A slope stabilizing mechanism and a construction process thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to geotechnical engineering technical field, specifically to a kind of slope stabilizing mechanism and its construction technology, wherein, the slope stabilizing mechanism includes moving assembly, moving assembly includes expansion part and drive structure.Expansion part has the contraction state along the radial contraction of anchor rod and the expansion state along the radial expansion of anchor rod.Drive structure drives expansion part to move on anchor rod axially, and control expansion part switches between contraction state and expansion state.When expansion part is in expansion state and moves along anchor rod axially, the hole wall of drilling can be continuously wiped, the low-intensity, low-permeability mud skin structure formed on the surface of drilling hole wall due to drilling construction is broken, the loose drill cuttings and collapse on the surface of hole wall are removed, so that the surface roughness of drilling hole wall is improved, and then the interfacial bond strength between drilling hole wall and grouting body is enhanced, to avoid mud skin, drill cuttings and other impurities to hinder the effective combination of grouting body and hole wall.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, and in particular to a slope stabilization mechanism and its construction process. Background Technology

[0002] Anchor bolts are core active reinforcement tension components in geotechnical engineering, widely used in mine roadways, tunnels, slopes, foundation pits, dams, and other projects. By anchoring unstable surrounding rock to stable structures deep within, they enhance overall stability, prevent deformation, collapse, and landslides, and are a key support method for ensuring the safety of underground and slope engineering. During anchor bolt installation, holes must first be drilled according to the design location, and slag removed using high-pressure air. Then, the anchor bolt body is inserted into the borehole. Subsequently, grout or anchoring agent is injected and stirred to solidify. After the grout or anchoring agent reaches its strength, the support plate and nut are installed and tightened. If necessary, tensioning and sealing are performed to form a complete anchoring system. Throughout the process, strict control must be maintained over the hole position, hole depth, grout density, and anchoring force to ensure reliable support.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, drill cuttings and fine particles generated during anchor drilling are difficult to completely remove. They tend to be compacted and smeared on the borehole wall, forming a low-permeability, low-strength mud cake. This mud cake does not chemically bond with the subsequently injected cement grout, resulting in extremely poor interfacial bonding. This prevents the anchor rod, cement grout, and surrounding rock from forming an effective integral anchoring structure, leading to insufficient anchoring force and low bond strength. This severely reduces the support effect and structural stability of the anchor rod, adversely affecting project safety and long-term performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a slope stabilization mechanism to address the problem that mud cake on the borehole wall prevents the formation of an effective integral anchoring structure between the anchor rod, cement grout, and surrounding rock in current anchor bolt construction.

[0005] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions: A slope stabilization mechanism, comprising: An anchor bolt, which is anchored inside the borehole.

[0006] The grouting pipe is installed on the anchor bolt and is used to deliver grout into the borehole.

[0007] A movable component includes an expansion section and a drive structure; the expansion section is axially movable on the anchor bolt; the expansion section also has a contracted state that contracts radially along the anchor bolt and an expanded state that expands radially along the anchor bolt; the drive structure is used to drive the expansion section to move axially along the anchor bolt during grouting and to drive the expansion section to switch between the contracted state and the expanded state.

[0008] When the expansion portion is in the contracted state, it is lowered into the borehole along with the anchor rod; when the expansion portion is in the expanded state, it can move axially on the anchor rod and contact the borehole wall to wipe the borehole wall.

[0009] Furthermore, the expansion portion includes a sleeve and an elastic cone; the sleeve is fitted onto the anchor rod; the elastic cone is fitted outside the sleeve, and the elastic cone has a small-diameter end and a large-diameter end along its own axis, with the small-diameter end fixedly connected to the sleeve.

[0010] The driving structure includes a switching unit, which is used to drive the large-diameter end of the elastic cone to expand or contract radially.

[0011] Furthermore, the driving structure also includes a first driving member, which is connected to the sleeve and is used to drive the sleeve to move axially along the anchor rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the switching unit includes an actuator, multiple connecting rods, and a second driving member; the actuator is sleeved on the sleeve and is capable of moving axially along the sleeve; the multiple connecting rods are distributed circumferentially along the actuator, with one end of each connecting rod hinged to the actuator and the other end hinged to the large-diameter end of the elastic cone; the second driving member is connected to the actuator and is used to drive the actuator to move axially along the sleeve, so as to drive the large-diameter end to expand or contract through the connecting rods.

