Super-dig analysis method and system based on real scene image model and design contour

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and system for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis based on a real-scene image model and a design contour, relating to the field of over-excavation and under-excavation analysis technology. The specific steps are as follows: S100, the three-dimensional real-scene image model is converted into point cloud data to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and the point cloud data is converted to a three-dimensional engineering coordinate system consistent with the three-dimensional design contour; S200, in the three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, the point cloud data is refitted to obtain a three-dimensional mesh model, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface. This invention extracts point cloud data from a three-dimensional real-scene image model and fits it to obtain a three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface model, which is then compared with the three-dimensional design contour model surface for excavation and filling analysis. It is applicable to various excavation construction scenarios in engineering (slope, foundation, cavern, tunnel, etc.).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of over-excavation and under-excavation analysis technology, specifically to an over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method and system based on real-scene image models and design contours. Background Technology

[0002] Over-excavation and under-excavation are common problems in engineering construction. In the engineering field, it's a professional term used to describe the deviation between the actual excavation profile and the design baseline. According to design requirements, if the actual excavated cross-section exceeds the baseline, it's called over-excavation; if it falls below the baseline, it's called under-excavation. This phenomenon directly affects project cost and quality. For example, over-excavation increases the amount of concrete filling, while under-excavation may weaken structural stability. Over-excavation and under-excavation have significant impacts on construction costs, construction progress, stress stability, and construction safety.

[0003] Traditional over- and under-excavation analysis typically employs total station methods or cross-sectional methods, utilizing typical cross-sections or cross-sectional area differences to represent the over- and under-excavation situation within a region. This approach only acquires over- and under-excavation characteristics of the cross-section and a certain area near it, allowing only qualitative analysis and failing to provide accurate quantitative analysis. Consequently, both analytical efficiency and accuracy are compromised. Existing patent CN118135142B discloses a method for analyzing tunnel surrounding rock over- and under-excavation based on three-dimensional laser scanning point clouds. This method constructs a tunnel design contour point cloud as a coordinate system for over- and under-excavation analysis. It calculates the local normal vectors from the local geometric features of the tunnel design contour point cloud and adjusts their directions to point towards the tunnel's free face. Based on the tunnel design contour point cloud and its local normal vectors, and the actual excavation contour point cloud, it establishes a method for calculating the normal difference between the two, thus achieving the identification of tunnel surrounding rock over- and under-excavation states. However, this existing technology still has the following problems: 1) It is only applicable to tunnel engineering and cannot be used simultaneously for common underground (tunnel / cavity) and surface (slope / foundation) excavation projects; 2) Low efficiency: Existing technologies require the calculation of a large number of point cloud normal vectors, and the number of point clouds per unit area is directly proportional to the accuracy. The higher the accuracy, the larger the amount of point cloud normal vector data that needs to be calculated, resulting in long calculation time and low efficiency. 3) Long processing time: The latest technology uses the point cloud calculus column method to calculate the over- and under-excavation volume. The higher the accuracy, the more point clouds there are, the greater the amount of calculation, and the longer it takes. Moreover, this method is relatively cumbersome and prone to calculation errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis based on real-scene image models and design contours, thereby solving the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solution: The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image models and design outlines includes the following steps: S100 converts the on-site 3D real-scene image model into point cloud to obtain 3D point cloud data, and transforms the 3D point cloud data into a 3D engineering coordinate system consistent with the 3D design outline; S200, in the three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, the three-dimensional point cloud data is reconstructed and fitted to obtain a three-dimensional mesh model, and the obtained three-dimensional mesh model is the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface; S300, under the same three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, defines the three-dimensional calculation range of over-excavation and under-excavation analysis, and obtains the three-dimensional design contour model surface within the corresponding three-dimensional calculation range; S400 uses the 3D design contour model surface to cut the 3D calculation range and obtain different types of closed bodies. The different types of closed bodies are closed bodies above the 3D design contour model surface, closed bodies below the 3D design contour model surface, closed bodies outside the 3D design contour model surface, and closed bodies inside the 3D design contour model surface. S500 uses the intersection of the actual 3D excavation profile surface and the 3D design profile model surface to find closed bodies above or within the 3D design profile model surface, and the resulting closed bodies are automatically identified as under-excavated bodies; it uses the intersection of the actual 3D excavation profile surface and the 3D design profile model surface to find closed bodies below or outside the 3D design profile model surface, and the resulting closed bodies are automatically identified as over-excavated bodies. S600 calculates the volume of under-excavated and over-excavated bodies respectively, and obtains and records the volume and spatial distribution information of each type of enclosed body.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional real-scene image model is a three-dimensional image result generated using imaging technology, wherein the imaging technology is close-range photogrammetry and laser scanning.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional point cloud data is the result of point cloudification of a three-dimensional real scene image model. The three-dimensional point cloud data retains the same three-dimensional coordinate information as the real scene image model, and the point cloudification interval parameter is determined according to the accuracy of the three-dimensional real scene image model during the point cloudification process.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S100, the three-dimensional point cloud data conversion is to uniformly convert the three-dimensional point cloud data coordinates, which were originally in a latitude and longitude coordinate system or a local coordinate system, into a three-dimensional engineering coordinate system required for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the actual three-dimensional excavation contour surface is a three-dimensional mesh model obtained by refitting three-dimensional point cloud data, and the mesh accuracy of the mesh model is consistent with the accuracy of the three-dimensional point cloud data.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional calculation range of the over-excavation and under-excavation analysis is the three-dimensional spatial range determined by the current over-excavation and under-excavation analysis, which includes at least the currently excavated range and can be represented by a three-dimensional closed body of any shape.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional design contour model surface is a preliminary design model, the basic model surface for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis runs through the three-dimensional calculation range, and the closed body within the three-dimensional calculation range is cut to obtain a three-dimensional calculation range divided into two parts. When the three-dimensional design contour model surface is a slope, a closed body above and below the three-dimensional design contour model surface is obtained. When the three-dimensional design contour model surface is a tunnel, a closed body inside and outside the three-dimensional design contour model surface is obtained.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intersection of the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface and the three-dimensional design contour model surface is obtained by finding the closed body above or within the three-dimensional design contour model surface. During the intersection process, only the closed body below or outside the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface is taken, and this closed body is the under-excavated body obtained by analysis. The intersection of the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface and the closed body below the three-dimensional design contour model surface is obtained by finding the closed body below the three-dimensional design contour model surface. During the intersection process, only the closed body above or inside the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface is taken, and this closed body is the over-excavated body obtained by analysis.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume and spatial location information of the under-excavated body and the over-excavated body are calculated and recorded. For each under-excavated body and the over-excavated body, the corresponding attribute information is recorded in the model attribute information, and its volume and spatial coordinate information are calculated and recorded.

