Beneficiation waste rock aggregate breaking device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of ore crushing, and discloses an ore-dressing waste rock aggregate-making crushing device, which comprises a separation tank, a main shaft and a self-adapting feeding control assembly. When the rotation speed of the crushing cavity decreases due to excessive material, the system can automatically reduce the feeding gap, realize closed-loop regulation of rotation speed reduction-feeding reduction-load reduction-rotation speed recovery, fundamentally eliminate overload and equipment damage caused by improper human operation, and make the motor always maintain in the high-efficiency working interval. The mechanical automatic adjustment does not require a complex electronic sensing system, has higher reliability in the harsh environment of mine with much dust and high vibration, and significantly improves the comprehensive energy-saving efficiency compared with the traditional equipment, thereby prolonging the service life of the core power components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ore crushing technology, specifically a crushing device for aggregate conversion of mineral processing waste rock. Background Technology

[0002] A large amount of waste rock is generated during mining and mineral processing. With the increasing demand for aggregates in the construction industry, processing this waste rock into aggregates for resource reuse has become an important direction for the industry. However, existing vertical crushing units generally suffer from low control over feeding when processing waste rock. They typically use direct gravity feeding, which cannot adjust the feeding speed according to the real-time load state inside the crushing chamber. This leads to difficulties in starting the equipment under load due to material accumulation during startup, and during operation, the machine is prone to stalling due to excessively rapid feeding, severely affecting production continuity and easily damaging transmission components.

[0003] Secondly, traditional crushing equipment struggles to balance crushing efficiency and finished product quality. Existing technologies largely rely on simple mechanical impact, leading to severe ore accumulation at the bottom of the crushing chamber, forming a physical "dead layer." This prevents the bottom material from being fully crushed, resulting in extremely uneven particle size distribution in the finished aggregate, with a high content of needle-like and flaky particles. This structural defect shortens the effective travel distance of the ore within the chamber, limiting the crushing ratio and making it difficult to produce aggregates with high roundness requirements. Furthermore, frequent physical blockages increase maintenance costs.

[0004] Furthermore, the screening and discharge of finished aggregates is a major bottleneck in existing technologies. Conventional crushers rely on gravity or simple mechanical vibration for screening. For fine, qualified aggregates, the frictional heat and moisture generated during crushing easily cause the screen holes to clump and become clogged, resulting in poor discharge. At the same time, the heat generated inside the crushing chamber due to the high-speed mechanical operation cannot be dissipated in time. Long-term high-temperature operation will accelerate the fatigue wear of the crushing blades and bearings, shortening the service life of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a crushing device for aggregate conversion of mineral processing waste rock, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a crushing device for aggregate conversion of mineral processing waste rock, comprising: a sorting tank, which has an interconnected crushing space and a pneumatic sorting space inside;

[0007] A main shaft coaxially extends through the sorting tank, and a crushing mechanism distributed in a spiral pattern is provided on the main shaft;

[0008] An adaptive feeding control component includes a limiting cone coaxially mounted on the top of the main shaft. The limiting cone is provided with a radial guide structure. A limiting block is fitted inside the radial guide structure. A counterweight ball is connected to the outer end of the limiting block, and a sealing cone that can slide along the main shaft axis is linked to its bottom end through a connecting rod. An annular feeding gap is formed between the sealing cone and the feed port, which is dynamically adjusted by the main shaft speed.

[0009] The counter-attack ejection assembly is located at the bottom of the crushing space, and its surface is provided with radially distributed pyramidal counter-attack teeth for forcibly ejecting the settled material upwards.

