High-precision bone-ash memorial based on die-casting and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a high-precision cremated remains keepsake based on die casting and its preparation method, belonging to the field of funeral keepsake technology. Addressing the problems of low precision, poor efficiency, high cost, and difficulty in large-scale production in existing cremated remains keepsake molding processes, this invention designs a suitable die casting process based on the characteristics of calcium phosphate (CaP), the main component of cremated remains. This process includes raw material pretreatment, vacuum mixing, mold pretreatment and die casting, demolding and curing, and fine processing steps: the cremated remains are dried and secondarily ground to 150–200 mesh without any sieving; they are then vacuum mixed with a bio-based or inorganic binder in a specific ratio; die-cast under preset temperature and pressure parameters; and finely processed after targeted curing and maintenance. The keepsake prepared by this invention has a density ≥92%, excellent strength, exquisite appearance, and can achieve complex shapes. Furthermore, the process is stable and controllable, with no harmful residues, good biocompatibility, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of funeral souvenir technology, and more specifically, relates to a high-precision cremated remains souvenir based on die casting and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the funeral memorial industry, ashes keepsakes, as the core carrier of the emotional attachment of the deceased's relatives, are increasingly valued by the market for their quality, precision of design, and preservation stability. With the growing demand for personalized and high-quality memorial services, traditional ashes keepsake molding techniques are no longer sufficient to meet practical application needs.

[0003] The current mainstream molding process for cremated remains keepsakes has many significant flaws: (1) Manual resin injection molding: Relying on manual operation to mix bone ash and resin and then inject it into a simple mold for curing, the molding accuracy is low. The mixing and injection process is prone to introducing air bubbles, resulting in loose internal structure and weak mechanical properties of the finished product. After long-term use, it is prone to failure problems such as delamination and cracking. (2) Ceramic glazing and firing: Bone ash is mixed into glaze and coated on the surface of ceramic blank and then fired at high temperature. This easily produces appearance defects such as color difference and spots on the glaze surface. Moreover, the reaction between bone ash and glaze is uneven at high temperature, which affects the density of the finished product. At the same time, it is difficult to demold complex products, resulting in a low yield. (3) High temperature and high pressure synthetic diamond forming: By extracting carbon elements from bone ash, diamonds are synthesized under ultra-high temperature and high pressure. This technology requires huge equipment investment, the production cycle is as long as 6-8 weeks, and the cost is high (about RMB 20,000 for a 0.3 carat finished product), making it impossible to achieve large-scale mass production; (4) Traditional splicing / casting molding: mostly used for large products such as urns. It adopts wood splicing or gypsum and cement casting process. Not only is the process rough and the shape is simple, but stress concentration is easy to occur inside the product. It is easy to crack under temperature change environment, and the production efficiency is extremely low. (5) Manual pressing: After mixing the bone ash with the binder, it is manually pressed into the mold. The uneven distribution of molding pressure leads to inconsistent density of the finished product, and the surface is prone to pitting and wrinkles. It is impossible to achieve fine texture replication, resulting in poor product consistency.

[0004] In summary, existing processes generally suffer from low molding precision, poor mechanical properties, numerous appearance defects, low production efficiency, high costs, or difficulty in large-scale production, making it impossible to stably produce high-quality cremated remains souvenirs that combine complex shapes, excellent mechanical properties, and reasonable costs. Therefore, developing a process adapted to the characteristics of cremated remains (CaP) materials, capable of high-precision, high-performance, and high-efficiency molding, and adaptable to complex shapes has become an urgent technological need in the funeral souvenir industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a high-precision cremated remains keepsake based on die casting and its preparation method. This invention solves the technical problems of existing cremated remains keepsake molding processes, such as low molding precision, poor product density and mechanical properties, easy delamination and cracking, numerous appearance defects, inability to achieve complex shapes, high costs, or difficulty in large-scale production. It also adapts to the characteristics of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials, the main component of cremated remains, to achieve efficient and stable preparation of high-precision, high-performance cremated remains keepsakes.