[0014] An over-excavation and under-excavation analysis system based on real-scene image models and design contours is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention extracts point cloud fitting based on three-dimensional real scene image model to obtain three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface model, compares it with three-dimensional design contour model surface to perform excavation and filling analysis, which can be applied to various excavation construction scenarios in engineering (slope, foundation, cavern, tunnel and other engineering excavation). (2) The present invention uses the closed intersection technology between three-dimensional surface models to obtain closed envelope surfaces (i.e., over-excavated and under-excavated bodies) in batches, and automatically records the over-excavation and under-excavation types and spatial distribution of the closed envelope surfaces. By using the closed envelope surface to calculate the volume, the volume of each over-excavated and under-excavated body can be obtained in batches. The analysis process is full three-dimensional, simple, does not require a lot of calculation, is not prone to errors, has high accuracy, and strong adaptability. It can significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of over-excavation and under-excavation analysis in engineering construction, provide accurate information for filling and correcting over-excavation and under-excavation problems in construction, and improve the quality control capability and repair efficiency of excavation projects. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the technical roadmap provided for embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional design contour model surface and analysis range of the slope provided for the implementation of this invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the slope analysis range envelope surface generation provided for the implementation of this invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the over- and under-excavation envelope generated by the intersection of the actual slope profile and the designed slope profile for the implementation of this invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional design outline model surface and analysis range of the cavern provided for the implementation of this invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the envelope surface generated for the cavity analysis range provided for the implementation of this invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the over-excavation and under-excavation envelope generated by the intersection of the actual contour surface of the cavern and the designed contour surface, provided for the implementation of this invention. In the diagram: 1. Design outline; 2. Actual outline; 3. Analysis range; 4. Over-excavation; 5. Under-excavation. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] The concepts involved in this application will first be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following descriptions of various concepts are only for the purpose of making the content of this application easier to understand and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; furthermore, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other unless otherwise specified. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides an over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on a real-scene image model and a design contour. The specific steps are as follows: S100 converts the on-site 3D real-scene image model into point cloud to obtain 3D point cloud data, and transforms the 3D point cloud data into a 3D engineering coordinate system consistent with the 3D design outline; The three-dimensional real-scene image model is a three-dimensional image result generated using imaging technology, which includes close-range photogrammetry and laser scanning.