[0010] The pneumatic discharge mechanism includes a turbine fan installed at the bottom of the main shaft. The air inlet end of the turbine fan is connected to a three-way valve that penetrates the side wall of the sorting tank, and its air outlet end is equipped with an air inlet box with guide louvers to create a rotating and rising airflow in the crushing space.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the adaptive feeding control component also includes a limiting spring, which is sleeved on the outside of the main shaft and its two ends respectively abut against the limiting cone and the sealing cone.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the crushing mechanism includes a main crushing blade extending radially along the main shaft, and the inner wall of the sorting tank is provided with crushing protrusions corresponding to the position of the main crushing blade, the cross-section of the crushing protrusions being an asymmetrical trapezoidal structure.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a crushing tank is fixed inside the sorting tank, and the crushing tank wall is provided with a plurality of sorting holes. The sorting holes and the inner wall of the sorting tank together form an aggregate collection cavity. A discharge port is fixedly connected to the left and right positions near the top of the outer side of the sorting tank, and the discharge port is located at the top of the aggregate collection cavity.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the top of the sorting tank is provided with a feed inlet, the outer peripheral surface of the sealing cone is adapted to the slope of the inner wall surface of the feed inlet, and the sealing cone is located directly above the feed inlet.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the three-way valve is provided with a valve component for controlling the unidirectional flow of airflow, and its input end is connected to an external air source.

[0016] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the bottom end of the sorting tank is provided with a main power component, and the power output end of the main power component passes through the three-way valve through a reducer and is connected to the bottom of the main shaft.

[0017] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the guide louvers are arranged in a ring array along the outer periphery of the air intake box, and the guide louvers have an inclined angle relative to the radial line of the air intake box.

[0018] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a sliding sleeve is fixed at the top of the sealing cone, a first fixed seat is provided on the sliding sleeve, a second fixed seat is provided on the limiting block, and the two ends of the connecting rod are respectively pivotally connected to the first fixed seat and the second fixed seat.

[0019] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a ball bearing is provided at the connection between the main shaft and the sorting tank, and the main shaft is kept in a vertically suspended state between the three-way valve and the adaptive feed control component.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. This invention achieves intelligent mechanical linkage between feeding rate and crushing load through an adaptive feeding control component, significantly improving the operational stability and energy efficiency of the equipment. This structure utilizes the centrifugal force generated by the rotation speed as an adjustment signal. Through the precise cooperation of the counterweight ball, connecting rod, and sealing cone, it ensures that the motor can always start smoothly under no-load conditions, greatly reducing the impact of the instantaneous load on the motor and reducer during startup. During operation, when the rotation speed decreases due to excessive material in the crushing chamber, the system can automatically reduce the feeding gap, realizing a closed-loop regulation of rotation speed decrease - feed reduction - load reduction - rotation speed recovery. This not only fundamentally eliminates overload stalling and equipment damage caused by improper human operation, but also ensures that the motor always maintains its high-efficiency operating range. This mechanical automatic adjustment does not require a complex electronic sensing system and has higher reliability in the harsh environment of high dust and high vibration in mines. Compared with traditional equipment, the overall energy-saving efficiency is significantly improved, and the service life of the core power components is extended.

[0022] 2. This invention, through the synergistic effect of the crushing component and the impact-projectile component, greatly improves the crushing ratio and optimizes the quality of the finished aggregate. The upward force generated by the spirally distributed main crushing blades on the main shaft during high-speed rotation, combined with the asymmetrical trapezoidal structure of the crushing protrusions on the inner wall of the crushing tank, creates a high-frequency collision crushing environment, causing the ore to bounce multiple times, forming an ideal stone-on-stone crushing mechanism. This significantly reduces the needle-like and flaky content of the finished aggregate and improves the roundness and mechanical properties of the aggregate. Meanwhile, the impact-projectile component at the bottom uses its high-hardness triangular pyramidal impact teeth to bounce large particles of material upwards back into the high-energy crushing zone, completely solving the problem of dead material accumulating at the bottom of traditional vertical crushers. This reciprocating crushing cycle increases the effective stroke of the ore in the chamber, ensuring that the material is fully crushed until it reaches the sorting particle size, greatly improving crushing efficiency and product uniformity, and avoiding resource waste and secondary material recycling.

