Use of vomitoxin-degrading enzyme in chicken feed

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of livestock nutrition and feed science, and particularly relates to application of vomitoxin degrading enzyme in chicken feed, and provides chicken feed containing vomitoxin degrading enzyme and a method for improving production performance of broilers. The application evaluates the comprehensive influence of different doses of single DON degrading enzyme in national standard limited DON feed on yellow-feathered broilers in the whole growth cycle, and determines the suitable addition amount, thereby providing a basis for application of DON degrading enzyme in yellow-feathered broiler feed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry nutrition and feed science, specifically relating to the application of vomitoxin-degrading enzymes in chicken feed, providing a chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzymes and a method for improving broiler production performance. Background Technology

[0002] Deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, is one of the most common mycotoxins contaminating grains and compound feeds. Long-term intake of DON-contaminated feed by livestock and poultry can lead to decreased feed intake, stunted growth, damage to the intestinal barrier, immune dysfunction, and liver and kidney damage, severely hindering the healthy development of animal husbandry. Physical and chemical detoxification methods have limitations such as nutrient loss, secondary pollution, and high costs, while enzymatic degradation, due to its high specificity, green efficiency, and lack of damage to feed nutrients, has become a popular research direction for DON control.

[0003] Existing research uses compound mycotoxin enzyme preparations or high-dose single degrading enzymes to conduct short-term, high-toxin concentration studies on some indicators in broilers. Due to the use of compound detoxifying agents, simplified dosage gradient design, high costs of molecular and microbiological detection, and low activity of early enzyme preparations, their applicability is limited, they are out of touch with actual production, the effect of single DON degrading enzymes is unclear, application standards are lacking, the mechanism of action is insufficiently studied, and the industrialization cost is high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address one of the aforementioned problems, this invention systematically evaluates the comprehensive effects of different doses of a single DON-degrading enzyme in national standard-limited DON diets on the entire growth cycle of yellow-feathered broilers, clarifies the appropriate addition amount, and elucidates the mechanism of action, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the scientific application of DON-degrading enzymes in yellow-feathered broiler feed production.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: This invention provides a chicken diet containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme, wherein the chicken diet contains 5-20 mg / kg of vomitoxin-degrading enzyme. By adding DON degrading enzyme, the intestinal immune function and microbial composition of broilers can be regulated, liver and kidney detoxification and antioxidant capacity can be improved, thereby enhancing their growth performance, slaughter performance, and meat quality.

[0006] Preferably, the chicken feed contains, by weight percentage, 59-67% corn, 22-32% soybean meal, 1.5-5% corn gluten meal, 2-4% soybean oil, 0.5-1% limestone, 1.5-2.5% dicalcium phosphate, 0.01-0.2% L-lysine hydrochloride, 0-0.2% DL-methionine, 0-0.1% L-threonine, 0.1-0.5% salt, and 0.5-2% premix.

[0007] Preferably, the premix contains vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, biotin, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide, and sodium selenite.

[0008] Preferably, the chicken feed contains per kilogram the following vitamins: vitamin A 6000-8000 IU, vitamin B1 1-2 mg, vitamin B2 4-8 mg, niacin 20-35 mg, vitamin B6 0.6-3.5 mg, vitamin B12 0.008-0.01 mg, vitamin D3 500-1000 IU, vitamin E 10-25 IU, vitamin K 0.5-1.7 mg, biotin 0.02-0.18 mg, calcium pantothenate 8-10 mg, folic acid 0.3-0.6 mg, choline chloride 750-1300 mg, iron 80-100 mg, copper 7-8 mg, manganese 55-120 mg, zinc 75-100 mg, iodine 0.5-0.7 mg, and selenium 0.15-0.3 mg.

[0009] Preferably, the chicken feed contains 10-20 mg / kg of vomitoxin-degrading enzyme.

[0010] Preferably, the chicken feed is at least one of the following: chicken feed for 1-21 day old chickens, chicken feed for 22-42 day old chickens, chicken feed for 43-60 day old chickens, and chicken feed for 1-60 day old chickens.