[0022] The 3D point cloud data is the result of the point cloudification of the 3D real scene image model. The 3D point cloud data retains the same 3D coordinate information as the real scene image model, and the point cloudification interval parameter is determined according to the accuracy of the 3D real scene image model during the point cloudification process.

[0023] In step S100, the three-dimensional point cloud data conversion is to uniformly convert the three-dimensional point cloud data coordinates, which were originally in a latitude and longitude coordinate system or a local coordinate system, into the three-dimensional engineering coordinate system required for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis.

[0024] In practice, appropriate imaging technologies are selected based on the type of excavation project to generate a 3D real-scene image model of the site. For example, for surface slope / foundation projects, close-range photogrammetry technology is used to capture images of the site from multiple perspectives, and then the images are stitched together and reconstructed in 3D to generate a real-scene model. For underground cavern / tunnel projects, high-precision laser scanning technology is used to scan the entire interior of the cavern with a laser scanner, collect spatial point coordinate information, and generate a real-scene model. The models generated by both imaging technologies must retain the true 3D geometric features of the excavation site, and the model accuracy must not be lower than the accuracy requirements for engineering construction quality control.

[0025] When converting the acquired 3D real-scene image model into a point cloud, the continuous surface of the 3D real-scene image model is discretized into 3D point cloud data. During the point cloud conversion process, the point cloud conversion interval parameter is determined based on the original accuracy of the 3D real-scene image model. If the accuracy of the 3D real-scene image model is 5cm, the point cloud conversion interval is set to 5cm to ensure that the 3D point cloud data completely retains the 3D coordinate information and geometric features of the 3D real-scene image model. The 3D point cloud data format adopts a common point cloud format (such as PLY, LAS) to facilitate subsequent data processing.

[0026] After obtaining the 3D point cloud data, it is necessary to identify the original coordinate system of the 3D point cloud data. If it is a latitude and longitude coordinate system or an engineering local coordinate system, it should be uniformly converted into a 3D engineering coordinate system through a coordinate transformation algorithm (such as the seven-parameter method, the four-parameter method, etc.). During the transformation process, the coordinate data of the 3D point cloud data should be corrected for errors to ensure that the spatial position of the 3D point cloud data after transformation is accurately matched with the spatial position of the 3D real scene image model. The coordinate transformation error should be controlled within the allowable deviation range of the engineering (such as ≤2cm).

[0027] S200, in the three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, the three-dimensional point cloud data is reconstructed and fitted to obtain a three-dimensional mesh model, and the obtained three-dimensional mesh model is the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface; The actual three-dimensional excavation profile is a three-dimensional mesh model obtained by reconstructing and fitting three-dimensional point cloud data. The mesh accuracy of the mesh model is consistent with the accuracy of the three-dimensional point cloud data.

[0028] Before reconstructing and fitting the 3D point cloud data, the converted 3D point cloud data needs to be preprocessed. The preprocessing mainly involves denoising, simplification, and hole filling of the converted 3D point cloud data to remove noise points and redundant points caused by imaging technology errors, and to reasonably fill the point cloud holes caused by scanning / shooting blind spots, so as to ensure the integrity and effectiveness of the 3D point cloud data. The preprocessed 3D point cloud data has no obvious noise interference and the point cloud is evenly distributed.

[0029] After the preprocessing of the converted 3D point cloud data is completed, the Delaunay triangulation algorithm is used to reconstruct the 3D mesh of the preprocessed 3D point cloud data, fitting the discrete 3D point cloud data into a continuous 3D mesh model. The 3D mesh model is the actual 3D excavation contour surface. During the fitting process, the mesh accuracy of the mesh model is ensured to be completely consistent with the accuracy of the point cloud data. For example, when the point cloud interval is 5cm, the side length of the mesh cell of the 3D mesh model is also 5cm, ensuring that the actual 3D excavation contour surface accurately restores the real contour of the excavation on site.

