A broadband and high-efficiency leaky-wave antenna based on parallel-plate waveguide
By employing a high-precision phase-compensated reflector shaping algorithm and an isolation baffle structure, a quasi-TEM mode is generated and mutual coupling is suppressed, thus solving the challenges of broadband and high efficiency for leaky antennas and achieving a compact and efficient antenna design.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- UNIV OF ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH OF CHINA
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-14
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-16
Smart Images
Figure CN122225201A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, antennas with beam scanning capabilities have been widely used in remote sensing and radar imaging, and their development has placed higher demands on antenna performance. Antennas not only need to maintain good radiation characteristics and high radiation efficiency over a wide frequency band to improve imaging resolution and detection range, but also need to possess good beam scanning capabilities to meet the needs of rapid imaging and target detection. Currently, phased array antennas are widely used due to their flexible beam control capabilities; however, to achieve independent phase control of each channel of the array, phase shifters or T / R components are usually required, which makes the system structure complex and costly.
[0003] In contrast, leaky wave antennas utilize the dispersion characteristics of the transmission structure, achieving continuous scanning of the main beam direction by adjusting the operating frequency. They offer advantages such as simple structure, high directivity, and ease of broadband implementation. Typical leaky wave antenna types include waveguide slotted leaky wave antennas, continuous transverse stub antennas, and surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) leaky wave antennas. These antennas generate continuous leaky wave radiation by loading continuous or periodic radiating elements into their transmission structure, and beam scanning is achieved by varying the frequency. Regarding broadband and high radiation efficiency, leaky wave antennas, as a typical traveling wave radiation structure, allow electromagnetic waves to propagate along the structure in a traveling wave manner, operating independently of resonance and exhibiting low overall reflection, which is beneficial for achieving a wide operating bandwidth. Simultaneously, the low reflection also makes it easier to achieve high radiation efficiency. However, leaky wave antennas still face some challenges. For example, traditional multi-stage power divider feed structures are complex in larger aperture designs and still introduce significant transmission losses. Quasi-optical feed structures struggle to accurately meet the required amplitude and phase distributions, and amplitude-phase mismatch occurs due to mutual coupling effects between radiating elements. These factors limit the antenna's effective operating bandwidth and radiation efficiency.
[0004] Chinese patent CN201810958445 proposes a frequency-scanning continuous transverse stub planar array antenna. It generates quasi-TEM modes through a multi-stage H-plane T-shaped single-ridge waveguide power divider network and utilizes continuous transverse stubs for radiation. This antenna achieves 50° beam scanning in the 26-42 GHz range with a radiation efficiency exceeding 63%. However, as the antenna aperture increases, the network requires more stages of power dividers, leading to a significant increase in structural complexity and transmission loss, which is detrimental to achieving higher-efficiency antenna systems. Chinese patent CN202410812273 proposes a folded microwave beam scanning device based on surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP), employing a parabolic reflector feeding structure based on a parallel plate waveguide. By arranging H-plane horns at the focal point of the parabolic reflector, a cylindrical wave propagating along the parallel plate waveguide is excited, and the reflected wavefront forms an approximately planar wavefront. This device achieves approximately 21% relative bandwidth and 47° beam scanning within the operating frequency band. However, the cylindrical waves generated by H-plane horns typically exhibit a central energy concentration, leading to a decrease in array aperture efficiency and overall radiation gain. The paper "A. Gomez-Torrent et al., 'A Low-Profile and High-Gain Frequency Beam Steering Sub terahertz Antenna Enabled by Silicon Micromachining,'" in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 672-682, Feb. 2020, proposes a parallel plate waveguide slotted leaky wave antenna. This antenna achieves leaky wave radiation through periodic rectangular slots, obtaining a 45° beam scan and 65% radiation efficiency in the 220–300 GHz (30%) frequency band. However, this structure lacks decoupling design for adjacent radiating slots, and the mutual coupling between elements disrupts the preset amplitude and phase distribution, which is also the reason for the low array gain and radiation efficiency.