[0006] A method for preparing high-precision cremated remains keepsakes based on die casting includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment, wherein the raw materials include bone ash and binder, and the main component of the bone ash is calcium phosphate material (CaP) such as hydroxyapatite. The raw material pretreatment includes drying and re-grinding the bone ash, as well as drying, blending, or removing impurities from the binder. S2: The pretreated bone ash powder is mixed with the binder under vacuum to obtain a uniform mixture; S3: Inject the mixture into a preheated mold, apply pressure to perform die casting and hold the pressure; S4: After the mold cools to the set temperature, demold the semi-finished product and cure it. S5: After the product has solidified, it is further processed to obtain cremated remains keepsakes.

[0007] Preferably, the adhesive is selected from bio-based adhesives or inorganic adhesives; The bio-based binder is type I collagen, or a composite binder composed of chitosan and κ-carrageenan; The inorganic binder is magnesium phosphate cement, or a composite binder composed of phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide, or a silicate binder.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the temperature for drying the cremated remains is 100–110℃, and the drying time is 2–3 hours; after secondary grinding, the particle size of the cremated remains powder reaches 150–200 mesh, and no sieving is required throughout the process, with all the cremated remains retained; the ground cremated remains powder is sealed and stored in a dry environment.

[0009] Preferably, in step S1, the pretreatment of the binder specifically includes: pulverizing and drying the bio-based binder, adjusting the silicate binder to a suitable concentration and filtering out impurities, drying the magnesium phosphate cement at 80–100℃ for 1–2 hours to remove impurities, and mixing the phosphate-magnesium oxide composite binder with phosphate adjusted to a concentration of 40–60% and then with 0.5–3.0% magnesium oxide.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the weight ratio of bone ash powder to binder is: 3:7 or 1:0.2–0.3 if a bio-based binder is used; and 1:0.1–0.15 if an inorganic binder is used. The mixing conditions are: vacuum degree. 0.08~ 0.1 MPa, rotation speed 250–400 r / min, mixing time 20–35 minutes; after mixing, seal and let stand for 20–30 minutes.

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, the mold is a wear-resistant metal mold, and the mold pretreatment includes preheating to 40–60°C and holding for 30 minutes, uniformly coating the inner wall of the cavity with a silicone-based release agent; the die-casting pressure is 10–30 MPa, the mold temperature is 40–60°C, and the holding time is 3–6 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, in step S4, the mold temperature during demolding is 25–30°C; the curing conditions are as follows: if a bio-based adhesive is used, curing is carried out for 48–72 hours in an environment of 25–30°C and 60–70% relative humidity; if an inorganic adhesive is used, curing is carried out for 24–48 hours in an environment of 30–35°C and 50–60% relative humidity, and optionally, the adhesive can be dried at a low temperature of 100–120°C for 1 hour.

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, the fine processing includes grinding and polishing to remove burrs and surface defects, and may also selectively perform engraving, coloring or transparent inorganic glaze sealing treatment.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the mixing device is a vacuum mixing device, and the mixture is a uniform mixture without bubbles or agglomerates.

[0015] Preferably, the prepared cremated remains have a density of ≥92%, good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and no harmful residues.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention selects suitable bio-based or inorganic binders based on the material properties of cremated remains (CaP), and combines vacuum mixing with precise die-casting processes to effectively solve problems such as poor fluidity, brittleness, and uneven density during the cremated remains molding process. The prepared keepsakes have a density of ≥92%, high mechanical strength, and a dense structure, making them resistant to delamination and cracking with long-term use. After fine processing, the surface is smooth without pitting or wrinkles, allowing for the replication of complex shapes and fine textures, resulting in a beautiful and consistent appearance. The products have no harmful residues, excellent biocompatibility, and high safety for use.

