Battery pack power supply device for permafrost monitoring sensor

Abstract

The application provides a battery pack power supply device for permafrost monitoring sensors, comprising: an anchorage assembly including a docking seat, a downpipe and a restraint pipe, the top of the downpipe being provided with the docking seat and the bottom end being provided with the restraint pipe, the downpipe being inserted into an underground foundation layer, a first phase change power generation component being inserted into the inside of the downpipe, the first phase change power generation component being annular in structure and having a first through hole reserved in the middle part; a monitoring assembly including a lifting cylinder, the lifting cylinder vertically sliding through the first through hole, the lifting cylinder being closed at the top and open at the bottom, an operating component being installed in the middle part of the lifting cylinder, the bottom end of the lifting cylinder being connected with a mounting seat, and the bottom of the mounting seat being connected with a monitoring probe. The power storage assembly adopts a reversible position changing design, the monitoring assembly can be extracted, and the operation and maintenance convenience of the device is further optimized; the monitoring probe can be quickly lifted to a position convenient for maintenance by the operation and maintenance personnel, cleaning, calibration or replacement is carried out, and the operation and maintenance difficulty and operation intensity are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of permafrost monitoring technology, and more specifically to a battery power supply device for permafrost monitoring sensors. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude and cold regions such as river source areas, the freeze-thaw state of the permafrost layer directly affects the regional ecological environment and the stability of engineering construction. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct long-term and accurate monitoring of parameters such as the temperature of the active permafrost layer and the freeze-thaw interface through monitoring sensors. Permafrost monitoring devices are mostly deployed in harsh environments with high altitude, cold temperatures, and frequent sandstorms, and need to operate unattended throughout the year. This places extremely high demands on the stability of the power supply, the reliability of the structure, and the ease of operation and maintenance of the devices.

[0003] Currently, existing battery-powered devices for permafrost monitoring sensors have numerous technical shortcomings, making them unsuitable for monitoring needs in high-altitude and cold regions. Regarding power generation, they cannot efficiently utilize the diurnal temperature range in these regions to achieve stable power generation; the single power generation mode is easily affected by weather and diurnal variations, resulting in poor power supply stability and difficulty in ensuring long-term continuous operation of the device. In terms of monitoring component design, existing methods for extracting monitoring components are inconvenient. When affected by frost heave or soil resistance, manual extraction is difficult, requiring high maintenance intensity and hindering rapid maintenance operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a battery power supply device for permafrost monitoring sensors, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A battery power supply device for a permafrost monitoring sensor includes: an anchor assembly, which includes a docking seat, a lower probe, and a constraint tube. The lower probe has a docking seat at the top and a constraint tube at the bottom. The lower probe is inserted into the underground foundation layer. A first phase change power generation component is inserted inside the lower probe. The first phase change power generation component has a ring structure and a first perforation is reserved in the middle. The monitoring component includes a suspended cylinder that slides vertically through a first perforation. The suspended cylinder has a closed top and an open bottom structure. An operating component is installed in the middle of the suspended cylinder. A mounting base is connected to the bottom of the suspended cylinder. A monitoring probe is connected to the bottom of the mounting base. The monitoring probe is inserted into the active layer of underground permafrost. A locking component is built into the mounting base to fix the mounting base inside the constraint tube. The external support assembly includes a main support tube, which is installed at the top of the docking seat. Multiple sets of side support components are connected to the side wall of the main support tube, and an inspection window is provided on the side wall of the main support tube. The second phase-change power generation component is installed inside the top of the main support pipe; The light energy harvesting component is installed on the top of the main support tube. The light energy harvesting component is used to concentrate light energy to the second phase change power generation component. The energy storage component is installed inside the main support tube and is arranged opposite to the inspection window. The bottom end of the energy storage component is rotatably installed on the top surface of the hoisting cylinder. The first phase change power generation component and the second phase change power generation component are electrically connected to the energy storage component. The power supply end of the energy storage component is connected to the monitoring probe. In the first state of the power supply device: the energy storage component extends outward through the maintenance window, and maintenance personnel read monitoring information through the extended interface of the energy storage component; When the power supply device is in the second state: the energy storage component is rotated outward through the maintenance window to make room for the monitoring component to be lifted; the maintenance personnel first unlock the locking component by operating the component, and then lift the hoist to raise the monitoring probe to the maintenance window.

[0006] Furthermore: the first phase change power generation component includes an installation cylinder, a sleeve, and a first thermoelectric generator. The installation cylinder is inserted into the lower probe tube, and contact ports are evenly distributed on the installation cylinder. The sleeve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the installation cylinder. A first perforation is provided in the sleeve. An annular cavity is provided between the sleeve and the installation cylinder. The annular cavity is filled with a first phase change material layer extending to the contact port. The first thermoelectric generator is embedded in the first phase change material layer at the contact port. The heat dissipation surface of the first thermoelectric generator is coated with thermal conductive paste and adheres to the inner wall of the lower probe tube. The heat absorption surface of the first thermoelectric generator is coated with thermal conductive paste and adheres to the first phase change material layer. An electrical socket is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first perforation and is electrically connected to the first thermoelectric generator. An annular electrical plug is fixedly installed on the outer side of the cylinder. The annular electrical plug is plugged into the electrical socket and is electrically connected to the energy storage component.

