Deep peak shaving method of thermal power generating unit coupled with hydrogen production by electrolysis, ammonia synthesis and energy storage

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of peak-shaving technology for thermal power units, specifically a deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units that combines electrolytic hydrogen production with ammonia synthesis and energy storage. It integrates an electrolytic hydrogen production with ammonia synthesis and energy storage system, an energy comprehensive utilization system, and a collaborative control system to form a closed-loop peak-shaving system: during off-peak periods, excess electricity from the thermal power unit is collected; during peak periods, the stored ammonia is used to supplement the unit's energy through coal-ammonia co-firing, while oxygen is utilized for oxygen-enriched combustion to enhance peak-shaving and stable combustion capabilities. The synthesized ammonia can also replace purchased ammonia for flue gas denitrification. Through the collaborative control system, the operation of each link is coordinated, achieving efficient energy conversion and precise control. This invention significantly improves the deep peak-shaving and peak-response capabilities of thermal power units, substantially reduces carbon and pollutant emissions, optimizes energy utilization efficiency, extends equipment lifespan, and provides strong support for the green transformation of coal-fired power and the stable operation of new power systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of peak shaving technology for thermal power units, specifically a deep peak shaving method for thermal power units that combines electrolytic hydrogen production with ammonia synthesis and energy storage. Background Technology

[0002] The new power system focuses on ensuring energy security and maximizing the absorption of renewable energy. Coal-fired power, as an economically feasible, safe, and reliable flexible resource, faces key challenges in its clean and efficient utilization and low-carbon transformation. To reduce carbon emissions from thermal power, the technology of co-firing hydrogen and ammonia in thermal power plants has been widely explored due to its ability to reduce carbon emissions at the source (reducing coal consumption by 1 ton for every ton of ammonia burned). Related demonstration projects have verified its feasibility in thermal power units of different capacities.

[0003] However, existing technologies have many limitations: traditional thermal power peak-shaving upgrades cannot fundamentally eliminate the lifespan reduction and safety risks caused by frequent load changes; proton exchange membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production faces problems of insufficient durability and high cost, which restricts the efficiency of hydrogen production and energy storage systems; in the process of coal-ammonia co-combustion, the coupled combustion mechanism of pulverized coal and ammonia is unclear and lacks parameterization research, affecting combustion stability and pollutant control; the impact of oxygen-enriched combustion technology on unit stable combustion and carbon emissions under deep peak-shaving conditions is not yet fully studied; at the same time, the coupling degree between energy storage technology and thermal power systems is insufficient, making it difficult to efficiently absorb excess electricity during off-peak periods, and the unit output response is lagging during peak periods, and the lack of overall coordination and control among various technical links results in low energy conversion efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, the comprehensive utilization pathways for ammonia are limited, failing to fully realize its dual value as a fuel substitute and for flue gas denitrification. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a synergistic technology solution that integrates electrolytic hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, energy storage, oxygen-enriched combustion, and coal-ammonia co-combustion to address issues such as insufficient peak-shaving capacity, high carbon emissions, and poor system synergy, thereby promoting the green transformation of coal-fired power and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the new power system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve technical problems such as insufficient peak-shaving capacity, high carbon emissions, poor system coordination, limited efficiency of proton exchange membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production, unclear coal-ammonia co-combustion mechanism, and insufficient application of oxygen-enriched combustion under deep peak-shaving conditions, this paper proposes a deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units that couples hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis with energy storage. By integrating multiple technical paths, this method achieves efficient energy conversion and coordinated regulation, improves the flexibility and low-carbon level of thermal power units, promotes the consumption of renewable energy, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the new power system.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: This invention proposes a deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units that couples electrolysis hydrogen production to ammonia synthesis with energy storage, including the following steps: S1: During periods of low load in the power system, excess power from thermal power units is collected, and the electrical energy is converted into hydrogen through electrolysis hydrogen production technology. The hydrogen is then combined with nitrogen to synthesize ammonia, realizing the conversion and storage of electrical energy into chemical energy. At the same time, oxygen produced during the electrolysis hydrogen production process is collected. S2: During peak load periods of the power system, stored ammonia is used to provide auxiliary energy to thermal power units through co-firing, thereby increasing the unit output to meet high load demands. At the same time, stored oxygen is used for oxygen-enriched combustion in thermal power units to enhance the deep peak-shaving capability of the units and achieve deep peak-shaving and low-carbon operation of thermal power units.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S1, the hydrogen production technology using proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water is adopted, and the ammonia synthesis from hydrogen and nitrogen adopts the Haber ammonia production process, in which hydrogen reacts with nitrogen in the air to produce ammonia, and the synthesized ammonia is stored in liquid form.

