitates the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the solar adsorption unit 1 and thus improves the engineering adaptability of the device. The solar collector tubes 1-5 are located on the outside of the adsorption bed 1-3 to absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to the interior of the adsorption bed 1-3.

[0025] Preferably, the solar collector tubes 1-5 are vacuum collector tube structures or collector tube structures with selective absorption coatings and light-transmitting heat insulation layers, in order to improve solar energy absorption efficiency and reduce heat loss to the environment.

[0026] In this embodiment, the adsorption material includes one or more of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, zeolite, molecular sieve, metal halide, metal-organic framework, covalent organic framework material, and hydrogen-bonded organic framework material; the high thermal conductivity material includes one or more of carbon-based materials such as graphite, expanded graphite, sulfide expanded graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, metal materials such as copper, aluminum, and nickel, and ceramic materials such as boron nitride, silicon carbide, and alumina.

[0027] refer to Figure 1 The condensation unit 2 includes a condensation shell 2-1 and heat transfer fins 2-2, wherein: The heat transfer fins 2-2 are disposed on the outer surface of the condenser shell 2-1, and are sheet-like structures arranged along the axial direction of the condenser shell 2-1, and are integrally connected with the condenser shell 2-1 to increase the heat exchange area with the environment. The condenser shell 2-1 may be equipped with a number of baffles, which are arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the refrigerant to extend the residence time of the refrigerant in the condenser unit 2 and enhance the heat exchange efficiency.

[0028] Furthermore, the evaporation unit 3 is a closed tubular structure, directly connected to the bottom of the condensation unit 2, or connected to the condensation unit 2 via a converging tube. The converging tube is used to guide the working fluid from the condensation unit to the evaporation unit 3 and to control the flow rate.

[0029] In this embodiment, the evaporation unit 3 is filled with a liquid refrigerant, the filling amount being 10% to 80% of its volume. The liquid refrigerant includes methanol, ethanol, ammonia, or a fluorinated refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant absorbs heat through evaporation, cooling the surrounding soil and thus achieving a cooling effect in the permafrost region. The evaporation unit 3 is connected to the condensation unit 2 via a converging pipe, forming a closed-loop system for refrigerant flow. The evaporation unit 3 is directly buried within the permafrost layer, absorbing heat from the soil to cool the permafrost and maintain its thermal stability.

[0030] refer to Figure 1The filling unit 4 includes a filling pipe 4-1 and a filling valve 4-2, wherein: The filling pipe 4-1 is located at the bottom of the condensation unit 2 or on the connecting pipe 5, and the filling pipe 4-1 is connected to the internal space of the system. The filling valve 4-2 is installed on the filling pipe 4-1. The filling valve 4-2 is a valve structure that can be opened and closed, which can control the connection between the system and the atmosphere, and facilitate maintenance and system adjustment.

[0031] refer to Figure 2 The connecting pipe 5 includes a manifold 5-1 and a flexible hose 5-2, wherein: The manifold 5-1 is a tubular structure with one or more interfaces, which can connect one or more solar adsorption units 1 in parallel to one or more condensation units 2; The flexible hose 5-2 is connected to the manifold 5-1 and has a certain degree of flexibility. It is sealed to the solar adsorption unit 1 or the condensation unit 2, which facilitates the disassembly and installation of a single solar adsorption unit 1.

[0032] Further reference Figure 1 The supporting component 6 is connected to the solar adsorption unit 1 through a flange structure, which is used to clamp the solar adsorption unit 1 and fix it stably at a certain angle.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, provides an operational scheme for a solar-driven, split-type adsorption refrigeration heat pipe for permafrost protection. Through these measures, this embodiment aims to improve the cooling effect and long-term stability of the heat pipe system in high-altitude permafrost regions.