[0013] Furthermore, the switching unit also includes a first elastic element disposed between the sleeve and the actuator, the first elastic element being used to apply an elastic force to the actuator to keep the large-diameter end of the elastic cone contracted.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer wall of the large-diameter end of the elastic cone is fixedly provided with a plurality of cutting edges, which are used to wipe the hole wall of the drilled hole when the expansion part is in the expansion state and moves axially on the anchor rod.

[0015] Furthermore, the moving component also includes a limiting cylinder, a rotating structure, and multiple turbulence-disrupting blades; the limiting cylinder is sleeved on the anchor rod and coaxially rotatably connected to the sleeve, and the first driving member drives the sleeve to move axially through the limiting cylinder; the rotating structure is used to drive the sleeve to rotate around the anchor rod when the sleeve moves axially; the multiple turbulence-disrupting blades are fixedly disposed at the end of the sleeve, and the turbulence-disrupting blades are used to agitate the injected grout when the sleeve rotates.

[0016] Furthermore, the rotating structure includes a spiral groove and a plurality of sliding blocks; the spiral groove is disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve; the plurality of sliding blocks are fixedly disposed on the anchor rod along the axial direction, and at least one of the sliding blocks is embedded in the spiral groove.

[0017] When the sleeve moves axially, the sliding block engages with the spiral groove to drive the sleeve to rotate around the anchor rod.

[0018] Furthermore, the movable component also includes a sealing ring, which is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the limiting cylinder. The inner wall of the sealing ring is in sealing contact with the outer wall of the anchor rod. The sealing ring is used to wipe the surface of the anchor rod when the limiting cylinder moves axially.

[0019] The present invention also provides a slope construction process for implementing the slope stabilization mechanism described in any one of the above claims, comprising the following steps: S100, the expanded portion in the contracted state is lowered into the borehole along with the anchor rod.

[0020] S200, the expansion section is switched from the contracted state to the expanded state by the driving structure, so that the expansion section contacts the hole wall of the drilled hole.

[0021] S300, during the grouting process, the expansion part in the expansion state is driven by the driving structure to move along the axial direction of the anchor rod to continuously wipe the borehole wall.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a slope stabilization mechanism and its construction process. The slope stabilization mechanism includes a moving component, which comprises an expansion section and a driving structure. The expansion section has a contracted state (contracting radially along the anchor rod) and an expanded state (expanding radially along the anchor rod). The driving structure can drive the expansion section to move axially along the anchor rod and can also drive the expansion section to stably switch between the contracted and expanded states. When the expansion section is in the contracted state, it can be smoothly lowered into the borehole along with the anchor rod. After the anchor rod is lowered, the driving structure drives the expansion section to switch from the contracted state to the expanded state, so that the expansion section fits tightly against the borehole wall. Subsequently, driven by the driving structure, the expansion section moves axially along the anchor rod, performing continuous and comprehensive wiping treatment on the borehole wall. This effectively breaks up the low-strength, low-permeability mud cake formed on the borehole wall surface due to drilling, removes loose debris and unstable attachments from the borehole wall, improves the surface roughness and interfacial bonding ability of the borehole wall, eliminates the adverse effects of mud cake on bonding performance, and improves the bonding reliability and overall anchoring effect between the borehole wall and the grout. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a slope stabilization mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Exploded view of the structure shown; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the structure shown; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the moving component in a slope stabilization mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Exploded view of the structure shown; Figure 7 for Figure 5 The cross-sectional view of the structure shown.

[0024] in: 110. Anchor bolt; 111. Continuous thread; 112. Clearance groove; 113. Mounting strip; 114. Sliding block; 120. Fastening end; 121. Conical head; 122. Clamp; 130. Sealing end; 131. End cap; 132. Ball; 133. Fastening nut; 210. Grouting pipe; 310. Sleeve; 311. First rotating groove; 312. Spiral groove; 313. Baffle blade; 320. Limiting cylinder; 321. First connecting ring; 322. First rotating block; 330. Elastic cone; 331. Cutting edge; 340. Actuating cylinder; 341. Mounting ring; 342. First compression spring; 343. Second connecting ring; 350. Connecting rod; 360. Sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0026] The component designations used in this document, such as "first" and "second," are merely for distinguishing the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "connection" and "linkage" used in this invention, unless otherwise specified, include both direct and indirect connections (linkages). It should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0027] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0028] The following reference Figures 1 to 7 This invention describes a slope stabilization mechanism provided in an embodiment of the invention, which includes an anchor bolt 110, a grouting pipe 210, and a moving component.

