Laser measuring device and method for anchor rod support spacing

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of anchor bolt spacing measurement, specifically a laser measuring device and method for anchor bolt spacing. The device includes a mounting rod, a laser measuring instrument mounted on top of the mounting rod, and a controller. A telescopic rod with its output end pointing downwards is fitted inside the mounting rod. A housing is located at the bottom of the mounting rod, and a base is connected to the bottom of the housing. The base has a through hole. Inside the housing, a stake-fixing mechanism and several centrally symmetrically distributed stakes are arranged. The stake-fixing mechanism includes a push plate, which, driven by the telescopic rod, pushes the stakes through the through hole, enabling them to extend and retract. Through the stake-fixing mechanism, several stakes can be directly inserted into the soil, providing support for the base. The original cosine theorem measurement algorithm is optimized by inclination compensation, unit conversion, and averaging multiple measurements, effectively eliminating random errors and improving the accuracy of anchor bolt spacing calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchor bolt spacing measurement, specifically to a laser measuring device and method for anchor bolt spacing. Background Technology

[0002] Support anchors are rod-shaped components used in geotechnical engineering to actively reinforce soil or surrounding rock in slopes, tunnels, roadways, foundation pits, etc. By anchoring one end of the anchor into a stable soil or rock layer, the shallow unstable soil or rock layer is connected to the deep stable rock layer by the bonding force, friction, or mechanical locking between the anchor and the soil or rock layer, thereby improving the bearing capacity and stability of the surrounding rock and achieving the active support effect of "stabilizing rock with rock". They are suitable for geotechnical engineering such as slopes and foundation pits, mine roadways and mining areas, and tunnels.

[0003] During anchor bolt installation, real-time spacing measurement is necessary to facilitate timely adjustments to the placement. Laser ranging technology is used to measure the installation distance between anchor bolts. By emitting a laser beam and receiving the signal reflected from the anchor bolt surface, the actual distance between two points is calculated. However, the laser measuring equipment needs to be fixed to the ground using a support bracket before measuring the distance between two anchor bolts. Each measurement requires changing the bracket's placement. The complex conditions of slopes and foundation pits, with numerous stones of varying heights and some loose soil, make it difficult to straighten the bracket after fixing it, affecting the accuracy of laser measurements. Furthermore, manual insertion, removal, and angle adjustment are time-consuming and laborious, also impacting the efficiency of anchor bolt spacing measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a laser measuring device and method for anchor bolt spacing, enabling convenient and stable support of the laser measuring device and improving the accuracy of laser measurement of anchor bolt spacing.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention discloses a laser measuring device for anchor bolt support spacing, comprising a mounting rod, a laser measuring instrument mounted on the top of the mounting rod, and a controller. The mounting rod is fitted with a telescopic rod with its output end pointing downwards. A housing is disposed at the bottom of the mounting rod, and a base is connected to the bottom of the housing. A through hole is provided on the base. A pile fixing mechanism and several centrally symmetrically distributed piles are disposed within the internal space of the housing. The pile fixing mechanism includes a push plate, which, driven by the telescopic rod, pushes the piles through the through hole, achieving extension and retraction.

[0006] It also includes a side support mechanism, which includes a rod and a side support drive assembly. The side wall of the stake is provided with a side support hole. The rod passes through the side support hole under the drive of the side support drive assembly, so as to extend and retract.

[0007] Furthermore, the lower surface of the push plate is provided with a plurality of insert cylinders corresponding to the position of the insert, and the insert is fixedly inserted into the insert cylinders; a limiting ring is installed on the outside of the insert, and a rubber washer is installed around the through hole on the top of the base, and the maximum extension position of the insert is when the limiting ring contacts the rubber washer.

[0008] Furthermore, the insertion rod includes a first insertion rod and a second insertion rod arranged in an alternating manner. The side support drive assembly includes a U-shaped plate disposed between the first insertion rod and the second insertion rod. A first rack is disposed on the opposite surfaces of the two side walls of the U-shaped plate. A second rack is disposed on the first insertion rod and the second insertion rod. A first rotating rod is disposed between the first rack and the second rack and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the insertion pile. A first gear meshing with the first rack and a second gear meshing with the second rack are disposed on the first rotating rod. The bottom wall of the U-shaped plate is fixedly connected to one end of the push rod. The other end of the push rod passes through the top wall of the insertion pile and the push plate and is fixedly connected to the movable push frame. The movable push frame drives the U-shaped plate to move up and down through the push rod under the drive of the push-pull assembly.

[0009] Furthermore, the push-pull assembly is disposed on the push plate, the push-pull assembly includes a U-shaped frame with an opening facing downwards, a screw is rotatably mounted between the bottom wall of the U-shaped frame and the push plate, the movable push frame is threadedly assembled on the screw, the push-pull assembly also includes a drive motor, the drive motor drives the screw to rotate through a transmission rod.

