Bridge disease detection device and method of use

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of road and bridge detection, and discloses a road and bridge disease detection device and a use method, which comprise a running trolley body, the running trolley body moves on a road and bridge through a driving mechanism, a laser sensor for detecting the depth of a road and bridge crack is arranged at the bottom of the running trolley body, characterized in that a bottom cavity is arranged at the bottom of the running trolley body, a swing rod assembly rotates in the bottom cavity, and the laser sensor is arranged at the end of the swing rod assembly. In the detection of small cracks, a complete mechanical-circuit linkage control mechanism is designed, when the abutting rod is clamped into a crack and deflection occurs, the top metal block is in contact with the metal contact ring, a series of actions such as the second electromagnetic generator being powered off, the swing rod assembly being elongated, the metal plate being in contact with the metal contact, the first electromagnetic generator being powered on and the like are triggered in sequence, and finally the abutting rod is automatically lifted and reset. The whole process is automatically completed without manual intervention, the detection speed is high, and the response is sensitive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road and bridge inspection technology, and in particular to a road and bridge defect detection device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial component of transportation infrastructure, the structural safety of roads and bridges directly impacts traffic safety and efficiency. With increasing service life and repeated traffic loads, various defects inevitably appear on the surface of roads and bridges, among which cracks are one of the most common and damaging. Cracks not only affect the aesthetics and smoothness of roads and bridges but also allow moisture to seep into the base layer, accelerating structural damage and shortening the lifespan of the bridge. Therefore, regular crack detection on the surface of roads and bridges, and timely monitoring of the development of defects, are of great significance for maintenance management and repair decisions.

[0003] Crack detection in roads and bridges primarily employs two methods: manual inspection and semi-automated inspection. Manual inspection relies on inspectors walking or driving along the road or bridge surface to visually observe the cracks. Once cracks are discovered, their width is measured using a tape measure or ruler, and the data is recorded using marking tools. This method has significant drawbacks: firstly, it is inefficient, requiring substantial manpower and time for long-distance roads and bridges; secondly, it is difficult to accurately measure crack depth, making it impossible to comprehensively assess the severity of cracks. Most equipment can only identify the presence and width of cracks, but cannot measure their depth, making it difficult to determine the extent to which cracks affect structural safety.

[0004] To address this, we designed a road and bridge defect detection device and its usage method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that most existing devices can only identify the existence and width of cracks, but cannot measure the depth of cracks, making it difficult to determine the degree of impact of cracks on structural safety. Therefore, this invention proposes a road and bridge defect detection device and its usage method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A road and bridge defect detection device includes a trolley body that moves on the road and bridge via a drive mechanism. A laser sensor for detecting the depth of road and bridge cracks is installed at the bottom of the trolley body. The device is characterized in that a bottom cavity is formed at the bottom of the trolley body, and a swing rod assembly is rotatably arranged in the bottom cavity. The laser sensor is arranged at the end of the swing rod assembly. A directional rod is arranged coaxially along the forward direction of the trolley body in the bottom cavity. A sliding shaft platform rotatably connected to the swing rod assembly is slidably arranged on the directional rod. An electric trigger is also arranged on the directional rod to trigger the forward and backward movement of the trolley body. The swing arm assembly is equipped with a stop bar at its end, and the swing arm assembly drives the stop bar to abut against the road and bridge through a reset spring. The stop bar is equipped with a counting device to mark the cracks in the road and bridge.

[0007] Preferably, the bottom of the trolley body is provided with a roller bracket, and multiple roller brackets are provided. The roller brackets are provided with drive rollers, and the drive mechanism is used to drive the drive rollers to rotate in both directions.

[0008] Preferably, the sliding shaft platform and the electric trigger are abutted against each other by a first reset spring and a second reset spring, respectively. A limit baffle is vertically provided on the sliding shaft platform, and a pressing sensor is provided on the limit baffle. The swing rod assembly is rotatably connected on the sliding shaft platform through a rotating shaft. One end of the reset spring is connected to the rotating shaft, and the other end is connected to the sliding shaft platform.