[0007] Furthermore: the operating components include a rotating rod and a rotating cap. The rotating rod is rotatably mounted inside the lifting cylinder. The top of the rotating rod extends out of the lifting cylinder and is fixedly mounted with the rotating cap. The bottom of the rotating rod extends into the mounting base and is installed and connected with the locking component.

[0008] Furthermore: the locking component includes a locking block, a toothed block, and a ring gear. Limiting ports are provided on both sides of the mounting base. A locking block is inserted into the limiting port. A locking port is provided in the constraint tube at the locking block. A toothed block is fixedly installed on one side of the locking block. A ring gear that meshes with the toothed block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rotating rod.

[0009] Furthermore: the side support component includes a side support rod, a support foot, and an anchor rod. Three sets of side support rods are movably installed on the side wall of the main support pipe. A support foot is fixedly installed at the bottom of the side support rod. An anchor rod is installed through the support foot and is used to insert into the underground foundation layer.

[0010] Furthermore: The second phase change power generation component includes a second thermoelectric generator, an annular cover, a heat sink, heat dissipation fins, and a second phase change material layer. An extended annular cover is fixedly installed at the top of the main support tube, and the top port of the annular cover is horizontal with the top surface of the main support tube. The interior of the annular cover is filled with the second phase change material layer. A heat sink is fixedly installed at the top port of the annular cover at the top of the main support tube. Heat dissipation fins extending into the second phase change material layer are fixedly installed at the bottom of the heat sink. Multiple sets of second thermoelectric generators are arranged between the second phase change material layer and the annular cover. The heat dissipation surface and heat absorption surface of the second thermoelectric generators are coated with thermal conductive paste and are attached to the annular cover and the second phase change material layer. A vent is provided on the main support tube at the position of the annular cover, and the annular cover is cooled by the vent.

[0011] Furthermore: the light energy harvesting component includes an upper support component and a harvesting component; the upper support component includes mounting ears, a support arm and a ball joint, multiple sets of mounting ears are fixedly installed on the top of the outer side of the main support tube, a support arm is movably hinged to the mounting ears, a ball joint is hinged to the top of the support arm, and the support arm is used to support the installation of the harvesting component through the ball joint; The acquisition component includes an annular top plate, a convex light-collecting lens, and a support arm that is mounted on the annular top plate via a ball joint. The ball joint is arranged in a ring at the bottom of the annular top plate, and the convex light-collecting lens is fixedly mounted on the annular top plate to focus light onto the heat sink.

[0012] Furthermore: the energy storage assembly includes a power supply box and a fixing frame. Support blocks are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the cylinder. The fixing frame is rotatably installed on the support blocks. The power supply box is fixedly built into the fixing frame. The power supply box has a control compartment, a battery compartment and a power connection cavity distributed inside. The control compartment contains a control host and a data storage device. The battery compartment contains a storage battery. The power connection cavity is located on one side of the power supply box. A conductive interface extending into the control compartment and an external interface are fixedly installed in the power connection cavity.

[0013] Furthermore: an insertion component is fixedly installed at the bottom of the constraint tube. The insertion component includes a connecting strip and an insertion probe. Three sets of connecting strips are arrayed at the bottom edge of the constraint tube. The monitoring probe is located between the three sets of connecting strips. An insertion probe is fixedly installed at the bottom of the three sets of connecting strips. The insertion probe is inserted into the underground permafrost layer.

[0014] Furthermore: A driving component is fixedly installed on one side inside the main support tube. The driving component includes a lower fixing block, a driving block, a threaded rod, and a rotating handle. A mounting cover is fixedly installed on the top of one side of the main support tube. A rotating handle is rotatably installed on the main support tube inside the mounting cover. The shaft end of the rotating handle extends into the main support tube. A threaded rod is rotatably installed on the top of the main support tube. A lower fixing block is rotatably installed on the bottom of the threaded rod, and the lower fixing block is fixed to the inner wall of the main support tube. A driving block is threaded onto the threaded rod, and the side of the driving block is connected to the lifting cylinder. Slide rods penetrating the driving block are fixedly installed on the lower fixing blocks on both sides of the threaded rod. A bevel gear set for transmission connection is assembled together with the shaft end of the threaded rod and the rotating handle.