[0029] Specifically, the anchor rod 110 is a long rod structure, and the outer circumferential surface of the anchor rod 110 is formed with continuous threads 111. The continuous threads 111 penetrate through the main body of the anchor rod 110, which is used to increase the contact area between the anchor rod 110 and the grouting body, and improve the bonding strength and anchoring reliability between the anchor rod 110 and the grouting body.

[0030] The two ends of the anchor bolt 110 are respectively set as fastening end 120 and sealing end 130.

[0031] The anchor bolt 110 has a tapered head 121 and a clamp 122 at its fastening end 120. The tapered head 121 is conical and is coaxially fixedly connected to the fastening end 120 of the anchor bolt 110. The clamp 122 is fitted around the tapered head 121 and is a multi-lobed split structure, which has elastic expansion and contraction capabilities in the radial direction. After the anchor bolt 110 is lowered to the preset position at the bottom of the borehole, an outward axial tensile force is applied to the anchor bolt 110, causing the tapered head 121 to move axially relative to the clamp 122. The conical surface of the cone head 121 and the inner conical surface of the clamp 122 press against each other, causing the clamp 122 to expand and deform radially outward. The outer wall of the expanded clamp 122 is tightly pressed against the hole wall structure at the bottom of the borehole. The clamp 122 and the hole wall are pressed together to form an anchoring effect, thereby achieving relative fixation between the fastening end 120 of the anchor rod 110 and the bottom of the borehole.

[0032] The sealing end 130 of the anchor bolt 110 is provided with an end cap 131, a ball 132, and a fastening nut 133. The end cap 131, the ball 132, and the fastening nut 133 are sequentially fitted onto the sealing end 130 of the anchor bolt 110 along the axial direction of the anchor bolt 110. The end cap 131 is a disc-shaped sealing structure used to conform to the slope surface, thereby sealing the borehole port, blocking the outflow channel of the grout, and ensuring the fullness and density of the grout inside the borehole. The ball 132 is located between the end cap 131 and the fastening nut 133, and is used to achieve adaptive adjustment of the angle between the end cap 131 and the anchor bolt 110, adapting to changes in the slope inclination angle, and ensuring that the end cap 131 and the slope surface always maintain a tight fit. The fastening nut 133 applies a continuous axial preload to the ball 132 and the end cap 131 through the screwing action with the continuous thread 111. The axial preload ensures that a gapless rigid connection is formed between the end cap 131, the ball 132 and the anchor rod 110, thereby enhancing the overall structural stability and locking reliability of the sealing end 130.

[0033] The grouting pipe 210 is a rigid tubular structure used to deliver grout into the borehole to achieve filling and curing bonding of the grout between the anchor bolt 110 and the borehole wall. An axially extending clearance groove 112 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the anchor bolt 110, and the clearance groove 112 is adapted to the outer diameter of the grouting pipe 210. The grouting pipe 210 is bonded inside the clearance groove 112, with its outer wall tightly fitted to the inner wall of the clearance groove 112, and a portion of the outer surface of the grouting pipe 210 extending beyond the outer peripheral contour of the anchor bolt 110. During the insertion of the anchor bolt 110 into the borehole, the grouting pipe 210 extends synchronously into the borehole along with the anchor bolt 110, providing a stable delivery path for the subsequent uniform filling of the grout.

[0034] The moving component includes an expansion section and a drive structure. The expansion section has a contracted state that retracts radially along the anchor bolt 110 and an expanded state that expands radially along the anchor bolt 110.

[0035] The expansion section includes a sleeve 310 and an elastic cone 330.

[0036] The sleeve 310 is a cylindrical structure, coaxially fitted onto the outside of the anchor rod 110. A limiting sleeve 320 is provided at the end of the sleeve 310 furthest from the fastening end 120, and the limiting sleeve 320 is coaxially connected to the sleeve 310. The inner wall of the limiting sleeve 320 is adapted to the combined outer contour of the anchor rod 110 and the grouting pipe 210 to ensure that the limiting sleeve 320 can drive the sleeve 310 to move stably along the axial direction of the anchor rod 110. Both the inner walls of the sleeve 310 and the limiting sleeve 320 maintain a preset gap with the outer wall of the anchor rod 110 to avoid movement interference between the sleeve 310 and the limiting sleeve 320 and the anchor rod 110 during axial movement, ensuring the continuity and smoothness of the axial movement of the sleeve 310 and the limiting sleeve 320.