[0005] In summary, developing broadband, high-efficiency, and wide-scan-range parallel plate waveguide leaky wave antennas remains challenging. It is urgent to achieve research and breakthroughs in overcoming the limitations of the operating bandwidth and efficiency of leaky wave antennas while maintaining a compact array structure. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a broadband, high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide. By proposing a quasi-TEM mode generator based on a high-precision phase-compensated reflector shaping algorithm and an isolation baffle structure to suppress mutual coupling of radiating elements, the effective operating bandwidth and radiation efficiency of the leaky wave antenna based on the parallel plate waveguide are significantly improved.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0008] A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide includes an H-plane horn feed layer, a phase compensation reflective surface layer, a leaky wave radiation layer, and a first inter-layer transmission structure and a second inter-layer transmission structure, which are stacked sequentially.
[0009] The H-plane horn feed layer includes a standard rectangular waveguide and an H-plane horn, used to feed the TE signal input from the standard rectangular waveguide. 10 The mode electromagnetic wave is converted into a cylindrical wave and transmitted to the phase-compensated reflective surface layer through the first interlayer transmission structure;
[0010] The phase compensation reflective surface layer includes a parallel plate waveguide and a phase compensation reflective surface disposed on the sidewall of the parallel plate waveguide; the cylindrical wave entering the parallel plate waveguide is transmitted to the phase compensation reflective surface, and after phase compensation, a quasi-TEM mode with high amplitude and phase uniformity is generated, which is transmitted to the leakage wave radiation layer through the second interlayer transmission structure.
[0011] The leakage radiation layer includes a parallel plate waveguide and a plurality of radiation slot arrays periodically arranged on the wide wall of the parallel plate waveguide along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction. An isolation baffle is provided between adjacent radiation slot arrays to suppress mutual coupling between units.
[0012] Preferably, the phase-compensating reflector is morphologically optimized using a high-precision phase-compensating reflector shaping algorithm. The path difference introduced by the surface undulations of the shaped reflector achieves accurate phase compensation for the incident cylindrical wave. The specific process is as follows:
[0013] Assume the initial shape of the phase-compensated reflector is a plane that forms a 45° angle with the input surface;
[0014] The formula for shaping the phase-compensated reflective surface is as follows:
[0015] ;
[0016] ;
[0017] in, For wave number, For the electric field after reflection Quantity, This is the intermediate compensation amount that acts on the reflecting surface after the target field error propagates backward. The angle between the direction of reflection wave propagation and the normal vector of the reflecting surface. The phase angle function representing a complex number. The angle between the wave vector direction and the normal vector of the reflecting surface. This indicates the phase correction amount. This represents the shape of the reflective surface.
[0018] Among them, compensation intermediate amount The specific calculation formula is as follows:
[0019] ;
[0020] The input surface, the reflecting surface, and the target surface are divided into several micro-elements. Indicates the integration region. Let the area be a microelement. Indicates the first reflection surface The compensation intermediate quantity of the infinitesimal element; , These represent the ideal electric field specified on the target surface and the actual electric field incident on the target surface, respectively. Quantity, Indicates taking the conjugate; This represents the angle between the propagation direction of the reflective surface element pointing to each point on the target surface and the normal vector of the reflective surface; For a two-dimensional cylindrical Poglin function, Represents the Green's function with respect to radial distance The first derivative approximation.
[0021] Based on the reflection surface shape variable obtained in each iteration The surface profile of the reflector is updated; based on the updated reflector, field propagation calculations are performed, and the output field distribution is determined. If the output field does not meet the preset requirements, the next iteration continues; iteration stops when the maximum number of iterations is reached or the output field meets the preset requirements; based on the results of each iteration, it is determined whether to adjust the relevant parameters of the reflector and proceed to the next iteration, until a phase-compensated reflector that meets the requirements is obtained.
[0022] Preferably, the H-plane horn feed layer and the phase compensation reflective surface layer are parallel plate waveguides with a spacing of 1.07 times the narrow side dimension of a standard waveguide, in order to reduce transmission loss and improve radiation efficiency.
