Surface consistency residual statics correction method, device, equipment, medium and product

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of petroleum geophysical exploration, in particular to a surface consistency residual static correction method, device, equipment, medium and product, wherein the method comprises: stacking CMP gathers to obtain CMP model traces; cross-correlating the CMP gathers and the CMP model traces to pick up reflection residual time differences; establishing a surface consistency model of the reflection residual time differences to obtain surface consistency residual static correction amounts; and the imaging quality of seismic data processing can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum geophysical exploration technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for surface consistency residual static correction. Background Technology

[0002] Travel time correction for irregular terrain and near-surface weathered layers is typically referred to as primary static correction. This correction eliminates most of the travel time distortion implicit in seismic data, especially long-wavelength anomalies. However, these corrections often do not account for the effects of factors such as the weathered layer basement and abrupt changes in weathered layer velocity. The "residual" travel time distortion after primary static correction is called the residual static correction problem, which needs to be addressed through residual static correction. However, related techniques are not robust in practical applications. This leads to a technical problem in seismic data processing: poor imaging quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for surface consistency residual static correction, which solves the technical problem of poor imaging quality in seismic data processing.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for residual static correction of surface consistency, the method comprising: superimposing CMP gathers to obtain CMP model traces; cross-correlating the CMP gathers and CMP model traces to pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves; establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves, and calculating the residual static correction amount of surface consistency.

[0005] In some embodiments, prior to the step of superimposing CMP gathers, the method further includes preprocessing the CMP gathers, wherein the preprocessing includes bandpass filtering and / or amplitude equalization.

[0006] In some embodiments, the step of cross-correlating the CMP gather with the CMP model gather to pick up the residual time difference of the reflected wave includes: cross-correlating the CMP gather with the CMP model gather to obtain the cross-correlation function curve of the reflected wave; and using a two-step method to pick up the residual time difference of the reflected wave from the cross-correlation function curve.

[0007] In some embodiments, the step of establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and obtaining the residual static correction of surface consistency includes: establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves; performing error estimation on the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of surface consistency; and solving the Gauss-Seidel equation to obtain the residual static correction of surface consistency.

[0008] In some embodiments, the step of estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation of the residual static correction of the surface consistency includes: estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves, setting the partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver point, construction term, and residual dynamic correction term to 0, and obtaining the Gauss-Seidel equation of the residual static correction of the surface consistency.

[0009] In some embodiments, the method further includes: applying a surface consistency residual static correction to the CMP gather, and performing a surface consistency residual static correction on the CMP gather.

[0010] Secondly, the present invention provides a surface consistency residual static correction device, the device comprising: a superposition module for superimposing CMP gathers to obtain CMP model traces; a picking module for cross-correlation between CMP gathers and CMP model traces to pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves; and an analysis module for establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and calculating the surface consistency residual static correction amount.

[0011] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any of the above-described methods for surface consistency residual static correction.

[0012] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described methods for surface consistency residual static correction.

[0013] Fifthly, the present invention provides a computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above-described methods for surface consistency residual static correction.

[0014] This invention provides a method, apparatus, device, medium, and product for surface consistency residual static correction. The method includes: stacking CMP gathers to obtain CMP model traces; cross-correlating the CMP gathers and CMP model traces to pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves; establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and calculating the surface consistency residual static correction amount; which can improve the imaging quality of seismic data processing. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings:

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a surface consistency residual static correction method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a residual static correction device for surface consistency provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the correlation curve generation between pre-stack CMP traces and model traces, provided as an application example of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of obtaining the remaining time difference using parabolic three-point interpolation is provided as an application example of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a residual static correction method for surface consistency, provided as an application example of the present invention.

[0021] In the accompanying drawings, the same parts are referred to by the same reference numerals, and the drawings are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention and to fully understand and implement the process of how the present invention uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve corresponding technical effects, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention and the various features therein can be combined with each other without conflict, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0024] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0025] Travel time correction for irregular terrain and near-surface weathered layers is typically referred to as primary static correction. This correction eliminates most of the travel time distortion implicit in seismic data, especially long-wavelength anomalies. However, these corrections often do not account for the effects of factors such as the weathered layer basement and abrupt changes in weathered layer velocity. The "residual" travel time distortion after primary static correction is called the residual static correction problem, which needs to be addressed through residual static correction. However, related techniques are not robust in practical applications. This leads to a technical problem in seismic data processing: poor imaging quality.

[0026] To address the technical problem of poor imaging quality in seismic data processing, this invention proposes a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and product for surface consistency residual static correction. The implementation details of this invention are described below for ease of understanding and are not essential for implementing this solution.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for residual static correction of surface consistency provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, a method for residual static correction of surface consistency is provided. The method includes: superimposing CMP gathers to obtain CMP model traces; cross-correlating the CMP gathers and CMP model traces to pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves; establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves, and calculating the residual static correction amount of surface consistency.

[0029] In the seismic data processing of oil exploration, there is often a problem of poor imaging quality, such as insufficient energy of the reflected wave phase axis and unclear formation imaging. There are technical problems in this field that can improve the imaging quality of seismic data processing.

[0030] In this embodiment, the CMP gathers are first stacked. CMP gathers, or common center point gathers, are formed by combining seismic traces with a common center point during seismic data acquisition. Through stacking, the effective signals from each seismic trace are integrated and enhanced to obtain the CMP model trace. Then, the CMP gathers and CMP model traces are cross-correlated. Cross-correlation is a method to measure the similarity between two signals; here, it's used to find the correlation between them and thus extract the residual time difference of reflected waves. The residual time difference of reflected waves refers to the difference between the travel time of a reflected wave observed at a certain reflection layer and its normal travel time. Finally, a surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves is established. Surface consistency means that the static correction depends only on the time delay of the shot point and receiver location, and is independent of the ray path. Based on this model, the surface consistency residual static correction is calculated. This amount plays an important role in subsequent seismic data correction and improving imaging quality. This process addresses the problem of poor imaging quality.