[0030] The fitted 3D actual excavation contour surface is compared and verified with the 3D real scene image model. The geometric features and spatial position of the 3D actual excavation contour surface are checked to see if they are consistent with the 3D real scene image model. If there is a deviation, the point cloud preprocessing parameters and fitting algorithm are readjusted until the 3D mesh model meets the requirements.

[0031] S300, under the same three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, defines the three-dimensional calculation range of over-excavation and under-excavation analysis, and obtains the three-dimensional design contour model surface within the corresponding three-dimensional calculation range; The three-dimensional calculation range of over-excavation and under-excavation analysis is the three-dimensional spatial range determined by the current over-excavation and under-excavation analysis, which includes at least the currently excavated range and can be represented by a three-dimensional closed body of any shape.

[0032] Based on the construction schedule and the requirements for over- and under-excavation analysis, a three-dimensional calculation range is defined in a unified three-dimensional engineering coordinate system. This three-dimensional calculation range is a three-dimensional closed body of any shape (such as a cube, cylinder, and irregular polyhedron), which at least includes the currently completed excavation area and can be appropriately extended to the area to be excavated according to the construction plan. The boundary coordinates of the three-dimensional calculation range are determined through engineering design drawings and on-site measurement data to ensure that the calculation range covers the entire area to be analyzed. Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0033] Retrieve the preliminary design model of the project, and extract the three-dimensional design contour model surface (the basic comparison model surface for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis) within the defined three-dimensional calculation range. The three-dimensional design contour model surface must be a continuous three-dimensional curved surface / plane, and must completely penetrate the entire three-dimensional calculation range to ensure that the calculation range can be completely cut in the future. During the extraction process, all design parameters and geometric features of the design contour model surface are retained.

[0034] Check the spatial matching between the extracted 3D design contour model surface and the 3D calculation range to ensure that the spatial position and geometry of the 3D design contour model surface within the 3D calculation range are consistent with the engineering design requirements, without any offset or deformation issues.

[0035] The coordinate system of the 3D design contour model surface is consistent with the 3D engineering coordinate system during the conversion of 3D point cloud data.

[0036] S400 uses the 3D design contour model surface to cut the 3D calculation range and obtain different types of closed bodies. The different types of closed bodies are closed bodies above the 3D design contour model surface, closed bodies below the 3D design contour model surface, closed bodies outside the 3D design contour model surface, and closed bodies inside the 3D design contour model surface. The three-dimensional design profile model surface is the preliminary design model. The basic model surface for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis runs through the three-dimensional calculation range. The closed body within the three-dimensional calculation range is cut to obtain a three-dimensional calculation range divided into two parts. When the three-dimensional design profile model surface is a slope, the closed body above and below the three-dimensional design profile model surface is obtained. When the three-dimensional design profile model surface is a tunnel, the closed body inside and outside the three-dimensional design profile model surface is obtained.

[0037] In the 3D engineering coordinate system, using the extracted 3D design contour model surface as the cutting plane, a 3D Boolean cutting operation is performed on the defined 3D calculation range. During the cutting process, it is ensured that the cutting plane completely intersects with the 3D calculation range, thus completely dividing the 3D calculation range into two independent, non-overlapping 3D closed bodies, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown.

[0038] Enclosure Type Classification: Based on the type of excavation project, the cut enclosures are classified into different types. The classification rules strictly adapt to the engineering scenario, with no overlap or omissions, as detailed below: 1) When the analysis object is a slope / foundation project, after cutting, a closed body above the three-dimensional design outline model surface and a closed body below the three-dimensional design outline model surface are obtained; 2) When the analysis object is an underground cavern / tunnel project, after cutting, the closed body inside the three-dimensional design contour model surface and the closed body outside the three-dimensional design contour model surface are obtained.

[0039] The spatial geometric features of each closed body generated by the cutting are recorded, including the vertex coordinates, surface patch information and spatial boundary range of the closed body, in order to prepare for the subsequent intersection calculation with the actual three-dimensional excavation contour surface.

