A displacement amplification type self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism

Abstract

The application discloses a displacement amplification type self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism and belongs to the technical field of structural vibration control and energy dissipation shock reduction. The damper is driven by a rack to rotate a gear, realizes amplification transmission of input displacement through the gear and rack mechanism, and drives an arc-shaped friction pair to produce slip to realize friction energy dissipation. The arc-shaped friction surface and a disc spring pre-pressing system are coupled, the compression amount of the disc spring changes with displacement in the relative rotation process, the contact pressure of the friction pair and the restoring force dynamically evolve, thereby forming nonlinear variable hysteresis performance with amplitude dependence characteristics; meanwhile, the elastic restoring force of the disc spring and the arc-shaped geometric restoring effect jointly act, and the self-resetting function of the damper is realized. The device has low initial stiffness under small displacement, has stronger energy dissipation capacity and recovery capacity under large displacement, can effectively reduce structural residual deformation, and is suitable for seismic and shock reduction control of building and bridge structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a self-resetting damper, particularly a displacement-amplified self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism, belonging to the field of structural vibration control and energy dissipation damping technology. Background Technology

[0002] With increasingly stringent requirements for the seismic performance of building structures, traditional seismic design methods that rely on the energy dissipation of structural components through plastic deformation are gradually revealing significant shortcomings. Under strong earthquakes, critical components such as beam-column joints and supporting members often suffer irreversible damage, resulting in substantial residual deformation, high post-earthquake repair costs, and even loss of usability. Therefore, how to effectively dissipate seismic energy while reducing residual structural displacement and achieving "recoverable functionality" has become an important research direction in the field of seismic structural design.

[0003] Friction dampers are widely used in structural vibration reduction due to their simple construction, stable energy dissipation capacity, and minimal susceptibility to environmental influences. Existing friction dampers mostly employ planar friction pairs, using bolt preload to provide normal pressure, which dissipates energy through frictional slippage when relative displacement occurs in the structure. However, this type of device still has the following problems:

[0004] (1) When the interlayer displacement of the structure is small, the friction pair slips insufficiently, making it difficult to fully utilize the energy dissipation capacity; (2) The friction interface is usually a planar contact, and the force is singular, which easily leads to local stress concentration and uneven wear; (3) It lacks effective self-resetting ability and is prone to large residual displacement after earthquake; (4) It is difficult to balance energy consumption capacity and structural recovery capacity.

[0005] On the other hand, self-resetting devices (such as disc springs, shape memory alloys, etc.) can provide restoring force after the structure is unloaded, reducing residual deformation, but their energy dissipation capacity is relatively limited and they usually need to be used in combination with energy dissipation devices.

[0006] To address the issue of insufficient energy dissipation in small-displacement structural systems, displacement amplification technology has been increasingly incorporated into damper design. Through mechanisms such as racks and pinions, and levers, small input displacements can be converted into larger internal displacements, thereby improving the deformation capacity of energy-dissipating components. However, existing displacement amplification devices primarily focus on motion conversion functions and fail to effectively couple with frictional energy dissipation and self-resetting mechanisms.

[0007] Furthermore, traditional planar friction pairs are prone to uneven contact and frictional force fluctuations during cyclic loading, affecting the stability of the damper's performance. Therefore, a novel friction interface design is urgently needed to improve the stress state of the friction pair.

[0008] Because of its continuous curvature, the contact normal direction of the arc-shaped friction surface changes continuously during the sliding process, which can effectively reduce stress concentration and generate a geometric recovery effect to a certain extent, thus providing additional recovery capability for the damper.