[0017] The process design fully matches the physicochemical properties of CaP. The bone ash pretreatment process is screening-free, achieving 100% retention, which respects emotional needs while ensuring the utilization rate of raw materials. The vacuum mixing environment avoids the introduction of air bubbles. The pressure and temperature parameters during the die casting process are precisely controllable. The mold is preheated and treated with a release agent to ensure that the mixture fully fills the cavity, significantly improving the molding accuracy and solving the pain points of low accuracy and many defects in the existing process.

[0018] Compared to processes such as high-temperature and high-pressure synthetic diamonds, the present invention has a shorter process cycle, and the entire process from raw material pretreatment to finished product processing is simple and controllable. It does not require complex and expensive equipment, the die casting process has a high degree of automation, and the production efficiency is significantly better than traditional processes such as manual pouring and manual pressing. Moreover, the product qualification rate is high, which can meet the needs of large-scale and stable industrial production and effectively reduce production costs.

[0019] It supports flexible selection of both bio-based and inorganic adhesives, and process parameters can be adjusted according to product usage scenarios and performance requirements. In the fine processing stage, personalized treatments such as engraving, coloring, and transparent inorganic glaze sealing can be achieved to meet the emotional commemoration and appearance needs of different users, and its application scenarios are wide.

[0020] The selected binder has good compatibility with bone ash, releases no harmful components, and the process is environmentally friendly as it does not involve high-temperature or high-pollution steps. The temperature, pressure, and time parameters for each process step are clearly defined, requiring no complex operating skills, and the process is highly stable, making it easy to standardize and promote its application. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, in order to more clearly demonstrate the implementation process and technical effects of the present invention. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0023] Example 1: Preparation of cremated remains keepsakes using type I collagen (bio-based binder) Raw material preparation: Cremated remains of the deceased: The main component is hydroxyapatite (CaP), with no obvious impurities; Binder: Type I collagen (bio-based binder), purity ≥95%; Auxiliary materials: deionized water, silicone-based release agent, transparent inorganic glaze.

[0024] Raw material pretreatment: Cremated bone ash pretreatment: Take 500g of cremated bone ash and dry it in a 105℃ forced-air drying oven for 2.5 hours to completely remove moisture; transfer the dried cremated bone ash to a planetary ball mill for secondary grinding. After grinding, the particle size of the cremated bone ash powder reaches 180 mesh. No sieving was performed throughout the process, achieving 100% retention of cremated bone ash; seal the ground cremated bone ash powder in a desiccator to prevent moisture absorption.

[0025] Adhesive pretreatment: Take 350g of type I collagen, crush it to 200 mesh, place it in a drying oven at 65℃ and dry it for 1 hour to remove adsorbed water; add deionized water to the dried type I collagen at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:0.8, stir evenly to make a paste for later use.

[0026] mix: The pretreated bone ash powder and type I collagen paste were added to a vacuum mixer at a weight ratio of 3:7. The vacuum degree was set to -0.09MPa and the rotation speed was 300r / min. The mixture was mixed for 28 minutes to obtain a uniform, bubble-free, and agglomerated mixture. After the mixing was completed, the mixture was sealed and allowed to stand for 25 minutes to eliminate the internal stress generated during the mixing process.

[0027] Mold pretreatment and die casting: Select a wear-resistant stainless steel mold (the cavity corresponds to the preset souvenir shape), place the mold in a constant temperature oven to preheat to 50℃ and keep it at that temperature for 30 minutes; after removing the mold, use a spray gun to evenly coat a layer of silicone-based release agent on the inner wall of the cavity, and wait for the release agent to flow and dry naturally; evenly inject the settled mixture into the mold cavity, place the mold in a die-casting machine, set the die-casting pressure to 20MPa, maintain the mold temperature at 50℃, and hold the pressure for 4 minutes to allow the mixture to fully fill the cavity and initially solidify.

[0028] Demolding and curing: After the pressure holding period is over, release the pressure and place the mold in a room temperature environment to cool to 28°C. Then, remove the semi-finished product using a mechanical demolding method. Place the semi-finished product in a constant temperature and humidity curing chamber, set the temperature to 28°C and the relative humidity to 65%, and cure for 60 hours to complete the curing process.