[0031] The technical solution of this embodiment first rationally overlays the CMP gathers, integrating the signals and highlighting the effective information. Then, it accurately picks up the residual time difference of reflected waves using cross-correlation, enabling the subsequent establishment of a suitable surface consistency model based on accurate time difference data. The residual static correction for surface consistency obtained from this model can accurately correct for deviations in seismic data. For example, in actual oil exploration areas, seismic reflection phase axes are usually blurry and their energy is dispersed. After processing by the technical solution of this embodiment, the energy of the phase axes begins to converge, becoming clearer and more discernible. The imaging effect of the strata is significantly improved, and some previously difficult-to-distinguish stratigraphic structures gradually become clearly displayed. This helps exploration personnel to more accurately analyze underground geological structures, providing more reliable data support for subsequent work such as determining the location of oil and gas resources, greatly improving the imaging quality of seismic data processing, and making it more in line with actual exploration needs.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] Based on the above embodiments, before the step of superimposing CMP gathers, the method further includes: preprocessing the CMP gathers, wherein the preprocessing includes bandpass filtering and / or amplitude equalization.

[0034] In the processing of seismic data in oil exploration, the original CMP gathers often suffer from problems such as noise interference and amplitude differences. These problems can affect subsequent data analysis and imaging quality. There are technical issues in this field about how to improve the data quality of CMP gathers.

[0035] In this embodiment, a preprocessing step is introduced before the CMP gather overlay step. Preprocessing includes bandpass filtering and amplitude equalization. Bandpass filtering is a technique for filtering signals based on frequency range, allowing valid signals within a specific frequency range to pass while filtering out noise and other interference signals at other frequencies, thereby suppressing noise and improving signal purity. Amplitude equalization addresses situations where the amplitude of the gather data varies significantly across different time periods. Through appropriate algorithms, the amplitude is adjusted to be relatively uniform across different time periods, avoiding adverse effects on subsequent cross-correlation operations due to excessive amplitude differences. This improves the data quality of the CMP gather and lays a good foundation for subsequent operations such as overlaying to obtain higher-quality CMP model gathers. For example, in a specific oil exploration area, the raw CMP gather data may contain significant noise, with amplitudes fluctuating wildly in some time periods. After the preprocessing in this embodiment, the data is significantly improved, making subsequent processing easier.

[0036] The technical solution in this embodiment effectively removes various noises mixed in with the CMP gather by using bandpass filtering. For example, random environmental noise and instrument-specific electrical noise are effectively filtered out, making the signal characteristics more distinct and easier to identify and analyze. Amplitude equalization further stabilizes and regularizes the amplitude of the entire gather data, preventing distortion of the cross-correlation curve caused by amplitude issues. When the preprocessed CMP gathers are subsequently superimposed to obtain the CMP model gather, the improved input data quality results in a more accurate and reliable model gather, better reflecting characteristics such as the continuity of the reflected wave phase axis. In practical applications, for subsequent operations such as residual time difference picking, the improved data quality leads to more accurate time difference picking, making the entire surface consistency residual static correction process more accurate and effective. Ultimately, this improves the overall quality of seismic data processing, providing better data support for accurately understanding underground geological conditions in oil exploration.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] Based on the above embodiments, the step of cross-correlating the CMP gather with the CMP model gather to pick up the remaining time difference of the reflected wave includes: cross-correlating the CMP gather with the CMP model gather to obtain the cross-correlation function curve of the reflected wave; and using a two-step method to pick up the remaining time difference of the reflected wave from the cross-correlation function curve.

[0039] In the process of processing seismic data for oil exploration, when performing cross-correlation operations between CMP gathers and CMP model traces, there are technical issues regarding how to accurately pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves. Inaccurate picking can affect subsequent correction work and imaging quality.

[0040] In this embodiment, the CMP gather and CMP model gather are first cross-correlated. This cross-correlation operation generates a cross-correlation function curve for the reflected wave, reflecting the alignment between the CMP gather and the model gather under different time shifts. However, due to the discrete sampling characteristic of the cross-correlation curve in the time domain, the extreme points picked directly on the cross-correlation function sequence are often not the actual extreme points; the actual extreme points are mostly non-integer sampling intervals. Therefore, a two-step method is used to pick the remaining time difference of the reflected wave. The first step is to preliminarily determine the range of remaining time difference values ​​by searching the correlation function curve, identifying the possible time difference intervals. Then, a more accurate remaining time difference is obtained through a three-point parabolic interpolation function. This interpolation method can overcome the limitations of discrete sampling and more accurately find the time difference corresponding to the actual extreme points, thereby achieving accurate picking of the remaining time difference of the reflected wave. For example, in a specific oil exploration project, the time difference picked by the conventional method has a certain deviation, while the two-step method can significantly improve the accuracy of picking.

[0041] The technical solution in this embodiment utilizes a two-step method to pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves. The first step, retrieving the relevant function curve to determine the value range, effectively narrows the range for finding accurate time differences, avoiding blindly searching for extreme points throughout the curve and reducing the possibility of misjudgment due to discrete sampling. The subsequent three-point parabolic interpolation function, based on the curve characteristics and existing discrete sampling points, reasonably calculates the time difference corresponding to the actual extreme points, making the picked residual time difference of reflected waves closer to the true value. In practical applications of seismic data processing in petroleum exploration, accurate residual time difference picking means that the data used to build the surface consistency model is more accurate and reliable. It also leads to more accurate calculation of the residual static correction for surface consistency. Furthermore, when applying the correction to CMP gathers for correction, it can more effectively correct deviations in the seismic data, resulting in more accurate alignment of the reflected wave phase axes, clearer stratigraphic imaging, and improved accuracy and reliability of the entire seismic data processing. This provides strong data support for petroleum exploration personnel to better analyze underground geological structures.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] Based on the above embodiments, the steps of establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and obtaining the residual static correction amount of surface consistency include: establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves; performing error estimation on the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction amount of surface consistency; and solving the Gauss-Seidel equation to obtain the residual static correction amount of surface consistency.

