Synthetic material for detecting ultraviolet radiation and / or x-radiation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a material represented by the following formula (I): (M')8(M''M''')6O 24 (X,S)2:M'''; formula (I). Furthermore, the present invention relates to an ultraviolet radiation- sensitive material, to an X-radiation-sensitive material, to different uses, to a device and to a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application filed on May 8, 2017, with application number 201780028683.3 and entitled "Synthetic materials for detecting ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to materials, ultraviolet radiation sensing materials, X-ray radiation sensing materials, apparatus, uses of the materials, and methods for measuring the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation. Background of the Invention

[0003] Elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation—whether from sunlight or tanning UV devices—have the adverse effect of increasing the likelihood of skin cancer, other skin diseases, and premature skin aging. Therefore, it is important to know when to seek protection from UV radiation and when to apply or reapply sunscreen.

[0004] UV-responsive photochromic organic molecules that change color upon UV exposure can be used. Currently, such devices exist, such as UV-indicating bracelets and cards, which can be used to indicate the level of solar UV radiation. These devices are based on organic molecules, such as spirochetes. Azides, spiropyrans, succinic anhydrides, succinic imides, diimidazoles, and violetine derivatives. Typically, the color from these materials disappears after UV exposure is removed, making them reusable indicators; however, some are only for single use. However, many reusable photochromic molecules have short lifespans and therefore lose their function after prolonged or intense UV exposure. However, spiropyrans... The effects of razor amines may last for two to three years. (The text abruptly ends here, likely due to an incomplete sentence or missing information.) The disadvantage of azines is their high price. The high price and short lifespan reduce the availability of these materials in photochromic UV indicator devices.

[0005] The inventors thus recognized the need for long-term, stable, low-cost ultraviolet radiation sensing materials.

[0006] Purpose of the invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel material and its uses. Furthermore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ultraviolet radiation sensing material and its uses. Furthermore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an X-ray radiation sensing material and its uses. Furthermore, the purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus. Furthermore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for measuring the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation. Invention Overview

[0008] The characteristics of the material of the present invention are set forth in claim 1.

[0009] The features of the ultraviolet radiation sensing material of the present invention are set forth in claim 15.

[0010] The features of the X-ray sensing material of the present invention are set forth in claim 16.

[0011] The features of the device of the present invention are set forth in claim 17.

[0012] The features of the use of the material of the present invention are set forth in claim 19, claim 21 or claim 22.

[0013] The features of the method of the present invention are presented in claim 23. Overview of the attached figures

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are included to further understand the invention and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, help to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 The test results of Example 5 are disclosed; Figure 2 The test results of Example 6 are disclosed; Figure 3a and Figure 3b The test results of Example 7 are disclosed; Figure 4 The test results of Example 8 are disclosed; and Figure 5 The test results of Example 9 are disclosed. Invention Details

[0015] This invention relates to the material represented by the following formula (I).

[0016] (M')8(M''M''')6O 24 (X,S)2:M''''

[0017] Formula (I)

[0018] in

[0019] M' represents a combination of at least two different monatomic cations selected from Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table; M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation selected from Group 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or from any transition element selected from Groups 3-12 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations. M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from elements in Group 14 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; X represents an anion of an element selected from Group 16 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such anions; and M'''' represents a doped cation of an element selected from rare earth metals or transition metals selected from the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations, or wherein M'''' is not present.

[0020] The present invention further relates to materials represented by the following formula (I).

[0021] (M')8(M''M''')6O 24 (X,S)2:M''''

[0022] Formula (I)

[0023] in

[0024] M' represents a monatomic cation of an alkali metal selected from Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations. M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation selected from Group 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or from any transition element selected from Groups 3-12 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations. M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from elements in Group 14 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; X represents an anion of an element selected from Group 16 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such anions; and M'''' represents a doped cation of an element selected from rare earth metals or transition metals selected from the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations, or wherein M'''' is not present.

[0025] The present invention further relates to materials represented by the following formula (I).