[0029] Fine processing: After curing, the product is gradually polished with 200-grit, 400-grit, and 800-grit sandpaper to remove surface burrs and imperfections. After polishing, a transparent inorganic glaze is applied by spraying, and the finished cremated remains are obtained after drying.

[0030] Performance testing: The finished product has a density of ≥92%, a smooth surface without pitting or wrinkles, excellent mechanical strength, and no risk of cracking; it has been tested and found to have no harmful residues, good biocompatibility, and a delicate appearance and texture.

[0031] Example 2: Preparation of cremated remains keepsakes using chitosan / κ-carrageenan composite binder (bio-based binder) Raw material preparation: Cremated remains of the deceased: The main component is hydroxyapatite (CaP); Binders: Chitosan, κ-carrageenan (composite bio-based binders); Auxiliary materials: 1% acetic acid solution, silicone-based mold release agent, special engraving tools.

[0032] Raw material pretreatment: Pretreatment of cremated remains: Take 400g of cremated remains, place them in a 100℃ drying oven and dry for 3 hours. After drying, grind them twice to 150 mesh and seal them for storage in a dry environment.

[0033] Adhesive pretreatment: Take 50g of chitosan, dissolve it in 1% acetic acid solution to prepare a 5% chitosan solution, and filter to remove insoluble impurities; take 10g of κ-carrageenan, dissolve it in deionized water to prepare a 2% solution, and mix the two solutions evenly at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain chitosan / κ-carrageenan composite adhesive.

[0034] mix: Add the bone ash powder and composite binder into a vacuum mixer at a weight ratio of 1:0.25, set the vacuum degree to -0.08MPa and the rotation speed to 250r / min, and mix for 35 minutes; after mixing, seal and let stand for 20 minutes to eliminate internal stress.

[0035] Mold pretreatment and die casting: Use wear-resistant alloy steel molds, preheat to 40℃ and hold for 30 minutes, and coat the inner wall of the cavity with a silicone-based release agent; inject the mixture into the mold, set the die-casting pressure to 10MPa and the mold temperature to 40℃, and hold the pressure for 6 minutes.

[0036] Demolding and curing: Demold the product when the mold cools to 25°C, and place the semi-finished product in a constant temperature and humidity chamber. Set the temperature to 25°C and the relative humidity to 60% and cure for 72 hours.

[0037] Fine processing: After grinding and polishing, the deceased's information is engraved on the surface of the finished product using laser engraving, resulting in a cremated urn keepsake with engraving.

[0038] Performance testing: The finished product has a density of ≥90%, clear surface texture, firm and non-detachable lettering, stable mechanical properties, and no delamination.

[0039] Example 3: Preparation of cremated remains keepsakes using magnesium phosphate cement (inorganic binder) Raw material preparation: Cremated remains of the deceased: The main component is hydroxyapatite (CaP); Binder: Magnesium phosphate cement (inorganic binder); Auxiliary materials: silicone-based release agent, polishing paste.

[0040] Raw material pretreatment: Cremated bone ash pretreatment: Take 500g of cremated bone ash, place it in a drying oven at 110℃ and dry for 2 hours, grind it a second time to 200 mesh, and store it in a sealed container.

[0041] Adhesive pretreatment: Take 60g of magnesium phosphate cement, place it in a 90℃ drying oven and dry for 1.5 hours to remove impurities and moisture, and then cool it for later use.

[0042] mix: Add the bone ash powder and magnesium phosphate cement to a vacuum mixer at a weight ratio of 1:0.12, set the vacuum degree to -0.1MPa and the rotation speed to 400r / min, and mix for 20 minutes; after mixing, seal and let stand for 30 minutes.

[0043] Mold pretreatment and die casting: Select a wear-resistant cast iron mold, preheat it to 60℃ and hold it for 30 minutes, and coat the inner wall of the cavity with a silicone-based release agent; inject the mixture into the mold, set the die-casting pressure to 30MPa and the mold temperature to 60℃, and hold the pressure for 3 minutes.