[0034] In practical applications, compared with methanol, ethanol, and fluorinated refrigerants, ammonia has higher refrigeration efficiency and lower energy consumption. Furthermore, it can fully utilize phase change and thermal effects during the adsorption-desorption process to drive a low-grade heat source to achieve a lower refrigeration temperature. In this embodiment, the maximum temperature of the solar collector tubes 1-5 can exceed the ambient temperature by more than 40°C. The specific temperature is affected by the heat dissipation conditions of the light intensity, and the ambient temperature is generally between 20°C and 30°C. The solid adsorbent 1-2 is selected from halides and sulfide-expanded graphite, with ammonia as the refrigerant, to achieve an adsorption-refrigeration cycle.

[0035] The solar adsorption unit 1, condensation unit 2, filling unit 4, connecting pipe 5, and supporting components 6 are installed above ground, while the evaporation unit 3 is inserted into the frozen soil. The diameter of the evaporation unit 3 is 50mm-120mm, and its length can be adjusted according to the needs of roadbed control, typically set to 2m to 20m. The length of the condensation unit 2 is 1m to 5m. Regarding materials, the parts in contact with the working fluid, such as the mass transfer pore pipe 1-1, adsorption bed 1-3, connecting flange 1-4, condensation shell 2-1, evaporation unit 3, filling pipe 4-1, filling valve 4-2, manifold 5-1, and hose 5-2, are all made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel.

[0036] The condensing unit 2 is equipped with baffles to optimize the airflow path. These baffles are spaced apart along the working fluid flow direction, and their size, number, angle, and spacing can be adjusted according to specific flow requirements to ensure the working fluid remains in the condensing unit 2 for a sufficient time, thereby enhancing heat exchange. The condensing unit 2 and the evaporating unit 3 are connected by a tapered tube, the inner diameter of which is not less than the minimum inner diameter allowed for natural evaporation and reflux of the working fluid. If more efficient fluid control is required, self-regulating pipes or more precise fluid guiding devices can be considered as alternatives to improve the overall system performance.

[0037] The solar adsorption heat pipe for permafrost cooling operates in two modes: active adsorption cycle and natural phase change cycle. The active adsorption cycle includes four processes: heating desorption, condensation heat release, evaporation cooling, and cooling adsorption. During the day, the solar collector tubes 1-5 absorb solar radiation to heat the adsorption bed 1-3, driving the solid adsorbent 1-2 to desorb ammonia gas under heating. Then, the desorbed ammonia gas enters the condensation unit 2 through the connecting pipe 5, condensing into a liquid state at a lower ambient temperature and releasing heat. Under gravity, the liquid ammonia enters the evaporation unit 3. At night, the solar collector unit 1 cools naturally, creating an adsorption pressure difference between the liquid ammonia and the solid adsorbent 1-2, driving the liquid ammonia to evaporate and absorb heat, cooling the soil. Simultaneously, the evaporated gaseous ammonia is adsorbed by the solid adsorbent 1-2. The natural phase change cycle is consistent with the working process of a traditional thermosiphon, relying on natural heat dissipation. When the ambient temperature is lower than the permafrost temperature, the liquid ammonia in condensation unit 2 flows out due to gravity and enters evaporation unit 3 through the converging tube. In evaporation unit 3, the liquid ammonia absorbs heat from the surrounding environment at low temperatures and evaporates into a vapor state, thus lowering the permafrost temperature. Driven by the temperature potential difference, the vaporized ammonia returns to condensation unit 2 through evaporation, condenses in condensation unit 2, and releases heat into the atmosphere, forming a self-circulating process. Through the coupling of the adsorption cycle and the phase change cycle, the system can operate at a lower evaporation pressure, thereby effectively reducing the refrigeration temperature, enhancing heat and mass transfer efficiency, and improving the overall refrigeration effect.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection, characterized in that, It includes a solar adsorption unit, a condensation unit, an evaporation unit, connecting pipes, a filling unit, and supporting components, wherein: The solar adsorption unit is used to absorb heat under solar irradiation and drive an adsorption refrigeration cycle. The condensation unit is connected to the solar adsorption unit to enhance heat exchange and realize heat exchange between the system interior and the environment. The evaporation unit is connected to the condensation unit and is buried in the permafrost area. It is filled with liquid refrigerant, which is used to evaporate and absorb heat from the permafrost to achieve permafrost cooling. The connecting pipe connects the solar adsorption unit and the condensation unit, and is used to form a closed loop of the refrigerant inside the system. The charging unit is located on the condensing unit or the connecting pipeline and is used for charging the refrigerant. The supporting component is used to support and fix the angle of the solar adsorption unit to ensure that it is in a suitable position for receiving solar radiation.