[0008] Furthermore, the oxygen-enriched combustion in step S2 involves installing an oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion device at the primary air nozzle of the boiler. Under the unified scheduling of the collaborative control system, the oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion device links the air separation unit and the flue gas circulation system to adjust the oxygen output and the mixing ratio with the circulating flue gas. Combined with the unit load and the furnace combustion status, the oxygen concentration in the supply air is dynamically adjusted in real time to improve the flame temperature and emissivity, promote complete fuel combustion, reduce the tail gas emission and exhaust heat loss, and at the same time achieve stable combustion of the thermal power unit under low load and reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0009] Furthermore, the ammonia co-firing method in step S2 is one or more combinations of pulverized coal-mixed ammonia, combustion air-mixed ammonia, or direct in-furnace ammonia injection. Based on numerical simulation results and real-time feedback of combustion status, the appropriate co-firing method is selected in combination with the boiler type, coal characteristics, and combustion requirements of the thermal power unit.

[0010] Furthermore, in the process of hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water, a flow channel structure optimized through simulation screening is adopted. The flow channel structure includes cathode and anode bipolar plates, multi-channel flow channels, diffusion layer, catalyst layer and proton exchange membrane, and the multi-channel flow channels are adapted to the mutual mass and heat transfer effects. A PEM stack system model is established by conserving charge, mass, energy and components, and operating parameters such as water flow rate, temperature, voltage and water inlet direction are adjusted to optimize the current density, energy efficiency and efficiency of the electrolyzer.

[0011] Furthermore, the ammonia synthesized in step S1 is transported to the flue gas denitrification device of the thermal power unit through a pipeline, replacing the purchased ammonia. The ammonia supply is dynamically matched with the real-time load of the denitrification device through the linkage between the collaborative control system and the real-time operation signal of the denitrification device.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the electrolytic hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and energy storage technologies of step S1, an electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled energy storage system is constructed. A collaborative control system is established between the electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled energy storage system and the thermal power unit. This collaborative control system is the core control unit of the entire peak-shaving process; it is used to sense real-time changes in power system load and the operating status of the thermal power unit. Based on preset load response thresholds and unit operating parameter ranges, it optimizes the catalyst type and ammonia synthesis reaction conditions to improve ammonia synthesis efficiency and storage stability. Simultaneously, it matches the energy management strategy for ammonia storage and release, and links the ammonia co-firing system, oxygen-enriched combustion device, and denitrification device of the thermal power unit to achieve precise and coordinated control of the ammonia release rate and co-firing amount, oxygen concentration in the supply air, and the supply of ammonia for denitrification during peak load periods.

[0013] Furthermore, under the scheduling of the coordinated control system, the oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion device precisely controls the oxygen concentration in the supplied air by adjusting the oxygen output of the air separation unit and the mixing ratio with the circulating flue gas, ensuring that the primary air pulverized coal flow is stably ignited and burned in the furnace, avoiding low-load flameout, enabling the thermal power unit to stably achieve ultra-low load deep peak shaving, and adopting a pure oxygen-enriched cold ignition method to reduce boiler ignition oil consumption.

[0014] Furthermore, based on the coal type, boiler heat load, and air classification, and using numerical simulation results of the combustion process and real-time combustion status feedback, the combustion control system linked with the aforementioned collaborative control system dynamically adjusts the ammonia injection rate and nozzle position to control the concentration of unburned ammonia, N2O, and unburned carbon in the flue gas.