[0010] Furthermore, a third gear is fixedly installed on the screw, and a first toothed ring that meshes with the third gear is rotatably connected to the top of the push plate. The first toothed ring is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod. The drive motor drives the screw to rotate synchronously with the third gear, so as to realize the synchronous rotation of the first toothed ring and several other third gears that mesh with the first toothed ring.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a scraping mechanism, which includes a cleaning collar disposed in the through hole. The inner wall of the cleaning collar is provided with a scraper with an inclined structure. The cleaning collar rotates under the drive of the cleaning drive assembly, thereby scraping away the soil on the outside of the stake when it retracts.

[0012] Furthermore, the cleaning drive assembly includes a second rotating rod, one end of which extends into a sleeve on the movable pusher, and the other end is fixedly mounted with a fourth gear. The second rotating rod is threadedly connected to the sleeve, and the fourth gear is disposed in a receiving space opened in the base. A second toothed ring is fixedly mounted on the outside of the cleaning collar, and the second toothed ring meshes with the fourth gear.

[0013] Furthermore, the controller is located on the outside of the mounting rod, and the controller is used for data acquisition, storage, calculation, and control of the telescopic rod, the drive motor, and the laser measuring instrument.

[0014] A measurement method for an anchor bolt support spacing laser measuring device includes the following steps:

[0015] S1 Pre-measurement Level Calibration: After selecting the measurement point and fixing the laser measuring device, the controller collects the tilt angle of the laser measuring instrument. If there is a tilt angle deviation, the laser measuring instrument is adjusted to a horizontal state.

[0016] S2 Multi-Group Data Acquisition: After receiving the measurement command from the controller, the laser measuring instrument continuously acquires several groups of data (a, b, C), where a is the distance between the laser measuring device and the first anchor rod, b is the distance between the laser measuring device and the second anchor rod, and C is the angle between the lines connecting the laser measuring device to the first and second anchor rods respectively. During data acquisition, abnormal data is automatically removed, and if there is insufficient valid data, the instrument is automatically supplemented to the target number of groups.

[0017] S3 Inclination Compensation and Single Anchor Spacing Calculation: The controller performs inclination compensation calculations on the distance measurements a and b. The compensation formula is as follows:

[0018] ;

[0019] ;

[0020] in, The horizontal tilt angle of the laser measuring instrument. , This is the actual distance measurement value after compensation;

[0021] The spacing between a single set of anchor bolts is calculated as follows:

[0022] ;

[0023] S4 Mean Calculation and Output: Calculated from several sets of valid data. The arithmetic mean was calculated to obtain the final measurement result of the distance between the first and second anchor bolts.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention, through a stake-fixing mechanism, allows several stakes to be directly inserted into the soil, providing support for the base and preventing the base from directly contacting the ground. This allows the installation support rod to stand upright on the ground, facilitating workers to measure the distance between two anchor rods using a laser measuring instrument. After the measurement is completed, the stakes can be pulled out of the soil, making it easy to change the measurement point, thereby improving the convenience of laser measurement.

[0026] 2. The present invention, through the side support mechanism, enables the first and second rods to be inserted into the soil at an angle when the pile is inserted into the soil. The first and second rods can provide support for the side of the pile, thereby facilitating the fixing of the installation support on a softer ground.

[0027] 3. The present invention, through the scraping mechanism, enables the cleaning collar to drive the scraper to rotate along the outer wall of the stake when the stake is pulled out of the soil, which facilitates the removal of residual impurities on the outside of the stake, prevents soil from entering the shell, and facilitates the insertion of the stake into the next measurement point, thereby achieving the effect of cleaning and mud removal.

[0028] 4. By adding a horizontal calibration component, the laser measuring instrument can be automatically leveled, which solves the measurement error caused by the tilt of the device under complex terrain and effectively improves the distance measurement accuracy. The original cosine theorem measurement algorithm is optimized by tilt angle compensation, unit conversion and averaging of multiple measurements, which effectively eliminates random errors and improves the accuracy of anchor spacing calculation. By designing a continuous measurement mode, the linkage action of the pile fixing, side bracing and scraping mechanism is realized, which greatly shortens the point changing time of multi-point measurement and improves the overall efficiency of anchor spacing measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the mounting support and housing structure in this invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the cleaning collar and base in this invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the U-shaped frame and screw in this invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the U-shaped plate and push rod in this invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the positioning slider and the insertion stake in this invention;