[0009] Therefore, the organic combination of the gear and rack displacement amplification mechanism, the arc friction energy dissipation mechanism, and the disc spring self-resetting mechanism to construct a new type of damper that can achieve efficient energy dissipation under small displacement and has good self-resetting capability is of great significance for improving the seismic performance of structures. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To address the aforementioned deficiencies in the existing technology, this invention proposes a displacement-amplified self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism to solve the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A displacement-amplified self-resetting damper based on a rack and pinion mechanism includes a rack and pinion drive system, a gear system, a transmission frame, a disc spring preload system, and a guide system. The rack and pinion drive system is used to receive structural input displacement and mesh with the gear system to convert linear displacement into rotational motion. The rack and pinion drive system and the gear system are both set between the transmission frame. The gear system is fixedly set on the transmission frame by the disc spring preload system. The guide system is also connected between the rack and pinion drive system and the transmission frame to limit the rack and pinion drive system to move only along the damper axis. The gear system consists of an outer arc-shaped friction component, an inner arc-shaped friction component, and a gear. Both the outer and inner arc-shaped friction components have arc-shaped friction surfaces, which fit together to form an arc-shaped friction pair. The gear meshes with a rack and pinion transmission system. Driven by the rack and pinion transmission system, the gear system rotates, causing the inner and outer arc-shaped friction components to rotate relative to each other. Their arc-shaped friction surfaces fit together to form an arc-shaped friction pair, providing frictional damping force. The outer arc-shaped friction component is fixed to the transmission frame, and the inner arc-shaped friction component is fixed to the gear. The disc spring preload system provides normal preload to the arc-shaped friction pair, enabling stable friction. During the rotation of the gear system, the compression of the disc spring preload system changes with displacement, causing dynamic changes in the contact pressure of the arc-shaped friction pair. The radius of action of the arc-shaped friction pair is larger than the pitch circle radius of the gear, making the sliding displacement of the arc-shaped friction pair greater than the input displacement of the rack and pinion transmission system, thereby achieving displacement amplification. Since the change in the compression of the disc spring preload system is coupled with the relative rotation of the arc-shaped friction pair, the restoring force of the damper changes nonlinearly with the displacement amplitude, thus forming a variable hysteresis characteristic. During the unloading phase, the disc spring preload system releases elastic potential energy and works together with the geometric restoration effect of the arc-shaped friction surface to restore the damper to its initial position, thereby achieving a self-resetting function.

[0012] Furthermore, the rack and pinion transmission system is provided with a rack, guide rail a, and guide rail b; the rack is located at the middle of the upper and lower end faces of the rack and pinion transmission system and meshes with the gear; the guide rail a and guide rail b are respectively arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the rack and pinion transmission system; the end of the rack and pinion transmission system is provided with a connecting hole for connecting to the building structure.

[0013] Furthermore, guide rail screw holes are provided at both ends and on the inner side of the transmission frame; reinforcing sections are provided at both ends of the transmission frame, with limit screw holes provided on them.

[0014] Furthermore, the disc spring preload system consists of a preloaded disc spring, an anti-shear pin, and a high-strength fastening nut; the gear system is placed in the middle of the anti-shear pin, and both ends of the anti-shear pin pass through the limiting screw holes provided on the reinforcing sections at both ends of the transmission frame, and then pass through the gear system; both ends of the preloaded disc spring are respectively restricted to the inside of the high-strength fastening nut and the outside of the reinforcing section; the high-strength fastening nut is used to adjust the disc spring preload system.

[0015] Furthermore, the outer arc-shaped friction component is fixedly connected to the reinforcing section of the transmission frame; the inner arc-shaped friction component is fixedly connected to the gear.

[0016] Furthermore, the guiding system comprises a guide screw, a limiting nut, a limiting steel tube a, and a limiting steel tube b. The guide screw passes through the guide rail screw hole on the transmission frame, restricting the axial movement of the guiding system in the damper. Simultaneously, the guide screw also passes through the guide rails a and b of the rack transmission system to ensure that the rack transmission system only moves along the damper axial direction. The limiting steel tubes a and b are respectively located between the rack transmission system and the transmission frame, and the guide screw passes through both the limiting steel tubes a and b. The limiting nut is fixedly located at the outer end of the guide screw.

[0017] Furthermore, multiple rack and pinion transmission systems, multiple gear systems, and multiple disc spring preload systems are provided between the two transmission frames.