[0011] Preferably, when the chicken diet is for 1-21 day old chickens, the amount of vomitoxin degrading enzyme added is 15-20 mg / kg, which can significantly alleviate the negative impact of DON on the growth performance of 21-day-old broilers.

[0012] Preferably, the chicken feed is a feed for yellow-feathered broiler chickens.

[0013] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for improving the production performance of broilers, the method comprising feeding chickens the aforementioned chicken diet; wherein the production performance includes: increasing average daily weight gain, increasing body weight, increasing the percentage of chickens with longer legs, reducing abdominal fat percentage, reducing damage to the liver and kidneys, increasing immune organ indices, or improving the ratio of intestinal villus height to crypt depth, etc. Preferably, the broilers are yellow-feathered broilers.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention systematically studies the effects of different doses of DON-degrading enzyme on broiler growth performance, liver and kidney function, and intestinal health, comprehensively evaluates its protective effect on broilers, and provides a chicken diet containing DON-degrading enzyme that can be used for broiler feeding. It also provides a method for improving broiler production performance, especially the production performance of yellow-feathered broilers. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 The effects of dietary supplementation with DON-degrading enzymes on the jejunal barrier and nutrient metabolism gene expression in yellow-feathered broilers, where Claudin-1: tight junction protein-1; ZO-1: closed small cyclic protein-1; mTOR: target of rapamycin; PePT1: small peptide transporter 1; Figure 2 The effects of dietary supplementation with DON-degrading enzymes on the expression of immune and inflammation-related genes in the jejunum of yellow-feathered broilers, including TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-1β (interleukin-1β), and TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4). Figure 3 The effect of dietary supplementation with DON degradative enzymes on the expression of apoptosis-related genes in jejunal cells of yellow-feathered broilers; among them, cGAS: cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase; TMEM173: transmembrane protein 173; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma-2 protein. Detailed Implementation

[0016] 1. Experimental Methods The experimental chicks were purchased from Guangzhou Tianyu Ecological Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. Eighty hundred healthy, well-developed, one-day-old fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers (half male and half female) were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into five treatment groups based on uniform body weight (see Table 2.1). Specifically, 0 (positive control group), 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg / kg of degradation enzymes were added to the basal diet prepared using moldy corn and corn steep liquor fermented protein, respectively. Each treatment group had eight replicates, with 20 birds per replicate (half male and half female). The experiment was conducted in three stages: 1-21 days, 22-42 days, and 43-60 days of age, for a total experimental period of 60 days. The mycotoxin content in the diets of each treatment group at different feeding stages is detailed in Table 2.

[0017] Table 1 Experimental Treatment Design

[0018] Table 2. Mycotoxin content in diets of different treatment groups at different feeding stages

[0019] 2. Experimental diets The experiment lasted 60 days and was divided into three stages: 1–21 days old, 22–42 days old, and 43–60 days old. The specific experimental diet formula is shown in Table 3.

[0020] Table 3. Composition of basal diet (air-dried basal) %

[0021] 1) During the 1-21 day period, the following vitamins should be provided per kilogram of feed through premix: Vitamin A 8,000 IU, Vitamin B1 2 mg, Vitamin B2 8 mg, Niacin 35 mg, Vitamin B6 3.5 mg, Vitamin B12 0.01 mg, Vitamin D3 1,000 IU, Vitamin E 20 IU, Vitamin K 0.5 mg, Biotin 0.18 mg, Calcium Pantothenate 10 mg, Folic Acid 0.55 mg, Choline Chloride 1,300 mg, Iron 100 mg (Ferrous Sulfate), Copper 8 mg (Copper Sulfate), Manganese 120 mg (Manganese Sulfate), Zinc 100 mg (Zinc Sulfate), Iodine 0.7 mg (Potassium Iodide), Selenium 0.3 mg (Sodium Selenite).