[0037] The elastic cone 330 is a hollow conical structure made of materials such as rubber, which possess stable elastic deformation and structural recovery capabilities. In the axial direction from the fastening end 120 to the sealing end 130, the cross-sectional area of ​​the elastic cone 330 gradually increases, forming a small-diameter end near the fastening end 120 and a large-diameter end near the sealing end 130. The small-diameter end of the elastic cone 330 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the end of the sleeve 310 near the fastening end 120. Multiple cutting edges 331 are fixedly provided on the outer wall of the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330, and these cutting edges 331 are evenly distributed circumferentially along the elastic cone 330. The cutting edges 331 are rigid wiping structures used to wipe away mud from the borehole wall surface.

[0038] When the expansion section is in a contracted state, the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330 approaches the sleeve 310, forming a contracted shape. At this time, the overall outer diameter of the sleeve 310, the limiting sleeve 320, and the elastic cone 330 is smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole, and the sleeve 310, the limiting sleeve 320, and the elastic cone 330 can be smoothly lowered into the borehole along with the anchor rod 110.

[0039] When the expansion section is in the expansion state, the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330 expands outward along the radial direction of the anchor rod 110, and the outer wall of the elastic cone 330 is tightly attached to the borehole wall surface. At this time, the cutting edge 331 forms a tight contact with the borehole wall, which can perform a wiping treatment on the borehole wall surface to directly destroy the low-strength, low-permeability mud cake structure formed on the borehole wall surface.

[0040] The drive structure includes a first drive element (not shown in the figure) and a switching unit.

[0041] At least one first connecting ring 321 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the limiting cylinder 320. The first driving component is a first pull rope, one end of which is fastened to the first connecting ring 321, and the other end of which extends through the sealing end 130 to the outside of the borehole. The first pull rope can be pulled manually or by a miniature electric winch. The tension of the first pull rope is used to drive the axial displacement of the limiting cylinder 320, which in turn drives the sleeve 310 and the elastic cone 330 to move stably along the axial direction of the anchor rod 110.

[0042] The switching unit includes an actuator 340 and a second drive unit (not shown in the figure).

[0043] A limiting protrusion is fixedly provided at the end of sleeve 310 away from the fastening end 120. The limiting protrusion is a radially protruding structure at the end of sleeve 310. The actuator 340 is a cylindrical structure and is coaxially sleeved on the limiting protrusion of sleeve 310. The end of actuator 340 near the fastening end 120 is always located inside the gap between elastic cone 330 and sleeve 310. A mounting ring 341 is coaxially provided at the end of actuator 340 away from the fastening end 120. The mounting ring 341 is coaxially provided with actuator 340 and sleeved on limiting sleeve 320. The mounting ring 341 can restrict the axial movement of actuator 340 and prevent actuator 340 from axially dislodging from the limiting protrusion of sleeve 310.

[0044] A first elastic element is provided between the actuator 340 and the sleeve 310. The first elastic element is a first compression spring 342. The first compression spring 342 provides a continuous and stable elastic force to the actuator 340. This elastic force always drives the end of the actuator 340 near the fastening end 120 to move away from the limiting protrusion.

[0045] The actuator 340 and the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330 are interconnected by multiple connecting rods 350, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the actuator 340. One end of each connecting rod 350 is hinged to the end of the actuator 340 near the fastening end 120, and the other end of each connecting rod 350 is hinged to the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330.

[0046] At least one second connecting ring 343 is fixedly provided on the end face of the mounting ring 341. The second driving component is configured as a second pull rope, one end of which is fastened to the second connecting ring 343, and the other end of which extends through the sealing end 130 to the outside of the borehole. The second pull rope can be pulled manually or by a miniature electric winch, and the tension of the second pull rope is used to achieve stable axial movement of the actuator 340 along the sleeve 310 and the limiting sleeve 320.