[0009] Preferably, the swing arm assembly includes a first swing plate and a second swing plate. The second swing plate is provided with a rod that is inserted into the first swing plate. A third return spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the rod, and the first swing plate and the second swing plate are connected by the third return spring. An end plate is provided at the end of the second swing plate, a stop rod is inserted into the end plate, and a laser sensor is provided on the end plate.

[0010] Preferably, the second swing plate has a swing cavity, and the abutment is inserted into the swing cavity. The abutment is fitted with a rubber sleeve, a top metal block is provided at the top of the abutment, and a fourth return spring is fitted on the outer wall of the abutment. The fourth return spring is used to drive the abutment to press down.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall of the swing cavity is provided with an annular metal contact ring, and a gap is left between the metal contact ring and the top metal block.

[0012] Preferably, the first swing plate is provided with a built-in cavity, and one end of the plug rod is inserted into the built-in cavity. The end of the plug rod extending into the built-in cavity is provided with an end iron block, and a second electromagnetic generator is provided in the built-in cavity. The second electromagnetic generator is connected to the top metal block through a circuit, a metal contact ring, and a circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the insert rod is provided with a metal plate that slides within the internal cavity, and the side wall of the internal cavity is provided with metal contacts.

[0014] Preferably, a magnet is also provided on the first swing plate, a side plate is fixed on the sliding shaft platform, and a first electromagnetic generator is installed on the side plate. The first electromagnetic generator is connected to the metal plate and metal contacts through a circuit.

[0015] The specific steps for using a road and bridge defect detection device are as follows: S1: Place the trolley body on the road bridge surface to be inspected, start the drive mechanism to make the trolley body move forward at a constant speed, and at the same time, the reset spring drives the swing rod assembly to swing downward, and the fourth reset spring pushes the push rod to extend, so that the rubber sleeve at the bottom of the push rod keeps in close contact with the road bridge surface. S2: When the abutment encounters a small crack, it gets stuck in the crack. As the trolley body continues to move forward, the abutment deflects in the swing chamber. The top metal block at its top contacts the metal contact ring, triggering the second electromagnetic generator to cut off the power. The third reset spring drives the swing rod assembly to extend. S3: The swing rod assembly extends and drives the metal plate to contact the metal contact point, triggering the first electromagnetic generator to generate a magnetic field, attracting the magnet on the first swing plate, causing the entire swing rod assembly to swing upward, driving the stop rod to lift out of the small crack. The counting device records one small crack detection data, and then each component automatically resets to continue detection. S4: When the stop bar encounters a large crack, it goes deeper into the crack along with the end plate. The end plate gets stuck on the other side of the crack, and the trolley body continues to move forward, causing the sliding shaft platform to slide backward along the guide bar until it contacts the electric trigger. S5: After the electric trigger is activated, the control system drives the trolley body to move backward. During the backward movement, the swing rod assembly swings upward until it reaches a vertical position and contacts the pressing sensor. The control system stops the trolley body and starts the laser sensor to measure the depth of the large crack. The counting device records one large crack detection data. S6: After the measurement is completed, the control system restarts and the trolley body continues to move forward. The swing rod assembly swings downward again under the action of the reset spring, the sliding shaft table resets under the action of the reset spring, and the stop rod contacts the road and bridge surface again to continue subsequent testing.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention designs a complete mechanical-electrical linkage control mechanism for detecting small cracks. When the abutment rod deflects into the crack, the top metal block contacts the metal contact ring, sequentially triggering a series of actions such as de-energizing the second electromagnetic generator, extending the swing rod assembly, contacting the metal plate with the metal contact point, and energizing the first electromagnetic generator. Ultimately, the abutment rod automatically lifts and resets. The entire process is completed automatically without manual intervention, offering fast detection speed and sensitive response.