[0044] Demolding and curing: Demold the product when the mold cools to 30℃, place the semi-finished product in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, set the temperature to 30℃ and the relative humidity to 50%, and cure for 48 hours; after curing, place the semi-finished product in a 110℃ oven for low-temperature drying for 1 hour to enhance its mechanical strength.

[0045] Fine processing: After fine polishing, a glossy cremated remains keepsake is obtained.

[0046] Performance testing: The finished product has a density of ≥93%, higher mechanical strength than products prepared with bio-based binders, excellent wear resistance and temperature change resistance, and no risk of cracking.

[0047] Example 4: Preparation of cremated remains keepsakes using a phosphate-magnesium oxide composite binder (inorganic binder) Raw material preparation: Cremated remains of the deceased: The main component is hydroxyapatite (CaP); Binder: Phosphoric acid, magnesium oxide (composite inorganic binder); Auxiliary materials: silicone-based release agent, special colorant.

[0048] Raw material pretreatment: Pretreatment of cremated remains: Take 450g of cremated remains, place them in a drying oven at 105℃ and dry for 3 hours, grind them a second time to 180 mesh, and seal and store.

[0049] Adhesive pretreatment: Adjust the phosphoric acid to a concentration of 50%, take 45g of this concentration of phosphoric acid, and mix it evenly with 0.675g of magnesium oxide (accounting for 1.5% of the mass of phosphoric acid) to obtain a phosphoric acid-magnesium oxide composite adhesive.

[0050] mix: Add the bone ash powder and composite binder into a vacuum mixer at a weight ratio of 1:0.15, set the vacuum degree to -0.095MPa and the rotation speed to 350r / min, and mix for 25 minutes; after mixing, seal and let stand for 22 minutes.

[0051] Mold pretreatment and die casting: Use a wear-resistant stainless steel mold, preheat to 55℃ and hold for 30 minutes, and coat the inner wall of the cavity with a silicone-based release agent; inject the mixture into the mold, set the die-casting pressure to 25MPa and the mold temperature to 55℃, and hold the pressure for 5 minutes.

[0052] Demolding and curing: Demold the product when the mold cools to 27℃, place the semi-finished product in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, set the temperature to 35℃ and the relative humidity to 55%, and cure for 36 hours; after curing, place it in a 120℃ oven to dry for 1 hour.

[0053] Fine processing: After grinding and polishing, the ashes are colored by brushing and then dried to obtain colored cremated remains.

[0054] Performance testing: The finished product has a density of ≥91%, uniform and firm color, stable mechanical properties, and good stain resistance.

[0055] Example 5: Preparation of cremated remains keepsakes using silicate-based binders (inorganic binders) Raw material preparation: Cremated remains of the deceased: The main component is hydroxyapatite (CaP); Adhesive: Sodium silicate (silicate inorganic adhesive); Auxiliary materials: deionized water, silicone-based release agent.

[0056] Raw material pretreatment: Cremated bone ash pretreatment: Take 300g of cremated bone ash, place it in a 100℃ drying oven and dry for 2.5 hours, grind it a second time to 160 mesh, and store it in a sealed container.

[0057] Adhesive pretreatment: Take 30g of sodium silicate, add deionized water to adjust to a concentration of 35%, filter to remove insoluble matter, and obtain refined silicate adhesive.

[0058] mix: Add the bone ash powder and silicate binder into a vacuum mixer at a weight ratio of 1:0.1, set the vacuum degree to -0.085MPa and the rotation speed to 300r / min, and mix for 30 minutes; after mixing, seal and let stand for 28 minutes.

[0059] Mold pretreatment and die casting: Use wear-resistant alloy steel molds, preheat to 45℃ and hold for 30 minutes, and coat the inner wall of the cavity with a silicone-based release agent; inject the mixture into the mold, set the die-casting pressure to 15MPa and the mold temperature to 45℃, and hold the pressure for 4.5 minutes.