[0023] Preferably, the first and second interlayer transmission structures are 180° parallel plate waveguide folding structures, employing a two-stage stepped matching structure with both symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations to achieve interlayer transition connections and a 180° reversal of the electromagnetic wave transmission direction. This structure ensures low reflection and high-efficiency transmission while achieving a miniaturized and compact design of the overall quasi-TEM mode generator.
[0024] Preferably, the radiating slots in each column of the radiating slot linear array are of the same size, and all radiating slots have the same width; along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, the lengths of the radiating slots in the first five columns of the linear array are set in a gradient. Setting the linear array in a gradient manner can effectively improve its impedance matching performance, achieve a smooth transition between the parallel plate waveguide and the radiating slots, and reduce reflections at the radiating slots.
[0025] Preferably, the period of the radial slot array is 0.66. In the same linear array, the period of the radiating slots is 0.66. By slotting a parallel plate and periodically modulating the TEM mode, the slow-wave electromagnetic wave is converted into a fast-wave electromagnetic wave that can be radiated outward.
[0026] Preferably, the height of the isolation baffle is 0.6. The width is 0.3 By blocking the near-field electromagnetic coupling channel between adjacent linear arrays and suppressing the propagation of surface current between the linear arrays, the mutual coupling effect between adjacent linear arrays is effectively reduced.
[0027] Preferably, matching branches are further provided between adjacent radial slot linear arrays; the width of the matching branches is 0.06. The height is 0.12. , The center frequency corresponds to the free-space wavelength. By improving impedance matching at the radiating port, return loss is reduced, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the antenna and extending its effective operating bandwidth.
[0028] The working principle of this invention is as follows:
[0029] This invention, based on the quasi-optical modulation principle of electromagnetic wave phase compensation, proposes a quasi-TEM mode generator based on a high-precision phase-compensation reflector shaping algorithm, solving the problem of insufficient amplitude and phase control precision in traditional quasi-TEM mode generation. This algorithm can precisely shape the reflector surface point by point, achieving accurate compensation for the propagation phase of the incident electromagnetic wave by introducing differentiated path differences at different positions on the reflector surface. Relying on this phase compensation mechanism, wavefront reconstruction can be performed on non-uniform cylindrical waves generated by H-plane horn feed excitation, converting them into a quasi-TEM mode with uniform amplitude and phase and stable propagation within a parallel plate waveguide. This fundamentally solves the problems of insufficient amplitude and phase uniformity and high transmission loss in traditional feeding schemes.
[0030] Building upon this foundation, the present invention further introduces an isolation baffle structure to suppress mutual coupling between linear arrays. By setting isolation baffles between adjacent radiating slot linear arrays, the near-field electromagnetic coupling channel between the linear arrays is blocked, and the propagation of surface current between the linear arrays is suppressed, effectively mitigating the amplitude-phase mismatch problem caused by mutual coupling between the linear arrays and ensuring the broadband stability of the radiation characteristics. Simultaneously, by introducing matching stubs between the linear arrays, impedance matching at the radiation port is improved, return loss is reduced, the effective operating bandwidth of the antenna is further extended, and the overall radiation efficiency is improved.
[0031] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0032] 1. This invention proposes a broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide. Through a high-precision phase compensation reflector shaping algorithm, the amplitude and phase of the incident electromagnetic wave are precisely controlled. At the same time, the isolation baffles set between the radiating slot line arrays effectively reduce the influence of mutual coupling on the array radiation characteristics, so that the antenna as a whole has the advantages of simple structure, wide operating bandwidth and high radiation efficiency.