[0015] Furthermore, the waste heat generated during the proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is recovered by a waste heat recovery device and conducted to the electrolyzed water inlet or boiler feedwater system through a waste heat recovery circuit, thereby achieving efficient utilization of heat for preheating the electrolyzed water inlet or boiler feedwater and improving the energy efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The present invention discloses a deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units using electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with energy storage. Through the coordinated operation of the electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled energy storage system and the thermal power unit, excess electricity is efficiently absorbed and converted into chemical energy for storage during off-peak hours. During peak hours, the unit output is rapidly increased through ammonia co-firing. Combined with oxygen-enriched combustion technology, the low-load stable combustion capability is enhanced, significantly improving the deep peak-shaving and peak-response capability of the thermal power unit and ensuring the operational stability of the power system.

[0017] 2. The deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units that combines electrolytic hydrogen production with ammonia synthesis and energy storage, as described in this invention, uses ammonia as a carbon-free fuel to replace part of the fossil fuel by blending it with coal. Combined with oxygen-enriched combustion technology, it reduces the generation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides. At the same time, it uses synthetic ammonia to replace purchased ammonia for flue gas denitrification, forming an environmental protection system of source carbon reduction and synergistic control of pollutants, which is in line with the national dual-carbon strategy goal.

[0018] 3. The deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units combining electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis with energy storage, as described in this invention, optimizes the flow channel structure and operating parameters of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for hydrogen production, recovers waste heat from electrolysis to preheat feed water, and combines this with oxygen-enriched combustion technology to reduce flue gas heat loss, achieving multi-stage energy cascade utilization. Simultaneously, the lower ammonia combustion temperature extends equipment lifespan and reduces maintenance costs and energy waste. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process technology route for a deep peak shaving method for thermal power units using electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with energy storage, according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the oxygen-enriched combustion system in the deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units that combines electrolytic hydrogen production with ammonia synthesis and energy storage, as described in this invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the theoretical flue gas emissions per unit calorific value of different fuels in a deep peak shaving method for thermal power units using electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with energy storage, as described in this invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application scenario of ammonia chemical energy storage technology in a new power system within a deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units that combines electrolytic hydrogen production with ammonia synthesis and energy storage, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the core technical solution of this invention is to integrate an electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with an energy storage system, an energy comprehensive utilization system, and a collaborative control system. The technical details and collaborative logic are as follows: I. Electrolysis-based hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with energy storage system: The electrolysis-to-hydrogen and ammonia synthesis coupled energy storage system is the core of realizing the conversion and storage of electrical energy to chemical energy. Addressing the issues of insufficient durability and high cost of existing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for hydrogen production, the system efficiency is improved through structural optimization and parameter control, specifically including: Hydrogen production unit: Employing proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology, an electrolyzer structure is constructed comprising a cathode and anode bipolar plates, multi-channel flow paths, a diffusion layer, a catalyst layer, and a proton exchange membrane. The multi-channel flow paths were optimized through simulation to accommodate the mutual influence of mass and heat transfer between channels, minimizing energy loss. A three-dimensional electrolyzer model and a stack system model are established based on charge conservation, mass conservation, energy conservation, and component conservation. The models encompass multi-physics coupling processes, including electrochemical reactions, fluid flow, solid-liquid heat transfer, and porous media heat transfer. The optimal operating range is determined by simulating the electrolyzer performance under different operating parameters. In actual operation, parameters such as influent flow rate, temperature, voltage, and inlet direction are adjusted to optimize the electrolyzer's current density, energy efficiency, and efficiency, while simultaneously reducing system volatility and improving hydrogen production stability and durability.

[0023] The ammonia synthesis unit employs the mature, low-cost, and highly safe Haber ammonia production process. Using hydrogen produced from the hydrogen production unit and nitrogen separated from the air as raw materials, the unit optimizes catalyst type and reaction conditions to promote the efficient synthesis of liquid ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen. During the synthesis process, the reaction environment is adjusted in real time by a control system to ensure efficient and stable reaction. The synthesized liquid ammonia is stored in a cryogenic storage tank, achieving long-term stable storage of chemical energy. Simultaneously, the oxygen produced by the hydrogen production unit is collected and stored in a dedicated container to provide raw materials for subsequent oxygen-enriched combustion.