[0022] During the 22-42 day period, the following should be provided per kilogram of diet via premix: Vitamin A 6000 IU, Vitamin B1 2 mg, Vitamin B2 5 mg, Niacin 30 mg, Vitamin B6 3 mg, Vitamin B12 0.01 mg, Vitamin D3 750 IU, Vitamin E 10 IU, Vitamin K 0.5 mg, Biotin 0.15 mg, Calcium Pantothenate 10 mg, Folic Acid 0.55 mg, Choline Chloride 1000 mg, Iron 80 mg (Ferrous Sulfate), Copper 8 mg (Copper Sulfate), Manganese 100 mg (Manganese Sulfate), Zinc 80 mg (Zinc Sulfate), Iodine 0.7 mg (Potassium Iodide), Selenium 0.3 mg (Sodium Selenite).

[0023] During the 43-60 day period, the following vitamins should be provided per kilogram of feed via premix: Vitamin A 6000 IU, Vitamin B1 1 mg, Vitamin B2 4 mg, Niacin 20 mg, Vitamin B6 0.6 mg, Vitamin B12 0.008 mg, Vitamin D3 500 IU, Vitamin E 25 IU, Vitamin K 1.7 mg, Biotin 0.02 mg, Calcium Pantothenate 8 mg, Folic Acid 0.3 mg, Choline Chloride 750 mg, Iron 80 mg (Ferrous Sulfate), Copper 7 mg (Copper Sulfate), Manganese 55 mg (Manganese Sulfate), Zinc 75 mg (Zinc Sulfate), Iodine 0.5 mg (Potassium Iodide), and Selenium 0.15 mg (Sodium Selenite).

[0024] 3. Sample collection and preparation 1) After the feed for each treatment group at different feeding stages was prepared, it was collected by quartering, placed in sealed bags, and stored in a desiccator for later testing of DON, AFB1 and ZEA content.

[0025] 2) At 20:00 on the last day of the experiments at 21 and 60 days of age, feed and water were withheld. At 08:00 the following day, the fasting weight of the chickens was weighed in replicates. For each replicate, one chicken close to the average weight was randomly selected (1-4 replicates for roosters, 5-8 replicates for hens). 5 mL of whole blood was collected from the wing vein into an anticoagulant tube containing heparin sodium. After centrifugation at 3500 rpm / min for 10 min, the supernatant plasma was aliquoted into 0.5 mL centrifuge tubes and stored at -80℃ for later analysis of plasma biochemical and immunological parameters. For 60-day-old chickens, 3 mL of whole blood was collected from the wing vein into an anticoagulant tube containing EDTA, and complete blood count was measured on the same day.

[0026] 3) After blood collection, the chickens were bled to death by draining their necks. The heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius were dissected, weighed, and the organ index was calculated.

[0027] 4) Dissect the entire jejunum, cut off the middle 1 cm section and fix it in 4% paraformaldehyde solution for the purpose of measuring jejunal morphological and structural indicators such as villus height and crypt depth.

[0028] 5) Collect approximately 4 g of tissue samples from the liver and kidneys at fixed locations, aliquot them into 2 mL sterile centrifuge tubes, and store them at -80℃ for later testing of detoxification and antioxidant indicators as well as DON content; 6) Take the left pectoral muscle to determine its color, pH value, cooking loss, drip loss, and shear force.

[0029] 7) The remaining jejunal tissue was cut open at the middle 10 cm and cleaned in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After cleaning the contents, the tissue was placed on filter paper and scraped off the mucosal tissue with a glass slide. The tissue was then stored in a sterile 2 mL centrifuge tube at -80℃ for later testing of mucosal immune-related indicators and related gene expression.

[0030] 4. Test Results 4.1 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers The effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation on broiler growth performance are shown in Table 4.

[0031] During the 1-21 day age period, the level of DON-degrading enzymes significantly affected the body weight and average daily gain of broilers. P <0.05, linear, quadratic), compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 15-20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly increased body weight and average daily weight gain. P <0.05).

[0032] Table 4. Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on growth performance of yellow-feathered broilers aged 1–60 days.

[0033] Note: Different lowercase letters in the superscript of data from the same row indicate significant differences. P <0.05, identical letters or no letters indicate no significant difference ( P >0.05). Same as the table below.