[0017] 2. This invention employs a sliding shaft displacement triggering mechanism for large crack detection. When the end plate engages with the large crack, the sliding shaft slides backward along the directional rod, triggering a signal that drives the trolley body to automatically retreat, causing the swing rod assembly to swing to a vertical position. This facilitates the laser sensor's vertical downward measurement of the crack depth. This design eliminates the need for complex positioning devices, ensuring accurate alignment of the laser sensor with the crack bottom and achieving high measurement precision. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a road and bridge defect detection device proposed in this invention; Figure 2 These are the upper and lower isometric views of a road and bridge defect detection device proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trolley body in the road and bridge defect detection device proposed in this invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 5 This is an isometric view of the upper and lower isometric views of the trolley body in the road and bridge defect detection device proposed in this invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 7 This is a front sectional view of the trolley body in a road and bridge defect detection device proposed in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the swing rod assembly in a road and bridge defect detection device proposed in this invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged structural diagram at point C; Figure 10 for Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point D.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Trolley body; 2. Roller bracket; 3. Drive roller; 4. Bottom cavity; 5. Orientation rod; 6. Sliding shaft platform; 7. Electric trigger; 8. First return spring; 9. Second return spring; 10. Swing rod assembly; 101. First swing plate; 102. Second swing plate; 11. Rotating shaft; 12. Reset spring; 13. Limiting baffle; 14. Press sensor; 15. Side plate; 16. First electromagnetic generator; 17. Magnet piece; 18. End plate; 19. Abutment rod; 20. Laser sensor; 21. Insert rod; 22. Third reset spring; 23. Internal cavity; 24. End iron block; 25. Metal plate; 26. Metal contact; 27. Second electromagnetic generator; 28. Rubber sleeve; 29. ​​Top metal block; 30. Swinging cavity; 31. Metal contact ring; 32. Fourth reset spring. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Reference Figures 1-10A road and bridge defect detection device includes a trolley body 1, which moves on the road and bridge via a drive mechanism. Multiple roller supports 2 are installed at the bottom of the trolley body 1, and drive rollers 3 are mounted on the roller supports 2. The drive mechanism drives the drive rollers 3 to rotate forward and backward. The trolley body 1 is made of high-strength, lightweight metal material and has an overall rectangular box structure, providing good structural rigidity and vibration resistance. The trolley body 1 moves autonomously on the road and bridge surface via the drive mechanism, which includes a drive motor, a transmission shaft, and a control system, enabling the trolley body 1 to move forward, backward, stop, and adjust its speed.

[0021] The drive roller 3 is made of wear-resistant rubber material with anti-slip texture to ensure good grip and stability when driving on road and bridge surfaces. The drive mechanism is connected to the drive roller 3, and the forward and backward movement of the trolley body 1 is realized by controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the drive motor.

[0022] The sliding shaft platform 6 and the electric trigger 7 are abutted by the first reset spring 8 and the second reset spring 9, respectively. The electric trigger 7 is a contact sensor used to detect the displacement state of the sliding shaft platform 6. The sliding shaft platform 6 is vertically provided with a limit baffle 13, and a pressing sensor 14 is provided on the limit baffle 13. The swing rod assembly 10 is rotatably connected to the sliding shaft platform 6 through the rotating shaft 11. One end of the reset spring 12 is connected to the rotating shaft 11, and the other end is connected to the sliding shaft platform 6. This double spring structure can ensure that the sliding shaft platform 6 can automatically reset to the initial position after being moved by force. The preload of the reset spring 12 makes the swing rod assembly 10 always have a downward swing tendency, thereby ensuring that the abutment 19 at its end can maintain close contact with the road and bridge surface. The swing rod assembly 10 is provided with an abutment 19 at its end, and the swing rod assembly 10 drives the abutment 19 to abut against the road and bridge through the reset spring 12. A counting device for marking road and bridge cracks is provided on the abutment 19.

[0023] The drive mechanism drives the drive roller 3 on the roller bracket 2 to rotate in the forward direction, which in turn drives the trolley body 1 to move on the road bridge. Then, under the action of the reset spring 12, the swing rod assembly 10 can be driven to rotate on the sliding shaft platform 6 through the rotating shaft 11. The abutment 19 inserted on the end plate 18 at the other end of the swing rod assembly 10 will abut against the surface of the road bridge. Therefore, during the movement of the trolley body 1, the abutment 19 on the swing rod assembly 10 will slide together on the surface of the road bridge. If there is a crack on the surface of the road bridge, the abutment 19 will have two trigger states.

[0024] The limiting baffle 13 is an L-shaped metal plate, with its horizontal part fixedly connected to the sliding shaft platform 6 and its vertical part extending upward. A pressing sensor 14 is fixedly installed on the side of the vertical part of the limiting baffle 13 facing the swing arm assembly 10. The pressing sensor 14 is a micro switch or pressure sensor, used to detect whether the swing arm assembly 10 has swung to the vertical state.