[0035] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the first and second insert rods in this invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve and spiral structure in this invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Mounting support rod; 2. Laser measuring instrument; 3. Housing; 4. Base; 5. Insert stake; 6. Push plate; 7. First insert rod; 8. Second insert rod; 9. Cleaning collar; 10. Telescopic rod; 11. Controller; 12. Insert sleeve; 13. Flange; 14. Limiting ring; 15. Rubber gasket; 16. U-shaped plate; 17. First rotating rod; 18. First rack; 19. First gear; 20. Second rack; 21. Second gear; 22. Connecting rod; 23. Moving push frame; 24. Push rod; 25. U-shaped frame; 26. Screw; 27. Drive motor; 28. Transmission rod; 29. ​​First gear ring; 30. Third gear; 31. Second rotating rod; 32. Sleeve; 33. Spiral strip; 34. Second gear ring; 35. Fourth gear; 36. Scraper; 37. L-shaped retaining strip; 38. Positioning slide; 39. Positioning ring. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 8 The principles and features of the present invention are described, and the examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0039] A laser measuring device for anchor bolt spacing includes a mounting rod 1, a laser measuring instrument 2, a housing 3, a base 4, a pile fixing mechanism, pile insertion 5, a telescopic rod 10, and a controller 11. The laser measuring instrument 2 is hinged to the top of the mounting rod 1, and the housing 3 is fixedly mounted at the bottom. A telescopic rod 10 with its output end pointing downwards is sleeved inside the mounting rod 1, and the output end of the telescopic rod 10 can extend to the inside of the housing 3. The housing 3 surrounds the mounting rod 1, forming a dome shape, and its interior creates a receiving space. The base 4, which is a plate-like structure, is fixedly connected to its bottom.

[0040] The internal space of the housing 3 contains a stake fixing mechanism and several centrally symmetrically distributed stakes 5. The base 4 has through holes corresponding to the number and position of the stakes 5. Driven by the telescopic rod 10, the stake fixing mechanism pushes the stakes 5 through the through holes, realizing the extension and retraction of the stakes 5. When the stakes 5 are extended, they are inserted into the ground to fix the laser measuring device. When the stakes 5 are retracted, the laser measuring device can be easily moved.

[0041] The controller 11 is located on the outside of the mounting rod 1 and is used for the overall control of the device, including relevant data acquisition, storage and analysis calculation, and also controls the telescopic rod 10, the laser measuring instrument 2 and the sensors on the device.

[0042] Example 1: The number of stakes 5 is two or more, preferably three. Here, we will use three stakes 5 as Example 1 to illustrate the specific structure of the present invention.

[0043] The pile fixing mechanism includes a push plate 6, which is fixedly connected to the output end of the telescopic rod 10. Since three piles 5 are evenly distributed around the axis of the mounting support rod 1, the push plate 6 is configured as a three-branch structure, with each branch corresponding to the position of one pile 5. Three insert cylinders 12, corresponding to the positions of the piles 5, are provided on the lower surface of the push plate 6, and the piles 5 are fixedly inserted into the insert cylinders 12. Specifically, a flange 13 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the pile 5, and the bottom of the insert cylinder 12 is bolted to the flange 13, facilitating the installation of the pile 5 inside the insert cylinder 12 and enabling the push plate 6 to push the pile 5 to move stably.

[0044] A limiting ring 14 is installed on the outside of the stake 5, and a rubber washer 15 is installed around each through hole on the top of the base 4. The maximum extension position of the stake 5 is when the limiting ring 14 contacts the rubber washer 15. By setting the limiting ring 14 and the rubber washer 15, a buffer is provided for the movement of the stake 5, preventing the stake cylinder 12 from colliding with the base 4 due to soft soil. A pressure sensor can also be added at the contact point between the limiting ring 14 and the rubber washer 15 to detect the insertion pressure of the stake 5. The pressure data is associated with the measurement results and stored, which facilitates subsequent analysis of the measurement accuracy under different soil hardness and provides a reference for anchor placement.

[0045] Example 2: Based on Example 1, a side-support mechanism is provided. The main components of the side-support mechanism are located inside the pile 5. The side-support mechanism includes a rod and a side-support drive assembly. Side-support holes are provided on the side wall of the pile 5. The rod passes through the side-support holes under the drive of the side-support drive assembly, extending and retracting. After the pile 5 is inserted into the ground, the rod extends out from the pile 5, achieving lateral positioning of the pile 5 and facilitating its fixation in softer soil.

[0046] The insert includes a first insert 7 and a second insert 8 arranged in an alternating manner. In this embodiment, both the first insert 7 and the second insert 8 are inclined, that is, the first insert 7 and the second insert 8 extend downward from opposite sides of the insert 5 to form lateral support.