[0034] 4.2 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on carcass traits of yellow-feathered broilers Table 5 shows that for 60-day-old chickens, the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet significantly affected leg muscle percentage and abdominal fat percentage. P <0.05, linear, quadratic). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 15 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly increased leg muscle percentage and decreased abdominal fat percentage. P <0.05). Dietary supplementation with DON degradative enzymes had no significant effect on dressing percentage and breast muscle percentage in 60-day-old chickens.

[0035] Table 5. Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on carcass traits of 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers.

[0036] 4.3 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on organ indices of yellow-feathered broilers Table 6 shows that dietary supplementation with DON-degrading enzyme significantly increased the thymus index and bursa of Fabricius index in 21-day-old chickens. P <0.05%. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5, 15, and 20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly increased the thymus index ( P <0.05), while the addition of 5, 10, and 20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly increased the bursa of Fabricius index ( P <0.05).

[0037] For 60-day-old chickens, the addition of DON-degrading enzyme to the diet significantly affected the bursa of Fabricius index. P <0.05, twice). Compared with the control group, the addition of 10 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly increased the bursa of Fabricius index ( P <0.05).

[0038] In addition, the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet had no significant effect on the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney indices of 21-day-old and 60-day-old chickens. P >0.05) Table 6. Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on organ index of 21- and 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers.

[0039] 4.4 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on chicken quality of yellow-feathered broilers Table 7 shows that dietary supplementation with DON degrading enzyme significantly affected the meat color of pectoral muscle 24 hours post-mortem. * value( P <0.05, twice), compared with the control group, the addition of 10~20 mg / kg of degrading enzyme to the diet significantly improved this index ( P <0.05%. Dietary supplementation with degrading enzymes had no significant effect on drip loss and shear force in the pectoral muscle, but tended to increase the pH value of the pectoral muscle 24 h post-mortem. P =0.060).

[0040] Table 7. Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on chicken quality of yellow-feathered broilers.

[0041] 4.5 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on plasma biochemical parameters of yellow-feathered broilers Table 8 shows that the addition of DON-degrading enzyme to the diet had no significant effect on the plasma TP, ALB, BUN, UA, TG, and TC levels in 21-day-old chickens. P >0.05).

[0042] For 60-day-old chickens, the level of DON-degrading enzymes significantly affected the plasma ALB and CRE levels, as well as the activities of ALT and AST. P <0.05%. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 10, 15, or 20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly increased ALB content ( P <0.05); Adding 5~20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly reduced CRE content and AST activity ( P <0.05); Adding 5 or 10 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly reduced ALT activity ( P <0.05).

[0043] Table 8. Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on plasma biochemical parameters of 21-day and 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers.

[0044] Note: TP: Total Protein, ALB: Albumin, BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen, UA: Uric Acid, TG: Triglycerides, TC: Total Cholesterol, GLU: Glucose, ALT: Alanine Aminotransferase, AST: Aspartate Aminotransferase, ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase, CRE: Creatinine, TBILI: Total Bilirubin 4.6 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on plasma immune indicators in yellow-feathered broilers Table 9 shows that the level of DON-degrading enzyme significantly affected the TNF-α content in the plasma of 21-day-old chickens. P<0.05, linear, quadratic). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5-20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly reduced plasma TNF-α levels ( P <0.05).

[0045] The level of DON-degrading enzyme in 60-day-old chickens significantly affected the plasma IgG levels. P <0.05) and IL-10 content ( P <0.05, linear, quadratic). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly reduced plasma IgG levels ( P <0.05); Adding 5~20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme can significantly increase plasma IL-10 levels ( P <0.05).

[0046] Table 9. Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on plasma immune indicators in yellow-feathered broilers.

[0047] 4.7 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on jejunal morphology in yellow-feathered broilers Table 10 shows that the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet had no significant effect on jejunal VH and CD in 60-day-old chickens. P >0.05), but it has a certain degree of effect on improving V / C ( P =0.085).

[0048] Table 10 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on jejunal morphology in 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers

[0049] 4.8 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on the levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines in the jejunal mucosa of yellow-feathered broilers Table 11 shows that dietary supplementation with DON degrading enzyme had no significant effect on the levels of sIgA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa of 21-day-old chickens. P >0.05).