[0025] A laser sensor 20 for detecting the depth of road and bridge cracks is installed at the bottom of the trolley body 1. The trolley body 1 has a bottom cavity 4 at its bottom, and a swing rod assembly 10 rotates within the bottom cavity 4. The swing rod assembly 10 includes a first swing plate 101 and a second swing plate 102. A rod 21 is inserted into the first swing plate 101 on the second swing plate 102. A third return spring 22 is sleeved on the outer wall of the rod 21, and the first swing plate 101 and the second swing plate 102 are connected by the third return spring 22. An end plate 18 is provided at the end of the second swing plate 102, and a stop rod 19 is inserted into the end plate 18. The laser sensor 20 is mounted on the end plate 18, and a laser sensor 20 is also fixedly installed on the end plate 18. The laser sensor 20 is located on one side of the stop rod 19, and its laser emission direction is vertically downward, used to measure the depth of cracks on the road and bridge surface. The laser sensor 20 uses a high-precision laser ranging module, with a measurement accuracy down to the millimeter level.

[0026] The insertion rod 21 is inserted into the insertion hole of the first swing plate 101, achieving a sliding connection between the two. A third return spring 22 is sleeved on the outer wall of the insertion rod 21. One end of the third return spring 22 abuts against the end face of the first swing plate 101, and the other end abuts against the end face of the second swing plate 102. Under no external force, the third return spring 22 keeps the first swing plate 101 and the second swing plate 102 in a retracted state.

[0027] The second swing plate 102 has a swing cavity 30, and the abutment rod 19 is inserted into the swing cavity 30. The abutment rod 19 is fitted with a rubber sleeve 28, and a top metal block 29 is provided on the top of the abutment rod 19. A fourth return spring 32 is fitted on the outer wall of the abutment rod 19, and the fourth return spring 32 is used to drive the abutment rod 19 to press down. The preload of the fourth return spring 32 makes the abutment rod 19 always have a downward extension tendency, ensuring that the rubber sleeve 28 can maintain contact with the road and bridge surface.

[0028] A stop rod 19 is inserted into the bottom of the end plate 18. The stop rod 19 is a cylindrical rod whose lower end passes through the end plate 18 and extends downward to contact the surface of the road and bridge. A rubber sleeve 28 is fitted onto the bottom of the stop rod 19. The rubber sleeve 28 is made of wear-resistant rubber material, which can protect the stop rod 19 from wear and increase the friction with the surface of the road and bridge, thereby improving the detection sensitivity.

[0029] The inner wall of the swing cavity 30 is provided with an annular metal contact ring 31, and a gap is left between the metal contact ring 31 and the top metal block 29. The metal contact ring 31 is an annular conductive element, and its inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the top metal block 29, with an annular gap between them. When the abutment rod 19 is in a vertical state, the top metal block 29 and the metal contact ring 31 are not in contact; when the abutment rod 19 is deflected, the top metal block 29 and the metal contact ring 31 come into contact, forming an electrical connection.

[0030] If a small crack appears, the trolley body 1 will pass over the crack during its movement. At this time, the abutment rod 19 will slide against the ground under the action of the reset spring 12. When passing over the small crack, the abutment rod 19 will get stuck in the crack on the road bridge. As the trolley body 1 continues to move, the abutment rod 19 stuck in the small crack will no longer move. Therefore, the abutment rod 19 will swing and squeeze the rubber sleeve 28, causing the abutment rod 19 to deflect. Then, the top metal block 29 at the top of the abutment rod 19 will connect with the metal contact ring 31 on the inner wall of the swing cavity 30 under the action of deflection.

[0031] The first swing plate 101 has an internal cavity 23, and one end of the insertion rod 21 is inserted into the internal cavity 23. An end iron block 24 is provided at one end of the insertion rod 21 extending into the internal cavity 23. A second electromagnetic generator 27 is disposed within the internal cavity 23. The second electromagnetic generator 27 is connected to the top metal block 29 via a circuit and a metal contact ring 31. The end iron block 24 is made of a magnetically conductive material and can generate displacement under the influence of a magnetic field. The second electromagnetic generator 27 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the internal cavity 23. The second electromagnetic generator 27 is an electromagnet structure; when energized, it generates a magnetic field that attracts the end iron block 24 to move downwards, thereby keeping the first swing plate 101 and the second swing plate 102 in a contracted state.