[0044] In the processing of seismic data for oil exploration, a key technical problem is how to establish a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and accurately obtain the residual static correction amount of surface consistency, because this is directly related to whether seismic data can be effectively corrected and imaging quality improved. Such technical problems in this field urgently need to be solved.

[0045] In this embodiment, the technical solution first establishes a surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves. Surface consistency here is manifested in the fact that the static correction depends only on the time delay of the shot point and receiver location, and is independent of the ray path. Based on this theoretical premise and the actual seismic data, a corresponding model is constructed, and the residual time difference of reflected waves is correlated with it. Next, error estimation is performed on the surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves. Error estimation measures the degree of deviation between the model and the actual situation. This deviation is analyzed using a reasonable method. Here, the partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver, structural term, and residual dynamic correction term are set to 0 to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of surface consistency. The Gauss-Seidel equation is a tool for iterative solution. Finally, solving this Gauss-Seidel equation yields the residual static correction of surface consistency. For example, in the data processing of a certain oil exploration area, following this process step by step, a suitable model is constructed and the equation is accurately derived, thereby solving for the required correction amount, preparing for subsequent correction of seismic data.

[0046] The technical solution in this embodiment first establishes a scientifically sound surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves, providing a solid theoretical basis for subsequent analysis and calculations. This model accurately reflects the problems existing in the seismic data and their relationship with correction quantities. In the process of deriving the Gauss-Seidel equations by estimating errors and setting partial derivatives to zero, the influence of various factors such as shot points, receiver points, structural terms, and residual dynamic correction terms on errors is fully considered, making the equations more closely reflect the actual data situation and improving their accuracy and reliability. The residual static correction quantity for surface consistency obtained by solving the Gauss-Seidel equations can accurately correct deviations such as residual time difference in CMP gathers. When applied to seismic data processing in oil exploration, this allows for better alignment of previously biased reflected wave phase axes, significantly improving the quality of stratigraphic imaging. Previously blurred underground geological structures are clearly revealed, providing accurate reference for subsequent exploration work such as determining oil and gas reservoir locations, ensuring the smooth progress of oil exploration and the reliability of analysis results.

[0047] Example 5

[0048] Based on the above embodiments, the step of estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation of the residual static correction of the surface consistency includes: estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves, setting the partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver point, structure term, and residual dynamic correction term to 0, and obtaining the Gauss-Seidel equation of the residual static correction of the surface consistency.

[0049] In the seismic data processing stage of oil exploration, the Gauss-Seidel equation for estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and obtaining the residual static correction of the surface consistency is a relatively complex and critical step. There is a technical problem of how to estimate the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of the surface consistency, which directly affects whether the correction can be accurately obtained and the effect of seismic data processing.

[0050] In this embodiment, when estimating the error of a surface consistency model based on the residual time difference of reflected waves, multiple key factors need to be considered, namely, the shot point, receiver point, structural term, and residual dynamic correction term. Error estimation measures the degree of difference between the model and actual seismic data. Through rigorous analysis, the partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver point, structural term, and residual dynamic correction term are made equal to zero. Factors such as the location of the shot point and receiver point directly affect the static correction amount. The structural term reflects the structural changes along the reflecting layer, and the residual dynamic correction term is also related to the dynamic correction. By incorporating these factors into the error analysis and deriving the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of surface consistency by finding the partial derivatives to be zero, the error estimation can be derived. For example, in a specific oil exploration data processing scenario, following this approach and operation, the error estimation is accurately performed and the corresponding equation is successfully obtained, laying the foundation for subsequent solutions to the correction amount.

[0051] The technical solution in this embodiment comprehensively and meticulously considers various factors such as shot point, receiver point, structural terms, and residual dynamic correction terms when estimating the error of the surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves. This avoids the problem of inaccurate error estimation caused by focusing on only a single factor, making the error estimation more closely reflect the complex situation of actual seismic data. Setting the partial derivatives of the error to zero for these key terms represents finding a reasonable balance and optimal solution, ensuring that the derived Gauss-Seidel equation accurately reflects the relationships between various factors and their correlation with the correction amount. In practical applications of seismic data processing in petroleum exploration, solving for the residual static correction amount based on this accurate equation ensures the accuracy of the correction amount. Furthermore, when applying the correction amount to CMP gathers for correction, it allows for more precise adjustment of deviations in the seismic data, resulting in more regular reflected wave phase axes and clearer stratigraphic imaging. This helps exploration personnel more clearly identify underground geological structural features, providing high-quality data support for subsequent work such as determining oil and gas resource distribution, and improving the efficiency and accuracy of the entire petroleum exploration operation.

[0052] Example 6

[0053] Based on the above embodiments, the method further includes: applying the surface consistency residual static correction to the CMP gather, and performing surface consistency residual static correction on the CMP gather.

[0054] In the process of processing seismic data for oil exploration, after obtaining the residual static correction for surface consistency, the key is to accurately and effectively apply it to the CMP gather to achieve residual static correction for surface consistency of the CMP gather. There is a technical problem in this field of how to perform residual static correction for surface consistency of CMP gather, which is related to whether the imaging quality of seismic data processing can be improved.

[0055] In this embodiment, after obtaining the surface consistency residual static correction, it is applied to the CMP gather. For any pre-stack CMP gather, there are corresponding shot points and receiver points. First, the residual correction amount for the corresponding shot point is found in the surface consistency residual static correction data table, and the residual correction amount for the receiver point is also found. Then, the residual correction amounts for the shot point and receiver point are combined into a time shift. This time shift is the key data used to correct the current pre-stack CMP gather. Finally, the combined time shift is applied to the current pre-stack CMP gather. In this way, the surface consistency residual static correction for the entire CMP gather is completed. For example, in a certain oil exploration area, following these steps, the obtained correction amount is accurately applied to the corresponding gather to achieve data correction processing.