[0018] Furthermore, the rack and pinion transmission system is used to receive the input displacement of the structure, mesh with the gear, and convert linear displacement into rotational motion; the outer arc-shaped friction component and the inner arc-shaped friction component of the arc-shaped friction pair are in contact with each other to provide frictional damping force; the disc spring preload system is used to provide preload to generate stable frictional force in the arc-shaped friction pair, and the contact pressure of the disc spring preload system increases with the increase of displacement, thereby forming a nonlinear restoring force, giving the damper a variable hysteresis effect.

[0019] Furthermore, if the pitch circle radius of the gear is r and the radius of the arc-shaped friction pair is R, then the displacement amplification factor of the damper is λ = R / r.

[0020] The principle is as follows: when the building structure undergoes relative displacement under the action of earthquake or external load, the displacement is transmitted to the rack and pinion drive system through the connection hole, so that the rack moves linearly along the axis of the damper; The rack meshes with the gears in the gear system, converting linear motion into rotational motion; during the rotation of the gears, the inner arc-shaped friction components rigidly connected to them rotate synchronously. An arc-shaped friction pair is formed between the inner arc-shaped friction component and the outer arc-shaped friction component fixed on the transmission frame, and the arc-shaped friction surfaces of the two are in contact with each other. During the rotation of the gear, relative sliding occurs between the inner arc-shaped friction component and the outer arc-shaped friction component, thereby generating frictional force and dissipating the structural input energy. Since the effective radius R of the arc friction pair is greater than the pitch circle radius r of the gear, the sliding displacement of the arc friction pair is greater than the input displacement of the rack, thus realizing displacement amplification, and its amplification factor is λ=R / r; The disc spring preload system applies stable normal pressure to the arc-shaped friction pair through the preloaded disc spring, so that the friction pair generates stable friction force. Moreover, the contact pressure of the disc spring preload system increases with the increase of displacement, thereby forming a nonlinear restoring force, which makes the damper have a variable hysteresis effect. During loading, the preloaded disc spring is compressed and stores elastic potential energy; during unloading, the preloaded disc spring releases elastic potential energy, driving the gear system and rack and pinion transmission system back to their initial positions. Meanwhile, due to the curvature characteristics of the arc-shaped friction surface, the contact normal direction changes during the sliding process, thereby generating an additional geometric restoring force; this geometric restoring effect works together with the elastic restoring force of the preloaded disc spring, giving the damper a good self-resetting capability.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: (1) Strong displacement amplification capability: Displacement amplification is achieved through the gear and rack transmission mechanism, so that the arc friction pair can generate a large sliding displacement under a small structural displacement, thereby significantly improving the energy consumption capability; (2) Excellent self-resetting performance: The disc spring preload system provides elastic restoring force, and combined with the geometric restoring effect of the arc friction surface, the damper can be automatically reset after unloading, effectively reducing the residual displacement of the structure; (3) Stable friction performance: The contact area of ​​the arc-shaped friction surface changes continuously during the sliding process, which can effectively reduce local stress concentration and improve the stability and durability of the friction pair; (4) High energy dissipation capacity: The friction energy dissipation mechanism is stable and reliable, and can continuously dissipate energy under reciprocating cyclic loads; (5) Applicable to small displacement structural systems: Through the displacement amplification mechanism, the damper still has high energy dissipation efficiency under small inter-story displacement conditions; (6) Variable hysteresis performance: Due to the coupling effect between the arc-shaped friction surface and the disc spring preload system, the compression of the disc spring changes with the displacement during relative rotation, causing the contact pressure of the arc-shaped friction pair to change dynamically. This results in the hysteresis curve of the damper exhibiting a nonlinear characteristic that varies with the displacement amplitude. This variable hysteresis characteristic is beneficial for maintaining low stiffness and drag under small displacements and providing stronger energy dissipation and recovery capabilities under large displacements, thereby improving the adaptability of the structure under different earthquake intensities. (7) High parameter adjustability: Different performance requirements can be achieved by adjusting parameters such as gear radius, disc spring stiffness and preload, and arc friction surface radius; (8) Wide range of applications: applicable to fields such as seismic resistance of building structures, vibration reduction of bridges, prefabricated joints and mechanical vibration reduction systems; (9) Compact structure and clear force transmission path: The overall structure of the device is compact and the force transmission path is clear, which is convenient for engineering applications. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a displacement-amplified self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of a displacement-amplified self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a top view of a displacement-amplified self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the relative positions of a rack and pinion transmission system and a gear system in a displacement amplification self-resetting damper based on a rack and pinion mechanism according to the present invention. Figure 5 This invention relates to the meshing effect of the rack and gear in a rack transmission system with a displacement amplification self-resetting damper based on a rack and pinion mechanism. Figure 6The radius of the arc-shaped friction pair and the pitch circle radius of the gear are given by the present invention for a displacement amplification self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism. Figure 7 The diagram shows the effect of the inner arc-shaped friction component and the outer arc-shaped friction surface of the displacement amplification self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the effect of relative rotation between the inner and outer arc-shaped friction components of a displacement amplification self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-8 The present invention will be further described in detail below to facilitate a clear understanding of the invention, but these descriptions do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] As attached Figure 1-8 As shown, this embodiment of a displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a rack and pinion mechanism includes a rack and pinion transmission system 1, a gear system 2, a transmission frame 3, a disc spring preload system 4, and a guide system 5.