[0026] (M')8(M''M''')6O 24 (X,S)2:M''''

[0027] Formula (I)

[0028] in

[0029] M' represents a combination of at least two different monatomic cations selected from Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table; M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation selected from Group 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or from any transition element selected from Groups 3-12 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations. M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from elements in Group 14 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; X represents an anion of an element selected from Group 16 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such anions; or X represents an anion of an element selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination of such anions; and M'''' represents a doped cation of an element selected from rare earth metals or transition metals selected from the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations, or wherein M'''' is not present.

[0030] The present invention further relates to materials represented by the following formula (I).

[0031] (M')8(M''M''')6O 24 (X,S)2:M''''

[0032] Formula (I)

[0033] in

[0034] M' represents a monatomic cation of an alkali metal selected from Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations. M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation selected from Group 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or from any transition element selected from Groups 3-12 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations. M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from elements in Group 14 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; X represents an anion of an element selected from Group 16 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such anions; or X represents an anion of an element selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination of such anions; and M'''' represents a doped cation of an element selected from rare earth metals or transition metals selected from the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations, or wherein M'''' is not present.

[0035] In one embodiment, M' represents a monatomic cation of an alkali metal selected from Na, Li, K, and Rb, or any combination of such cations.

[0036] In one embodiment, M' represents a monatomic cation of an alkali metal selected from Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; provided that M' does not represent a single monatomic cation of Na.

[0037] This material is a synthetic material. That is, it is prepared through synthesis. This invention relates to synthetic materials represented by formula (I).

[0038] (M')8(M''M''')6O 24 (X,S)2:M''''

[0039] Formula (I)

[0040] in

[0041] M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table; M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation selected from Group 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or from any transition element selected from Groups 3-12 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from Group 14 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; X represents an anion of an element selected from Group 16 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such anions; and M'''' represents a cation of an element selected from rare earth metals or transition metals selected from the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations, or wherein M'''' is not present.

[0042] This invention relates to synthetic materials represented by formula (I).

[0043] (M')8(M''M''')6O 24 (X,S)2:M''''

[0044] Formula (I)

[0045] in

[0046] M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table; M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation selected from Group 13 of the IUPAC periodic table or from any transition element selected from Groups 3-12 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from Group 14 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; X represents an anion of an element selected from Group 16 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such anions; or X represents an anion of an element selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination of such anions; and M'''' represents a cation of an element selected from rare earth metals or transition metals selected from the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations, or wherein M'''' is not present.

[0047] In this specification, unless otherwise stated, the term "monatomic ion" should be understood as an ion consisting of a single atom. If an ion contains more than one atom, even if these atoms are of the same element, it should be understood as a polyatomic ion. Therefore, in this specification, unless otherwise stated, the term "monatomic cation" should be understood as a cation consisting of a single atom.

[0048] Hackmanite, a variety of sodalite materials, has the chemical formula Na8Al6Si6O. 24 (Cl,S)₂ is a natural mineral. The inventors have surprisingly discovered that a material based on synthetic sodalite capable of detecting ultraviolet radiation can be prepared. The inventors have also surprisingly discovered that, upon application of ultraviolet radiation, this synthetic material exhibits a technical effect of displaying color intensity proportional to the radiance of the sensed or detected radiation. The inventors have further discovered that a material can be prepared that has the additional benefit of not changing color in the absence of ultraviolet radiation, and thus can be used to indicate the presence of ultraviolet radiation. This material can therefore be used to detect and indicate, for example, the amount of ultraviolet B and ultraviolet C radiation that causes sunburn.

[0049] Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 10 nm (30 PHz) to 400 nm (750 THz). The electromagnetic spectrum of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can be subdivided into several ranges recommended by the ISO standard ISO-21348, including ultraviolet A (UVA), ultraviolet B (UVB), and ultraviolet C (UVC). The wavelength of UVA is generally considered to be 315–400 nm, the wavelength of UVB is generally considered to be 280–320 nm, and the wavelength of UVC is generally considered to be 100–290 nm.