[0056] The technical solution of this embodiment, by accurately locating and synthesizing time shifts according to the above process and then applying them to CMP gathers, ensures that each pre-stack CMP trace is accurately corrected based on the correction values ​​of its corresponding shot point and receiver point. In practical applications of seismic data processing in petroleum exploration, this effectively eliminates deviations such as residual time difference caused by near-surface irregularities in seismic data, allowing for better energy concentration of the reflected wave phase axis. The originally blurred and discontinuous reflected wave phase axis becomes clear and continuous, significantly improving the formation imaging effect. This enables a more intuitive and accurate representation of underground geological structures, providing a clear and reliable data foundation for petroleum exploration personnel to determine formation structure and analyze the location of oil and gas resources. This greatly improves the quality and practical application value of petroleum exploration seismic data processing, ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent exploration work and the scientific nature of decision-making.

[0057] Example 7

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a residual static correction device for surface consistency provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, in the technical solution of this embodiment, a surface consistency residual static correction device is provided. The device includes: a superposition module for superimposing CMP gathers to obtain CMP model traces; a picking module for cross-correlation between CMP gathers and CMP model traces to pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves; and a parsing module for establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and calculating the surface consistency residual static correction amount.

[0059] In the seismic data processing of oil exploration, there is often a problem of poor imaging quality, such as insufficient energy of the reflected wave phase axis and unclear formation imaging. There are technical problems in this field that can improve the imaging quality of seismic data processing.

[0060] In this embodiment, the CMP gathers are first stacked. CMP gathers, or common center point gathers, are formed by combining seismic traces with a common center point during seismic data acquisition. Through stacking, the effective signals from each seismic trace are integrated and enhanced to obtain the CMP model trace. Then, the CMP gathers and CMP model traces are cross-correlated. Cross-correlation is a device for measuring the similarity between two signals; here, it's used to find the correlation between them and thus extract the residual time difference of reflected waves. The residual time difference of reflected waves refers to the difference between the travel time of a reflected wave observed at a certain reflection layer and its normal travel time. Finally, a surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves is established. Surface consistency means that the static correction depends only on the time delay of the shot point and receiver location, and is independent of the ray path. Based on this model, the surface consistency residual static correction is calculated. This amount plays a crucial role in subsequent seismic data correction and improving imaging quality. This process addresses the problem of poor imaging quality.

[0061] The technical solution of this embodiment first rationally overlays the CMP gathers, integrating the signals and highlighting the effective information. Then, it accurately picks up the residual time difference of reflected waves using cross-correlation, enabling the subsequent establishment of a suitable surface consistency model based on accurate time difference data. The residual static correction for surface consistency obtained from this model can accurately correct for deviations in seismic data. For example, in actual oil exploration areas, seismic reflection phase axes are usually blurry and their energy is dispersed. After processing by the technical solution of this embodiment, the energy of the phase axes begins to converge, becoming clearer and more discernible. The imaging effect of the strata is significantly improved, and some previously difficult-to-distinguish stratigraphic structures gradually become clearly displayed. This helps exploration personnel to more accurately analyze underground geological structures, providing more reliable data support for subsequent work such as determining the location of oil and gas resources, greatly improving the imaging quality of seismic data processing, and making it more in line with actual exploration needs.

[0062] Based on the above embodiments, before the step of superimposing CMP gathers, the apparatus further includes: preprocessing the CMP gathers, wherein the preprocessing includes bandpass filtering and / or amplitude equalization.

[0063] In the processing of seismic data in oil exploration, the original CMP gathers often suffer from problems such as noise interference and amplitude differences. These problems can affect subsequent data analysis and imaging quality. There are technical issues in this field about how to improve the data quality of CMP gathers.

[0064] In this embodiment, a preprocessing step is introduced before the CMP gather overlay step. Preprocessing includes bandpass filtering and amplitude equalization. Bandpass filtering is a technique for filtering signals based on frequency range, allowing valid signals within a specific frequency range to pass while filtering out noise and other interference signals at other frequencies, thereby suppressing noise and improving signal purity. Amplitude equalization addresses situations where the amplitude of the gather data varies significantly across different time periods. Through appropriate algorithms, the amplitude is adjusted to be relatively uniform across different time periods, avoiding adverse effects on subsequent cross-correlation operations due to excessive amplitude differences. This improves the data quality of the CMP gather and lays a good foundation for subsequent operations such as overlaying to obtain higher-quality CMP model gathers. For example, in a specific oil exploration area, the raw CMP gather data may contain significant noise, with amplitudes fluctuating wildly in some time periods. After the preprocessing in this embodiment, the data is significantly improved, making subsequent processing easier.

[0065] The technical solution in this embodiment effectively removes various noises mixed in with the CMP gather by using bandpass filtering. For example, random environmental noise and instrument-specific electrical noise are effectively filtered out, making the signal characteristics more distinct and easier to identify and analyze. Amplitude equalization further stabilizes and regularizes the amplitude of the entire gather data, preventing distortion of the cross-correlation curve caused by amplitude issues. When the preprocessed CMP gathers are subsequently superimposed to obtain the CMP model gather, the improved input data quality results in a more accurate and reliable model gather, better reflecting characteristics such as the continuity of the reflected wave phase axis. In practical applications, for subsequent operations such as residual time difference picking, the improved data quality leads to more accurate time difference picking, making the entire surface consistency residual static correction process more accurate and effective. Ultimately, this improves the overall quality of seismic data processing, providing better data support for accurately understanding underground geological conditions in oil exploration.

[0066] Based on the above embodiments, the step of cross-correlating the CMP gather with the CMP model gather to pick up the remaining time difference of the reflected wave includes: cross-correlating the CMP gather with the CMP model gather to obtain the cross-correlation function curve of the reflected wave; and using a two-step method to pick up the remaining time difference of the reflected wave from the cross-correlation function curve.

[0067] In the process of processing seismic data for oil exploration, when performing cross-correlation operations between CMP gathers and CMP model traces, there are technical issues regarding how to accurately pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves. Inaccurate picking can affect subsequent correction work and imaging quality.