[0040] S500 uses the intersection of the actual 3D excavation profile surface and the 3D design profile model surface to find closed bodies above or within the 3D design profile model surface, and the resulting closed bodies are automatically identified as under-excavated bodies; it uses the intersection of the actual 3D excavation profile surface and the 3D design profile model surface to find closed bodies below or outside the 3D design profile model surface, and the resulting closed bodies are automatically identified as over-excavated bodies. The intersection of the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface and the three-dimensional design contour model surface is determined. Only the closed bodies below or outside the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface are considered during the intersection process. These closed bodies are the under-excavated bodies obtained from the analysis. The intersection of the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface and the closed bodies below the three-dimensional design contour model surface is determined. Only the closed bodies above or inside the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface are considered during the intersection process. These closed bodies are the over-excavated bodies obtained from the analysis.

[0041] Under a unified three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface generated in step S200 is subjected to three-dimensional Boolean intersection operation with the two types of closed bodies generated in step S400. During the intersection operation, only the new three-dimensional closed body formed by the intersection of the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface and the closed body is retained, and the non-intersecting area is eliminated.

[0042] Automatic identification of under-excavated bodies: The actual 3D excavation contour surface is intersected with the closed bodies (slopes / foundations) above the design contour model surface or the closed bodies (cavities / tunnels) within the 3D design contour model surface. Only the closed bodies located below (slopes / foundations) or outside (cavities / tunnels) of the actual 3D excavation contour surface after the intersection are extracted. These closed bodies are the under-excavated bodies (e.g., Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the judgment criteria are: the actual excavation outline of the area does not meet the design outline requirements, and there is insufficient excavation.

[0043] Automatic over-excavation identification: The actual 3D excavation profile is intersected with the closed body (slope / foundation) below the 3D design profile model or the closed body (cavity / tunnel) outside the 3D design profile model. Only the closed body located above (slope / foundation) or inside (cavity / tunnel) of the actual 3D excavation profile after the intersection is extracted. This closed body is the over-excavation body (e.g., Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the judgment criteria are: the actual excavation outline of the area exceeds the design outline requirements, indicating that there is excessive excavation.

[0044] Preliminary marking of over- and under-excavated bodies: The identified under-excavated and over-excavated bodies are marked with the "under-excavated" and "over-excavated" attributes respectively. At the same time, the spatial boundaries of each over- and under-excavated body are recorded to ensure that each over- and under-excavated body is an independent three-dimensional closed body without mixing or overlapping.

[0045] S600 calculates the volume of under-excavated and over-excavated bodies respectively, and obtains and records the volume and spatial distribution information of each type of enclosed body.

[0046] Calculate and record the volume and spatial location information of under-excavated and over-excavated bodies. For each under-excavated and over-excavated body, record the corresponding attribute information in the model attribute information, and calculate and record its volume and spatial coordinate information.

[0047] A three-dimensional closed volume calculation algorithm (such as tetrahedral partitioning) is used to calculate the volume of the identified and marked under-excavated and over-excavated bodies. During the calculation process, the volume of all mesh units is accumulated based on the mesh unit information in the three-dimensional mesh model of the under-excavated and over-excavated bodies to obtain the overall volume. The calculation accuracy is consistent with the accuracy of the three-dimensional point cloud data, ensuring that the volume calculation results are accurate and meet the requirements of engineering construction measurement.

[0048] In the 3D model attribute information of over-excavated and under-excavated bodies, a unique information file is created for each individual over-excavated and under-excavated body. The file contains the following core information: 1) Basic attributes: Over-digging / Under-digging type / Under-digging unique identification number; 2) Measurement information: The actual volume of the over-excavated and under-excavated body (retaining two decimal places); 3) Spatial location information: center coordinates, vertex coordinates, and spatial boundary range of the over-excavated and under-excavated body (coordinate values ​​in the three-dimensional engineering coordinate system); 4) Project-related information: the excavation zone, construction sequence, and analysis time.

[0049] The completed over- and under-excavation body model and information archive are imported into a cloud browser visualization platform. The model is then lightweighted to ensure that the spatial distribution of over- and under-excavation bodies can be viewed directly in the cloud browser, and all corresponding attribute information can be queried by clicking on the model. This eliminates the need for professional 3D modeling or analysis software, enabling engineering technicians and construction managers to quickly and conveniently query over- and under-excavation information.

[0050] In this embodiment, Figures 2 to 7 The numbers 1-5 in the diagram represent the design profile, actual profile, analysis range, over-excavation, and under-excavation, respectively.

[0051] The present invention also provides an over-excavation and under-excavation analysis system based on a real-scene image model and a design profile, for performing the method described in any of the above-mentioned methods.