[0027] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the rack and pinion drive system 1 receives the structural input displacement and meshes with the gear system 2, converting linear displacement into rotational motion. Both the rack and pinion drive system 1 and the gear system 2 are disposed between the transmission frame 3. The gear system 2 is fixedly mounted on the transmission frame 3 by a disc spring preload system 4. A guide system 5 is also connected between the rack and pinion drive system 1 and the transmission frame 3 to restrict the rack and pinion drive system 1 to move only along the damper axial direction.

[0028] In this embodiment, the rack and pinion drive system 1 is provided with a rack 11, guide rail a12, and guide rail b13. The rack 11 is located at the middle of the upper and lower end faces of the rack and pinion drive system 1 and meshes with the gear 23. The guide rails a12 and b13 are respectively arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the rack and pinion drive system 1. The end of the rack and pinion drive system 1 is provided with a connecting hole 14 for connecting to the building structure.

[0029] like Figure 4-8 As shown, the gear system 2 consists of an outer arc-shaped friction component 21, an inner arc-shaped friction component 22, and a gear 23. Both the outer arc-shaped friction component 21 and the inner arc-shaped friction component 22 are provided with arc-shaped friction surfaces 24. The two arc-shaped friction surfaces 24 are in contact to form an arc-shaped friction pair. The gear 23 meshes with the rack and pinion transmission system 1. Driven by the rack and pinion transmission system 1, the gear system 2 rotates, causing the inner arc-shaped friction component 22 and the outer arc-shaped friction component 21 to rotate relative to each other. Their arc-shaped friction surfaces 24 are in contact to form an arc-shaped friction pair, which provides frictional damping force. The outer arc-shaped friction component 21 is fixed to the transmission frame 3, and the inner arc-shaped friction component 22 is fixed to the gear 23. The disc spring preload system 4 provides normal preload to the arc-shaped friction pair, enabling the arc-shaped friction pair to generate stable frictional force. During the rotation of the gear system 2, the compression of the disc spring preload system 4 changes with displacement, causing the contact pressure of the arc-shaped friction pair to change dynamically.

[0030] The radius of action of the arc-shaped friction pair is larger than the pitch circle radius of gear 23, causing the sliding displacement of the arc-shaped friction pair to be greater than the input displacement of the rack and pinion transmission system 1, thus achieving displacement amplification. Because the change in the compression of the disc spring preload system 4 is coupled with the relative rotation of the arc-shaped friction pair, the restoring force of the damper changes nonlinearly with the displacement amplitude, thus forming a variable hysteresis characteristic. During the unloading phase, the disc spring preload system 4 releases elastic potential energy and, together with the geometric restoring effect of the arc-shaped friction surface 24, restores the damper to its initial position, thereby achieving a self-resetting function. Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the pitch circle radius of gear 23 is r, the radius of the arc friction pair is RR>r, and the displacement amplification factor of the damper is λ=R / r. Figure 8 In the diagram, F represents the frictional force on the curved friction surface. It is the amount of deformation generated after the arc-shaped friction surface slides.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, guide rail screw holes 31 are provided at both ends and on the inner side of the transmission frame 3. Reinforcing sections 32 are provided at both ends of the transmission frame 3, with limit screw holes on them. The outer arc-shaped friction component 21 is fixedly connected to the reinforcing section 32 of the transmission frame 3. The inner arc-shaped friction component 22 is fixedly connected to the gear 23.