[0015] This invention provides a battery pack power supply device for a permafrost monitoring sensor. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages: 1. The energy storage components adopt a flip-up and repositionable design, which can be flexibly flipped to the exposed state, making it convenient for maintenance personnel to read monitoring data and check the power supply status through the extended interface. Basic maintenance can be completed without disassembling the device, which greatly improves maintenance efficiency. At the same time, the flip-up design leaves space for the extraction of monitoring components, which, combined with maintenance operations, further optimizes the ease of maintenance of the device. 2. The monitoring component can collect the temperature and freeze-thaw status at different depths of the active layer of permafrost in real time. In addition, the monitoring component adopts a liftable design, which can be flexibly extracted and reset. With the flip-up function of the battery storage component, maintenance personnel can quickly lift the monitoring probe to a position that is easy to maintain, clean, calibrate or replace it, which greatly reduces the difficulty and intensity of maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the probe tube and lifting cylinder structure of the present invention is shown. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the lower probe and the first phase change power generation component of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first phase change power generation component of the present invention is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the monitoring probe and constraint tube structure of the present invention is shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the constraint tube and locking component of the present invention is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the main support tube and energy storage component structure of the present invention is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the constraint tube and abutment component of the present invention is shown; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the optical energy harvesting component structure of the present invention is shown; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the external structure of the energy storage component of the present invention is shown; Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy storage component of the present invention is shown; Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second phase change power generation component of the present invention is shown; As shown in the figure: 100. Anchorage assembly; 101. Docking seat; 102. Lowering tube; 103. Restraint tube; 110. First phase change power generation component; 111. Mounting cylinder; 112. Sleeve; 113. First thermoelectric generator; 114. Contact port; 115. Annular cavity; 116. First phase change material layer; 117. Electrical socket; 118. Annular electrical plug; 120. Insertion component; 121. Connecting bar; 122. Insertion probe; 200. Monitoring component; 201. Suspension cylinder; 202. First perforation; 203. Mounting base; 204. Monitoring probe; 210. Operating component; 211. Rotating rod; 212. Rotating cap; 220. Locking component; 221. Locking block; 222. Tooth block; 223. Ring gear; 300. External support assembly; 301. Main support pipe; 302. Inspection window; 310. Side support component; 311. Side support rod; 312. Support foot; 313. Anchor rod; 320. Drive component; 321. Lower fixing block; 322. Drive block; 323. Threaded rod; 324. Rotary handle; 325. Mounting cover; 326. Bevel gear set; 400. Second phase change power generation component; 401. Second thermoelectric generator; 402. Annular cover; 403. Heat sink; 404. Heat dissipation fins; 405. Second phase change material layer; 500. Light energy harvesting component; 510. Upper support component; 511. Mounting ear; 512. Support arm; 513. Ball joint; 520. Acquisition component; 521. Annular top plate; 522. Convex light-collecting mirror; 600. Energy storage component; 601. Power supply box; 602. Fixing frame; 603. Support block; 604. Control compartment; 605. Battery compartment; 606. Electrical connection chamber; 607. Control host; 608. Data storage device; 609. Storage battery; 610. Conductive interface; 611. Extension interface. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Combination Figures 1-12 As shown, the battery power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor provided by the present invention includes: an anchor assembly 100, which includes a docking seat 101, a lower probe 102 and a restraint tube 103. The lower probe 102 is provided with a docking seat 101 at the top and a restraint tube 103 at the bottom. The lower probe 102 is inserted into the underground foundation layer. A first phase change power generation component 110 is inserted inside the lower probe 102. The first phase change power generation component 110 has a ring structure and a first perforation 202 is reserved in the middle. The monitoring component 200 includes a hanging cylinder 201 that slides vertically through a first perforation 202. The hanging cylinder 201 has a closed top and an open bottom structure. An operating component 210 is installed in the middle of the hanging cylinder 201. The bottom end of the hanging cylinder 201 is connected to a mounting base 203. The bottom of the mounting base 203 is connected to a monitoring probe 204, which is inserted into the active layer of underground permafrost. The mounting base 203 has a locking component 220 built in it, which is used to fix the mounting base 203 in the constraint tube 103. The external support assembly 300 includes a main support tube 301, which is installed on the top of the docking seat 101. The side wall of the main support tube 301 is connected to multiple sets of side support components 310, and the side wall of the main support tube 301 is provided with an inspection window 302. The second phase change power generation component 400 is installed inside the top of the main support pipe 301; A light energy harvesting component 500 is installed on the top of the main support tube 301. The light energy harvesting component 500 is used to concentrate light energy to the second phase change power generation component 400. The energy storage component 600 is installed inside the main support pipe 301 and is arranged opposite to the inspection window 302. The bottom end of the energy storage component 600 is rotatably installed on the top surface of the hanging cylinder 201. The first phase change power generation component 110 and the second phase change power generation component 400 are electrically connected to the energy storage component 600. The power supply end of the energy storage component 600 is connected to the monitoring probe 204. In the first state of the power supply device: the energy storage component 600 extends outward through the maintenance window 302, and the operation and maintenance personnel read the monitoring information through the interface extended outward by the energy storage component 600; When the power supply device is in the second state: the energy storage component 600 rotates outward through the inspection window 302 to make room for the monitoring component 200 to be lifted; the maintenance personnel first unlock the locking component 220 by operating component 210, and then lift the hoist 201 to raise the monitoring probe 204 to the inspection window 302.