[0047] During the grouting process, the first pull rope is pulled first, and the tension of the first pull rope is transmitted to the limiting cylinder 320 through the first connecting ring 321. The limiting cylinder 320 drives the sleeve 310, the actuator cylinder 340, and the elastic cone 330 to move continuously along the axial direction of the anchor rod 110. At the same time, the second pull rope is pulled, and the tension of the second pull rope is transmitted to the actuator cylinder 340 through the second connecting ring 343. This tension overcomes the elastic force of the first compression spring 342, causing the end of the actuator cylinder 340 near the fastening end 120 to move axially relative to the elastic cone 330. The movement of the actuator cylinder 340 causes the connecting rod 350 to rotate, causing multiple connecting rods 350 to support the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330 outward, switching the expansion section from a contracted state to an expanded state. At this time, the cutting edge 331 fixed on the outer wall of the elastic cone 330 forms stable contact with the borehole wall.

[0048] During the process of the elastic cone 330 moving along the axial direction of the anchor rod 110, the cutting edge 331 forms a continuous relative motion with the borehole wall. The cutting edge 331 performs continuous wiping treatment on the borehole wall, which directly breaks the smooth mud skin structure formed on the surface of the borehole wall and improves the interfacial bonding strength between the borehole wall and the grout.

[0049] Furthermore, when the expansion section is in the expanded state, the outer wall of the elastic cone 330 fits tightly against the borehole wall. The supporting effect of the elastic cone 330 ensures that the anchor rod 110 is stably positioned at the center coaxial with the borehole. The centered positioning of the anchor rod 110 ensures that the thickness of the grout covering the anchor rod 110 is uniform. The uniformity of the grout thickness directly improves the forming quality of the anchor body and the overall anchoring performance, ensuring the long-term structural stability and reliability of the slope stabilization mechanism.

[0050] Understandably, the gap between the outer wall of the sleeve 310 and the elastic cone 330 can collect and accommodate some of the collapsed material, incompletely cleaned drill cuttings, and mud debris generated after the borehole wall is wiped clean. This prevents such impurities from flowing with the grout and mixing inside the grout, thereby preventing impurities from reducing the density and consolidation strength of the grout itself. It ensures a good interface bonding state between the grout, the anchor rod 110, and the borehole wall, and improves the overall stress performance and long-term stability of the anchoring structure.

[0051] In particular, the slope rock mass contains fracture structures with varying distribution patterns and irregular extension paths. The static pressure of the grouting body alone cannot fully fill and solidify these fracture structures. Therefore, the grouting channel inside the borehole into which the anchor bolt 110 is inserted is divided axially into multiple independent unit segments, each forming an independent grouting area.

[0052] Controlled by the tension of the first rope, the elastic cone 330 is positioned at the junction of adjacent unit sections as it moves axially along the anchor bolt 110. After the elastic cone 330 is positioned, the second rope is tightened further. The tension of the second rope drives the actuator 340 to move axially along the sleeve 310, and the connecting rod 350 further expands the elastic cone 330, causing its outer wall to fit tightly against the borehole wall, thus forming a completely sealed annular sealing surface inside the borehole. This annular sealing surface completely blocks the axial flow of the grout inside the borehole, achieving physical isolation between adjacent unit sections, and thus completing the segmented pressure-holding operation inside the borehole. At this time, continuous grouting operations can significantly increase the grouting pressure and filling density of the grout within each unit section, ensuring that the grout fully penetrates into various fracture structures inside the slope rock mass under high pressure, achieving complete filling and effective consolidation of the fracture structures, thereby improving the integrity and structural strength of the rock mass itself, and strengthening the overall anchoring effect between the grout, the rock mass and the anchor bolt 110.

[0053] After completing the pressure-holding grouting operation of one unit segment, part of the second pull rope is released. The actuator 340 resets under the elastic force of the first compression spring 342, and the connecting rod 350 retracts simultaneously, causing the elastic cone 330 to contract. The first pull rope is pulled again, causing the elastic cone 330 to move axially along the anchor bolt 110 to the preset position of the next unit segment. During the movement, the cutting edge 331 on the outer wall of the elastic cone 330 continuously wipes the surface of the borehole wall of the next unit segment.

[0054] Furthermore, when the grouting speed is high, air bubbles trapped inside the grout are easily blocked by the continuous threads 111 on the outer wall of the anchor rod 110, becoming stuck between the root groove of the continuous threads 111 and the outer circumferential surface of the anchor rod 110, and cannot be smoothly discharged upwards from the inside of the grout to the outside of the borehole. Long-term retention of air bubbles in the hardened grout will form continuously distributed bead-like pores. These pores directly reduce the density and integrity of the grout, weaken the effective bonding area between the grout and the anchor rod 110, and reduce the load-bearing capacity and long-term durability of the anchoring structure. Based on this, the moving component also includes a rotating structure and multiple baffles 313.