2. The solar-driven split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solar adsorption unit includes an adsorption bed, a solid adsorbent, a mass transfer pore tube, a connecting flange, and a solar collector tube, wherein: The adsorption bed is filled with a solid adsorbent; The solid adsorbent is composed of an adsorbent material that physically or chemically adsorbs the refrigerant, or a composite material thereof with a high thermal conductivity material. The mass transfer pore tube is disposed inside the solid adsorbent to enable the diffusion of gaseous refrigeration working fluid molecules inside the solid adsorbent. The connecting flange connects the solar adsorption unit to the connecting pipeline, and is used to achieve a sealed connection between the solar adsorption unit and the connecting pipeline, which facilitates the installation, disassembly and maintenance of the solar adsorption unit and thus improves the engineering adaptability of the device. The solar collector tube is located on the outside of the adsorption bed and is used to absorb solar radiation and transfer heat to the inside of the adsorption bed.

3. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solar collector tube is a vacuum collector tube structure or a collector tube structure with a selective absorption coating and a light-transmitting heat insulation layer, in order to improve solar energy absorption efficiency and reduce heat loss to the environment.

4. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adsorption material includes one or more of activated carbon, activated carbon fiber, zeolite, molecular sieve, metal halide, metal-organic framework, covalent organic framework material, and hydrogen-bonded organic framework material; the high thermal conductivity material includes one or more of graphite, expanded graphite, sulfurized expanded graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, copper, aluminum, nickel, boron nitride, silicon carbide, and alumina ceramic materials.

5. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The condensation unit includes a condensation shell and heat transfer fins, wherein: The heat transfer fins are disposed on the outer surface of the condenser shell, and are sheet-like structures arranged along the axial direction of the condenser shell, and are integrally connected with the condenser shell to increase the heat exchange area with the environment. The condenser shell is a closed hollow tubular structure or a tubular structure with internal baffles, the baffles being arranged at intervals along the flow direction of the refrigerant.

6. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation unit is a closed tubular structure, and the evaporation unit is directly connected to the bottom of the condensation unit, or connected to the condensation unit through a tapering tube.

7. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporation unit is filled with a liquid refrigerant, the filling amount being 10% to 80% of the volume. The liquid refrigerant includes methanol, ethanol, ammonia, or a fluorinated refrigerant.

8. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filling unit includes a filling pipe and a filling valve, wherein: The filling pipe is located at the bottom of the condensation unit or on the connecting pipe, and the filling pipe is connected to the internal space of the system. The filling valve is installed on the filling pipe, and the filling valve is a valve structure that can be opened and closed.

9. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting pipeline includes a manifold and a flexible hose, wherein: The manifold is a tubular structure with one or more interfaces, which can connect one or more solar adsorption units in parallel to one or more condensation units; The flexible hose is connected to the manifold and has a certain degree of flexibility. It is sealed to the solar adsorption unit or condensation unit, which facilitates the disassembly and installation of individual solar adsorption units.

10. A solar-driven, split-type adsorption cooling heat pipe for permafrost protection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting component is connected to the solar adsorption unit via a flange structure, which is used to clamp the solar adsorption unit and fix it stably at a certain angle.

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