[0050] Dietary supplementation with DON-degrading enzymes significantly increased the levels of sIgA and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa of 60-day-old chickens. P <0.05, twice). Specifically, compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 10 and 15 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly increased the jejunal mucosal sIgA content ( P <0.05%, adding 10 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme also increased IL-10 content ( P <0.05).

[0051] Table 11 Effects of DON degrading enzyme addition on the levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines in the jejunal mucosa of yellow-feathered broilers

[0052] 4.9 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on jejunal gene expression in yellow-feathered broilers 4.9.1 Expression of genes related to jejunal barrier and nutrient metabolism Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet has an effect on the jejunum of 21-day-old chickens. Claudin-1 , ZO-1 , PePT1 and mTOR The expression level had no significant effect. P >0.05).

[0053] For 60-day-old chickens, DON-degrading enzymes significantly affected the jejunum. Claudin-1 , ZO-1 and mTOR level of expression ( P <0.05), where ZO-1 and mTOR The expression level changes in a quadratic curve. P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of 5 and 10 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly improved jejunal function. ZO-1 and mTOR level of expression ( P <0.05).

[0054] 4.9.2 Expression of jejunal immune and inflammation-related genes Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet has an effect on the jejunum of 21-day-old chickens. TNF-α , IL-1β ,and TLR4 The expression level had no significant effect. P >0.05).

[0055] For 60-day-old chickens, the level of DON-degrading enzymes significantly affected the jejunum of the chickens. TNF-α , IL-1β ,and TLR4 level of expression ( P <0.05, linear, quadratic). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 10-20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly reduced jejunal tract infections. TNF-α and TLR4 level of expression ( P <0.05); Adding 15 or 20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme can significantly improve jejunal clotting. IL-1β level of expression ( P <0.05).

[0056] 4.9.3 Expression of apoptosis-related genes in jejunal cells Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that for 21-day-old chickens, the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet significantly affected the jejunum of the chickens. TMEM173 and BCL2 level of expression ( P <0.05, twice). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5 or 10 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly reduced jejunal tract infections. TMEM173 Reaching the level ( P <0.05); Adding 5~20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme can significantly improve jejunal effusion. BCL2 level of expression ( P <0.05).

[0057] For 60-day-old chickens, the addition of DON-degrading enzymes to the diet significantly affected the jejunum. CGAS and TMEM173 level of expression ( P <0.05, linear, quadratic). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 15 or 20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly reduced jejunal tract infections. CGAS and TMEM173 level of expression ( P <0.05).

[0058] 4.10 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on toxin residues in the liver and kidneys of yellow-feathered broilers As shown in Table 12, for the liver, the residual amount of DON in the liver of the test chickens showed a significant linear decrease with the increase of the degradation enzyme level. P <0.05) Regarding the kidneys, the level of DON-degrading enzymes significantly affected the amount of DON residue in the kidneys of the test chickens. P <0.05, linear, quadratic). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 15 and 20 mg / kg of degrading enzymes significantly reduced DON residues in the kidneys ( P <0.05).

[0059] Table 12 Effects of dietary DON-degrading enzyme supplementation on DON levels in the liver and kidneys of yellow-feathered broilers

[0060] 4.11 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on the detoxification and antioxidant capacity of liver and kidney in yellow-feathered broilers As shown in Table 13, for the liver, the level of DON degrading enzyme significantly affected the activity levels of GST, CarE, and T-SOD in the liver of the test chickens. P<0.05, linear, quadratic). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5-15 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly reduced GST activity in the liver ( P <0.05); Adding 15~20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme can significantly increase the activity of CarE and T-SOD in the liver ( P <0.05%. Dietary supplementation with DON-degrading enzyme had no significant effect on MDA content and AchE and GSH-Px activities in the liver of experimental chickens. P >0.05) Regarding the kidneys, the level of DON-degrading enzymes significantly affected the MDA content, GST, and GSH-Px activity levels in the kidneys of experimental chickens. P <0.05%. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5-10 mg / kg DON-degrading enzyme significantly reduced GST activity in the kidneys ( P <0.05); Adding 15 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly reduced MDA content in the kidneys; Adding 10 and 20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly increased GSH-Px activity in the kidneys ( P <0.05%. Dietary supplementation with DON-degrading enzymes had no significant effect on the activities of CarE, AChE, and T-SOD in the kidneys of the test chickens. P >0.05).