[0050] In one embodiment, the ultraviolet radiation includes ultraviolet A radiation, ultraviolet B radiation, and / or ultraviolet C radiation. In one embodiment, the ultraviolet radiation consists of ultraviolet A radiation, ultraviolet B radiation, and / or ultraviolet C radiation. In one embodiment, the ultraviolet radiation is ultraviolet A radiation, ultraviolet B radiation, and / or ultraviolet C radiation.

[0051] In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, and wherein the combination contains at most 66 mol% of Na monatomic cations. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, and wherein the combination contains at most 50 mol% of Na monatomic cations. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, and wherein the combination contains at most 40 mol% of Na monatomic cations, or at most 30 mol% of Na monatomic cations, or at most 20 mol% of Na monatomic cations.

[0052] In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, wherein the combination comprises 0-98 mol% of Na monatomic cations. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, wherein the combination comprises 0-98 mol%, or 0-95 mol%, or 0-90 mol%, or 0-85 mol%, or 0-80 mol%, or 0-70 mol% of Na monatomic cations. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, wherein the combination comprises 0-100 mol% of K monatomic cations. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, wherein the combination comprises 0-100 mol% of Rb monatomic cations. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals in Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table, wherein the combination contains 0-100 mol% of monatomic cations of Li.

[0053] In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals, Li, Na, K, and Rb. In another embodiment, M' represents a combination of two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals, Li, Na, K, and Rb. In yet another embodiment, M' represents a combination of three monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals, Li, Na, K, and Rb. In yet another embodiment, M' represents a combination of monatomic cations of Li, Na, K, and Rb.

[0054] In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of a Na monoatom cation with a Li monoatom cation, a K monoatom cation, and / or a Rb monoatom cation. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of a Na monoatom cation with a K monoatom cation or a Rb monoatom cation. In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of a Na monoatom cation with a K monoatom cation and a Rb monoatom cation.

[0055] In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of Na monoatomic cations and K monoatomic cations; or a combination of Na monoatomic cations and Rb monoatomic cations; or a combination of K monoatomic cations and Rb monoatomic cations; or a combination of Na monoatomic cations, K monoatomic cations and Rb monoatomic cations; or a combination of K monoatomic cations and Rb monoatomic cations.

[0056] In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of a monatomic cation of Li and a monatomic cation of Na; or a combination of a monatomic cation of Li and a monatomic cation of K; or a combination of a monatomic cation of Li and a monatomic cation of Rb; or a combination of a monatomic cation of Li, a monatomic cation of K and a monatomic cation of Rb; or a combination of a monatomic cation of Li, a monatomic cation of Na, a monatomic cation of K and a monatomic cation of Rb.

[0057] In one embodiment, M' represents a monatomic cation of Li. In one embodiment, M' represents a monatomic cation of K. In one embodiment, M' represents a monatomic cation of Rb.

[0058] The effect of combining at least two monatomic cations of different alkali metals selected from Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table is that it enables the preparation of a material sensitive to ultraviolet A, ultraviolet B, and / or ultraviolet C radiation. The effect of this combination is that it enables the preparation of a material capable of indicating the presence of at least one, or all, of ultraviolet A, ultraviolet B, and ultraviolet C radiation.

[0059] In one embodiment, M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation of a metal selected from Al and Ga, or a combination of such cations.

[0060] In one implementation, M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation of B.

[0061] In one embodiment, M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from Si and Ge, or a combination of such cations.

[0062] In one embodiment, X represents an anion of an element selected from F, Cl, Br and I, or any combination of such anions.

[0063] In one embodiment, X represents an anion of an element selected from O, S, Se, and Te, or any combination of such anions.

[0064] In one embodiment, the material is represented by formula (I), where M'''' is absent. In this embodiment, the material is undoped.

[0065] In one embodiment, the material is doped with at least one rare earth metal ion and / or at least one transition metal ion. In another embodiment, the material is doped with at least one rare earth metal ion and at least one transition metal ion. In yet another embodiment, the material is doped with either at least one rare earth metal ion or at least one transition metal ion.