[0060] Demolding and curing: Demold the product when the mold cools to 26℃, place the semi-finished product in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, set the temperature to 32℃ and the relative humidity to 58%, and cure for 24 hours; after curing, place it in a 100℃ oven to dry for 1 hour.

[0061] Fine processing: After grinding and polishing, the finished cremated remains souvenirs are obtained.

[0062] Performance testing: The finished product has a density of ≥90%, a smooth surface, a dense structure, and does not exhibit moisture absorption or deformation during long-term storage.

[0063] The above embodiments are all based on the core technical solution of this invention. By selecting different types of binders and matching corresponding process parameters, cremated remains keepsakes with high density, excellent mechanical properties, and exquisite appearance can be prepared. During implementation, the process is stable and controllable, requires no complex equipment, and can achieve large-scale industrial production, effectively solving the problems of low precision, poor efficiency, high cost, and difficulty in scaling up existing processes.

[0064] The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-precision cremated remains keepsakes based on die casting, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Raw material pretreatment, wherein the raw materials include bone ash and binder, and the main component of the bone ash is calcium phosphate material CaP such as hydroxyapatite; The raw material pretreatment includes drying and re-grinding the bone ash, as well as drying, blending, or removing impurities from the binder. S2: The pretreated bone ash powder is mixed with the binder under vacuum to obtain a uniform mixture; S3: Inject the mixture into a preheated mold, apply pressure to perform die casting and hold the pressure; S4: After the mold cools to the set temperature, demold the semi-finished product and cure it. S5: After the product has solidified, it is further processed to obtain cremated remains keepsakes.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adhesive is selected from bio-based adhesives or inorganic adhesives; The bio-based binder is type I collagen, or a composite binder composed of chitosan and κ-carrageenan; The inorganic binder is magnesium phosphate cement, or a composite binder composed of phosphoric acid and magnesium oxide, or a silicate binder.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the temperature for drying the cremated remains is 100–110℃, and the drying time is 2–3 hours. After secondary grinding, the particle size of the cremated remains powder reaches 150–200 mesh, and no sieving is required throughout the process, so all the cremated remains are retained. The ground cremated remains powder is sealed and stored in a dry environment.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S1, the pretreatment of the binder specifically includes: pulverizing and drying the bio-based binder, adjusting the silicate binder to a suitable concentration and filtering out impurities, drying the magnesium phosphate cement at 80–100℃ for 1–2 hours to remove impurities, and mixing the phosphate-magnesium oxide composite binder with phosphate adjusted to a concentration of 40–60% and then with 0.5–3.0% magnesium oxide.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the weight ratio of bone ash powder to binder is: 3:7 or 1:0.2–0.3 for a bio-based binder; and 1:0.1–0.15 for an inorganic binder. The mixing conditions are: vacuum degree. 0.08~ 0.1 MPa, rotation speed 250–400 r / min, mixing time 20–35 minutes; after mixing, seal and let stand for 20–30 minutes.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the mold is a wear-resistant metal mold. The mold pretreatment includes preheating to 40–60°C and holding for 30 minutes, uniformly coating the inner wall of the cavity with a silicone-based release agent; the die-casting pressure is 10–30 MPa, the mold temperature is 40–60°C, and the holding time is 3–6 minutes.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step S4, the mold temperature during demolding is 25–30°C; the curing conditions are as follows: if a bio-based adhesive is used, it is cured for 48–72 hours in an environment of 25–30°C and 60–70% relative humidity; if an inorganic adhesive is used, it is cured for 24–48 hours in an environment of 30–35°C and 50–60% relative humidity, and can be selectively dried at a low temperature of 100–120°C for 1 hour.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the fine processing includes grinding and polishing to remove burrs and surface defects, and may also selectively perform engraving, coloring or transparent inorganic glaze sealing treatment.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the mixing equipment is a vacuum mixing equipment, and the mixture is a uniform mixture without bubbles or agglomerates.

10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1–9, characterized in that, The prepared cremated remains have a density of ≥92%.

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