[0023] 3. This invention achieves a high degree of integration of crushing, screening, screen cleaning, and cooling through a pneumatically assisted discharge mechanism, breaking through the physical limitations of traditional mechanical screening. The rotating upward airflow field created inside the device by the turbine fan allows qualified aggregates to be rapidly discharged under the fluidized bed effect, greatly increasing the throughput per unit time. This pneumatic sorting method not only allows for precise control of the upper limit of the discharged aggregate particle size by adjusting the rotation speed, but also utilizes high-speed airflow to continuously and automatically flush the sorting holes, effectively preventing the adhesion and clogging of fine dust or wet materials to the screen holes. This solves the long-standing problem of poor discharge that has plagued the industry. Simultaneously, the large amount of external cold air introduced by the three-way valve plays an excellent heat dissipation role during circulation, continuously removing the mechanical heat generated by intense friction, effectively reducing the working temperature of bearings and cutters, reducing the risk of thermal fatigue, ensuring the performance stability of the equipment under long-term continuous operation, and significantly reducing the frequency of maintenance and spare parts replacement costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sorting tank of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between the three-way valve and the main power component structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pulverizing tank of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a separate schematic diagram of the counter-attack projectile assembly structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a separate schematic diagram of the structure of the feed inlet and the adaptive feed control component of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the adaptive feed control component mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a partial schematic diagram of the adaptive feeding control component mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Sorting tank; 2. Base; 3. Main power assembly; 301. Mounting bracket; 302. Motor; 303. Reducer; 4. Three-way valve; 5. Main shaft; 6. Crushing assembly; 601. Crushing tank; 602. Sorting hole; 603. Main crushing blade; 604. Crushing protrusion; 605. Drive shaft; 606. Turbine air intake box; 607. Exhaust trough; 608. Guide louver; 609. Turbine fan; 7. Counterattack projectile assembly; 8. Feed inlet; 9. Adaptive feeding control assembly; 901. Sealing cone; 902. Limiting cone; 903. Limiting guide rail; 904. Limiting spring; 905. Sliding sleeve; 906. First fixed seat; 907. Second fixed seat; 908. Limiting block; 909. Connecting rod; 9010. Extension rod; 9011. Counterweight ball; 10. Discharge port. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a crushing device for mineral processing waste rock aggregate, mainly including a sorting tank 1. For the stability of the sorting tank 1, bases 2 are installed on both the left and right sides of the bottom of the sorting tank 1. To provide the main power, a main power component 3 is installed in the middle of the bottom of the sorting tank 1, and a crushing component 6 is installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the sorting tank 1. At the same time, a feed inlet 8 is opened at the top of the sorting tank 1, which is connected to the crushing component 6. A main shaft 5 is installed in the middle of the sorting tank 1, penetrating both the upper and lower ends of the sorting tank 1. An adaptive feed control component 9 is installed at the top of the main shaft 5 above the feed inlet 8. The bottom of the main shaft 5 is connected to the top of the main power component 3 through a part of the structure of 6. In order to improve the rotational stability of the main shaft 5, ball bearings are installed at the connection between the main shaft 5 and the sorting tank 1 to ensure that the main shaft 5 can rotate stably relative to the sorting tank 1.

[0036] The device is also equipped with an air inlet. Specifically, a three-way valve 4 is installed near the bottom of the inner cavity of the sorting tank 1. The top of the three-way valve 4 is connected to the bottom of the crushing component 6. At the same time, the left and right ends of the three-way valve 4 are connected to the left and right ends of the outer side of the sorting tank 1 and are connected to the outside. External air is introduced into the interior of the crushing component 6 through the three-way valve 4 to assist in the crushing process of the mineral waste rock.

[0037] Correspondingly, discharge ports 10 are fixedly connected on the left and right sides near the top of the outer side of the sorting tank 1. The discharge ports 10 can serve as the outlet of airflow and the discharge channel of qualified aggregates.

[0038] In order to control the airflow direction, the three-way valve 4 is equipped with a check valve inside. Specifically, the check valves at both ends of the three-way valve 4 are open inward and closed outward, while the check valve inside the top of the three-way valve 4 is open outward and closed inward.

[0039] Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the air enters at a certain pressure, the air at both ends of the three-way valve 4 can also be connected to the external compressed air pipeline to increase the air pressure entering the sorting tank 1 by inputting compressed air.

[0040] The main power component 3 mainly includes a mounting bracket 301, with a motor 302 mounted on the top of the mounting bracket 301. The main power component 3 also includes a reducer 303. The output end of the motor 302 is connected to the input end of the reducer 303, and the output end of the reducer 303 passes through the upper and lower ends of the three-way valve 4 and is connected to the bottom end of the main shaft 5 through a part of the mechanism of 6.