[0020] In the above scheme: 1. The energy storage component 600 adopts a flip-up design, which can be flexibly flipped to the exposed state, making it convenient for maintenance personnel to read monitoring data and check the power supply status through the extended interface 611. Basic maintenance can be completed without disassembling the device, which greatly improves maintenance efficiency. At the same time, it can be flipped to leave space for the extraction of the monitoring component 200, which further optimizes the convenience of device maintenance in conjunction with maintenance operations. 2. The monitoring component can collect the temperature and freeze-thaw status at different depths of the active layer of permafrost in real time. In addition, the monitoring component adopts a liftable design, which can be flexibly extracted and reset. With the flip-up function of the battery storage component 600, maintenance personnel can quickly lift the monitoring probe 204 to a position that is easy to maintain, for cleaning, calibration or replacement, which greatly reduces the difficulty and intensity of maintenance. The locking and operating components work together to quickly fix and unlock the monitoring components. Maintenance personnel can lock or unlock the components by rotating the rotating cap. The operation is convenient and the components are firmly fixed, which effectively avoids the decrease in monitoring accuracy caused by device displacement during the monitoring process. At the same time, it can resist the influence of external forces such as frost heave and sandstorms in Qinghai, ensuring the stable operation of the monitoring probe. 3. Phase change power generation components one and two work together to achieve uninterrupted power generation day and night. They effectively utilize the temperature difference between the underground and the outside world, resulting in stable power generation efficiency and adaptability to the low-temperature characteristics of the high-altitude and cold environment. The core is adapted to the diurnal temperature difference effect of the high-altitude and cold climate in Qinghai, achieving all-weather, stable self-powered power supply and providing reliable energy support for the unattended operation of the device throughout the year.

[0021] In this embodiment, the first phase change power generation component 110 includes a mounting cylinder 111, a sleeve 112, and a first thermoelectric generator 113. The mounting cylinder 111 is inserted into the lower probe 102. Contact ports 114 are evenly distributed on the mounting cylinder 111. The sleeve 112 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting cylinder 111. A first through hole 202 is provided in the sleeve 112. An annular cavity 115 is provided between the sleeve 112 and the mounting cylinder 111. The annular cavity 115 is filled with a first phase change material layer 116 extending to the contact port 114. The first phase change material layer 116 at the contact port 114... A first thermoelectric generator 113 is embedded in the 16. The heat dissipation surface of the first thermoelectric generator 113 is coated with thermal conductive paste and is attached to the inner wall of the lower probe 102. The heat absorption surface of the first thermoelectric generator 113 is coated with thermal conductive paste and is attached to the first phase change material layer 116. An electrical socket 117 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first perforation 202 and is electrically connected to the first thermoelectric generator 113. An annular electrical plug 118 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the hanging cylinder 201. The annular electrical plug 118 is plugged into the electrical socket 117 and is electrically connected to the energy storage component 600. The structural design of the mounting cylinder, sleeve, and annular cavity provides a stable space for the first phase change material layer, ensuring that the first phase change material layer extends to the contact port and achieves full contact with the first thermoelectric generator. By coating both sides of the first thermoelectric generator with thermal grease, the first thermoelectric generator can efficiently utilize the ambient temperature difference to generate electricity and also compensate for gaps. The combination of the electrical socket and the annular electrical plug achieves a stable electrical connection between the first phase change power generation component and the energy storage component and monitoring component, ensuring stable power transmission.

[0022] In this embodiment, the operating component 210 includes a rotating rod 211 and a rotating cap 212. The rotating rod 211 is rotatably mounted inside the lifting cylinder 201. The top of the rotating rod 211 extends out of the lifting cylinder 201 and is fixedly mounted with the rotating cap 212. The bottom of the rotating rod 211 extends into the mounting base 203 and is installed and connected to the locking component 220. Through the integrated structural design of the rotating rod and the rotating cap, maintenance personnel can directly drive the rotating rod to rotate by rotating the rotating cap, thereby controlling the action of the locking component, making the operation simple and convenient.

[0023] In this embodiment, the locking component 220 includes a locking block 221, a toothed block 222, and a ring gear 223. Limiting ports are provided on both sides of the mounting base 203, with the locking block 221 inserted within each port. A locking port is provided within the constraint tube 103 at the locking block 221. The toothed block 222 is fixedly installed on one side of the locking block 221, and the ring gear 223, meshing with the toothed block 222, is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rotating rod 211. Through the meshing structure design of the locking block, toothed block, and ring gear, the locking block can be flexibly raised and lowered. The fixed connection between the ring gear and the rotating rod allows for rapid extension and retraction of the locking block through rotation, making unlocking and locking operations convenient and efficient. The limiting port design limits the locking block, ensuring a stable movement trajectory.

[0024] In this embodiment, the side support component 310 includes side support rods 311, support feet 312, and anchor rods 313. Three sets of side support rods 311 are movably installed on the side wall of the main support pipe 301. Support feet 312 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the side support rods 311, and anchor rods 313 are installed through the support feet 312. The anchor rods 313 are inserted into the underground foundation layer. The symmetrical layout of the three sets of side support rods provides uniform support force for the device, improving the overall stability of the device. The structural design of the support feet increases the contact area with the ground surface, further enhancing the stability of the support. The structure of the anchor rods penetrating the support feet can firmly fix the side support component to the underground foundation layer. The overall structure allows for flexible adjustment of the side support rod angles to adapt to different ground environments.