[0061] Table 13 Effects of DON-degrading enzyme supplementation in diet on the detoxification and antioxidant capacity of liver and kidney in yellow-feathered broilers

[0062] 1) Production performance results showed that, compared with the control group, the 15 and 20 mg / kg degradative enzyme addition groups significantly increased the average daily weight gain and 21-day weight of broilers in the 1-21 day age stage (P<0.05), and could also increase the weight of chickens at 60 days of age and reduce the feed conversion ratio in the 1-60 day age stage to a certain extent (P>0.05).

[0063] 2) Carcass traits showed that, compared with the control group, the addition of 15 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme to the diet significantly increased leg muscle rate and decreased abdominal fat rate (P<0.05), thus improving carcass traits.

[0064] 3) Meat quality results showed that the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet significantly affected the redness value of the breast muscle 24 h post-slaughter. Compared with the control group, the addition of 10-20 mg / kg of degrading enzyme to the diet significantly improved this index (P<0.05). 4) The addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet significantly affected the immune organ index of broilers. The addition of 5~20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly increased the thymus and bursa of Fabricius index of broilers (P<0.05), while the addition of degrading enzyme had no significant effect on the organ index of heart, liver, spleen, kidney and lung (P>0.05).

[0065] 5) Plasma biochemistry results showed that, for 60-day-old chickens, compared with the control group, the addition of 10, 15 or 20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme to the diet significantly increased the plasma albumin (ALB) content (P<0.05), the addition of 5~20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly decreased the plasma creatinine (CRE) content and alanine aminotransferase (AST) activity (P<0.05), and the addition of 5 or 10 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly decreased the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity (P<0.05).

[0066] 6) Plasma immunization results showed that dietary supplementation with DON-degrading enzymes significantly affected the levels of TNF-α in the plasma of 21-day-old chickens and the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the plasma of 60-day-old chickens (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5–20 mg / kg DON-degrading enzymes significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the plasma of 21-day-old chickens (P<0.05); supplementation with 5 mg / kg of the enzymes significantly reduced the levels of IgG in the plasma of 60-day-old chickens (P<0.05); and supplementation with 5–20 mg / kg of the enzymes significantly increased the levels of IL-10 in the plasma of 60-day-old chickens (P<0.05).

[0067] 7) The results of jejunal morphology showed that the addition of DON degrading enzyme to the diet had no significant effect on the villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) of the jejunum in 60-day-old chickens (P>0.05), but had a certain degree of effect on the villus / crypt ratio (V / C) (P=0.085).

[0068] 8) Dietary supplementation with DON degrading enzyme had no significant effect on the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the jejunal mucosa of 21-day-old chickens (P>0.05); dietary supplementation with 10 and 15 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly increased the sIgA content in the jejunal mucosa (P<0.05), and supplementation with 10 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme also increased the IL-10 content (P<0.05).

[0069] 9) Gene quantification analysis showed that, compared with the control group, the addition of 10 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly upregulated the gene expression of jejunal tight junction protein-1 (Claudin-1), closed small ring protein-1 (ZO-1), and target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P<0.05); the addition of 15 and 20 mg / kg DON degrading enzyme significantly downregulated the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cyclic guanylate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS), and transmembrane protein 173 (TMEM173), and upregulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) (P<0.05). This indicates that the degrading enzyme effectively improves the intestinal barrier function of broilers and alleviates inflammation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the analysis of the composition and structure of the cecal microbiota in the control group and the 15 mg / kg degrading enzyme-added group showed that, compared with the control group, the addition of degrading enzyme significantly increased the α-diversity (sobs, ace, chao index) of cecal microorganisms (P<0.05), increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Christensenellaceae R-7 group and Synergistes (P<0.05), and optimized the cecal microbiota structure.