[0066] In one embodiment, the material is represented by formula (I), where M'''' represents a cation of an element selected from rare earth metals or transition metals selected from the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations.

[0067] In one embodiment, M'''' represents a cation selected from Eu and Tb, or a combination of such cations. In another embodiment, M'''' represents a cation selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, or any combination of such cations.

[0068] In one embodiment, M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals, Li, Na, K, and Rb, wherein the combination is selected to give the material a predetermined absorption limit. In this specification, unless otherwise stated, the term "absorption limit" should be understood as an energy threshold above which the material will change color.

[0069] In one embodiment, the material is configured to change color upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, wherein the correlation between the color intensity of the material and the intensity of ultraviolet radiation is calculated based on Equation 1 below: y = A1 e (x / t1) + y0 Formula 1 The parameters have the following meanings: y = Color intensity [percentage of black] A1 = Amplitude of color x = UV index value [%] of sunlight or UV lamp power related to UVA, UVB, and / or UVC. t1 = Color growth constant y0 = Initial offset of color.

[0070] Based on Equation 1 above, the radiation intensity can be calculated from the color intensity as follows: x = t1 [ln(y - y0)-lnA1].

[0071] In one implementation, for solar UVI detection, A1 = -1 to -15, t1 = -30 to -5 and y0 = 5 to 20.

[0072] In one implementation, for UVA detection, A1 = -1.5 to -0.1, t1 = -30 to -10, and y0 = 9.5 to 10.5.

[0073] In one implementation, for UVB detection, A1 = -3.0 to -1.8, t1 = -450 to -20, and y0 = 11 to 13.

[0074] In one implementation, for UVC detection, A1 = -3.0 to -1.8, t1 = -200 to -15, and y0 = 12 to 13.

[0075] Variations in the combination of at least two different alkali metal monatomic cations selected from Group 1 of the IUPAC periodic table can prepare a material that can be tuned to detect ultraviolet A radiation, ultraviolet B radiation, and / or ultraviolet C radiation.

[0076] In one embodiment, the material is selected from (Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Na,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Na,K,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2:Eu、(Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2:Tb、(Li,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Li,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Li,K,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2 and (Li, Na,K,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2.

[0077] In one embodiment, the material is (Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (F 0.7 S 0.1 2. The material can be used to sense X-ray radiation.

[0078] In one embodiment, the material is (Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl 0.8 S 0.05 2. The material can be used to sense ultraviolet radiation.

[0079] In one embodiment, the material is synthesized by Norrbo et al. using stoichiometric amounts of zeolite A and Na₂SO₄, as well as LiCl, NaCl, KCl, and / or RbCl, as raw materials (Norrbo, I.; G.). Uuchowski, P.;Paturi, P.; Sinkkonen, J.; Lastusaari, M., Persistent Luminescence ofTenebrescent Na8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2: Multifunctional Optical Markers. Inorg. Chem. 2015, 54, 7717-7724), this reference is based on Armstrong & Weller (Armstrong, JA; Weller, JA Structural Observation of Photochromism. Chem. Commun. 2006, 1094-1096). At least one dopant may be added in the form of an oxide (such as Eu2O3 or Tb4O7). The material can be prepared as follows: Zeolite A is first dried at 500 °C for 1 hour. The initial mixture is then heated in air at 850 °C for 48 hours. The product is then allowed to cool freely to room temperature and ground. Finally, the product is reheated at 850 °C for 2 hours in a flowing atmosphere of 12% H2 + 88% N2. The prepared material is washed with water to remove any excess LiCl / NaCl / KCl / RbCl impurities. Purity can be verified by X-ray powder diffraction.

[0080] The present invention further relates to an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, wherein the material is the material of one or more embodiments described in this specification. The present invention further relates to an ultraviolet radiation sensing material, wherein the ultraviolet radiation sensing material comprises the material of one or more embodiments described in this specification.