[0024] II. Comprehensive Energy Utilization System: The aforementioned comprehensive energy utilization system achieves efficient release and diversified utilization of stored chemical energy, solving the problems of unclear coal-ammonia co-combustion mechanism, insufficient application of oxygen-enriched combustion under deep peak-shaving conditions, and limited ammonia utilization pathways. Specifically, it includes: Multiple uses of ammonia: Blending: Based on the boiler type, coal characteristics (such as volatile matter content), and combustion requirements of the thermal power unit, one or more combinations of methods are selected, such as pulverized coal-ammonia blending, combustion air-ammonia blending, or direct in-furnace ammonia injection, to blend stored liquid ammonia with pulverized coal. A numerical simulation model of the coal-ammonia co-combustion reaction kinetics is constructed, including the gas-phase reaction mechanism, the oxidation reaction of soot, and the reduction reaction of nitrogen oxides. The combustion characteristics under different blending ratios, nozzle positions, and injection rates are clarified to ensure stable coupled combustion of ammonia and pulverized coal, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and coal consumption per kilowatt-hour without altering existing combustion equipment.

[0025] Denitrification Utilization: Synthetic ammonia is directly transported to the flue gas denitrification unit of the thermal power plant through a dedicated pipeline, replacing the need for purchased ammonia. The pipeline system is linked to the denitrification unit's real-time operation signals, dynamically adjusting the ammonia supply based on the unit's real-time load to ensure a precise match between ammonia supply and denitrification demand, thereby improving denitrification efficiency while reducing the cost of purchased ammonia.

[0026] Oxygen-enriched combustion utilization: Oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion devices are installed in all primary air nozzles of the boiler. These devices are linked to the air separation unit and the flue gas recirculation system to form a closed-loop combustion support system. By adjusting the oxygen output of the air separation unit and the mixing ratio of oxygen with the circulating flue gas, combined with real-time feedback on unit load and furnace combustion status, such as flame temperature and flue gas composition, the oxygen concentration in the supplied air is dynamically controlled. During oxygen-enriched combustion, the high concentration of oxygen increases flame temperature and emissivity, increases radiative heat transfer, and simultaneously increases the combustion oxidation area and combustion depth, promoting complete fuel combustion and reducing tail gas emissions and exhaust heat loss. Combined with the structural design of the oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion device, it enables stable combustion at low loads and NOx emission reduction in thermal power units, while also supporting pure oxygen-enriched cold ignition, reducing boiler ignition fuel consumption.

[0027] Waste heat recovery and utilization: A waste heat recovery device is set up in the process of hydrogen production by proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water. The waste heat generated in the electrolysis process is transferred to the water inlet or boiler feedwater system through the waste heat recovery circuit to preheat the water inlet, improve energy utilization efficiency, and further optimize the energy efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0028] III. Collaborative Control System: The coordinated control system, as the central hub of the entire peak-shaving system, solves the problems of independent operation and poor coordination among various technical links, and achieves overall system-wide control. Specifically, it includes: Sensing module: Real-time collection of power system load change data, thermal power unit operating status parameters such as furnace temperature, flue gas composition, unit output, boiler heat load, electrolysis hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis system operating parameters such as electrolyzer current density, ammonia synthesis reaction temperature, ammonia storage, and denitrification unit operating load, providing comprehensive basis for control and decision-making.

[0029] Decision-making module: Based on preset load response thresholds and unit operating parameter ranges, combined with numerical simulation results and real-time feedback data, it formulates multi-dimensional control strategies. These include: catalyst type and reaction condition optimization strategies for ammonia synthesis, energy management strategies for ammonia storage and release, oxygen concentration control strategies for oxy-fuel combustion, parameter adjustment strategies for coal-ammonia co-firing, and supply matching strategies for ammonia used in denitrification.

[0030] The execution module, which coordinates the electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with the energy storage system, ammonia co-firing system, oxygen-enriched combustion unit, and denitrification unit, translates the strategies formulated by the decision-making module into specific operations. During peak load periods, it precisely controls the ammonia release rate and co-firing amount to ensure rapid unit output increases; it simultaneously regulates the oxygen concentration in oxygen-enriched combustion to guarantee combustion efficiency and low NOx emissions; and it dynamically matches the ammonia supply for denitrification to improve denitrification effectiveness. Through coordinated control across the entire process, it achieves efficient linkage between various systems, ensuring stable system operation under deep peak-shaving conditions.