[0032] A metal plate 25 is mounted on the insertion rod 21 and slides within the internal cavity 23. Metal contacts 26 are located on the side wall of the internal cavity 23. The metal plate 25 is made of conductive material and is situated within the internal cavity 23. The metal contacts 26 are fixedly mounted on the side wall of the internal cavity 23 and are conductive spring-loaded structures. When the insertion rod 21 moves the metal plate 25 to a specific position, the metal plate 25 contacts the metal contacts 26, forming an electrical connection.

[0033] The second electromagnetic generator 27 is connected to the metal contact ring 31 and the top metal block 29 via a circuit, which can turn off the second electromagnetic generator 27. At this time, the effect of attracting the end iron block 24 by the magnetic field disappears, so the first swing plate 101 and the second swing plate 102 will be stretched, and then the metal plate 25 will be brought into contact with the metal contact 26, and the first electromagnetic generator 16 will be turned on. The magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic generator 16 can attract the magnet 17 on the first swing plate 101, thereby lifting the entire rod 19 and separating it from the small crack. During the lifting process, the top metal block 29 at the top of the rod 19 is reset under the action of the fourth return spring 32 and is no longer in contact with the metal contact ring 31. Thus, the second electromagnetic generator 27 attracts the end iron block 24 again, causing the metal plate 25 to separate from the metal contact 26, thereby disconnecting the first electromagnetic generator 16. At this time, the rod 19 is pressed down again and against the road bridge, and the counting device counts once.

[0034] The laser sensor 20 is set at the end of the swing arm assembly 10. A directional rod 5 is set in the bottom cavity 4, which is coaxially arranged along the forward direction of the running trolley body 1. A sliding shaft platform 6 that is rotatably connected to the swing arm assembly 10 is slidably set on the directional rod 5. An electric trigger 7 that triggers the running trolley body 1 to move back and forth is also set on the directional rod 5. A magnet 17 is also provided on the first swing plate 101. A side plate 15 is fixed on the sliding shaft platform 6, and a first electromagnetic generator 16 is installed on the side plate 15. The first electromagnetic generator 16 is connected to the metal plate 25 and the metal contact 26 through a circuit. The first electromagnetic generator 16 is an electromagnet structure. After being energized, it generates a magnetic field, attracting the magnet 17, thereby lifting the swing rod assembly 10 to a vertical state. The first electromagnetic generator 16 is connected to the metal plate 25 and the metal contact 26 through a circuit. The second electromagnetic generator 27 is connected to the metal contact ring 31 and the top metal block 29 through a circuit.

[0035] If a large crack is encountered, the end plate 18, along with the abutment rod 19, will penetrate into the crack. The abutment rod 19 on the end plate 18 will not be stuck by the crack, thus preventing the top metal block 29 from contacting the metal contact ring 31. At this point, the first electromagnetic generator 16 remains in a state where it does not attract the magnet 17. As the trolley body 1 continues to move, the end plate 18 at the end of the swing arm assembly 10 will engage the other side of the large crack, disengaging the sliding shaft 6 and the electric trigger 7. The electric trigger 7 senses the disengagement and then reverses the drive mechanism, causing the trolley body 1 to reverse. As the trolley body 1 moves backward, the swing arm assembly 10 will continuously swing vertically until it touches the pressing sensor 14 on the limit baffle 13. At this point, the swing arm assembly 10 is in a vertical state, and the laser sensor 20 on the end plate 18 is activated to measure the depth of the large crack. The counting device then counts again, and the number and size of the cracks on the road and bridge are determined based on the count from the counting device. This circuit connection method enables the automatic transmission and control of the detection signal.