[0068] In this embodiment, the CMP gather and CMP model gather are first cross-correlated. This cross-correlation operation generates a cross-correlation function curve for the reflected wave, reflecting the alignment between the CMP gather and the model gather under different time shifts. However, due to the discrete sampling characteristic of the cross-correlation curve in the time domain, the extreme points picked directly on the cross-correlation function sequence are often not the actual extreme points; the actual extreme points are mostly non-integer sampling intervals. Therefore, a two-step method is used to pick the remaining time difference of the reflected wave. The first step is to preliminarily determine the range of remaining time difference values ​​by searching the correlation function curve, identifying possible time difference intervals. Then, a more accurate remaining time difference is obtained through a three-point parabolic interpolation function. Using this interpolation device, the limitations of discrete sampling can be overcome, and the time difference corresponding to the actual extreme points can be found more accurately, thereby achieving accurate picking of the remaining time difference of the reflected wave. For example, in a specific oil exploration project, the time difference picked by conventional devices has a certain deviation, while the two-step method can significantly improve the picking accuracy.

[0069] The technical solution in this embodiment utilizes a two-step method to pick up the residual time difference of reflected waves. The first step, retrieving the relevant function curve to determine the value range, effectively narrows the range for finding accurate time differences, avoiding blindly searching for extreme points throughout the curve and reducing the possibility of misjudgment due to discrete sampling. The subsequent three-point parabolic interpolation function, based on the curve characteristics and existing discrete sampling points, reasonably calculates the time difference corresponding to the actual extreme points, making the picked residual time difference of reflected waves closer to the true value. In practical applications of seismic data processing in petroleum exploration, accurate residual time difference picking means that the data used to build the surface consistency model is more accurate and reliable. It also leads to more accurate calculation of the residual static correction for surface consistency. Furthermore, when applying the correction to CMP gathers for correction, it can more effectively correct deviations in the seismic data, resulting in more accurate alignment of the reflected wave phase axes, clearer stratigraphic imaging, and improved accuracy and reliability of the entire seismic data processing. This provides strong data support for petroleum exploration personnel to better analyze underground geological structures.

[0070] Based on the above embodiments, the steps of establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and obtaining the residual static correction amount of surface consistency include: establishing a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves; performing error estimation on the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction amount of surface consistency; and solving the Gauss-Seidel equation to obtain the residual static correction amount of surface consistency.

[0071] In the processing of seismic data for oil exploration, a key technical problem is how to establish a surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and accurately obtain the residual static correction amount of surface consistency, because this is directly related to whether seismic data can be effectively corrected and imaging quality improved. Such technical problems in this field urgently need to be solved.

[0072] In this embodiment, the technical solution first establishes a surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves. Surface consistency here is manifested in the fact that the static correction depends only on the time delay of the shot point and receiver location, and is independent of the ray path. Based on this theoretical premise and the actual seismic data, a corresponding model is constructed, and the residual time difference of reflected waves is correlated with it. Next, error estimation is performed on the surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves. Error estimation measures the degree of deviation between the model and the actual situation. This deviation is analyzed using appropriate equipment. Here, the partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver, structural term, and residual dynamic correction term are equal to 0, resulting in the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of surface consistency. The Gauss-Seidel equation is a tool for iterative solution. Finally, solving this Gauss-Seidel equation yields the residual static correction of surface consistency. For example, in the data processing of a certain oil exploration area, following this process step by step, a suitable model is constructed and the equation is accurately derived, thereby solving for the required correction amount, preparing for subsequent correction of seismic data.

[0073] The technical solution in this embodiment first establishes a scientifically sound surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves, providing a solid theoretical basis for subsequent analysis and calculations. This model accurately reflects the problems existing in the seismic data and their relationship with correction quantities. In the process of deriving the Gauss-Seidel equations by estimating errors and setting partial derivatives to zero, the influence of various factors such as shot points, receiver points, structural terms, and residual dynamic correction terms on errors is fully considered, making the equations more closely reflect the actual data situation and improving their accuracy and reliability. The residual static correction quantity for surface consistency obtained by solving the Gauss-Seidel equations can accurately correct deviations such as residual time difference in CMP gathers. When applied to seismic data processing in oil exploration, this allows for better alignment of previously biased reflected wave phase axes, significantly improving the quality of stratigraphic imaging. Previously blurred underground geological structures are clearly revealed, providing accurate reference for subsequent exploration work such as determining oil and gas reservoir locations, ensuring the smooth progress of oil exploration and the reliability of analysis results.

[0074] Based on the above embodiments, the step of estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation of the residual static correction of the surface consistency includes: estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves, setting the partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver point, structure term, and residual dynamic correction term to 0, and obtaining the Gauss-Seidel equation of the residual static correction of the surface consistency.

[0075] In the seismic data processing stage of oil exploration, the Gauss-Seidel equation for estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and obtaining the residual static correction of the surface consistency is a relatively complex and critical step. There is a technical problem of how to estimate the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of reflected waves and obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of the surface consistency, which directly affects whether the correction can be accurately obtained and the effect of seismic data processing.

[0076] In this embodiment, when estimating the error of a surface consistency model based on the residual time difference of reflected waves, multiple key factors need to be considered, namely, the shot point, receiver point, structural term, and residual dynamic correction term. Error estimation measures the degree of difference between the model and actual seismic data. Through rigorous analysis, the partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver point, structural term, and residual dynamic correction term are set to zero. Factors such as the location of the shot point and receiver point directly affect the static correction, the structural term reflects the structural changes along the reflecting layer, and the residual dynamic correction term is also related to the dynamic correction. By incorporating these factors into the error analysis and deriving the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of surface consistency by setting the partial derivatives to zero, the error estimation can be derived. For example, in a specific oil exploration data processing scenario, following this approach and operation, error estimation is accurately performed and the corresponding equation is successfully obtained, laying the foundation for subsequent solutions to the correction.