[0081] The present invention further relates to an X-ray sensing material, wherein the material is the material of one or more embodiments described in this specification.

[0082] The present invention further relates to an ultraviolet and X-ray radiation sensing material, wherein the material is the material of one or more embodiments described in this specification.

[0083] The present invention further relates to an apparatus comprising materials of one or more embodiments described in this specification. In one embodiment, the apparatus is an ultraviolet radiation sensor, an ultraviolet radiation detector, or an ultraviolet radiation indicator. In one embodiment, the apparatus is an X-ray radiation sensor, an X-ray radiation detector, an X-ray radiation indicator, or an X-ray radiation dose indicator.

[0084] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation indicators can be used, for example, in labels on skin creams or sunscreens, where color changes remind users to take sun protection measures. The material can also be used, for example, on the exterior of windows to alert residents to UV radiation levels before going outdoors. The material can also be mixed as a powder into raw materials used to produce plastic bottles, stickers, glass, and similar products that require UV indicators. This provides the product itself with a UV indicator. Products containing this material are also envisioned as jewelry. The material can be used as the display part of instruments that are calibrated based on color tone.

[0085] The present invention further relates to the use of the materials of the invention for indicating the presence of ultraviolet radiation. In one embodiment, the ultraviolet radiation is ultraviolet A radiation, ultraviolet B radiation, and / or ultraviolet C radiation.

[0086] The present invention further relates to the use of the material of the present invention for indicating the presence of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of 0.01-400 nm, or 10-400 nm, or 0.01-10 nm.

[0087] The present invention further relates to the use of the materials of the present invention for indicating the presence of X-ray radiation. X-ray radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 nm to 10 nm.

[0088] The inventors have also surprisingly discovered that the synthetic materials described in this application possess the technical effect of displaying color intensity upon exposure to X-ray radiation, the color intensity being proportional to the dose of radiation sensed or detected. The inventors have also discovered that a material can be prepared that has the additional utility of not changing color in the absence of X-ray radiation, and thus can be used to indicate the presence of X-ray radiation. This material can therefore be used to detect and indicate the amount of X-ray radiation.

[0089] The present invention further relates to the use of the materials of the present invention for indicating the presence of ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation.

[0090] The present invention further relates to the use of the materials of the present invention in security devices. In one embodiment, the security device is selected from wire, foil, and holograms. In one embodiment, the security device is ink. In one embodiment, the security device is used on banknotes, passports, or identity cards.

[0091] The present invention further relates to a method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation, wherein the method comprises: a) Provide materials for one or more embodiments described in this specification; b) Apply ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation to the material provided in step a); c) Determine the color change of the material caused by ultraviolet and / or X-ray radiation; and d) Compare the material’s color with a reference that indicates the correlation between the intensity of ultraviolet and / or X-ray radiation and the material’s color.

[0092] The present invention further relates to a method for measuring the intensity of ultraviolet radiation, wherein the method includes: a) Provide materials for one or more embodiments described in this specification; b) Apply ultraviolet radiation to the material provided in step a); c) Determine the color change of materials exposed to ultraviolet radiation; and d) Compare the material's color with a reference that indicates the correlation between the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and the material's color.

[0093] The present invention further relates to a method for measuring the intensity of X-ray radiation, wherein the method includes: a) Provide materials for one or more embodiments described in this specification; b) Apply X-rays to the material provided in step a); c) Determine the color change of materials caused by X-ray radiation; and d) Compare the material's color with a reference that indicates the correlation between the intensity of X-ray radiation and the material's color.

[0094] The present invention further relates to the use of the materials of the present invention.

[0095] In one embodiment, a method is provided for determining the intensity of X-ray radiation and the dose of X-ray radiation obtained.

[0096] In one implementation, step c) includes visually measuring the color change of the material.