[0041] The output shaft of reducer 303 passes through the middle cavity of three-way valve 4 via a mechanical seal to ensure the airtightness of the pneumatic space.

[0042] Specifically, the power is transmitted to the reducer 303 by turning on the motor 302, and after the reducer 303 reduces the speed and amplifies the torque, it outputs a suitable speed to drive the main shaft 5 to rotate.

[0043] To achieve the crushing process of mineral waste rock, the crushing component 6 mainly includes a crushing tank 601. The top of the crushing tank 601 is connected to the bottom of the feed inlet 8. The outer side of the crushing tank 601 is connected to the inner side of the sorting tank 1. The outer side of the crushing tank 601 is provided with sorting holes 602 at equal intervals along the axis. The inner diameter of the sorting holes 602 is slightly larger than the maximum diameter of the aggregated ore. The inner diameter can be adjusted according to the required size of the aggregated ore.

[0044] Below the crushing tank 601, there is a turbine air intake box 606, and between the crushing tank 601 and the turbine air intake box 606, there is a counter-attack ejector assembly 7. The upper and lower ends of the counter-attack ejector assembly 7 are connected to the bottom end of the crushing tank 601 and the top end of the turbine air intake box 606, respectively. Specifically, the counter-attack ejector assembly 7 separates the crushing tank 601 and the turbine air intake box 606. The ore waste crushed inside the crushing tank 601 cannot enter the interior of the turbine air intake box 606, but only stays between the crushing tank 601 and the counter-attack ejector assembly 7 for crushing.

[0045] Furthermore, multiple main crushing blades 603 are installed at equal intervals on the outer side of the main shaft 5, and each main crushing blade 603 is parallel and staggered, meaning that the initial angle of each main crushing blade 603 is different. The staggered main crushing blades 603 thoroughly crush the ore waste. At the same time, in order to further process the ore waste into aggregate, multiple crushing protrusions 604 are also installed axially at equal intervals on the inner side of the crushing tank 601. Each crushing protrusion 604 is located between two vertically distributed sorting holes 602, which will not obstruct the discharge of aggregated ore.

[0046] In practical implementation, the main crushing blades 603 are arranged in a spiral array along the main shaft 5, and the phase difference between two adjacent layers of main crushing blades is... Satisfying the relation =360 / n (where n is the number of blades in a single layer), this spiral distribution can generate an upward thrust component when rotating at high speed, which can offset part of the material's gravity and prolong the material's suspension time in the crushing chamber.

[0047] The cross-section of the crushing convex bar 604 adopts an asymmetrical trapezoidal structure, and the angle between its water-facing surface and the tangent of the crushing tank 601 is 45 degrees. -60 When the ore is thrown by the main crusher 603, it will bounce multiple times at this angle, forming a stone-on-stone self-crushing effect. Experimental data shows that compared with the planar inner wall, the content of needle-like and flaky aggregates is reduced by 15%-20%, which significantly improves the roundness of the aggregates.

[0048] Example: When the device is performing the crushing operation of mineral waste rock, the main power component 3 provides the core driving force. Specifically, the motor 302 on the mounting frame 301 is started, and its output power is reduced and increased in torque by the reducer 303, driving the main shaft 5 to rotate at high speed inside the sorting tank 1 and the crushing tank 601. As the main shaft 5 rotates, multiple sets of staggered main crushing blades 603 installed on its outer side also rotate at high speed. When the mineral waste rock enters the inner cavity of the crushing tank 601 through the feed port 8, the high-speed rotating main crushing blades 603 apply a violent rotational impact force and shearing force to the ore. At the same time, the ore is thrown against the inner wall of the crushing tank 601 under the action of centrifugal force and violently collides with the crushing protrusions 604 set on the inner wall. Through the dynamic cutting of the main crushing blades 603 and the static blocking of the crushing protrusions 604, the ore is subjected to multi-directional stress in a very short time, thereby achieving the initial crushing from large pieces to small particles.