[0077] The technical solution in this embodiment comprehensively and meticulously considers various factors such as shot point, receiver point, structural terms, and residual dynamic correction terms when estimating the error of the surface consistency model for the residual time difference of reflected waves. This avoids the problem of inaccurate error estimation caused by focusing on only a single factor, making the error estimation more closely reflect the complex situation of actual seismic data. Setting the partial derivatives of the error to zero for these key terms represents finding a reasonable balance and optimal solution, ensuring that the derived Gauss-Seidel equation accurately reflects the relationships between various factors and their correlation with the correction amount. In practical applications of seismic data processing in petroleum exploration, solving for the residual static correction amount based on this accurate equation ensures the accuracy of the correction amount. Furthermore, when applying the correction amount to CMP gathers for correction, it allows for more precise adjustment of deviations in the seismic data, resulting in more regular reflected wave phase axes and clearer stratigraphic imaging. This helps exploration personnel more clearly identify underground geological structural features, providing high-quality data support for subsequent work such as determining oil and gas resource distribution, and improving the efficiency and accuracy of the entire petroleum exploration operation.

[0078] Based on the above embodiments, the apparatus further includes: applying the surface consistency residual static correction amount to the CMP gather, and performing surface consistency residual static correction on the CMP gather.

[0079] In the process of processing seismic data for oil exploration, after obtaining the residual static correction for surface consistency, the key is to accurately and effectively apply it to the CMP gather to achieve residual static correction for surface consistency of the CMP gather. There is a technical problem in this field of how to perform residual static correction for surface consistency of CMP gather, which is related to whether the imaging quality of seismic data processing can be improved.

[0080] In this embodiment, after obtaining the surface consistency residual static correction, it is applied to the CMP gather. For any pre-stack CMP gather, there are corresponding shot points and receiver points. First, the residual correction amount for the corresponding shot point is found in the surface consistency residual static correction data table, and the residual correction amount for the receiver point is also found. Then, the residual correction amounts for the shot point and receiver point are combined into a time shift. This time shift is the key data used to correct the current pre-stack CMP gather. Finally, the combined time shift is applied to the current pre-stack CMP gather. In this way, the surface consistency residual static correction for the entire CMP gather is completed. For example, in a certain oil exploration area, following these steps, the obtained correction amount is accurately applied to the corresponding gather to achieve data correction processing.

[0081] The technical solution of this embodiment, by accurately locating and synthesizing time shifts according to the above process and then applying them to CMP gathers, ensures that each pre-stack CMP trace is accurately corrected based on the correction values ​​of its corresponding shot point and receiver point. In practical applications of seismic data processing in petroleum exploration, this effectively eliminates deviations such as residual time difference caused by near-surface irregularities in seismic data, allowing for better energy concentration of the reflected wave phase axis. The originally blurred and discontinuous reflected wave phase axis becomes clear and continuous, significantly improving the formation imaging effect. This enables a more intuitive and accurate representation of underground geological structures, providing a clear and reliable data foundation for petroleum exploration personnel to determine formation structure and analyze the location of oil and gas resources. This greatly improves the quality and practical application value of petroleum exploration seismic data processing, ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent exploration work and the scientific nature of decision-making.

[0082] Example 8

[0083] In the technical solution of this embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any of the above embodiments of the surface consistency residual static correction method.

[0084] In the technical solution of this embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of any of the above embodiments of the surface consistency residual static correction method.

[0085] In the technical solution of this embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above embodiments of the surface consistency residual static correction method.

[0086] The processor may include, but is not limited to, one or more processors or microprocessors. Each processor may be implemented as an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Digital Signal Processing Device (DSPD), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or other electronic component, for performing the methods in the above embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, and may include, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, computer storage media (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, solid-state drive, removable disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, Blu-ray disc, etc.).

[0087] Computer-readable storage media may also store at least one computer-executable program / instruction, such as computer-readable instructions. Computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. Computer-readable storage media may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. For example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may be connected to a computing device such as a computer, and then, when the computing device executes the computer-readable instructions stored on the computer-readable storage medium, the various methods described above can be performed.

[0088] In addition, the computer device may also include (but is not limited to) a data bus, an input / output (I / O) bus, a display, and input / output devices (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, speakers, etc.). The processor can communicate with external devices via the I / O bus through a wired or wireless network. In one embodiment, the at least one computer-executable instruction may also be compiled into or comprise a software product / computer program product, wherein one or more computer-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, perform the steps of the various functions and / or methods in the embodiments described herein.

[0089] Example 9

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides an application example.

[0091] This application example provides a surface consistency residual static correction method based on the travel time decomposition method. This invention belongs to the research of petroleum geophysical exploration technology within the field of earth sciences.

[0092] The travel time of reflected waves is often affected by irregular surface conditions. This is reflected in single-shot records as a significant deviation of the reflected wave from the normal hyperbolic time difference pattern. Although this time difference can sometimes be caused by the complex structure of deep subsurface interfaces, in most cases, the irregularity of the near-surface has the main influence.

[0093] For land data, the travel time of reflected waves is corrected to a unified reference plane. This correction typically requires adjusting the elevations of the shot point and receiver, as well as the near-surface regolith. The aforementioned travel time corrections for irregular terrain and the near-surface regolith are usually referred to as primary static corrections. This correction eliminates most of the travel time distortion implicit in the seismic data, especially long-wavelength anomalies. However, these corrections often do not account for the effects of factors such as the regolith basement and abrupt changes in regolith velocity. The "residual" travel time distortion after primary static correction is called the residual static correction problem, which needs to be addressed through residual static correction.

[0094] To eliminate near-surface distortion in reflection time at deep reflective interfaces, some techniques involve lowering the positions of shot and receiver points along a vertical ray path from the surface to a reference plane below the weathered layer. This correction of shot and receiver points along the vertical ray path to the reference plane is called surface-consistent static time correction. "Static" means that for any seismic trace, there exists only one time travel constant, and "surface consistency" means that the correction amount is uniquely determined only by the corresponding surface positions of the shot and receiver points—the aforementioned surface-consistent residual static correction. Eliminating time distortion caused by abrupt changes near the surface helps obtain more accurate subsurface structural imaging, improves the continuity of reflective interfaces, and helps eliminate false structures.