[0036] The working principle of this invention is as follows: First, the drive mechanism is turned on, causing the drive roller 3 on the roller bracket 2 to rotate in the forward direction. This allows the trolley body 1 to move on the road bridge. Then, under the action of the reset spring 12, the swing rod assembly 10 can rotate on the sliding shaft 6 through the rotating shaft 11. The abutment 19 inserted on the end plate 18 at the other end of the swing rod assembly 10 will abut against the surface of the road bridge. Therefore, during the movement of the trolley body 1, the abutment 19 on the swing rod assembly 10 will slide together on the surface of the road bridge. If there is a crack on the surface of the road bridge, the abutment 19 will have two trigger states. If a small crack appears, the trolley body 1 will cross it during its movement. At this time, the abutment rod 19 will slide along with the ground under the action of the reset spring 12. When crossing the small crack, the abutment rod 19 will become stuck in the crack on the road. As the trolley body 1 continues to move, the abutment rod 19, stuck in the small crack, will no longer move, causing it to swing. Simultaneously, it will squeeze the rubber sleeve 28, causing the abutment rod 19 to deflect. Then, the top metal block 29 of the abutment rod 19 will connect with the metal contact ring 31 on the inner wall of the swing cavity 30 under the deflection. The second electromagnetic generator 27 is connected to the metal contact ring 31 and the top metal block 29 via a circuit, thus shutting down the second electromagnetic generator 27. At this point, the magnetic field... When the effect of attracting the end iron block 24 disappears, the first swing plate 101 and the second swing plate 102 will be stretched, which will then drive the metal plate 25 to contact the metal contact 26 and activate the first electromagnetic generator 16. The magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic generator 16 can attract the magnet 17 on the first swing plate 101, thereby lifting the entire push rod 19 and separating it from the small crack. During the lifting process, the top metal block 29 at the top of the push rod 19 is reset under the action of the fourth return spring 32 and is no longer in contact with the metal contact ring 31. As a result, the second electromagnetic generator 27 attracts the end iron block 24 again, causing the metal plate 25 to separate from the metal contact 26, thereby disconnecting the first electromagnetic generator 16. At this time, the push rod 19 is pressed down again and against the road bridge. The counting device counts once at this time. If a large crack is encountered, the end plate 18, along with the abutment rod 19, will penetrate into the crack. The abutment rod 19 on the end plate 18 will not be stuck by the crack, so the top metal block 29 will not contact the metal contact ring 31. That is, the first electromagnetic generator 16 is still in the state of not attracting the magnet 17. As the trolley body 1 continues to run, the end plate 18 at the end of the swing rod assembly 10 will be stuck on the other side of the large crack, and will disengage the sliding shaft 6 and the electric trigger 7. At this time, the electric trigger 7 senses that the two have disengaged, and then drives the drive mechanism in the opposite direction to make the trolley body 1 reverse. As the trolley body 1 moves backward, the swing rod assembly 10 will swing vertically continuously until it touches the pressing sensor 14 on the limit baffle 13. At this time, the swing rod assembly 10 is in a vertical state, and then the laser sensor 20 on the end plate 18 is activated to measure the depth of the large crack. The counting device counts again at this time, and finally the number of cracks and the size of the gaps on the road and bridge are determined based on the count of the counting device.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A road and bridge defect detection device, comprising a trolley body (1), the trolley body (1) moving on the road and bridge via a drive mechanism, wherein a laser sensor (20) for detecting the depth of road and bridge cracks is provided at the bottom of the trolley body (1), characterized in that, The bottom cavity (4) of the trolley body (1) is provided, and the swing rod assembly (10) is rotated in the bottom cavity (4). The laser sensor (20) is set at the end of the swing rod assembly (10). The bottom cavity (4) is provided with a directional rod (5) coaxially arranged along the forward direction of the trolley body (1). A sliding shaft platform (6) rotatably connected to the swing rod assembly (10) is slidably arranged on the directional rod (5). An electric trigger (7) is also provided on the directional rod (5) to trigger the trolley body (1) to move back and forth. The swing arm assembly (10) is provided with a stop rod (19) at its end, and the swing arm assembly (10) drives the stop rod (19) to abut against the road and bridge through the reset spring (12). The stop rod (19) is provided with a counting device for marking road and bridge cracks.

2. The road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the trolley body (1) is provided with a roller bracket (2), and there are multiple roller brackets (2). A drive roller (3) is provided on the roller bracket (2), and the drive mechanism is used to drive the drive roller (3) to rotate in both directions.