[0033] 2. The antenna structure of the present invention is based on the unfolding of a parallel plate waveguide and transitions through a 180° parallel plate waveguide folding structure. The overall structure is compact and has a low profile, which facilitates system integration and is suitable for antenna systems with high requirements for broadband performance, high compactness and high integration. Attached Figure Description
[0034] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of each layer of the broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0036] Figure 3 This is a top view of each layer of the broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the leakage radiation layer structure of a broadband high-efficiency leakage antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0038] Figure 5. Schematic diagram of S-parameter results of the broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on parallel plate waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 6. Frequency sweep pattern of the broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on parallel plate waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the gain and radiation efficiency results of the broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. H-plane horn feed layer; 11. Standard rectangular waveguide input port; 12. H-plane horn; 13. Parallel plate waveguide transmission section; 2. Phase compensation reflector layer; 21. Phase compensation reflector; 3. Leakage radiation layer; 31. Parallel plate waveguide; 32. Radiation slot; 33. Isolation baffle; 34. Matching stub; 41. First interlayer transmission structure; 42. Second interlayer transmission structure. Detailed Implementation
[0042] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0043] This embodiment provides a W-band broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide, with dimensions of 100mm x 100mm x 10mm. For example... Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes an H-plane horn feed layer 1, a phase compensation reflective surface layer 2, and a leakage radiation layer 3 stacked in sequence, and also includes a first interlayer transmission structure 41 and a second interlayer transmission structure 42.
[0044] The H-plane horn feed layer 1 includes a standard rectangular waveguide 11 with dimensions of 2.54 mm * 1.27 mm and an H-plane horn 12 with a diameter of 10 mm, used to transmit the TE signal input from the standard rectangular waveguide 11. 10 The mode electromagnetic wave is converted into a cylindrical wave and transmitted to the phase compensation reflective surface layer 2 through the parallel plate waveguide transmission section 13 with a spacing of 1.36 mm and the first interlayer transmission structure 41.
[0045] The phase compensation reflective layer 2 includes a parallel plate waveguide 13 and a phase compensation reflective surface 21 disposed on the side wall of the parallel plate waveguide; the cylindrical wave entering the parallel plate waveguide 13 is transmitted to the phase compensation reflective surface 21, and after phase compensation, a quasi-TEM mode with high amplitude and phase uniformity is generated, and then transmitted to the leakage radiation layer 3 through the second interlayer transmission structure 42.
[0046] The H-plane horn feed layer and the phase compensation reflective surface layer adopt parallel plate waveguides with a spacing of 1.07 times the standard waveguide narrow side dimension to reduce transmission loss and improve radiation efficiency, and the spacing is 1.36 mm.
[0047] The phase-compensated reflector is optimized for shape using a high-precision phase-compensated reflector shaping algorithm. The path difference introduced by the surface undulations of the shaped reflector achieves accurate phase compensation for the incident cylindrical wave. The specific process is as follows:
[0048] Assume the initial shape of the phase-compensated reflector is a plane that forms a 45° angle with the input surface;
[0049] The formula for shaping the phase-compensated reflective surface is as follows:
[0050] ;
[0051] ;
[0052] in, For wave number, For the reflected electric field Quantity, This is the intermediate compensation amount applied to the reflecting surface after the target field error is propagated and inverted. The angle between the direction of reflection wave propagation and the normal vector of the reflecting surface. The phase angle function representing a complex number. The angle between the wave vector direction and the normal vector of the reflecting surface. This represents the phase correction amount for the current iteration step. This represents the reflection surface shape variable of the current iteration step.
[0053] Among them, compensation intermediate amount The specific calculation formula is as follows:
[0054] ;
[0055] The input surface, the reflecting surface, and the target surface are divided into several micro-elements. Indicates the integration region. Let the area be a microelement. Indicates the first reflection surface The compensation intermediate quantity of the infinitesimal element; , These represent the ideal electric field specified on the target surface and the actual electric field incident on the target surface, respectively. Quantity, Indicates taking the conjugate; This represents the angle between the propagation direction of the reflective surface element pointing to each point on the target surface and the normal vector of the reflective surface; For a two-dimensional cylindrical Poglin function, Represents the Green's function with respect to radial distance The first derivative approximation.
[0056] Based on the reflection surface shape variable obtained in each iteration The surface profile of the reflecting surface is updated; based on the updated reflecting surface, field propagation calculations are performed, and the output field distribution is determined. If the output field does not meet the preset requirements, the next iteration continues; iteration stops when the maximum number of iterations is reached or the output field meets the preset requirements; based on the results of each iteration, it is determined whether to adjust the relevant parameters of the reflecting surface and proceed to the next iteration, until a phase-compensated reflecting surface that meets the requirements is obtained. The final phase-compensated reflecting surface has a length*width of 85 mm*85 mm; the height is consistent with the parallel plate waveguide spacing, which is 1.36 mm; the maximum surface disturbance of the reflecting surface is 1.9 mm.