[0095] Some technical solutions involve an improved method for residual static correction of surface consistency, including the following steps: labeling multiple contiguous data blocks separately; performing residual static correction processing on each block according to its respective acquisition grid; recording the shot point and receiver point headers used for calculating the residual static correction amount using two idle traces; gridding the multiple data blocks according to a unified grid; overwriting the shot point and receiver point headers used for calculating the residual static correction amount with previously re-edited sequence numbers; and performing contiguous fusion residual static correction processing to achieve contiguous fusion residual static correction. This patent innovates the residual static correction processing steps for contiguous data but does not involve innovation in the residual static correction algorithm itself. In actual production, it only represents one residual static correction amount scheme.

[0096] Some technical solutions involve a residual static correction method and system. This method may include: performing dynamic correction processing based on common center point gather data to obtain dynamically corrected common center point gather data and a stacking profile; performing a first residual static correction process based on the dynamically corrected common center point gather data to obtain first residual static corrected common center point gather data and a stacking profile; generating an external model of the common center point gather data based on the first residual static corrected common center point gather data and the stacking profile; and performing a second residual static correction process based on the external model of the common center point gather data to obtain second residual static corrected common center point gather data and a stacking profile. The main innovation of this technical solution lies in optimizing the residual static correction processing flow; however, it does not involve the specific implementation details of the key algorithmic steps of residual static correction.

[0097] Some technical solutions disclose a method for calculating residual static correction for surface consistency. This method includes: Step 1: Data preprocessing, dividing all CMP gather data into multiple subsets and storing them; Step 2: In a Spark cluster environment, using the subset data as input to an RDD, and calculating the model trace RDD from these subsets; Step 3: Obtaining the residual static correction by cross-correlation between the model trace and the CMP gather; Step 4: Repeating steps 2-3 until the maximum number of iterations is reached; finally, outputting the final residual static correction, thus completing the calculation. This method improves upon the traditional block-based serial processing of residual static correction, enhancing the algorithm's ability to support massive amounts of data and its processing efficiency. The innovation of this technical solution lies in describing the implementation of the surface consistency residual static correction based on the maximum energy method using Spark data flow, which improves the algorithm's ability to support massive data and its processing efficiency. However, the calculation of the static correction of shot points and receiver points in this technical solution uses the direct reduction of cross-correlation results. This method is prone to changes in the construction terms, introducing additional errors to the residual static correction, and its effect is not robust in actual production.

[0098] To address this issue, the present invention proposes a novel surface consistency residual static correction method, which solves the technical problem of poor imaging in existing seismic data processing techniques.

[0099] The purpose of this invention is to propose a surface consistency residual static correction method based on travel time decomposition, which is used to solve the technical problem of residual static correction of complex surface data and improve the imaging effect of seismic data processing.

[0100] For gathers that deviate from the normal hyperbolic travel time trajectory, after dynamic correction, waveforms misaligned at a certain reflection layer will result in a poor-quality superimposed trace in the CMP gather. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the deviation from the perfect alignment time and then perform alignment correction. Thus, a deviation time correction model needs to be established from the shot point to the reflection point and then to the receiver point. This deviation time correction model is based on the surface consistency assumption, i.e., the residual static correction has surface consistency, meaning that the static correction amount depends only on the time delay of the shot point and receiver point positions and is independent of the ray path. Without considering the distance between the shot point and receiver point, this assumption holds true for all near-surface ray paths that are perpendicular. In actual seismic data acquisition, due to the relatively low velocity of the regolith layer, the ray path incident from the basement onto the regolith layer is approximately perpendicular; therefore, the aforementioned surface consistency assumption is generally satisfied.

[0101] The surface consistency residual static correction method proposed in this invention consists of five main steps: S1) CMP gather preprocessing; S2) CMP model trace construction; S3) Residual time difference picking of reflected waves; S4) Calculation of surface consistency residual static correction; S5) Application of surface consistency residual static correction.

[0102] S1) CMP gather preprocessing:

[0103] The determination of the residual static correction for surface consistency should be based on the pre-stack gather of the Common Mid-Point (CMP) after Normal Moveout Correction (NMO). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the input CMP gather affects the accuracy of reflected wave time difference pickup. Noise will distort the waveform of the phase axis of the reflected wave, thereby distorting the cross-correlation curve and picking the wrong time point. In addition, the amplitude differences in the pre-stack gather data at different time intervals mean that the cross-correlation curve not only reflects the static correction problem but also superimposes the amplitude difference problem, which also has a significant impact on the pickup of reflected wave time differences.

[0104] To this end, the present invention applies functions such as bandpass filter and amplitude equalization to preprocess the input data, suppress noise, highlight the effective signal of the advantageous frequency band, eliminate amplitude differences, and improve the picking accuracy of reflected wave time difference.

[0105] 2) Construction of CMP model channels:

[0106] CMP model channels can generally be constructed by superimposing CMP gathers after NMO correction of reflected wave velocity. On this basis, denoising processing can be performed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of CMP model channels.

[0107] For superimposed model channels, the signal-to-noise ratio of the model channels and the continuity of the reflected wave phase axis can be further improved by expanding and combining adjacent channels in three-dimensional space.

[0108] For certain work areas with severe residual static correction problems, automatic iterative updates of CMP model traces can be performed to further improve the residual static correction effect: The initial model trace expansion combination is used as the model trace for the first iteration. The residual time difference of the first reflected wave is calculated and applied as the updated CMP trace set. The superimposed model traces of this set are then weighted and combined with the initial model traces to form a new model trace. The new model trace will play a role in the expansion combination of adjacent CMP traces, realizing model trace construction and rolling iterative updates.

[0109] 3) Residual time difference pickup of reflected waves:

[0110] The time difference between the travel time of a reflected wave from a given reflector layer and the travel time of its normal reflected wave is called the residual time difference.