[0055] Specifically, the end of the limiting cylinder 320 extends outward in the circumferential direction with a first rotating block 322, and the sleeve 310 is provided with a first rotating groove 311 with its opening facing its own axis at the limiting protrusion. The first rotating block 322 is embedded in the first rotating groove 311 to achieve a stable rotating connection between the sleeve 310 and the limiting cylinder 320.

[0056] The end of the actuator 340 extends inward in the circumferential direction with a second rotating block. The outer wall of the mounting ring 341 is provided with a second rotating groove with the opening facing outward. The second rotating block is embedded in the second rotating groove to achieve a stable rotational connection between the actuator 340 and the mounting ring 341.

[0057] The rotating structure includes a spiral groove 312 and multiple sliding blocks 114. The spiral groove 312 is disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve 310, with its opening facing the axis of the sleeve 310. An anchor rod 110 is fixedly provided with an installation strip 113 along its own axis, and multiple sliding blocks 114 are uniformly fixedly disposed on the installation strip 113 along the axial direction of the anchor rod 110, and both the installation strip 113 and the multiple sliding blocks 114 can pass smoothly through the limiting cylinder 320. The spacing between adjacent sliding blocks 114 is such that at least one sliding block 114 is embedded in the spiral groove 312, and the multiple sliding blocks 114 maintain a continuous meshing relationship with the spiral groove 312, so that when the limiting cylinder 320 drives the sleeve 310 to move on the anchor rod 110, at least one sliding block 114 can drive the sleeve 310 to rotate stably around the anchor rod 110 through the spiral groove 312.

[0058] The turbulence-disrupting blades 313 are rigid plate-shaped structures. Multiple turbulence-disrupting blades 313 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the sleeve 310 and are all fixedly installed on the end face of the sleeve 310 facing the fastening end 120. When the sleeve 310 rotates under the meshing action of the sliding block 114 and the spiral groove 312, the turbulence-disrupting blades 313 can circumferentially disturb and turbulently mix the grout, break the laminar flow state inside the grout, push the air bubbles stuck at the root of the continuous thread 111 upward to release and discharge, reduce air bubble residue, improve the density and uniformity of the grout, and enhance the bonding reliability between the grout and the anchor rod 110 and the borehole wall, as well as the overall durability of the anchoring structure.

[0059] Furthermore, the partially collapsed material, incompletely cleaned drill cuttings, and mud debris generated after wiping the borehole wall easily adhere to the surface of the anchor bolt 110 with the flow of the grout, forming a weak envelope with high mud content, low density, and extremely poor bonding strength. This weak envelope lacks effective load-bearing capacity and interfacial bonding ability, cannot form a reliable stress-bearing section, reduces the effective force transmission efficiency between the anchor bolt 110 and the grout, and weakens the overall load-bearing performance and long-term stability of the anchoring structure.

[0060] Based on this, the moving component also includes a sealing ring 360. The sealing ring 360 is a rubber soft sleeve structure, and is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the limiting cylinder 320 away from the fastening end 120. The inner wall structure of the sealing ring 360 is consistent with the combined outer contour of the anchor rod 110 and the grouting pipe 210, which can completely seal the gap between the limiting cylinder 320 and the anchor rod 110, and the inner wall of the sealing ring 360 forms a tight sealing contact with the outer wall of the anchor rod 110. During the process of the limiting cylinder 320 moving along the axial direction of the anchor rod 110, the sealing ring 360 moves synchronously with the limiting cylinder 320. The inner wall of the sealing ring 360 continuously wipes and cleans the surface of the anchor rod 110, removing drill cuttings, mud debris, and soft encapsulations adhering to the surface of the anchor rod 110 in real time, ensuring that the surface of the anchor rod 110 is always in a clean and rough interface state. The clean surface of the anchor bolt 110 can effectively eliminate the stress defects caused by the weak inclusion, and significantly improve the interfacial bonding strength between the anchor bolt 110 and the grouting body and the overall anchoring reliability.

[0061] This invention also provides a slope construction process applied to the slope stabilization mechanism described in the above embodiments, comprising the following steps: S100, lower the anchor bolt 110 and the moving component to the preset position inside the borehole.