[0097] The reference object can be, for example, a card or the like, indicating the correlation between the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation and the color intensity of the material. In one embodiment, the color intensity of the material is used to indicate the value of the UV index. In one embodiment, the correlation between the color intensity of the material and the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation is calculated based on the following formula: y = A1 e (x / t1) + y0 Formula 1 The parameters have the following meanings: y = Color intensity [percentage of black] A1 = Color Range x = UV index value [%] of sunlight or UV lamp power associated with UVA, UVB, and / or UVC. t1 = Color growth constant y0 = Initial offset of color.

[0098] The embodiments of the present invention described above can be used in any combination with each other. Multiple embodiments can be combined together to form further embodiments of the present invention. Materials, devices, or uses related to the present invention may include at least one embodiment of the present invention described above.

[0099] This material has the added benefit of being a low-cost material, providing stability even at high UV levels and white light decolorization.

[0100] The material has the added benefit of not changing color in the absence of UV radiation.

[0101] The material has the added benefit of being able to be reused by using visible light or heating to turn its color back to colorless (white).

[0102] This material has excellent ability to track the spectrum of erythema effects, making it particularly effective at monitoring the additional effects of UVB and UVC that cause sunburn.

[0103] The material has the added benefit that its color intensity under sunlight can be used to indicate UV index values.

[0104] This material has the additional utility of indicating the presence of X-ray radiation.

[0105] Example

[0106] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

[0107] The following description discloses in detail some embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to utilize the invention based on this disclosure. Not all steps of this embodiment are discussed in detail, as many steps will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on this specification.

[0108] Example 1 - Preparation of (Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2

[0109] Prepare (Na,K)8Al6Si6O in the following manner 24 The material represented by (Cl,S)2 is: 0.7000 g of dried (at 500°C for 1 hour) zeolite A, 0.0600 g of Na2SO4, and 0.3067 g of KCl powder mixed together. This mixture was heated in air at 850°C for 48 hours. The product was allowed to cool freely to room temperature and ground. Finally, the product was reheated at 850°C for 2 hours in a flowing atmosphere of 12% H2 + 88% N2.

[0110] Example 2 - Preparation of (Na,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2

[0111] Prepare (Na,Rb)8Al6Si6O in the following manner 24 The material represented by (Cl,S)2 is: 0.7000 g of dried (at 500°C for 1 hour) zeolite A, 0.0600 g of Na2SO4, and 0.4957 g of RbCl powder mixed together. This mixture was heated in air at 850°C for 48 hours. The product was allowed to cool freely to room temperature and ground. Finally, the product was reheated at 850°C for 2 hours in a flowing atmosphere of 12% H2 + 88% N2.

[0112] Example 3 - Preparation of (Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2 (hereinafter referred to as "Na,K composition 2")

[0113] Prepare (Na,K)8Al6Si6O in the following manner 24 The material represented by (Cl,S)2 is: 0.7000 g of dried (at 500°C for 1 hour) zeolite A, 0.0600 g of Na2SO4, and 0.1800 g of NaCl mixed with 0.0675 g of KCl powder. This mixture was heated in air at 850°C for 48 hours. The product was allowed to cool freely to room temperature and ground. Finally, the product was reheated at 850°C for 2 hours in a flowing atmosphere of 12% H2 + 88% N2.

[0114] Example 4 - Preparation of (Na,K)8Al6Si6O24 (Cl,S)2:Eu

[0115] Prepare (NaK)8Al6Si6O in the following manner 24 The material represented by (Cl,S)2:Eu consists of 0.7000 g of dried (at 500°C for 1 hour) zeolite A, 0.0600 g of Na2SO4, 0.1800 g of NaCl, 0.0675 g of KCl powder, and 0.002 g of Eu2O3 powder. This mixture was heated in air at 850°C for 48 hours. The product was allowed to cool freely to room temperature and ground. Finally, the product was reheated at 850°C for 2 hours in a flowing atmosphere of 12% H2 + 88% N2.

[0116] Example 5 – Samples of materials prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3 were tested.