[0047] The side-support drive assembly includes a U-shaped plate 16 disposed between the first insert rod 7 and the second insert rod 8. The unit consisting of the first insert rod 7, the second insert rod 8, and the U-shaped plate 16 can be configured in one or more groups; in this embodiment, the unit is configured in three groups. First racks 18 are disposed on the opposing surfaces of the two side walls of the U-shaped plate 16, and second racks 20 are respectively disposed on the first insert rod 7 and the second insert rod 8. Therefore, each unit contains two first racks 18 and two second racks 20. A first rotating rod 17 rotatably connected to the inner wall of the insert 5 is disposed between adjacent first racks 18 and second racks 20, indicating that there are also two first rotating rods 17. Each first rotating rod 17 is provided with a first gear 19 meshing with the first rack 18 and a second gear 21 meshing with the second rack 20.

[0048] Three U-shaped plates 16 are arranged vertically at intervals, with their bottom walls fixed sequentially by connecting rods 22. The bottom wall of the uppermost U-shaped plate 16 is fixedly connected to one end of a push rod 24. The other end of the push rod 24 passes through the top wall of the stake 5 and the push plate 6 and is fixedly connected to a movable push frame 23. The movable push frame 23 moves up and down under the drive of the push-pull assembly, thereby driving the U-shaped plates 16 to move up and down through the push rod 24. Since there are three stakes 5, there are correspondingly three push rods 24 and three movable push frames 23. The ends of the three movable push frames 23 are all integrally formed on a ring, which is fitted onto the outside of the telescopic rod 10.

[0049] When each U-shaped plate 16 moves, the two first racks 18 move synchronously. The two first racks 18 drive the two first gears 19 to rotate in opposite directions. The two first gears 19 drive the two second gears 21 to rotate through the corresponding first rotating rods 17. This causes the two second gears 21 to drive the two second racks 20 to move within the insertion pile 5. The two second racks 20 can then drive the first insertion rod 7 and the second insertion rod 8 through the side support holes, achieving extension and retraction. In this embodiment, the ends of the first insertion rod 7 and the second insertion rod 8 away from the second racks 20 are arc-shaped structures. When retracted into the insertion pile 5, their ends can align with the outer side of the insertion pile 5, facilitating subsequent cleaning and preventing soil from entering the insertion pile 5.

[0050] The inner side of the stake 5 is provided with an inclined groove for the second rack 20 to slide in a limited manner. In this embodiment, in order to achieve stable rotation of the second rack 20, two symmetrically distributed positioning slide bars 38 are fixedly installed on the outer side of the second rack 20, and a positioning groove is provided in the inclined groove of the stake 5 for the positioning slide bars 38 to slide in a limited manner. When the second rack 20 moves, it can drive the positioning slide bars 38 to move along the inner side of the positioning groove, thereby improving the smoothness of the movement of the second rack 20.

[0051] The push-pull assembly is mounted on the push plate 6. Since there are three stakes 5, there are three corresponding sets of push-pull assemblies. The push-pull assembly includes a U-shaped frame 25 with its opening facing downwards. A screw 26 is rotatably mounted between the bottom wall of the U-shaped frame 25 and the push plate 6. A threaded through hole is provided on the movable push frame 23, through which the screw 26 is assembled. The push-pull assembly also includes a drive motor 27, which drives the screw 26 to rotate via a transmission rod 28. The drive motor 27 is electrically connected to and controlled by the controller 11. Specifically, the drive motor 27 can be mounted on the base 4, with its output end connected upwards to the transmission rod 28. The transmission rod 28 has a prismatic structure, and its top end is rotatably mounted on the inner top of the housing 3. The screw 26 has a hollow structure, and the transmission rod 28 is slidably mounted on the inner side of the screw 26. The drive motor 27 drives the transmission rod 28 to rotate, thereby driving the screw 26 to rotate synchronously, ultimately realizing the lifting and lowering movement of the movable push frame 23, which is threadedly engaged with the screw 26. The transmission rod 28 can be configured as a rhomboid rod. Only one of the three push-pull assemblies needs to be equipped with both the drive motor 27 and the transmission rod 28; the screws 26 in the other two push-pull assemblies can achieve synchronous rotation via gear transmission. Specifically:

[0052] A third gear 30 is also fixedly installed on the screw 26. A first gear ring 29 that meshes with the third gear 30 is rotatably connected to the top of the push plate 6. The first gear ring 29 is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod 10. The drive motor 27 drives the screw 26 and the third gear 30 to rotate synchronously, so as to realize the synchronous rotation of the first gear ring 29 and the other two third gears 30 that mesh with the first gear ring 29, thereby realizing the synchronous rotation of the three screws 26.