[0025] In this embodiment, the second phase change power generation component 400 includes a second thermoelectric generator 401, an annular cover 402, a heat sink 403, a heat dissipation fin 404, and a second phase change material layer 405. An extended annular cover 402 is fixedly installed at the top of the main support tube 301, and the top port of the annular cover 402 is horizontal to the top surface of the main support tube 301. The interior of the annular cover 402 is filled with the second phase change material layer 405. A heat sink is fixedly installed at the top port of the annular cover 402 at the top of the main support tube 301. The heat sink 403 has heat dissipation fins 404 fixedly installed at its bottom, extending into the second phase change material layer 405. Multiple sets of second thermoelectric generators 401 are arranged between the second phase change material layer 405 and the annular cover 402. Both the heat dissipation and absorption surfaces of the second thermoelectric generators 401 are coated with thermal grease and adhere to the annular cover 402 and the second phase change material layer 405. Ventilation openings are provided on the main support pipe 301 at the location of the annular cover 402, allowing the annular cover 402 to cool itself. The annular cover's structural design provides a stable space for the second phase change material layer, ensuring full adhesion between the second phase change material layer and the second thermoelectric generators. The integrated structure of the heat sink and heat dissipation fins allows for rapid transfer of heat collected by the light-collecting lens to the second phase change material layer, improving heat absorption and storage efficiency. The ventilation openings effectively cool the annular cover. The overall structure can work in conjunction with the solar energy harvesting components to achieve daytime heat collection and power generation and nighttime heat storage and power generation, ensuring the continuity and stability of power generation.

[0026] In this embodiment, the light energy harvesting component 500 includes an upper support component 510 and a harvesting component 520. The upper support component 510 includes mounting ears 511, a support arm 512, and a ball joint 513. Multiple sets of mounting ears 511 are fixedly installed on the top of the outer side of the main support tube 301. The support arm 512 is movably hinged to the mounting ears 511. The ball joint 513 is hinged to the top of the support arm 512. The support arm 512 is used to support the harvesting component 520 through the ball joint 513. The harvesting component 520 includes an annular top plate 521 and a light-collecting convex lens 522. The support arm 512 is mounted on the annular top plate 521 through the ball joint 513. The ball joint 513 is arranged in a ring at the bottom of the annular top plate 521. The light-collecting convex lens 522 is fixedly installed on the annular top plate 521. The light-collecting convex lens 522 is used to focus light onto the heat sink 403. The hinged structure design of the mounting ear and the support arm allows for flexible adjustment of the support arm's angle. Combined with the rotation function of the spherical joint, this enables multi-angle adjustment of the convex lens, ensuring that the convex lens is always aligned with the direction of solar radiation. This significantly improves the efficiency of solar heat accumulation and provides sufficient heat for the second phase-change power generation component. The annular layout design of the ring top plate and the spherical joint ensures the installation stability of the convex lens while allowing heat to be evenly transferred to the heat sink.

[0027] In this embodiment, the energy storage component 600 includes a power supply box 601 and a fixing frame 602. Support blocks 603 are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the hoisting cylinder 201. The fixing frame 602 is rotatably installed on the support blocks 603. The power supply box 601 is fixedly built into the fixing frame 602. The power supply box 601 has a control compartment 604, a battery compartment 605 and a power connection cavity 606 arranged inside. The control compartment 604 contains a control host 607 and a data storage device 608. The battery compartment 605 contains a battery 609. The power connection cavity 606 is located on one side of the power supply box 601. A conductive interface 610 extending into the control compartment 604 and an extension interface 611 are fixedly installed in the power connection cavity 606. The power supply box features a partitioned structure with internal control compartment, battery compartment, and electrical connection chamber, achieving an orderly layout and clear division of labor among the control host, data storage unit, and battery, thus improving the efficiency of energy storage, regulation, and data storage. The control host can monitor the power generation status in real time and precisely regulate the power output to ensure stable power supply. The data storage unit can effectively store monitoring data, providing support for subsequent analysis. The rotating connection structure between the fixed frame and the support block allows for the flipping and repositioning of the energy storage components, facilitating maintenance personnel to read data and check the power supply status through the external interface without disassembling the device, while also leaving space for the extraction of monitoring components.

[0028] In this embodiment, an insertion component 120 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the constraint tube 103. The insertion component 120 includes connecting strips 121 and insertion probes 122. Three sets of connecting strips 121 are arrayed at the bottom edge of the constraint tube 103. The monitoring probe 204 is located between the three sets of connecting strips 121. The insertion probes 122 are fixedly installed at the bottom of the three sets of connecting strips and are inserted into the underground permafrost layer. The ring array layout of the three sets of connecting strips achieves a firm connection between the insertion probe and the constraint tube, ensuring the installation stability of the insertion probe. The structural design of the insertion probe allows it to penetrate deep into the underground permafrost layer, achieving deep anchoring of the bottom of the device. The fixed connection structure between the connecting strips, the constraint tube, and the insertion probe enhances the overall strength of the anchoring assembly, resisting the influence of external forces such as wind, sand, and freeze-thaw cycles, ensuring the overall stability of the device.