[0052] The embodiments and / or implementation methods described above are merely preferred embodiments and / or implementation methods for implementing the technology of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the technology of the present invention in any way. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in the content of the present invention, but they should still be regarded as the technology or embodiments that are substantially the same as the present invention.

[0053] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that due to the limitations of written expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of this application, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing over-excavation and under-excavation based on real-scene image models and design contours, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: S100 converts the on-site 3D real-scene image model into point cloud to obtain 3D point cloud data, and transforms the 3D point cloud data into a 3D engineering coordinate system consistent with the 3D design outline; S200, in the three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, the three-dimensional point cloud data is reconstructed and fitted to obtain a three-dimensional mesh model, and the obtained three-dimensional mesh model is the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface; S300, under the same three-dimensional engineering coordinate system, defines the three-dimensional calculation range of over-excavation and under-excavation analysis, and obtains the three-dimensional design contour model surface within the corresponding three-dimensional calculation range; S400 uses the 3D design contour model surface to cut the 3D calculation range and obtain different types of closed bodies. The different types of closed bodies are closed bodies above the 3D design contour model surface, closed bodies below the 3D design contour model surface, closed bodies outside the 3D design contour model surface, and closed bodies inside the 3D design contour model surface. S500 uses the intersection of the actual 3D excavation profile surface and the 3D design profile model surface to find closed bodies above or within the 3D design profile model surface, and the resulting closed bodies are automatically identified as under-excavated bodies; it uses the intersection of the actual 3D excavation profile surface and the 3D design profile model surface to find closed bodies below or outside the 3D design profile model surface, and the resulting closed bodies are automatically identified as over-excavated bodies. S600 calculates the volume of under-excavated and over-excavated bodies respectively, and obtains and records the volume and spatial distribution information of each type of enclosed body.

2. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional real-scene image model is a three-dimensional image result generated using imaging technology, namely close-range photogrammetry and laser scanning.

3. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional point cloud data is the result of point cloudification of the three-dimensional real scene image model. The three-dimensional point cloud data retains the same three-dimensional coordinate information as the real scene image model, and the point cloudification interval parameter is determined according to the accuracy of the three-dimensional real scene image model during the point cloudification process.

4. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S100, the three-dimensional point cloud data conversion is to uniformly convert the three-dimensional point cloud data coordinates, which were originally in a latitude and longitude coordinate system or a local coordinate system, into the three-dimensional engineering coordinate system required for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis.

5. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The actual three-dimensional excavation profile is a three-dimensional mesh model obtained by refitting the three-dimensional point cloud data, and the mesh accuracy of the mesh model is consistent with the accuracy of the three-dimensional point cloud data.

6. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional calculation range of the over-excavation and under-excavation analysis is the three-dimensional spatial range determined by the current over-excavation and under-excavation analysis, which includes at least the currently excavated range and can be represented by a three-dimensional closed body of any shape.

7. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The three-dimensional design contour model surface is the preliminary design model. The basic model surface for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis runs through the three-dimensional calculation range and cuts the closed body within the three-dimensional calculation range to obtain a three-dimensional calculation range divided into two parts. When the three-dimensional design contour model surface is a slope, the closed body above and below the three-dimensional design contour model surface is obtained. When the three-dimensional design contour model surface is a tunnel, the closed body inside and outside the three-dimensional design contour model surface is obtained.

8. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The intersection of the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface and the three-dimensional design contour model surface is determined by finding the closed body above or within the three-dimensional design contour model surface. During the intersection process, only the closed body below or outside the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface is taken, and this closed body is the under-excavated body obtained from the analysis. The intersection of the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface and the closed body below the three-dimensional design contour model surface is determined by finding the closed body below the three-dimensional design contour model surface. During the intersection process, only the closed body above or inside the three-dimensional actual excavation contour surface is taken, and this closed body is the over-excavated body obtained from the analysis.

9. The over-excavation and under-excavation analysis method based on real-scene image model and design contour as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Calculate and record the volume and spatial location information of under-excavated and over-excavated bodies. For each under-excavated and over-excavated body, record the corresponding attribute information in the model attribute information, and calculate and record its volume and spatial coordinate information.

10. A system for over-excavation and under-excavation analysis based on real-scene image models and design contours, characterized in that, Used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-9.

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