[0053] In this embodiment, in order to achieve stable rotation of the first toothed ring 29, a plurality of L-shaped retaining strips 37 distributed centrally symmetrically are fixedly installed on the top of the push plate 6. The inner sides of the two side walls of the L-shaped retaining strips 37 are in contact with the inner circular surface and the top surface of the first toothed ring 29, respectively. The L-shaped retaining strips 37 are used to position the first toothed ring 29 and ensure the smooth rotation of the first toothed ring 29.

[0054] Example 3: After the stake 5 is inserted into the ground, the outer wall surface may be covered with a large amount of dirt such as mud. Therefore, this example is provided with a scraping mechanism, and in order to cooperate with the three stakes 5, three sets of scraping mechanisms are also provided.

[0055] The scraping mechanism includes a cleaning collar 9 and a cleaning drive assembly that drives the cleaning collar 9 to rotate. The cleaning collar 9 is rotatably connected to a through hole on the base 4, and its inner wall is provided with an inclined scraper 36. Under the drive of the cleaning drive assembly, the cleaning collar 9 uses the scraper 36 to rotate and scrape away the soil on the outside of the stake 5 when it retracts.

[0056] The cleaning drive assembly includes a second rotating rod 31. A through sleeve 32 is provided on the movable pusher 23. One end of the second rotating rod 31 passes through the sleeve 32 and is rotatably connected to the top of the housing 3, while the other end extends into the base 4 and is rotatably connected to the base 4. The second rotating rod 31 and the sleeve 32 are threadedly rotatably connected. Specifically, two centrally symmetrically distributed spiral strips 33 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the sleeve 32, and a spiral groove is provided on the outer side of the second rotating rod 31 for the spiral strips 33 to slide in a limited manner. When the movable pusher 23 moves, it can drive the spiral strips 33 on the inner side of the sleeve 32 to move along the spiral groove of the second rotating rod 31, so that the spiral strips 33 drive the second rotating rod 31 to rotate. A fourth gear 35 is fixedly installed on the end of the second rotating rod 31 that extends into the base 4. The fourth gear 35 is set in the receiving space opened in the base 4. A second toothed ring 34 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the cleaning collar 9, and the second toothed ring 34 meshes with the fourth gear 35. When the second rotating rod 31 rotates, it drives the fourth gear 35 to rotate synchronously, which in turn drives the second gear ring 34 to drive the cleaning collar 9 to rotate. This allows the soil on the outside of the insert 5 to be cleaned by the scraper 36 when the insert 5 is retracted into the housing 3.

[0057] As can be seen from the above configuration, after the device is used, the push plate 6 rises, which simultaneously drives the stake 5 and the movable push frame 23 to rise and move. The rising of the movable push frame 23 drives the second rotating rod 31 to rotate, which in turn drives the cleaning collar 9 to rotate. Therefore, the process of pulling out the stake 5 and the rotation of the cleaning collar 9 are linked, that is, the rotation speed of the scraper 36 is synchronized with the upward movement speed of the stake 5. The faster the upward movement speed of the stake 5, the higher the rotation speed of the cleaning collar 9, ensuring that the mud and impurities on the outside of the stake 5 are fully scraped off, avoiding the shift of the device's center of gravity caused by moving with mud, and facilitating the rapid fixing of the next point.

[0058] In this embodiment, two sets of symmetrically distributed positioning rings 39 are fixedly installed at both ends of the outer side of the cleaning collar 9. The positioning rings 39 are rotatably installed on the inner side of the base 4. By setting the positioning rings 39, the cleaning collar 9 is supported, preventing the cleaning collar 9 from shifting position. In addition, the inner diameter of the top of the cleaning collar 9 is adapted to the outer diameter of the insert 5, ensuring that when the insert 5 is retracted into the housing 3, its outer side can block the opening at the top of the cleaning collar 9, preventing external dust and particulate impurities from entering.

[0059] The working process of the laser measuring device of the present invention is as follows:

[0060] The staff first held the installation support rod 1 and placed the base 4 on the preset point of the anchor rod measurement and held the installation support rod 1. Then, the telescopic rod 10 was started through the controller 11. The telescopic rod 10 pushed the push plate 6 to move downward. The push plate 6 pushed the three stakes 5 to be inserted into the soil simultaneously through the insertion cylinder 12, thus completing the initial fixation of the device.