[0029] In this embodiment, a driving component 320 is fixedly installed on one side inside the main support tube 301. The driving component 320 includes a lower fixing block 321, a driving block 322, a threaded rod 323, and a rotating handle 324. A mounting cover 325 is fixedly installed on the top of one side of the main support tube 301. A rotating handle 324 is rotatably installed on the main support tube 301 inside the mounting cover 325. The shaft end of the rotating handle 324 extends into the main support tube 301. The top of the main support tube 301 is rotated... The device is equipped with a threaded rod 323, with a lower fixing block 321 rotatably mounted on the bottom of the threaded rod 323. The lower fixing block 321 is fixed to the inner wall of the main support tube 301. A drive block 322 is threaded onto the threaded rod 323, and the side of the drive block 322 is connected to the lifting cylinder 201. Slide rods that pass through the drive block 322 are fixedly mounted on the lower fixing blocks 321 on both sides of the threaded rod 323. The threaded rod 323 and the shaft end of the rotating handle 324 are jointly equipped with a bevel gear set 326 for transmission connection. Through the cooperative structural design of the threaded rod, drive block and slide rod, the rotational motion can be converted into linear motion, realizing the smooth lifting and lowering of the monitoring component. The transmission structure of the rotating handle and bevel gear set is easy to operate. The maintenance personnel can easily drive the threaded rod to rotate by rotating the handle, thereby driving the monitoring component to rise, effectively solving the problem of difficult manual extraction. The structural design of the lower fixing block provides stable support for the threaded rod and ensures the stability of the transmission process. The structural design of the mounting cover protects the driving components.

[0030] Working principle and usage process of this invention: First, the device is pre-buried to ensure that the probe 102 enters the underground foundation layer, the monitoring probe is inserted into the active layer of underground permafrost, and the probe is inserted into the underground permafrost layer. The first phase change material layer 116 is filled into the annular cavity 115, ensuring that it extends to the contact port 114; then the first thermoelectric generator 113 is embedded into the first phase change material layer 116 at the contact port 114, and thermal grease is applied to both its heat dissipation and heat absorption surfaces to ensure a tight fit; then the sleeve 112 is installed, and the electrical socket 117 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first through hole 202 and electrically connected to the first thermoelectric generator 113 to complete the assembly of the first phase change power generation component 110; finally, it is assembled into a whole, ensuring that the installation is firm and the thermally conductive fit is in place.

[0031] The three sets of side support rods 311, support feet 312, and anchor rods 313 are assembled in sequence. The angle of the side support rods 311 is adjusted to make the support feet 312 bear force evenly. The anchor rods 313 are assembled in place to strengthen the device and resist the influence of external forces such as wind and sand and frost heave in Qinghai.

[0032] The second phase change material layer 405, heat dissipation fins 404, and second thermoelectric generator 401 are assembled onto the annular cover 402. Thermal paste is applied to both sides of the second thermoelectric generator 401 to ensure a tight fit. The annular cover 402 is then assembled into place, and the ventilation openings are kept unobstructed, thus completing the installation of the second phase change power generation component 400. The angle of the convex light-collecting lens 522 is adjusted to ensure good heat collection effect. At the same time, the energy storage component 600 is electrically connected to each power generation component and the monitoring probe 204, thus completing the assembly and fixing of all components.

[0033] After assembly and fixation, activate the dual power generation mode and realize energy storage to ensure stable power supply to the device. The specific operation is as follows: The first phase change power generation component 110 starts up and stores energy: Utilizing the diurnal temperature difference in Qinghai, during the day, heat is transferred to the first temperature difference power generation plate 113, and the first phase change material layer 116 absorbs heat simultaneously, forming a stable temperature difference and converting thermal energy into electrical energy; the electrical energy is transmitted to the energy storage component 600 for storage through the electrical socket 117 and the ring-shaped electrical plug 118; at night, the first phase change material layer 116 releases heat to maintain the temperature difference and ensure stable power generation around the clock, providing continuous energy supply.

[0034] The second phase change power generation component 400 and the solar energy harvesting component 500 work together to generate and store energy: During the day, the convex lens 522 gathers solar heat and transfers it to the second phase change material layer 405, which absorbs and stores the heat; the annular cover 402 cools the air through the ventilation openings, so that the second temperature difference power generation plate 401 forms a stable temperature difference, converting heat energy into electrical energy and storing it; at night, the second phase change material layer 405 releases heat to maintain the temperature difference and ensure continuous power generation, achieving dual power generation complementarity and ensuring sufficient energy.