[0057] like Figure 4 As shown, the leakage radiation layer 3 includes a parallel plate waveguide 31 and a plurality of radiation slots arranged periodically along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction on the wide wall of the parallel plate waveguide. The period of the linear array is 2.2 mm. Each linear array contains 30 radiation slots 32, and the period of the radiation slots is also 2.2 mm. By slotting the parallel plate, the TEM mode is periodically modulated, converting the slow-wave mode electromagnetic wave into a fast-wave mode electromagnetic wave that can be radiated outward.
[0058] Along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, the lengths of the radiating slots 32 in the first five columns of the linear array are set in a gradient manner. Setting the linear array in a gradient manner can improve impedance matching performance, achieve a smooth transition between the parallel plate waveguide and the radiating slots, and effectively reduce reflections at the radiating slots. In the first five columns of the linear array, the lengths of the radiating slots are 1 mm, 1.26 mm, 1.32 mm, 1.38 mm, and 1.42 mm, respectively. The length of the subsequent rectangular slots is 1.6 mm, and the width of all radiating slots is 0.8 mm.
[0059] An isolation baffle 33 is provided between adjacent radial slot linear arrays to suppress mutual coupling between units. The isolation baffle 33 has a height of 2.1 mm and a width of 1 mm. By blocking the near-field electromagnetic coupling channel between adjacent linear arrays and suppressing the propagation of surface current between linear arrays, the mutual coupling effect between adjacent linear arrays is effectively reduced.
[0060] A matching stub 34 is also provided between adjacent radiating slots 32 linear arrays; the matching stub 34 has a width of 0.4 mm and a height of 0.2 mm. By improving impedance matching at the radiating port, return loss is reduced, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the antenna and extending its effective operating bandwidth.
[0061] The first interlayer transmission structure 41 and the second interlayer transmission structure 42 are 180° parallel plate waveguide folding structures, used to achieve interlayer transition connection and 180° reversal of the electromagnetic wave transmission direction. This structure achieves miniaturization and compact design of the overall quasi-TEM mode generator while ensuring low reflection and high-efficiency transmission.
[0062] The first interlayer transmission structure 41 is a symmetrical two-stage stepped matching structure. The height*width of the first step is 0.75 mm*0.31 mm, the height*width of the second step is 0.44 mm*0.67 mm, and the thickness of the middle parallel plate is 1.5 mm. Since the parallel plate spacing of the phase compensation reflective layer 2 is 1.36 mm and the parallel plate spacing of the leakage radiation layer 3 is 1.1 mm, the second interlayer transmission structure 42 is an asymmetrical two-stage stepped matching structure. The height*width of the first step on the lower side of the second interlayer transmission structure 42 is 0.78 mm*0.26 mm, and the height*width of the second step is 0.5 mm*0.63 mm. The height*width of the first step on the upper side is 0.65 mm*0.25 mm, and the height*width of the second step is 0.65 mm*0.4 mm. The thickness of the parallel plate in the middle of the structure remains 1.5 mm.
[0063] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the S-parameter results of this embodiment is provided. The results show that the broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on parallel plate waveguide has an S11 of less than -15 dB in the frequency range of 70 GHz to 110 GHz and a relative bandwidth of 44.4%.
[0064] Figure 6 The frequency sweep pattern of a broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide is presented. It can be seen that the beam sweep angle ranges from -28° to -86° in the frequency range of 70 GHz to 110 GHz, the sidelobe level is less than -12 dB, and the sweep rate is 1.45° / GHz.
[0065] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the results of radiation efficiency and gain as a function of frequency in this embodiment is provided. It can be seen that the radiation efficiency of this embodiment is greater than 70% in the operating frequency band of 70 GHz-110 GHz, with an average radiation efficiency of 76% and a maximum radiation efficiency of 79.5%; the maximum gain is 33.6 dBi, and the gain fluctuation is less than 3 dBi.