[0070] 10) There was a significant linear negative correlation between the amount of DON-degrading enzyme added and the amount of DON residue in the liver (P<0.05). The level of DON-degrading enzyme significantly affected the amount of DON residue in the kidneys of the test chickens (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of 15 and 20 mg / kg of DON-degrading enzyme to the diet significantly reduced the amount of DON residue in the kidneys (P<0.05).

[0071] 11) Biochemical analysis of liver and kidney parameters showed that the addition of DON degrading enzyme significantly affected the activity levels of GST, CarE, and T-SOD in the liver of experimental chickens (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5–15 mg / kg of degrading enzyme significantly reduced GST activity in the liver (P<0.05); supplementation with 15 and 20 mg / kg of degrading enzyme increased CarE and T-SOD activities in the liver (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation of DON degrading enzyme significantly affected MDA content, GST, and GSH-Px activity levels in the kidneys of experimental chickens (P<0.05); compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 5 and 10 mg / kg of DON degrading enzyme significantly reduced GST activity in the kidneys (P<0.05); supplementation with 15 mg / kg of degrading enzyme reduced MDA content in the kidneys; supplementation with 10 and 20 mg / kg of degrading enzyme significantly increased GSH-Px activity in the kidneys (P<0.05).

[0072] In summary, adding DON degrading enzymes to chicken diets can regulate intestinal immune function and microbial composition, improve liver and kidney detoxification and antioxidant capacity, and improve the growth performance, slaughter performance and meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers.

[0073] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme, characterized in that, The chicken feed contains 5-20 mg / kg of vomitoxin-degrading enzyme.

2. The chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the chicken feed contains 59-67% corn, 22-32% soybean meal, 1.5-5% corn gluten meal, 2-4% soybean oil, 0.5-1% limestone, 1.5-2.5% dicalcium phosphate, 0.01-0.2% L-lysine hydrochloride, 0-0.2% DL-methionine, 0-0.1% L-threonine, 0.1-0.5% salt, and 0.5-2% premix.

3. The chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme according to claim 2, characterized in that, The premix contains vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, biotin, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, choline chloride, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium iodide, and sodium selenite.

4. The chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chicken feed contains per kilogram: Vitamin A 6000-8000 IU, Vitamin B1 1-2 mg, Vitamin B2 4-8 mg, Niacin 20-35 mg, Vitamin B6 0.6-3.5 mg, Vitamin B12 0.008-0.01 mg, Vitamin D3 500-1000 IU, Vitamin E 10-25 IU, Vitamin K 0.5-1.7 mg, Biotin 0.02-0.18 mg, Calcium Pantothenate 8-10 mg, Folic Acid 0.3-0.6 mg, Choline Chloride 750-1300 mg, Iron 80-100 mg, Copper 7-8 mg, Manganese 55-120 mg, Zinc 75-100 mg, Iodine 0.5-0.7 mg, and Selenium 0.15-0.3 mg.

5. The chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The chicken feed contains 10-20 mg / kg of vomitoxin-degrading enzyme.

6. The chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The chicken feed is at least one of the following: chicken feed for 1-21 day old chickens, chicken feed for 22-42 day old chickens, chicken feed for 43-60 day old chickens, and chicken feed for 1-60 day old chickens.

7. The chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the chicken diet is for 1-21 day old chickens, the amount of vomitoxin degrading enzyme added is 15-20 mg / kg.

8. The chicken feed containing vomitoxin-degrading enzyme according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chicken feed mentioned is a feed for yellow-feathered broiler chickens.

9. A method for improving broiler production performance, characterized in that, The method includes feeding chickens the chicken feed according to any one of claims 1-8; The production performance includes: increasing average daily weight gain, increasing body weight, increasing the percentage of broiler leg chickens, reducing abdominal fat percentage, reducing damage to the liver and kidneys, increasing the immune organ index, or improving the ratio of intestinal villus height to crypt depth.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The broiler chickens mentioned are yellow-feathered broiler chickens.

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