3. The road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sliding shaft platform (6) and the electric trigger (7) are abutted by the first reset spring (8) and the second reset spring (9) respectively. The sliding shaft platform (6) is vertically provided with a limit baffle (13), and a press sensor (14) is provided on the limit baffle (13). The swing rod assembly (10) is rotatably connected on the sliding shaft platform (6) through the rotating shaft (11). One end of the reset spring (12) is connected to the rotating shaft (11), and the other end is connected to the sliding shaft platform (6).

4. The road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The swing arm assembly (10) includes a first swing plate (101) and a second swing plate (102). The second swing plate (102) is provided with a plug rod (21) that is inserted into the first swing plate (101). A third return spring (22) is sleeved on the outer wall of the plug rod (21). The first swing plate (101) and the second swing plate (102) are connected by the third return spring (22). An end plate (18) is provided at the end of the second swing plate (102). A stop rod (19) is inserted into the end plate (18). A laser sensor (20) is provided on the end plate (18).

5. The road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second swing plate (102) has a swing cavity (30) and a stop rod (19) is inserted into the swing cavity (30). The stop rod (19) is fitted with a rubber sleeve (28). A top metal block (29) is provided on the top of the stop rod (19). A fourth return spring (32) is fitted on the outer wall of the stop rod (19). The fourth return spring (32) is used to drive the stop rod (19) to press down.

6. The road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the swing cavity (30) is provided with a ring-shaped metal touch ring (31), and there is a gap between the metal touch ring (31) and the top metal block (29).

7. The road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first swing plate (101) is provided with an internal cavity (23), and one end of the plug rod (21) is inserted into the internal cavity (23). One end of the plug rod (21) extending into the internal cavity (23) is provided with an end iron block (24), and a second electromagnetic generator (27) is provided in the internal cavity (23). The second electromagnetic generator (27) is connected to the top metal block (29) through the circuit with the metal contact ring (31).

8. The road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The insert (21) is provided with a metal plate (25) that slides in the internal cavity (23), and the side wall of the internal cavity (23) is provided with metal contacts (26).

9. A road and bridge defect detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A magnet (17) is also provided on the first swing plate (101), a side plate (15) is fixed on the sliding shaft platform (6), and a first electromagnetic generator (16) is installed on the side plate (15). The first electromagnetic generator (16) is connected to the metal plate (25) and the metal contact (26) through the circuit.

10. A method of using a road and bridge defect detection device, applied to the road and bridge defect detection device of claim 9, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: S1: Place the trolley body on the road bridge surface to be inspected, start the drive mechanism to make the trolley body move forward at a constant speed, and at the same time, the reset spring drives the swing rod assembly to swing downward, and the fourth reset spring pushes the push rod to extend, so that the rubber sleeve at the bottom of the push rod keeps in close contact with the road bridge surface. S2: When the abutment encounters a small crack, it gets stuck in the crack. As the trolley body continues to move forward, the abutment deflects in the swing chamber. The top metal block at its top contacts the metal contact ring, triggering the second electromagnetic generator to cut off the power. The third reset spring drives the swing rod assembly to extend. S3: The swing rod assembly extends and drives the metal plate to contact the metal contact point, triggering the first electromagnetic generator to generate a magnetic field, attracting the magnet on the first swing plate, causing the entire swing rod assembly to swing upward, driving the stop rod to lift out of the small crack. The counting device records one small crack detection data, and then each component automatically resets to continue detection. S4: When the stop bar encounters a large crack, it goes deeper into the crack along with the end plate. The end plate gets stuck on the other side of the crack, and the trolley body continues to move forward, causing the sliding shaft platform to slide backward along the guide bar until it contacts the electric trigger. S5: After the electric trigger is activated, the control system drives the trolley body to move backward. During the backward movement, the swing rod assembly swings upward until it reaches a vertical position and contacts the pressing sensor. The control system stops the trolley body and starts the laser sensor to measure the depth of the large crack. The counting device records one large crack detection data. S6: After the measurement is completed, the control system restarts and the trolley body continues to move forward. The swing rod assembly swings downward again under the action of the reset spring, the sliding shaft table resets under the action of the reset spring, and the stop rod contacts the road and bridge surface again to continue subsequent testing.

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