[0117] Samples of the materials prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3 were tested by irradiating them for 1 minute at selected wavelengths from 200 to 450 nm using a Varian CaryEclipse luminescence spectrometer. After each irradiation, the sample holder was photographed, and the irradiated and unirradiated portions were analyzed using ImageJ to obtain color intensity. The samples were then replaced and irradiated again with the next wavelength. The resulting color intensities were normalized to obtain a value of zero for the uncolored portion and a value of 1 for the strongest irradiation. The results are shown in... Figure 1 The value indicates the absorption limit of the prepared material for coloring.

[0118] Example 6 - Samples of materials prepared in Examples 1, 2 and 4 for testing

[0119] By using a solar-powered analog lamp (LOT / QD LS0500) and employing 300 to 1200 W / m 2 Samples of the materials prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 4 were tested by irradiating them with different irradiance levels for 1 minute. The irradiance was measured using a handheld Seaward Solar Survey 100 device. After irradiation, the change in the reflectance spectrum of the material was measured using an Avantes AvaSpec 2084×14 spectrometer connected to a 600-micron optical fiber. Reflectance was measured under irradiation from a 60 W incandescent bulb located 20 cm above the sample. The resulting reflectance spectrum was integrated in the visible wavelength range (400-700 nm) using Origin 2015 software (OriginLab) to obtain the total change in reflectance. This reflectance value was divided by the reflectance value obtained for carbon black to obtain a value describing the color intensity (compared to a completely black material). For example, (Na,K)8Al6Si6O was obtained as follows. 24Correlation between color intensity and UV index of (Cl,S)2: Color intensity [% of black] = -11.4 exp (UV指数 / -6.64) +13.9 The results show Figure 2 The results show that the color intensity of the prepared material is a function of sunlight intensity and UV index.

[0120] Example 7 - Samples of materials prepared in Examples 1 and 2 for testing

[0121] Samples of the materials prepared in Examples 1 and 2 were tested using a Varian Cary Eclipse luminescence spectrometer with UVA (330-350 nm), UVB (295-315 nm), and UVC (260-280 nm) radiation. After each irradiation, the sample holder was photographed, and the irradiated and unirradiated portions were analyzed using ImageJ to obtain color intensity. This intensity value was divided by the intensity value obtained for carbon black to obtain a value describing the color intensity (compared to a completely black material). The sample was then replaced and irradiated again with the next higher power. The results are shown in […]. Figure 3a and Figure 3b The results show that the color intensity of the prepared material is a function of the UV lamp intensities for UVA, UVB, and UVC. The following describes how (Na,Rb)8Al6Si6O was obtained. 24 Color intensity of (Cl,S)2: Color intensity [% of black] = -0.4 exp (UVA灯功率[%] / -25.6) +10.0 Color intensity [% of black] = -2.6 exp (UVB灯功率[%] / -446) +12.7 Color intensity [% of black] = -2.0 exp (UVC灯功率[%] / -177) +12.4 Example 8 – Samples of materials prepared in Example 1 for testing Samples of the material prepared in Example 1 were tested and compared with a commercially available ultraviolet (UV) indicator card (Good Life Innovations Ltd / Color Changing, UK). The testing procedure was the same as described in Example 5 above. Additionally, the erythema action spectrum was tested according to the procedure described in Webb, AR, Slaper, H., Koepke, P., and Schmalwieser, AW, Know your standard: Clarifying the erythema action spectrum, Photochemistry and Photobiology 87 (2011) 483-486. The results showed... Figure 4 In it, (Na,K)8Al6Si6O is shown. 24 Comparison of the colorimetric absorption limit of (Cl,S)2 with that of commercially available UV indicator cards and the erythema spectrum of human skin (dashed line).

[0122] Example 9 - Samples of materials prepared in Example 2 for testing

[0123] Through exposure to CuK X-rays (wavelength = 0.15 nm, energy = 8.05 keV) were used to test samples of the material prepared in Example 2. The results showed... Figure 5 The results demonstrate the effect of X-ray dose on the color intensity of a material. The results show that the color intensity of the material increases linearly with increasing X-ray dose. Therefore, this color intensity can be used as a sensor for X-ray dose. D = aC + b in D = X-ray dose; a = calibration constant 1; C = color intensity; and b = calibration constant 2.