[0049] To further improve crushing efficiency and eliminate crushing dead zones at the bottom, a counter-attack ejector assembly 7 is installed at the junction of the crushing tank 601 and the turbine intake box 606. This assembly, as a separator and functional component with specific mechanical strength, acts as a counter-attack anvil at the bottom. In actual working conditions, when large particles of ore that have not been completely crushed settle to the bottom of the crushing area due to gravity, they will directly impact the surface of the counter-attack ejector assembly 7. The counter-attack ejector assembly 7 uses the reaction force generated by its structural rigidity to bounce the settled ore upwards again and eject it back into the dense action area of ​​the main crushing blade 603 and the crushing ridges 604.

[0050] The surface of the counter-attack projectile assembly 7 is not completely flat, but has triangular pyramidal counter-attack teeth distributed radially.

[0051] The hardness of these counter-attack teeth is HRC. 60, capable of withstanding high-frequency impacts from mining waste rock. When large pieces of waste rock with a particle size greater than the 602 sorting hole fall to the bottom, the impact teeth use the wedge principle to convert the vertically downward kinetic energy into obliquely upward projectile kinetic energy.

[0052] At this moment, the instantaneous counterforce F on the material can be approximately estimated using the momentum theorem:

[0053]

[0054] in The initial velocity of the rebound, To determine the final descent velocity, the spindle speed is adjusted to control the ejection height at a point equal to the height of the pulverizing tank. to This ensures that the material is always in the high-energy collision zone.

[0055] Through the synergistic effect of the crushing component 6 and the impact ejector component 7, the technical problem of material accumulation and dead layer formation at the bottom of traditional vertical crushers, which leads to incomplete crushing, is substantially solved. The impact ejector component 7 realizes a settling, rebounding, and re-crushing cycle, which greatly increases the effective travel and number of impacts of the ore in the crushing chamber. This not only improves the crushing efficiency per unit time, but also ensures the uniformity of the final aggregate particle size and avoids the risk of equipment jamming or overload caused by bottom material deposition.

[0056] Meanwhile, the outer side of the turbine intake box 606 is provided with exhaust grooves 607 at equal intervals along the axis, and the outer side of the turbine intake box 606 is provided with guide louvers 608 located in the exhaust grooves 607, and the bottom end of the turbine intake box 606 is connected to the top end of 4.

[0057] While mechanically crushing, this device adopts a pneumatic assisted discharge mechanism. The bottom end of the main shaft 5 extends into the turbine air intake box 606 and is equipped with a drive shaft 605. A turbine fan 609 is installed on the outer side of the drive shaft 605. Specifically, the output end of the reducer is connected to the bottom end of the drive shaft 605.

[0058] The airflow generated by the turbine fan 609 forms a rotating upward airflow field between the pulverizing tank 601 and the sorting tank 1, and the tilt angle of the guide louvers 608 is set to 30 degrees. This ensures that the airflow has a certain tangential velocity when it enters the pulverizing chamber.

[0059] The discharge of qualified aggregates follows a modified form of Stokes' Law, where the upward drag force generated by the airflow... When the force exceeds the aggregate weight G, the aggregate is carried out:

[0060]

[0061] (in air density, For the windward area of ​​the aggregate, (Relative speed). By adjusting the rotational speed of motor 302, the airflow velocity can be dynamically controlled. This allows for precise adjustment of the upper limit of the discharged aggregate particle size (controlled within the range of 5mm-10mm).

[0062] Example: As the main shaft 5 rotates, the turbine fan 609 rotates synchronously at high speed, forming a strong negative pressure suction force. External air is drawn into the turbine intake box 606 through the three-way valve 4. The incoming air is discharged through the exhaust groove 607 and rectified by the guide louvers 608 before being injected upward at high speed into the crushing tank 601. This high-speed upward airflow forms a fluidized bed effect in the crushing chamber, blowing up the mineral waste stone that flies out through the sorting holes 602 on the side wall of the crushing tank 601, i.e., the crushed aggregated ore that meets the particle size requirements, i.e., the lighter weight, so that it can overcome gravity and converge with the high-pressure gas into the interlayer between the sorting tank 1 and the crushing tank 601, and is discharged through the discharge port 10.