[0061] Next, the operator starts the drive motor 27 via the controller 11. The drive motor 27 drives the transmission rod 28 to rotate, which in turn drives the corresponding screw 26 to rotate. The screw 26 drives the first gear ring 29 to rotate via the outer third gear 30, and the first gear ring 29 drives the remaining third gears 30 to rotate synchronously, achieving synchronous rotation of the three screws 26. The three screws 26 drive the movable push frame 23 to move upward, and the movable push frame 23 pulls the three push rods 24 to move synchronously. The push rods 24 pull the uppermost U-shaped plate 16 on the inner side of the insertion pile 5 to move upward. The U-shaped plate 16 is connected by a connecting rod. 22 drives the remaining U-shaped plates 16 to move synchronously; at this time, the U-shaped plates 16 drive the two symmetrically distributed first racks 18 to move, the first racks 18 drive the first gear 19 to rotate in the opposite direction, the first gear 19 drives the second gear 21 to rotate through the first rotating rod 17, the second gear 21 drives the second rack 20 to move at an angle along the inclined groove of the stake 5, thereby driving the first rod 7 and the second rod 8 to move out from the inside of the stake 5 and insert into the soil in a symmetrical inclined state, providing lateral auxiliary positioning for the stake 5, ensuring that the stake 5 is vertically fixed, and ensuring the stability of the device even in softer soil.

[0062] After the measurement is completed, the controller 11 initiates a linkage action with one key: the drive motor 27 rotates in the reverse direction, causing the movable push frame 23 to move downward, so that the first insertion rod 7 and the second insertion rod 8 are retracted to the inside of the insertion pile 5; then the telescopic rod 10 pulls the push plate 6 upward, pulling the insertion pile 5 out of the soil. During the extraction process, the movable push frame 23 drives the sleeve 32 to move along the outside of the second rotating rod 31. The spiral strip 33 on the inside of the sleeve 32 slides along the spiral groove of the second rotating rod 31, causing the second rotating rod 31 to rotate. The second rotating rod 31 drives the second gear ring 34 to rotate through the fourth gear 35, which in turn drives the cleaning collar 9 to rotate. The scraper 36 on the inside of the cleaning collar 9 rotates and cleans the soil and impurities on the outside of the insertion pile 5. The rotation speed of the cleaning collar 9 is synchronized with the upward movement speed of the insertion pile 5 to ensure the cleaning effect. During the extension of the insertion pile 5, the limit ring 14 contacts the rubber washer 15 to provide a buffer for the movement of the insertion pile 5 and prevent the parts from colliding. After removing the pile and cleaning, the staff moved the device to the next measurement point and repeated the operation.

[0063] Example 4: This example provides a measurement method based on a laser measuring device, which is suitable for multi-point continuous anchor spacing measurement under complex terrains such as slopes and foundation pits. At the same time, a measurement calibration structure is added to solve the measurement error problem caused by slight shaking of the laser measuring instrument and terrain tilt angle. Based on the original device, this example adds a horizontal calibration component to the top of the mounting support rod 1, optimizes the cosine theorem calculation logic of laser measurement, and adds an algorithm design for tilt angle compensation and averaging of multiple measurements to achieve high-precision and continuous anchor spacing measurement.

[0064] A level calibration assembly is installed at the top of the mounting rod 1 and the bottom of the laser measuring instrument 2. The level calibration assembly includes a ring level and an electric fine-tuning push rod.

[0065] The ring level is embedded in the mounting platform at the top of the mounting rod 1 and fits against the bottom of the laser measuring instrument 2. It is used to visually display the verticality of the mounting rod 1. The operator can observe the position of the bubble in the level and make fine adjustments to the insertion depth of the stake 5 to ensure that the laser measuring instrument 2 is in a horizontal measuring state.

[0066] Three electrically adjustable push rods are centrally symmetrically distributed between the top of the mounting support 1 and the mounting base of the laser measuring instrument 2. The bottom end of each push rod is fixedly connected to the mounting support 1, while the top end is movably hinged to the mounting base of the laser measuring instrument 2. The push rods are electrically connected to the controller 11 via cables. The controller 11 has a built-in tilt sensor that can detect the horizontal tilt angle of the laser measuring instrument 2 in real time. The tilt sensor communicates with the measurement module of the laser measuring instrument 2, allowing it to collect tilt angle data from the laser measuring instrument 2 in real time and transmit the data to the calculation module of the controller 11 for tilt angle compensation calculation.

[0067] The working logic of the horizontal calibration component is as follows: After the stake 5 is fixed, the tilt sensor automatically detects the tilt angle of the laser measuring instrument 2. If the tilt angle exceeds 0.5°, the controller 11 automatically starts the corresponding electric fine-tuning push rod to extend and retract until the bubble of the ring level is centered and the tilt sensor detects a tilt angle of 0°, thus completing the horizontal calibration before measurement. After calibration, the laser measuring instrument 2 automatically enters the measurement state.