[0124] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the basic idea of ​​this invention can be implemented in various ways as technology advances. Therefore, this invention and its embodiments are not limited to the embodiments described above; rather, they can be varied within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An ultraviolet radiation sensing and / or X-ray radiation sensing material represented by formula (I) below. (M’)8(M’’M’’’)6O 24 (X,S)2:M’’’’ Formula (I) in M' represents a combination of Na monatomic cations and K monatomic cations, a combination of Na monatomic cations and Rb monatomic cations, a combination of K monatomic cations and Rb monatomic cations, a combination of Li monatomic cations and K monatomic cations, or a combination of Li monatomic cations and Rb monatomic cations; or M' represents a combination of three monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals: Li, Na, K, and Rb; or M' represents a combination of monatomic cations of Li, Na, K, and Rb; M'' represents a trivalent monoatomic cation selected from Group 13 of the IUPAC periodic table, or a trivalent monoatomic cation selected from any group of transition elements in Groups 3-12 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations. M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from Group 14 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such cations; X represents an anion of an element selected from Group 16 of the IUPAC periodic table, or any combination of such anions; or X represents an anion of an element selected from F, Cl, Br, and I, or any combination of such anions; and Where M'''' represents a cation of an element selected from Eu and Tb, or a combination of such cations.

2. The material of claim 1, wherein M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation selected from Al and Ga, or a combination of such cations.

3. The material as claimed in claim 1, wherein M'' represents a trivalent monatomic cation of B.

4. The material of claim 1, wherein M''' represents a monatomic cation selected from Si and Ge, or a combination of such cations.

5. The material of claim 1, wherein X represents an anion of an element selected from O, S, Se and Te, or any combination of such anions.

6. The material of claim 1, wherein M' represents a combination of at least two different alkali metal monatomic cations selected from Li, Na, K and Rb, wherein the combination comprises 70-98 mol% of Na monatomic cations.

7. The material of claim 1, wherein M' represents a combination of at least two monatomic cations selected from different alkali metals selected from Na, K and Rb, and wherein the combination is selected such that the material has a predetermined absorption limit.

8. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is configured to change color upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, wherein the correlation between the color intensity of the material and the intensity of ultraviolet radiation is calculated based on Equation 1 below: y = A1 yes (x / t1) + y0 Formula 1 The parameters have the following meanings: y = Color intensity [percentage of black] A1 = Color Range x = UV index value [%] of sunlight or UV lamp power associated with UVA, UVB, and / or UVC. t1 = Color growth constant y0 = Initial offset of color.

9. The material of claim 1, wherein the material is selected from (Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Na,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Na,K,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2:Eu、(Na,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2:Tb、(Li,K)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Li,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2、(Li,K,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2 and (Li,Na,K,Rb)8Al6Si6O 24 (Cl,S)2.

10. An apparatus, characterized in that... The device comprises the material as defined in any one of claims 1-9.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatus is an ultraviolet radiation sensor, an ultraviolet radiation detector, or an ultraviolet radiation indicator.

12. Use of the material as defined in any one of claims 1-9 for indicating the presence of ultraviolet radiation.

13. The use as described in claim 12, wherein the ultraviolet radiation is ultraviolet A radiation, ultraviolet B radiation, and / or ultraviolet C radiation.

14. Use of the material as defined in any one of claims 1-9 for indicating the presence of X-ray radiation.

15. Use of the material as defined in any one of claims 1-9 in a safety device.

16. A method for determining the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation, wherein the method comprises: a) Provide the material as defined in any one of claims 1-9; b) Apply ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation to the material provided in step a); c) Measure the color change of the material caused by the ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation; and d) Compare the color of the material with a reference that indicates the correlation between the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and / or X-ray radiation and the material color.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein step c) comprises visually measuring the color change of the material.

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