[0035] Power supply regulation of the energy storage component 600: The control host 607 monitors the power generation status of the two sets of phase change power generation components in real time, accurately regulates the energy storage and output, stores excess energy in the battery 609, and provides a stable working voltage for the monitoring probe 204; the conductive interface 610 ensures smooth electrical connection, and the extended interface 611 is kept closed, reserved for subsequent information reading and maintenance.

[0036] After the power supply is stable, start the monitoring and data collection of the active layer of permafrost. The specific operation is as follows: Monitoring component 200 is fixed: The maintenance personnel rotate the rotating cap 212, which drives the rotating rod 211 and the ring gear 223 to rotate. Through the meshing of the ring gear 223 and the tooth block 222, the locking block 221 is pushed out and locked, thus realizing the firm fixation of the monitoring component 200, ensuring the stable operation of the monitoring probe 204, and avoiding displacement from affecting the monitoring accuracy.

[0037] The monitoring probe 204 starts working and collects the temperature and freeze-thaw status at different depths of the active layer of permafrost in real time. It adapts to the phase change characteristics of water in the freeze-thaw alternation layer and captures the changes at the freeze-thaw interface. The collected data is transmitted to the data storage device 608, and the control host 607 performs preliminary processing and filtering of the data to ensure that the data is complete and accurate. At the same time, the temperature change data fed back by the first thermoelectric generator 113 helps to judge the freeze-thaw trend of the active layer of permafrost and provides basic data support.

[0038] During monitoring, equipment maintenance and operation are carried out using the switching function of the power supply unit, with two operating modes to ensure standardized and orderly operation. Status 1: Monitoring Information Reading: Personnel open the inspection window, and maintenance personnel flip the energy storage component 600 to the exposed state, so that the external interface 611 is fully exposed; connect the monitoring equipment to the external interface 611, read the monitoring data and check the power supply status; after reading, flip the energy storage component 600 back to its original position, ensure that it is firmly installed, restore normal monitoring, and then close the inspection window.

[0039] State 2: During the extraction and maintenance of monitoring component 200: First, flip the energy storage component 600 to expose it, leaving space for the extraction of monitoring component 200; Second, rotate the rotating cap 212 to drive the rotating rod 211 to rotate in the opposite direction, causing the locking block 221 to retract and release the locking of monitoring component 200; Third, if the extraction resistance is large, operate the drive component 320 and rotate the rotating handle 324. Through the cooperation of the bevel gear set 326, threaded rod 323, and drive block 322, the monitoring component 200 is raised to a position that is easy to maintain; Fourth, clean, calibrate, or replace the monitoring probe 204, check the integrity of the mounting base 203 and locking component 220, and maintain them in a timely manner; Fifth, reverse the operation of the drive component 320 or manually lower the monitoring component 200 to reset the monitoring probe 204; Sixth, rotate the rotating cap 212 to relock the monitoring component 200; Seventh, flip the energy storage component 600 back to its original position, close the mounting cover, and complete the maintenance work; Furthermore, if personnel need to inspect or replace the first phase-change power generation component, the operation steps in the second state are followed. First, the monitoring component 200 is raised, the hoisting cylinder is separated from the first perforation, and then the personnel can take the first phase-change power generation component out of the lower probe. The entire operation does not require the entire device to be removed from the soil, making the operation convenient and quick.

[0040] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0041] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery-powered device for a permafrost monitoring sensor, characterized in that, include: An anchoring assembly includes a docking seat, a lower probe, and a restraint tube. The lower probe has a docking seat at the top and a restraint tube at the bottom. The lower probe is inserted into the underground foundation layer. A first phase change power generation component is inserted inside the lower probe. The first phase change power generation component has a ring structure and a first perforation is reserved in the middle. The monitoring component includes a suspended cylinder that slides vertically through a first perforation. The suspended cylinder has a closed top and an open bottom structure. An operating component is installed in the middle of the suspended cylinder. A mounting base is connected to the bottom of the suspended cylinder. A monitoring probe is connected to the bottom of the mounting base. The monitoring probe is inserted into the active layer of underground permafrost. A locking component is built into the mounting base to fix the mounting base inside the constraint tube. The external support assembly includes a main support tube, which is installed at the top of the docking seat. Multiple sets of side support components are connected to the side wall of the main support tube, and an inspection window is provided on the side wall of the main support tube. The second phase-change power generation component is installed inside the top of the main support pipe; The light energy harvesting component is installed on the top of the main support tube. The light energy harvesting component is used to concentrate light energy to the second phase change power generation component. The energy storage component is installed inside the main support tube and is arranged opposite to the inspection window. The bottom end of the energy storage component is rotatably installed on the top surface of the hoisting cylinder. The first phase change power generation component and the second phase change power generation component are electrically connected to the energy storage component. The power supply end of the energy storage component is connected to the monitoring probe. In the first state of the power supply device: the energy storage component extends outward through the maintenance window, and maintenance personnel read monitoring information through the extended interface of the energy storage component; When the power supply device is in the second state: the energy storage component is rotated outward through the maintenance window to make room for the monitoring component to be lifted; the maintenance personnel first unlock the locking component by operating the component, and then lift the hoist to raise the monitoring probe to the maintenance window.

2. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first phase change power generation component includes an installation cylinder, a sleeve, and a first thermoelectric generator. The installation cylinder is inserted into the lower probe tube, and contact ports are evenly distributed on the installation cylinder. The sleeve is fixedly installed at the bottom of the installation cylinder. A first perforation is set in the sleeve. An annular cavity is set between the sleeve and the installation cylinder. The annular cavity is filled with a first phase change material layer extending to the contact port. The first thermoelectric generator is embedded in the first phase change material layer at the contact port. The heat dissipation surface of the first thermoelectric generator is coated with thermal conductive paste and adheres to the inner wall of the lower probe tube. The heat absorption surface of the first thermoelectric generator is coated with thermal conductive paste and adheres to the first phase change material layer. An electrical socket is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the first perforation and is electrically connected to the first thermoelectric generator. An annular electrical plug is fixedly installed on the outside of the cylinder. The annular electrical plug is plugged into the electrical socket and is electrically connected to the energy storage component.

3. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating components include a rotating rod and a rotating cap. The rotating rod is rotatably mounted inside the lifting cylinder. The top of the rotating rod extends out of the lifting cylinder and is fixedly mounted with the rotating cap. The bottom of the rotating rod extends into the mounting base and is installed and connected with the locking component.

4. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking component includes a locking block, a toothed block, and a ring gear. Limiting ports are provided on both sides of the mounting base. A locking block is inserted into the limiting port. A locking port is provided in the constraint tube at the locking block. A toothed block is fixedly installed on one side of the locking block. A ring gear that meshes with the toothed block is fixedly installed at the bottom of the rotating rod.

5. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side support component includes a side support rod, a support foot, and an anchor rod. Three sets of side support rods are movably installed on the side wall of the main support pipe. A support foot is fixedly installed at the bottom of the side support rod, and an anchor rod is installed through the support foot. The anchor rod is used to insert into the underground foundation layer.

6. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second phase change power generation component includes a second thermoelectric generator, an annular cover, a heat sink, heat dissipation fins, and a second phase change material layer. An annular cover is fixedly installed at the top of the main support tube, and the top port of the annular cover is horizontal with the top surface of the main support tube. The interior of the annular cover is filled with the second phase change material layer. A heat sink is fixedly installed at the top port of the annular cover at the top of the main support tube. Heat dissipation fins extending into the second phase change material layer are fixedly installed at the bottom of the heat sink. Multiple sets of second thermoelectric generators are arranged between the second phase change material layer and the annular cover. The heat dissipation surface and heat absorption surface of the second thermoelectric generators are coated with thermal grease and are attached to the annular cover and the second phase change material layer. A vent is provided on the main support tube at the position of the annular cover, and the annular cover is cooled by the vent.

7. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light energy harvesting component includes an upper support component and a harvesting component; the upper support component includes mounting ears, a support arm and a ball joint, and multiple sets of mounting ears are fixedly installed on the top of the outer side of the main support tube, a support arm is movably hinged to the mounting ears, and a ball joint is hinged to the top of the support arm, and the support arm is used to support the installation of the harvesting component through the ball joint. The acquisition component includes an annular top plate, a convex light-collecting lens, and a support arm that is mounted on the annular top plate via a ball joint. The ball joint is arranged in a ring at the bottom of the annular top plate, and the convex light-collecting lens is fixedly mounted on the annular top plate to focus light onto the heat sink.

8. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage assembly includes a power supply box and a mounting frame. Support blocks are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the cylinder, and the mounting frame is rotatably installed on the support blocks. The power supply box is fixedly built into the mounting frame. The power supply box has a control compartment, a battery compartment and a power connection cavity distributed inside. The control compartment contains a control host and a data storage device. The battery compartment contains a battery. The power connection cavity is located on one side of the power supply box. A conductive interface extending into the control compartment and an external interface are fixedly installed in the power connection cavity.

9. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the constraint tube is fixedly installed with an insertion component, which includes a connecting strip and an insertion probe. Three sets of connecting strips are arrayed at the bottom edge of the constraint tube. The monitoring probe is located between the three sets of connecting strips. An insertion probe is fixedly installed at the bottom of the three sets of connecting strips and is inserted into the underground permafrost layer.

10. The battery pack power supply device for the permafrost monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drive component is fixedly installed on one side inside the main support tube. The drive component includes a lower fixing block, a drive block, a threaded rod, and a rotating handle. A mounting cover is fixedly installed on the top of one side of the main support tube. A rotating handle is rotatably installed on the main support tube inside the mounting cover. The shaft end of the rotating handle extends into the main support tube. A threaded rod is rotatably installed on the top of the main support tube. A lower fixing block is rotatably installed on the bottom of the threaded rod and is fixed to the inner wall of the main support tube. A drive block is threaded onto the threaded rod, and the side of the drive block is connected to the lifting cylinder. Slide rods penetrating the drive block are fixedly installed on the lower fixing blocks on both sides of the threaded rod. A bevel gear set for transmission connection is assembled together with the shaft end of the threaded rod and the rotating handle.

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