[0068] The original measurement method uses laser measuring instrument 2 to measure the distance 'a' from the laser measuring device to the first anchor rod, the distance 'b' from the laser measuring device to the second anchor rod, and the angle 'C' between the laser measuring device and the lines connecting the first and second anchor rods, respectively. The distance 'c' between the two anchor rods is then calculated using the law of cosines. This embodiment optimizes this method from three dimensions: hardware calibration, algorithm compensation, and multiple measurements. The specific steps are as follows:

[0069] S1 Pre-measurement Horizontal Calibration: After selecting the measurement point and fixing the device using stake 5 and side support mechanism, controller 11 automatically starts the horizontal calibration program. The tilt sensor collects the tilt data of laser measuring instrument 2. If there is a tilt deviation, the electric fine-tuning push rod automatically extends and retracts to adjust the laser measuring instrument 2 to a horizontal state. After calibration, controller 11 displays "Calibration complete, measurement is possible", avoiding laser ranging optical path offset error caused by device tilt.

[0070] S2 Multiple Data Acquisition: After receiving the measurement command from the controller 11, the laser measuring instrument 2 continuously acquires 3 sets (a, b, C) of data. During the acquisition process, the rotation angle positioning accuracy of the laser measuring instrument 2 is improved to 0.1°. The data acquisition interval for each set is 0.5s. Obviously abnormal data, i.e. data that obviously exceeds the set threshold (such as data in sets where the distance value changes by more than 5cm), is automatically removed. If there are not enough valid data sets, the measurement is automatically supplemented to three sets.

[0071] S3 Inclination Compensation and Single Anchor Spacing Calculation: If, due to terrain limitations, a slight inclination of ≤0.5° still exists after horizontal calibration (which can be accurately acquired by the inclination sensor), the calculation module of controller 11 performs inclination compensation calculation on the distance values ​​a and b. The compensation formula is as follows:

[0072] ;

[0073] ;

[0074] in, The horizontal tilt angle of laser measuring instrument 2 , This is the actual distance measurement value after compensation.

[0075] After compensation , Substituting the included angle C into the optimized cosine theorem formula, the spacing value of a single set of anchor bolts is calculated using the following formula:

[0076] ;

[0077] In this process, angle C needs to be converted to radians to avoid unit errors in angle calculations by controller 11.

[0078] S4 Mean Calculation and Output: Calculated from three sets of valid data. , , The arithmetic mean was calculated and used as the final measurement result for the distance between the two anchor bolts. The calculation formula is:

[0079] .

[0080] After the calculation is completed, the controller 11 displays the single set of data, the compensated data, and the final average value on the screen. The controller 11 can also save information such as measurement points, spacing results, and measurement time through its storage module, which is convenient for staff to organize the data later and realize the systematic recording of multi-point measurement data.

[0081] It should be noted that this embodiment is designed for multi-point continuous measurement scenarios, and the action logic of the device's stake-fixing mechanism and scraping mechanism is optimized for linkage, specifically as follows:

[0082] The controller 11 is equipped with a continuous measurement mode. After the staff selects this mode, completes the measurement of a point and confirms the result, the controller 11 can start the linkage action of side support mechanism retraction → scraping mechanism cleaning → pile pulling mechanism with one key, without the need for step-by-step operation, thus improving the efficiency of point changing.

[0083] By adding a horizontal calibration component, the laser measuring instrument 2 can automatically adjust its level, solving the measurement error caused by the tilt of the device under complex terrain and effectively improving the distance measurement accuracy. The original cosine theorem measurement algorithm is optimized by tilt angle compensation, unit conversion and averaging of multiple measurements, effectively eliminating random errors and improving the accuracy of anchor spacing calculation. By designing a continuous measurement mode, the linkage action of the pile fixing, side support and scraping mechanism is realized, which greatly shortens the point changing time of multi-point measurement and improves the overall efficiency of anchor spacing measurement.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser measuring device for measuring the distance between support bolts, comprising a mounting pole (1), a laser measuring instrument (2) mounted on the top of the mounting pole (1), and a controller (11), characterized in that, The mounting support rod (1) is fitted with a telescopic rod (10) with the output end pointing downwards. The bottom of the mounting support rod (1) is provided with a housing (3). The bottom of the housing (3) is connected to a base (4). The base (4) is provided with a through hole. The internal space of the housing (3) is provided with a fixed pile mechanism and a number of insert piles (5) distributed in a centrally symmetrical manner. The fixed pile mechanism includes a push plate (6). The push plate (6) pushes the insert piles (5) through the through hole under the drive of the telescopic rod (10) to achieve extension and retraction. It also includes a side support mechanism for lateral support of the stake (5). The side support mechanism includes a rod and a side support drive assembly. A side support hole is provided on the side wall of the stake (5). The rod passes through the side support hole under the drive of the side support drive assembly to extend and retract.