[0031] The work process is as follows: Off-peak energy storage phase: When the power system is at a low load, thermal power units generate excess power, triggering the energy storage mode of the coordinated control system. This excess power is supplied to the proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production unit, which starts according to preset optimal operating parameters, decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is collected and stored for later use. The hydrogen is supplied to the ammonia synthesis unit, where it reacts with nitrogen separated from the air under optimized reaction conditions to synthesize liquid ammonia using the Haber ammonia production process, which is then stored. Throughout this process, the coordinated control system monitors the operating status of the electrolyzer and the ammonia synthesis unit in real time, adjusting influent parameters and the reaction environment to ensure efficient and stable hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis. Simultaneously, a waste heat recovery device recovers waste heat from the electrolysis process to preheat the influent water, improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0032] Peak Load Energy Release and Utilization Phase: When the power system is at its peak load, the coordinated control system senses load changes and triggers the energy release mode. On one hand, stored liquid ammonia is transported in two routes through dedicated pipelines: one route, according to a preset blending strategy, is mixed with pulverized coal in an appropriate manner and then sent to the furnace for combustion, supplementing the energy of the thermal power unit and rapidly increasing the unit's output; the other route is sent to the flue gas denitrification unit, where the supply is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time load of the denitrification unit to complete flue gas denitrification. On the other hand, stored oxygen is transported to the oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion unit, where, under the scheduling of the coordinated control system, it is mixed with circulating flue gas in a proportional manner and then sent to the furnace, dynamically optimizing the oxygen concentration in the air supply to promote complete fuel combustion and ensure stable combustion of the unit under low load. At the same time, the coordinated control system, in conjunction with the combustion control system, adjusts the ammonia injection rate and nozzle position according to the coal type, boiler heat load, and air classification, combined with real-time combustion status feedback, to control the concentration of unburned ammonia, N2O, and unburned carbon in the flue gas, ensuring combustion stability and environmental protection.

[0033] The present invention has the following technical effects: Significantly enhanced peak-shaving capacity: Through the energy buffer function of the ammonia energy storage system, excess power is efficiently absorbed during off-peak hours and energy is rapidly released during peak hours. Combined with oxygen-enriched combustion technology, it achieves deep peak shaving at ultra-low loads, solving the problems of unstable operation of traditional thermal power units at low loads and delayed peak output response, and significantly improving the unit's peak-shaving flexibility and grid adaptability.

[0034] Significant achievements have been made in low-carbon emission reduction: ammonia, as a carbon-free fuel, replaces part of the coal combustion, achieving carbon reduction at the source of fossil energy and significantly reducing carbon dioxide emissions; the synergistic effect of oxygen-enriched combustion technology and ammonia denitrification application reduces the generation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, lowers environmental governance costs, and fully aligns with the country's dual-carbon strategy goals.

[0035] Energy utilization efficiency optimization: The proton exchange membrane electrolysis water production technology improves energy efficiency and efficiency through structural optimization and parameter control; the waste heat recovery system realizes secondary energy utilization, and the oxygen-enriched combustion technology reduces flue gas heat loss, forming a multi-stage high-efficiency energy-saving system and reducing energy waste.

[0036] Improved system safety and economy: The collaborative control system enables overall control of the entire process, avoiding logical gaps caused by the independent operation of various technical links; the lower ammonia combustion temperature reduces wear and tear on boilers and other equipment, extends equipment lifespan, and lowers maintenance costs; the diversified utilization of ammonia expands revenue sources, and large-scale application can reduce initial investment costs and enhance the market competitiveness of thermal power units.