[0063] By introducing airflow, it effectively solves the problems of slow discharge speed, easy screen clogging, and poor heat dissipation of traditional crushing equipment. It uses a three-way valve 4 and a turbine fan 609 to introduce high-pressure airflow, which not only accelerates the discharge of qualified aggregates as a transport carrier and significantly improves the processing throughput, but also continuously washes the sorting holes 602 with high-speed airflow, which plays the role of automatic screen cleaning and prevents wet or fine dust from clogging the screen holes. In addition, the continuous flow of air also effectively removes the mechanical heat generated during the crushing process, extending the service life of bearings and cutters, and realizing the integrated operation of physical crushing and pneumatic sorting.

[0064] To achieve automatic matching between the feeding speed and the crusher load, an adaptive feeding control component 9 is coaxially installed at the top of the main shaft 5. The adaptive feeding control component 9 mainly includes a sealing cone 901 sleeved on the main shaft 5 and a limiting cone 902 installed at the top of the main shaft 5. Specifically, the sealing cone 901 can slide up and down along the main shaft 5, while the limiting cone 902 can rotate with the main shaft 5. A sliding sleeve 905 is also fixedly installed at the top of the sealing cone 901, and the sliding sleeve 905 is also sleeved on the outer surface of the main shaft 5 and can slide up and down along the main shaft 5. On the outer side of the limiting cone 902, near the bottom, there are axially spaced limiting guide rails 903. Inside the limiting guide rail 903, there is a movably engaged limiting block 908. The limiting block 908 can be displaced relative to the extension direction of the limiting guide rail 903. At the same time, an extension rod 9010 is fixedly installed on the limiting block 908 away from the limiting cone 902. The end of the extension rod 9010 away from the limiting block 908 passes through one end of the limiting guide rail 903 and is fixedly installed with a counterweight ball 9011 on the outer side of the limiting guide rail 903.

[0065] In order to achieve the linkage between the sealing cone 901 and the counterweight ball 9011, a first fixed seat 906 is installed at equal intervals along the axis at the top of the sliding sleeve 905, and a second fixed seat 907 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the corresponding limiting block 908. A connecting rod 909 is movably connected between the first fixed seat 906 and the second fixed seat 907 through a rotating shaft.

[0066] Specifically, the shape of the outer side of the sealing cone 901 is adapted to the shape of the inner side of the feed inlet 8. That is, when the sealing cone 901 is at its lowest point, the outer side of the sealing cone 901 contacts the inner side of the feed inlet 8 to completely seal it. When the sealing cone 901 rises, a feeding gap is formed between the sealing cone 901 and the feed inlet 8 for the input of mineral waste rock.

[0067] Meanwhile, in order to reset the sealing cone 901, a limiting spring 904 is movably sleeved on the outer side of the main shaft 5, and the upper and lower ends of the limiting spring 904 are connected to the bottom end of the limiting cone 902 and the top end of the sliding sleeve 905, respectively. In the initial state, that is, when the main shaft 5 is not rotating, the limiting spring 904 is in the initial state, that is, the longest length state. At this time, the sealing cone 901 is in the lowest position and completely seals the feed port 8.

[0068] The sensitivity of the adaptive feed control component 9 is determined by the stiffness coefficient k of the limit spring 904 and the mass M of the counterweight ball 9011.

[0069] In the design, the opening displacement of the sealing cone 901 With rotational speed The relationship is approximated as:

[0070]

[0071] in, / The lever ratio of the connecting rod is 909.

[0072] Example data: With the rated speed set at 1440 rpm, when the speed in the crushing chamber drops to 1200 rpm due to excessive feeding, the centrifugal force decreases by approximately 30%. At this point, the limit spring 904 quickly overcomes the residual centrifugal force, causing the sealing cone 901 to move downwards, reducing the feeding gap by more than 50%. This closed-loop regulation integrating speed, negative pressure, and feeding not only prevents stalling but also ensures that the motor always operates within its high-efficiency range, achieving a comprehensive energy saving rate of over 12%.