[0062] S110 ensures that the expansion section is in a contracted state, that is, the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330 is closed, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole. At the same time, ensure that components such as the sealing ring 360 and the sleeve 310 do not get stuck on the surface of the anchor rod 110.

[0063] S120, the fastening end 120 of the anchor rod 110 is placed into the borehole, and the anchor rod 110, the grouting pipe 210, and the sleeve 310, elastic cone 330, limiting cylinder 320, actuator cylinder 340 and sealing ring 360 set on the anchor rod 110 are slowly lowered to the preset depth at the bottom of the borehole by external force.

[0064] S130, after the anchor rod 110 is lowered to the bottom of the hole, an axial tensile force is applied to the anchor rod 110, causing the cone head 121 and the clamp 122 to move relative to each other, driving the clamp 122 to expand radially, so that its outer wall is pressed tightly against the hole wall at the bottom of the borehole, thus achieving the initial fixation of the anchor rod 110 fastening end 120.

[0065] S140, install end cap 131, ball 132 and fastening nut 133 at the borehole port. Adjust the angle of end cap 131 by ball 132 to make it fit tightly against the slope surface, and then tighten the fastening nut 133 to apply preload to end cap 131 to complete the sealing of the borehole port.

[0066] The S200 uses a moving component to wipe the borehole wall and remove mud.

[0067] S210, pull the second pull rope connected to the second connecting ring 343 to overcome the elastic force of the first compression spring 342 and drive the actuator 340 to move axially along the sleeve 310 toward the sealing end 130.

[0068] S220, the movement of the actuator 340 causes the large-diameter end of the elastic cone 330 to expand radially outward via the connecting rod 350 until the cutting edge 331 on the outer wall of the elastic cone 330 comes into close contact with the borehole wall. At this time, the expanding part switches from the contracted state to the expanded state.

[0069] S230, maintain the tension of the second pull rope to maintain the expanded state, and at the same time pull the first pull rope connected to the first connecting ring 321 to drive the limiting cylinder 320, sleeve 310 and elastic cone 330 in the expanded state to move continuously and stably along the axial direction of the anchor rod 110 toward the sealing end 130.

[0070] S240, during the movement, the cutting edge 331 continuously scrapes and wipes the borehole wall to break up the low-strength mud cake formed by the drilling operation and remove loose drill cuttings and collapses from the surface of the borehole wall.

[0071] S250 Meanwhile, during the movement, the sealing ring 360 will continuously wipe the surface of the anchor bolt 110 to remove attached impurities.

[0072] The S300 performs grouting operations simultaneously with borehole wall treatment and utilizes the expansion section to achieve segmented high-pressure grouting.

[0073] S310 delivers grout into the borehole through grouting pipe 210.

[0074] S320 When segmented grouting is required, according to the preset segment length, the elastic cone 330 in the expanded state is moved and stopped at the connection of two adjacent grouting unit segments by controlling the first pull rope.

[0075] S330, further tighten the second rope to make the actuator 340 continue to move, and further enhance the expansion force of the elastic cone 330 through the connecting rod 350, so that its outer wall forms a tight annular sealing surface with the borehole wall, thereby isolating two adjacent grouting unit sections.

[0076] S340, high-pressure grouting and air bubble discharge.

[0077] S341, grouting is carried out in the currently isolated unit segment. Because a closed space is formed, the grouting pressure can be increased, allowing the grout to fully penetrate into the fissures of the slope rock mass.

[0078] S342, during the grouting process, the sleeve 310 is controlled to move axially along the anchor rod 110 by the first pull rope. At this time, the spiral groove 312 on the inner wall of the sleeve 310 cooperates with the sliding block 114 on the anchor rod 110, driving the sleeve 310 to rotate around the anchor rod 110.

[0079] S343, the rotation of the sleeve 310 drives the turbulence blades 313 at its end to agitate the grouting body, break the laminar flow state, and cause the air bubbles stuck at the root of the continuous thread 111 of the anchor rod 110 to be released upward and discharged.

[0080] S350: After grouting of the current unit segment is completed, the second pull rope is partially released. The actuator 340 resets under the elastic force of the first compression spring 342, causing the elastic cone 330 to contract and release the seal. Then, the first pull rope is pulled again, causing the elastic cone 330 to move to the predetermined position of the next unit segment, and the operations of S320-S340 are repeated to perform the hole wall wiping and grouting operation of the next segment.

[0081] After completing all grouting operations, remove the mobile component from the S400.