[0037] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for deep peak shaving of a thermal power generating unit coupled with hydrogen production by electrolysis, ammonia synthesis, and energy storage, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: During periods of low load in the power system, excess power from thermal power units is collected, and the electrical energy is converted into hydrogen through electrolysis hydrogen production technology. The hydrogen is then combined with nitrogen to synthesize ammonia, while the oxygen produced during the electrolysis hydrogen production process is collected. S2: During peak load periods of the power system, stored ammonia is used to provide auxiliary energy to thermal power units through co-firing, while stored oxygen is used for oxygen-enriched combustion in thermal power units.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In step S1, the hydrogen production technology uses proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, and the ammonia synthesis from hydrogen and nitrogen uses the Haber process, which reacts hydrogen with nitrogen in the air to produce ammonia, which is then stored in liquid form.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The oxygen-enriched combustion in step S2 is achieved by installing an oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion device at the primary air nozzle of the boiler. Under the unified scheduling of the collaborative control system, the oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion device links the air separation unit and the flue gas circulation system to adjust the oxygen output and the mixing ratio with the circulating flue gas. Combined with the unit load and the furnace combustion status, the oxygen concentration in the supply air is dynamically adjusted in real time to improve the flame temperature and emissivity and promote complete fuel combustion.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The ammonia co-firing method mentioned in step S2 is one or more combinations of pulverized coal-mixed ammonia, combustion air-mixed ammonia, or direct in-furnace ammonia injection. The appropriate co-firing method is selected based on numerical simulation results and real-time feedback of combustion status, combined with the boiler type, coal characteristics, and combustion requirements of the thermal power unit.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein, In the process of hydrogen production by water electrolysis using a proton exchange membrane, a flow channel structure optimized through simulation screening is adopted. The flow channel structure includes a cathode and anode bipolar plates, a multi-channel flow channel, a diffusion layer, a catalyst layer, and a proton exchange membrane. The multi-channel flow channel is adapted to the mutual mass and heat transfer effects. A PEM stack system model was established by conserving charge, mass, energy, and components. Operating parameters such as inlet flow rate, temperature, voltage, and inlet direction were adjusted to optimize the current density, energy efficiency, and efficiency of the electrolyzer.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: The ammonia synthesized in step S1 is transported to the flue gas denitrification device of the thermal power unit through a pipeline, replacing the purchased ammonia, and is linked with the real-time operation signal of the denitrification device through the aforementioned collaborative control system.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the electrolytic hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis and energy storage technology in step S1, an electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled energy storage system is constructed. The electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled energy storage system is equipped with a collaborative control system between the electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled energy storage system and the thermal power unit. The collaborative control system is the core control unit of the entire peak shaving process. This system is used to monitor real-time load changes in the power system and the operating status of thermal power units. Based on preset load response thresholds and unit operating parameter ranges, it optimizes the catalyst type and reaction conditions for ammonia synthesis to improve ammonia synthesis efficiency and storage stability. At the same time, it matches energy management strategies for ammonia storage and release, and links the ammonia co-firing system, oxygen-enriched combustion device, and denitrification device of the thermal power unit to achieve precise and coordinated control of ammonia release rate and co-firing amount, oxygen concentration in the air supply, and ammonia supply for denitrification during peak load periods.

8. The method for deep peak shaving of thermal power units using electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that, Under the coordination of the control system, the oxygen-enriched low-NOx combustion device precisely controls the oxygen concentration in the air supply by adjusting the oxygen output of the air separation unit and the mixing ratio with the circulating flue gas. This ensures that the primary air pulverized coal flow is stably ignited and burned in the furnace, avoids low-load flameout, enables the thermal power unit to stably achieve deep peak shaving at ultra-low load, and reduces boiler ignition oil consumption by adopting a pure oxygen-enriched cold ignition method.

9. A deep peak-shaving method for thermal power units using electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with energy storage, as described in claim 4, is characterized in that... Based on the coal type, boiler heat load, and air classification, and using numerical simulation results of the combustion process and real-time combustion status feedback, the combustion control system, which is linked to the aforementioned collaborative control system, dynamically adjusts the ammonia injection rate and nozzle position to control the concentration of unburned ammonia, N2O, and unburned carbon in the flue gas.

10. A method for deep peak shaving of thermal power units using electrolytic hydrogen production and ammonia synthesis coupled with energy storage, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The waste heat generated during the proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen is recovered by a waste heat recovery device and transferred to the electrolyzed water inlet or boiler feedwater system through a waste heat recovery circuit, thereby achieving efficient utilization of heat for preheating the electrolyzed water inlet or boiler feedwater.

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