[0073] Example: The adaptive feeding control component 9 operates based on a mechanical linkage mechanism between spindle speed and centrifugal force. In the initial startup phase, the spindle 5 has not yet rotated or its speed is low, resulting in a small centrifugal force on the counterweight ball 9011. Under the elastic restoring force of the limit spring 904, the sliding sleeve 905 and the sealing cone 901 are pushed to their lowest point. At this time, the outer wall of the sealing cone 901 is tightly pressed against the inner wall of the feed inlet 8, completely sealing the feeding channel and achieving no-load startup. As the spindle 5 speed gradually increases and reaches the rated operating speed, the limit cone 902 fixed at the top of the spindle 5 drives the limit guide rail 903 to rotate at high speed. The counterweight ball 9011 is then subjected to a strong centrifugal force... The moving extension rod 9010 and the limiting block 908 move outward along the limiting guide rail 903. This radial displacement is converted into axial tension through the lever transmission of the connecting rod 909, which overcomes the resistance of the limiting spring 904. The traction sleeve 905 drives the sealing cone 901 to slide upward along the main shaft 5. After the sealing cone 901 moves upward, it separates from the feed port 8, forming an annular feed gap. The waste rock then falls into the crushing tank. If there is too much material in the crushing chamber, causing the main shaft 5 to be overloaded and the speed to drop, the centrifugal force of the counterweight ball 9011 will weaken. The limiting spring 904 will then push the sealing cone 901 downward, automatically reducing or closing the feed gap and reducing the feed amount until the speed returns to balance.

[0074] This solution effectively solves the technical problems of difficult start-up under load and stalling under overload that are common in existing crushing equipment. By using the logic of determining the opening degree by the rotation speed, it ensures that the motor always starts under no-load conditions, which greatly reduces the starting current and protects the motor and reducer. At the same time, it achieves dynamic adaptive matching between the feeding speed and crushing capacity, avoiding the risk of blockage of the crushing chamber and equipment jamming caused by excessive feeding. In addition, by using the rotating sealing cone 901 as the feed valve core, the centrifugal force of rotation is used to evenly disperse the falling ore and throw it into the crushing tank 601 in a circumferential direction when the feed is opened, which effectively prevents the bridging and accumulation of ore at the feed inlet and improves the continuity and stability of the crushing operation.

[0075] Working principle and usage process of this invention:

[0076] Step 1: During the equipment startup phase, the motor 302 is started through the mounting bracket 301, which transmits power to the reducer 303 for torque amplification. Subsequently, it drives the transmission shaft 605, main shaft 5, and turbine fan 609 to rotate synchronously. In the initial low speed state, the centrifugal force on the counterweight ball 9011 of the adaptive feeding control component 9 is insufficient to overcome the elastic force of the limit spring 904. The sealing cone 901 is in the lowest position and close to the feed port 8, ensuring that the equipment starts smoothly under complete no-load conditions and effectively reducing the starting current.

[0077] Step 2: As the spindle speed 5 increases to the rated value, the adaptive feeding control component 9 takes effect. The counterweight ball 9011 slides outward along the limit guide rail 903 under the drive of centrifugal force. Through the lever action of the connecting rod 909, it pulls the sliding sleeve 905 and the sealing cone 901 upward, thereby opening the feed port 8. After the waste rock enters, it is evenly scattered to the inner circumference edge of the crushing tank 601 under the influence of the centrifugal force of the rotating sealing cone 901, thus avoiding the accumulation of material in the center of the inlet.

[0078] Step 3: The ore entering the crushing tank 601 undergoes multiple crushing actions. The main shaft 5 drives the multi-layered main crushing blades 603, which are distributed in a spiral pattern, to impact the ore at high speed. Under the action of centrifugal force, the ore hits the crushing protrusions 604 on the inner wall of the crushing tank 601. When the large pieces of ore that have not been crushed sink to the bottom, they hit the triangular pyramidal impact teeth on the surface of the impact ejector assembly 7 and are forced to bounce upward back to the high-energy crushing zone, realizing the repeated crushing of materials and completely eliminating the dead corner at the bottom.

[0079] Step 4: While the physical crushing is underway, the pneumatic sorting system operates simultaneously. The turbine fan 609 rotates at high speed and draws in external air or compressed air through the three-way valve 4. The airflow is discharged through the exhaust slot 607 of the turbine air intake box 606 and rectified by the guide louvers 608 to form an upward airflow with tangential velocity. This airflow forms a fluidized bed in the crushing chamber. Qualified aggregates that meet the particle size requirements are lifted upward by the airflow force, overcoming their own gravity, and enter the interlayer of the sorting tank 1 through the sorting hole 602.