[0082] S410, after the grouting of the last unit segment is completed, the second pull rope is completely released, so that the elastic cone 330 is completely retracted back to the initial state under the action of the first compression spring 342.

[0083] S420, the sleeve 310, elastic cone 330, limiting cylinder 320, actuator cylinder 340 and sealing ring 360 are pulled out of the borehole to the ground surface along the anchor rod 110 by the first pull rope.

[0084] S430 After the grout in the borehole reaches the design strength, the sealing end 130 of the anchor rod 110 can be finally tensioned and locked as needed to complete the stabilization construction of the entire slope.

[0085] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0086] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A slope stabilization mechanism, characterized in that, include: An anchor bolt, which is anchored within the borehole; Grouting pipe, which is installed on the anchor bolt, is used to deliver grout into the borehole; A movable component includes an expansion section and a drive structure; the expansion section is axially movable on the anchor bolt; the expansion section also has a contracted state that contracts radially along the anchor bolt and an expanded state that expands radially along the anchor bolt; the drive structure is used to drive the expansion section to move axially along the anchor bolt during grouting and to drive the expansion section to switch between the contracted state and the expanded state. When the expansion portion is in the contracted state, it is lowered into the borehole along with the anchor rod; when the expansion portion is in the expanded state, it can move axially on the anchor rod and contact the borehole wall to wipe the borehole wall.

2. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expansion portion includes a sleeve and an elastic cone; the sleeve is fitted onto the anchor rod; the elastic cone is fitted outside the sleeve, and the elastic cone has a small-diameter end and a large-diameter end along its own axis, with the small-diameter end fixedly connected to the sleeve; The driving structure includes a switching unit, which is used to drive the large-diameter end of the elastic cone to expand or contract radially.

3. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving structure further includes a first driving member, which is connected to the sleeve and is used to drive the sleeve to move axially along the anchor rod.

4. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switching unit includes an actuator, multiple connecting rods, and a second driving member. The actuator is sleeved on the sleeve and is axially movable along the sleeve. The multiple connecting rods are distributed circumferentially along the actuator, with one end of each connecting rod hinged to the actuator and the other end hinged to the large-diameter end of the elastic cone. The second driving member is connected to the actuator and is used to drive the actuator to move axially along the sleeve, thereby expanding or contracting the large-diameter end through the connecting rods.

5. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The switching unit further includes a first elastic element, which is disposed between the sleeve and the actuator. The first elastic element is used to apply an elastic force to the actuator to keep the large-diameter end of the elastic cone contracted.

6. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the large-diameter end of the elastic cone is fixedly provided with a plurality of cutting edges, which are used to wipe the hole wall of the drilled hole when the expansion part is in the expansion state and moves axially on the anchor rod.

7. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The moving component further includes a limiting cylinder, a rotating structure, and multiple turbulence-disrupting blades; the limiting cylinder is sleeved on the anchor rod and coaxially rotatably connected to the sleeve, and the first driving member drives the sleeve to move axially through the limiting cylinder; the rotating structure is used to drive the sleeve to rotate around the anchor rod when the sleeve moves axially; the multiple turbulence-disrupting blades are fixedly disposed at the end of the sleeve, and the turbulence-disrupting blades are used to agitate the injected grout when the sleeve rotates.

8. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rotating structure includes a spiral groove and multiple sliding blocks; the spiral groove is disposed on the inner wall of the sleeve; the multiple sliding blocks are fixedly disposed on the anchor rod along the axial direction, and at least one of the sliding blocks is embedded in the spiral groove; When the sleeve moves axially, the sliding block engages with the spiral groove to drive the sleeve to rotate around the anchor rod.

9. The slope stabilization mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The moving component also includes a sealing ring, which is coaxially fixedly connected to one end of the limiting cylinder. The inner wall of the sealing ring is in sealing contact with the outer wall of the anchor rod. The sealing ring is used to wipe the surface of the anchor rod when the limiting cylinder moves axially.

10. A slope construction process for implementing the slope stabilization mechanism according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100, the expanded portion in the contracted state is lowered into the borehole along with the anchor rod; S200, the expansion section is switched from the contracted state to the expanded state by the driving structure, so that the expansion section contacts the hole wall of the drilled hole; S300, during the grouting process, the expansion part in the expansion state is driven by the driving structure to move along the axial direction of the anchor rod to continuously wipe the borehole wall.

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