[0032] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the disc spring preload system 4 consists of a preloaded disc spring 41, an anti-shear pin 42, and a high-strength fastening nut 43. A gear system 2 is placed in the middle of the anti-shear pin 42, and both ends of the anti-shear pin 42 pass through limiting screw holes provided on the reinforcing sections 32 at both ends of the transmission frame 3, and then pass through the gear system 2. The two ends of the preloaded disc spring 41 are respectively confined inside the high-strength fastening nut 43 and outside the reinforcing section 32. The high-strength fastening nut 43 is used to adjust the disc spring preload system 4.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the guiding system 5 consists of a guide screw 51, a limiting nut 52, a limiting steel tube a 53, and a limiting steel tube b 54. The guide screw 51 passes through the guide rail screw hole 31 on the transmission frame 3, restricting the movement of the guiding system 5 along the damper axial direction. Simultaneously, the guide screw 51 also passes through the guide rails a 12 and b 13 of the rack and pinion transmission system 1 to ensure that the rack and pinion transmission system 1 only moves along the damper axial direction. The limiting steel tubes a 53 and b 54 are respectively positioned between the rack and pinion transmission system 1 and the transmission frame 3, with the guide screw 51 passing through both. The limiting nut 52 is fixedly positioned at the outer end of the guide screw 51.

[0034] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, multiple rack and pinion drive systems 1, multiple gear systems 2, and multiple disc spring preload systems 4 are arranged between the two transmission frames 3. The rack and pinion drive system 1 receives the input displacement of the structure and meshes with the gears 23 to convert linear displacement into rotational motion. The outer arc-shaped friction component 21 and the inner arc-shaped friction component 22 of the arc-shaped friction pair contact each other to provide frictional damping force. The disc spring preload system 4 provides preload, enabling the arc-shaped friction pair to generate stable frictional force. The contact pressure of the disc spring preload system increases with displacement, thus forming a nonlinear restoring force, giving the damper a variable hysteresis effect.

[0035] The working principle of the damper of the present invention is as follows: when the building structure undergoes relative displacement under the action of earthquake or external load, the displacement is transmitted to the rack and pinion transmission system 1 through the connecting hole 14, so that the rack 11 moves linearly along the axial direction of the damper.

[0036] The rack 11 meshes with the gear 23 in the gear system 2, converting linear motion into rotational motion. During rotation, the gear 23 drives the inner arc-shaped friction component 22, which is rigidly connected to it, to rotate synchronously.

[0037] An arc-shaped friction pair is formed between the inner arc-shaped friction component 22 and the outer arc-shaped friction component 21, which is fixed on the transmission frame 3, and their arc-shaped friction surfaces 24 are in contact with each other. During gear rotation, relative sliding occurs between the inner arc-shaped friction component 22 and the outer arc-shaped friction component 21, thereby generating frictional force and dissipating structural input energy.

[0038] Since the effective radius R of the arc-shaped friction pair is greater than the pitch circle radius r of gear 23, the sliding displacement of the arc-shaped friction pair is greater than the input displacement of the rack, thereby achieving displacement amplification, and its amplification factor is λ=R / r.

[0039] The disc spring preload system 4 applies a stable normal pressure to the arc-shaped friction pair through the preload disc spring 41, so that the friction pair generates a stable friction force. The contact pressure of the disc spring preload system increases with the increase of displacement, thereby forming a nonlinear restoring force, which makes the damper have a variable hysteresis effect.