[0080] Step 5: Finally, the qualified aggregate carried out by the airflow gathers at the top of the sorting tank 1 and is discharged from the device through the discharge port 10. During this process, if there is too much material in the crushing chamber at once, causing the rotation speed to drop, the centrifugal force of the counterweight ball 9011 will be weakened, and the limit spring 904 will automatically push the sealing cone 901 down to reduce the feed opening, thereby achieving automatic unloading. The continuously flowing airflow continuously flushes the sorting hole 602 to prevent blockage while discharging the material, and also carries away the mechanical heat generated by crushing.

Claims

1. A crushing and aggregate-forming device for mineral processing waste rock, characterized in that: include: The sorting tank (1) has an interconnected crushing space and a pneumatic sorting space inside; The main shaft (5) coaxially passes through the sorting tank (1), and the main shaft (5) is provided with a crushing mechanism distributed in a spiral shape; The adaptive feeding control component (9) includes a limiting cone (902) coaxially mounted on the top of the main shaft (5). The limiting cone (902) is provided with a radial guide structure. A limiting block (908) is fitted inside the radial guide structure. A counterweight ball (9011) is connected to the outer end of the limiting block (908), and a sealing cone (901) that can slide along the axial direction of the main shaft (5) is linked to its bottom end through a connecting rod (909). An annular feeding gap is formed between the sealing cone (901) and the feed port (8) and is dynamically adjusted by the rotation speed of the main shaft (5). The counter-attack ejection assembly (7) is located at the bottom of the crushing space and has radially distributed pyramidal counter-attack teeth on its surface, which are used to force the settled material to be ejected upward. The pneumatic discharge mechanism includes a turbine fan (609) installed at the bottom of the main shaft (5). The turbine fan (609) has a three-way valve (4) that penetrates the side wall of the sorting tank (1) at its air inlet end, and its air outlet end is equipped with an air inlet box with guide louvers (608) to create a rotating upward airflow in the crushing space.

2. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive feed control assembly (9) also includes a limiting spring (904), which is sleeved on the outside of the main shaft (5) and its two ends abut against the limiting cone (902) and the sealing cone (901) respectively.

3. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism includes a main crushing blade (603) extending radially along the main shaft (5), and the inner wall of the sorting tank (1) is provided with a crushing protrusion (604) corresponding to the position of the main crushing blade (603). The cross-section of the crushing protrusion (604) is an asymmetrical trapezoidal structure.

4. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sorting tank (1) is fixed with a crushing tank (601). The crushing tank (601) has multiple sorting holes (602) on its wall. The sorting holes (602) and the inner wall of the sorting tank (1) together form an aggregate collection cavity. The outer side of the sorting tank (1) is fixedly connected to a discharge port (10) at the left and right positions near the top. The discharge port (10) is located at the top of the aggregate collection cavity.

5. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the sorting tank (1) is provided with a feed inlet (8), the outer peripheral surface of the sealing cone (901) is adapted to the slope of the inner wall surface of the feed inlet (8), and the sealing cone (901) is located directly above the feed inlet (8).

6. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way valve (4) is equipped with a valve component that controls the unidirectional flow of airflow, and its input end is connected to an external air source.

7. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the sorting tank (1) is provided with a power assembly (3). The power output end of the power assembly (3) passes through the three-way valve (4) through the reducer (303) and is connected to the bottom of the main shaft (5).

8. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide louvers (608) are arranged in a ring array along the outer periphery of the air intake box, and the guide louvers (608) have an inclined angle relative to the radial line of the air intake box.

9. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top end of the sealing cone (901) is fixed with a sliding sleeve (905), the sliding sleeve (905) is provided with a first fixed seat (906), the limiting block (908) is provided with a second fixed seat (907), and the two ends of the connecting rod (909) are respectively pivotally connected to the first fixed seat (906) and the second fixed seat (907).

10. The mineral processing waste rock aggregate crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection between the main shaft (5) and the sorting tank (1) is provided with a ball bearing, and the main shaft (5) is kept in a vertically suspended state between the three-way valve (4) and the adaptive feed control component (9).

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