2. The laser distance measuring device for bolting intervals according to claim 1, characterized in that The lower surface of the push plate (6) is provided with a plurality of inserts (12) corresponding to the position of the insert (5), and the insert (5) is fixedly inserted into the insert (12); a limiting ring (14) is installed on the outside of the insert (5), and a rubber gasket (15) is installed around the through hole on the top of the base (4). When the limiting ring (14) contacts the rubber gasket (15), it is the maximum extension position of the insert (5).

3. The laser distance measuring device for bolting intervals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insertion rods include a first insertion rod (7) and a second insertion rod (8) arranged in an alternating manner. The side support drive assembly includes a U-shaped plate (16) disposed between the first insertion rod (7) and the second insertion rod (8). A first rack (18) is disposed on the opposite side walls of the U-shaped plate (16). A second rack (20) is disposed on the first insertion rod (7) and the second insertion rod (8). A first rotating rod (17) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the insertion post (5) between the first rack (18) and the second rack (20). The first rotating rod (17) is provided with a first gear (19) that meshes with the first rack (18) and a second gear (21) that meshes with the second rack (20). The bottom wall of the U-shaped plate (16) is fixedly connected to one end of the push rod (24). The other end of the push rod (24) passes through the top wall of the stake (5) and the push plate (6) and is fixedly connected to the movable push frame (23). The movable push frame (23) drives the U-shaped plate (16) to move up and down through the push rod (24) under the drive of the push-pull assembly.

4. The laser distance measuring device for bolting intervals according to claim 3, characterized in that The push-pull assembly is disposed on the push plate (6). The push-pull assembly includes a U-shaped frame (25) with the opening facing downward. A screw (26) is rotatably installed between the bottom wall of the U-shaped frame (25) and the push plate (6). The movable push frame (23) is threadedly assembled on the screw (26). The push-pull assembly also includes a drive motor (27). The drive motor (27) drives the screw (26) to rotate through a transmission rod (28).

5. The laser distance measuring device for bolting intervals according to claim 4, characterized in that A third gear (30) is also fixedly installed on the screw (26). A first gear ring (29) that meshes with the third gear (30) is rotatably connected to the top of the push plate (6). The first gear ring (29) is sleeved on the outside of the telescopic rod (10). The drive motor (27) drives the screw (26) and the third gear (30) to rotate synchronously, so as to realize the synchronous rotation of the first gear ring (29) and several other third gears (30) that mesh with the first gear ring (29).

6. The laser measuring device for anchor bolt support spacing according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a scraping mechanism, which includes a cleaning collar (9) disposed in the through hole. The inner wall of the cleaning collar (9) is provided with a scraper (36) with an inclined structure. The cleaning collar (9) rotates under the drive of the cleaning drive assembly, thereby scraping away the soil on the outside of the stake (5) when it retracts.

7. The laser measuring device for anchor bolt support spacing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cleaning drive assembly includes a second rotating rod (31), one end of which extends into the sleeve (32) on the movable push frame (23), and the other end is fixedly mounted with a fourth gear (35). The second rotating rod (31) is threadedly connected to the sleeve (32). The fourth gear (35) is disposed in the receiving space opened in the base (4). A second toothed ring (34) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the cleaning collar (9), and the second toothed ring (34) meshes with the fourth gear (35).

8. The laser measuring device for anchor bolt support spacing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The controller (11) is located on the outside of the mounting rod (1). The controller (11) is used for data acquisition, storage, calculation and control of the telescopic rod (10), the drive motor (27) and the laser measuring instrument (2).

9. A measurement method based on the laser measuring device for anchor bolt support spacing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Horizontal calibration before measurement: Select the measurement point, fix the laser measuring device, and the controller (11) collects the tilt angle of the laser measuring instrument (2). If there is a tilt angle deviation, adjust the laser measuring instrument (2) to a horizontal state. S2 Multiple Data Acquisition: After receiving the measurement command from the controller (11), the laser measuring instrument (2) continuously acquires several sets of data a, b, and C, where a is the distance between the laser measuring device and the first anchor rod, b is the distance between the laser measuring device and the second anchor rod, and C is the angle between the laser measuring device and the first and second anchor rods respectively; during data acquisition, abnormal data is automatically removed, and if there is insufficient valid data, it is automatically supplemented to the target number of sets; S3 Inclination Compensation and Single Anchor Spacing Calculation: The controller (11) performs inclination compensation calculation on the distance values ​​a and b. The compensation formula is as follows: ； ； in, The horizontal tilt angle of the laser measuring instrument (2) , This is the actual distance measurement value after compensation; The spacing between a single set of anchor bolts is calculated as follows: ； S4 Mean Calculation and Output: Calculated from several sets of valid data. The arithmetic mean was calculated to obtain the final measurement result of the distance between the first and second anchor bolts.

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