[0040] During loading, the preloaded disc spring 41 is compressed and stores elastic potential energy. During unloading, the preloaded disc spring 41 releases its elastic potential energy, driving the gear system 2 and rack and pinion transmission system 1 back to their initial positions.

[0041] Meanwhile, due to the curvature of the arc-shaped friction surface, the contact normal direction changes during the sliding process, thereby generating an additional geometric restoring force. This geometric restoring effect, together with the elastic restoring force of the preloaded disc spring 41, gives the damper excellent self-resetting capability.

[0042] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the structure of the present invention. The arrangement and quantity of the present invention are not limited to this example and can be optimized according to actual engineering conditions. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and decorations made to the above embodiments based on the technical principles of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A displacement-amplified self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a rack and pinion drive system (1), a gear system (2), a transmission frame (3), a disc spring preload system (4), and a guide system (5); The rack and pinion drive system (1) is used to receive the structural input displacement and mesh with the gear system (2) to convert linear displacement into rotational motion; the rack and pinion drive system (1) and the gear system (2) are both arranged between the transmission frame (3), the gear system (2) is fixedly arranged on the transmission frame (3) by the disc spring preload system (4), and the guide system (5) is also connected between the rack and pinion drive system (1) and the transmission frame (3) to limit the rack and pinion drive system (1) to move only along the damper axis; The gear system (2) consists of an outer arc-shaped friction component (21), an inner arc-shaped friction component (22), and a gear (23). Both the outer arc-shaped friction component (21) and the inner arc-shaped friction component (22) are provided with arc-shaped friction surfaces (24), which fit together to form an arc-shaped friction pair. The gear (23) meshes with the rack and pinion transmission system (1). The gear system (2) rotates under the drive of the rack and pinion transmission system (1), causing the inner arc-shaped friction component (22) to mesh with the outer arc-shaped friction component (21). During rotation, the arc-shaped friction surfaces (24) of the two objects come into contact with each other to form an arc-shaped friction pair, which is used to provide frictional damping force; the outer arc-shaped friction component (21) is fixed on the transmission frame (3), and the inner arc-shaped friction component (22) is fixed on the gear (23); the disc spring preload system (4) is used to provide normal preload to the arc-shaped friction pair, so that the arc-shaped friction pair generates stable friction force, and during the rotation of the gear system (2), the compression of the disc spring preload system (4) changes with the displacement, so that the contact pressure of the arc-shaped friction pair changes dynamically; The radius of action of the arc-shaped friction pair is greater than the pitch circle radius of the gear (23), so that the sliding displacement of the arc-shaped friction pair is greater than the input displacement of the rack and pinion transmission system (1), thereby realizing displacement amplification; due to the coupling between the change of the compression of the disc spring preload system (4) and the relative rotation of the arc-shaped friction pair, the restoring force of the damper changes nonlinearly with the change of displacement amplitude, thereby forming a variable hysteresis characteristic; the disc spring preload system (4) releases elastic potential energy during the unloading stage, and works together with the geometric restoration effect of the arc-shaped friction surface (24) to restore the damper to the initial position, thereby realizing the self-resetting function.

2. The displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rack and pinion transmission system (1) is provided with a rack (11), a guide rail a (12), and a guide rail b (13); the rack (11) is located at the middle of the upper and lower end faces of the rack and pinion transmission system (1) and meshes with the gear (23); the guide rail a (12) and the guide rail b (13) are respectively arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the rack and pinion transmission system (1); the end of the rack and pinion transmission system (1) is provided with a connecting hole (14) for connecting to the building structure.

3. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmission frame (3) is provided with guide rail screw holes (31) at both ends and on the inner side; the transmission frame (3) is provided with reinforcing sections (32) at both ends, with limit screw holes on them.

4. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The disc spring preload system (4) consists of a preload disc spring (41), an anti-shear pin (42), and a high-strength fastening nut (43). The gear system (2) is placed in the middle of the anti-shear pin (42). The two ends of the anti-shear pin (42) pass through the limiting screw holes provided on the reinforcing sections (32) at both ends of the transmission frame (3), and then pass through the gear system (2). The two ends of the preload disc spring (41) are respectively restricted to the inside of the high-strength fastening nut (43) and the outside of the reinforcing section (32). The high-strength fastening nut (43) is used to adjust the disc spring preload system (4).

5. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer arc-shaped friction component (21) is fixedly connected to the reinforcing section (32) of the transmission frame (3); the inner arc-shaped friction component (22) is fixedly connected to the gear (23).

6. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The guiding system (5) consists of a guide screw (51), a limiting nut (52), a limiting steel pipe a (53), and a limiting steel pipe b (54). The guide screw (51) passes through the guide rail screw hole (31) on the transmission frame (3) to restrict the movement of the guiding system (5) in the damper axial direction. At the same time, the guide screw (51) also passes through the guide rail a (12) and guide rail b (13) of the rack transmission system (1) to ensure that the rack transmission system (1) only moves along the damper axial direction. The limiting steel pipe a (53) and limiting steel pipe b (54) are respectively set between the rack transmission system (1) and the transmission frame (3), and the guide screw (51) passes through the limiting steel pipe a (53) and limiting steel pipe b (54). The limiting nut (52) is fixedly set at the outer end of the guide screw (51).

7. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple rack and pinion transmission systems (1), multiple gear systems (2), and multiple disc spring preload systems (4) are provided between the two transmission frames (3).

8. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rack and pinion transmission system (1) is used to receive the input displacement of the structure and mesh with the gear (23) to convert linear displacement into rotational motion; the outer arc friction component (21) and the inner arc friction component (22) of the arc friction pair are in contact with each other to provide frictional damping force; the disc spring preload system (4) is used to provide preload to generate stable frictional force in the arc friction pair, and the contact pressure of the disc spring preload system increases with the increase of displacement, thereby forming a nonlinear restoring force, so that the damper has a variable hysteresis effect.

9. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch circle radius of the gear (23) is r, and the radius of the arc friction pair is R (R>r). Then the displacement amplification factor of the damper is λ=R / r.

10. A displacement-amplifying self-resetting damper based on a gear and rack mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the building structure undergoes relative displacement under earthquake or external load, the displacement is transmitted to the rack and pinion drive system (1) through the connection hole (14), causing the rack (11) to move linearly along the damper axis; The rack (11) meshes with the gear (23) in the gear system (2), converting linear motion into rotational motion; during the rotation of the gear (23), it drives the inner arc-shaped friction component (22) rigidly connected to it to rotate synchronously; An arc-shaped friction pair is formed between the inner arc-shaped friction component (22) and the outer arc-shaped friction component (21) fixed on the transmission frame (3), and the arc-shaped friction surfaces (24) of the two are in contact with each other; during the rotation of the gear, the inner arc-shaped friction component (22) and the outer arc-shaped friction component (21) slide relative to each other, thereby generating friction and dissipating the structural input energy; Since the radius of action R of the arc friction pair is greater than the pitch circle radius r of the gear (23), the sliding displacement of the arc friction pair is greater than the input displacement of the rack, thereby realizing displacement amplification, and its amplification factor is λ=R / r; The disc spring preload system (4) applies a stable normal pressure to the arc-shaped friction pair through the preload disc spring (41), so that the friction pair generates a stable friction force. The contact pressure of the disc spring preload system increases with the increase of displacement, thereby forming a nonlinear restoring force, so that the damper has a variable hysteresis effect. During the loading process, the preloaded disc spring (41) is compressed and stores elastic potential energy; during the unloading phase, the preloaded disc spring (41) releases elastic potential energy and drives the gear system (2) and rack and pinion transmission system (1) back to their initial positions. Meanwhile, due to the curvature characteristics of the arc-shaped friction surface, the contact normal direction changes during the sliding process, thereby generating an additional geometric restoring force; this geometric restoring effect works together with the elastic restoring force of the preloaded disc spring (41) to give the damper a good self-resetting ability.

Images