[0066] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide, characterized in that, It includes an H-plane horn feed layer, a phase compensation reflective surface layer, a leaky radiation layer, and a first interlayer transmission structure and a second interlayer transmission structure, which are stacked in sequence. The H-plane horn feed layer includes a standard rectangular waveguide and an H-plane horn, used to feed the TE signal input from the standard rectangular waveguide. 10 The mode electromagnetic wave is converted into a cylindrical wave and transmitted to the phase-compensated reflective surface layer through the first interlayer transmission structure; The phase compensation reflective surface layer includes a parallel plate waveguide and a phase compensation reflective surface disposed on the sidewall of the parallel plate waveguide; the cylindrical wave entering the parallel plate waveguide is transmitted to the phase compensation reflective surface, and after phase compensation, a quasi-TEM mode with high amplitude and phase uniformity is generated, which is transmitted to the leakage wave radiation layer through the second interlayer transmission structure. The leakage radiation layer includes a parallel plate waveguide and a plurality of radiation slot arrays periodically arranged on the wide wall of the parallel plate waveguide along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction. An isolation baffle is provided between adjacent radiation slot arrays to suppress mutual coupling between units.
2. The broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The phase-compensated reflector is optimized for shape using a phase-compensated reflector shaping algorithm. The path difference introduced by the surface undulations of the shaped reflector is used to achieve phase compensation for the incident cylindrical wave. The specific process of the phase-compensated reflective surface shaping algorithm is as follows: Assume the initial shape of the phase-compensated reflector is a plane that forms a 45° angle with the input surface; The formula for shaping the phase-compensated reflective surface is as follows: ； ； in, For wave number, For the electric field after reflection Quantity, This is the intermediate compensation amount that acts on the reflecting surface after the target field error propagates backward. The angle between the direction of reflection wave propagation and the normal vector of the reflecting surface. The phase angle function representing a complex number. The angle between the wave vector direction and the normal vector of the reflecting surface. This indicates the phase correction amount. Represents the shape of the reflective surface; Among them, compensation intermediate amount The specific calculation formula is as follows: ； The input surface, the reflecting surface, and the target surface are divided into several micro-elements. Indicates the integration region. Let the area be a microelement. Indicates the first reflection surface The compensation intermediate quantity of the infinitesimal element; , These represent the ideal electric field specified on the target surface and the actual electric field incident on the target surface, respectively. Quantity, Indicates taking the conjugate; This represents the angle between the propagation direction of the reflective surface element pointing to each point on the target surface and the normal vector of the reflective surface; For a two-dimensional cylindrical Poglin function, Represents the Green's function with respect to radial distance The first derivative approximation; Based on the reflection surface shape variable obtained in each iteration The surface profile of the reflector is updated; the field propagation calculation is performed based on the updated reflector, and the output field distribution is determined; if the output field does not meet the preset requirements, the next iteration continues; the iteration stops when the maximum number of iterations is reached or the output field meets the preset index requirements; the relevant parameters of the reflector are adjusted and the next iteration is performed based on the results of each iteration until a phase-compensated reflector that meets the requirements is obtained.
3. A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The H-plane horn feed layer and the phase compensation reflective surface layer adopt parallel plate waveguides with a spacing of 1.07 times the standard waveguide narrow side dimension to reduce transmission loss and improve radiation efficiency.
4. A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The first and second interlayer transmission structures are 180° parallel plate waveguide folding structures, and adopt a two-stage stepped matching structure with symmetrical and asymmetrical top and bottom to realize the interlayer transition connection and the 180° flip of the electromagnetic wave transmission direction.
5. A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The radiation slots in each column of the linear array are of the same size, and all the radiation slots have the same width; along the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, the length of the radiation slots in the first five columns of the linear array is set in a gradient.
6. A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The period of the radial slot array is 0.
66. In the same linear array, the period of the radiating slot is 0.
66. ; The center frequency corresponds to the free space wavelength.
7. A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The height of the isolation baffle is 0.
6. The width is 0.3 .
8. A broadband high-efficiency leaky wave antenna based on a parallel plate waveguide as described in any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, Matching branches are also provided between adjacent radial slot linear arrays; the width of the matching branch is 0.
06. The height is 0.
12. .