[0111] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the correlation curves generated for pre-stack CMP traces and model traces. The reflection time of the CMP model trace formed by stacking CMP trace gathers can be considered normal. Cross-correlation is performed between the CMP traces (correlated traces) and the corresponding CMP model traces to obtain the cross-correlation function curve, which reflects the alignment degree between the CMP correlated traces and the model traces at different time shifts. The time shift with the highest alignment degree is the residual time difference. The residual time difference can be obtained by picking the extreme values ​​of the cross-correlation function curve.

[0112] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the process of obtaining the remaining time difference using three-point parabolic interpolation. Due to the discrete sampling characteristics of the cross-correlation curve in the time domain, the extreme points directly picked from the cross-correlation function sequence are generally not the actual extreme points. The actual extreme points are often non-integer sampling intervals. To more accurately pick the remaining time difference, this invention employs a two-step method: first, by searching the correlation function curve, the range of remaining time difference values ​​is initially determined; then, a more precise remaining time difference is obtained through a three-point parabolic interpolation function. Figure 4 ).like Figure 4 As shown, the extreme point picked directly should be B, while the extreme point picked by the two-step method is x.

[0113] 4) Calculation of residual static correction for surface uniformity:

[0114] Remaining time difference T ijk The surface consistency model for the remaining time difference corresponding to the i-th shot point, the j-th receiver point, and the k-th common center point is shown in the following equation:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, S i R represents the residual static correction value corresponding to the i-th shot point position; j G represents the residual static correction value corresponding to the j-th receiver position; k The difference between the double reflection time of the reflective layer at the kth common center reference point and the travel time of the kth CMP point in the reflective layer reflects the structural changes along the layer and is called the structural term. The residual time difference is assumed to be parabolic, representing the incomplete time difference correction within a specific time window including the reflective layer; N is noise, which is directly ignored by statistical effects.

[0117] For the residual dynamic correction term M, in production it is usually assumed that the dynamic correction (speed) is basically correct and the statistical effect of the large time window is eliminated, and it is generally not decomposed separately.

[0118] For the previous residual time difference surface consistency model, a least-squares error estimate is performed:

[0119]

[0120] Taking the partial derivative with respect to the error as 0, we have:

[0121]

[0122] Expanding, we get:

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] From the above equation, we can obtain the Gauss-Seidel iterative formula for the residual static correction:

[0128]

[0129]

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] In the above formula, v represents the number of iterations. The initial iteration condition is usually set to 0, as shown below:

[0133]

[0134] Therefore, if the construct is the first decomposition term, then its first decomposition result is:

[0135]

[0136] This is the average remaining time difference for all channels involved in this CMP point.

[0137] The residual static correction for surface consistency can be obtained by iteratively solving the Gauss-Seidel formula for the residual static correction.

[0138] 5) Application of residual static correction for surface uniformity

[0139] The residual static correction for surface consistency obtained in step four is applied to the pre-stack CMP gather, thus completing the residual static correction for surface consistency. The specific steps are as follows:

[0140] For any pre-stack CMP trace T ij The corresponding firing point is S. i The corresponding detector point is R. j ;

[0141] Find S from the surface consistency residual static correction data table. i The remaining correction amount Rst_S i And search for R j The remaining correction amount Rst_R j ;

[0142] The residual corrections at the shot point and receiver point are combined into a time shift Rst_S i +Rst_R j ;

[0143] The synthesized time shift is applied to the current pre-stack CMP trace T. ij .

[0144] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the processing effect of the method and apparatus of the present invention. Figure 5 The left image shows a seismic data profile before the application of this invention. Figure 5 The right figure shows a seismic data profile after applying this invention. Figure 5As shown, to verify the effectiveness of a surface consistency residual static correction method, seismic data from a certain work area were selected for testing. The results show that the energy of the seismic reflection phase axis is effectively enhanced, the stratigraphic imaging is clearer, and the residual static correction process is effectively completed. Figure 5 ).

[0145] In summary, the solution for this application example includes the following steps:

[0146] 1. Perform preprocessing such as bandpass filtering and channel equalization on the input pre-stack CMP gather;

[0147] 2. The pre-processed pre-stack CMP gathers are stacked and adjacent CMPs are expanded and combined to form CMP stacked model gathers;

[0148] 3. Perform cross-correlation calculations between the pre-stack CMP channel and the model channel to obtain the cross-correlation function curve of the reflected wave;

[0149] 4. Use a two-step method to pick the remaining time difference of the current CMP channel on the cross-correlation function curve;

[0150] 5. Establish a surface consistency model with residual time difference, perform least squares error estimation on this surface consistency model, set the partial derivatives of the error with respect to shot point, receiver point, structure term, and residual dynamic correction term to 0, and obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of surface consistency.

[0151] 6. The Gauss-Seidel equations are solved iteratively to obtain the surface uniformity residual static correction for all shot points and receiver points;

[0152] 7. Apply the residual static correction obtained in step 6 to the pre-stack CMP gather data to complete the residual static correction for surface consistency of the data.

[0153] This invention presents a residual static correction method for surface consistency based on travel time decomposition, enabling residual static correction in complex surface areas. Residual static correction for surface consistency is a key function in time-domain seismic data processing, and in production, this function is applied iteratively multiple times to solve residual static correction problems. The residual static correction method of this invention includes key functions such as CMP gather preprocessing, stacking model trace calculation, residual time difference picking of reflected waves, residual time difference surface consistency model construction, residual static correction calculation, and application of residual static correction. It employs unique processing techniques such as model trace expansion and combination with rolling updates, two-step residual time difference picking, and residual static correction solution based on Gauss-Seidel iteration. Testing with actual seismic data from a work area demonstrates good residual static correction results, effectively enhancing and focusing the energy of the phase axis of reflected waves in low signal-to-noise ratio areas, and significantly improving imaging quality.

[0154] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can also be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those marked in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram and / or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0155] It should be noted that, in this invention, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element limited by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0156] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the above content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of this invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and changes in form and detail of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in this invention; however, the scope of patent protection of this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for residual static correction of surface uniformity, characterized in that, The method includes: The CMP gathers are stacked to obtain the CMP model gathers; Cross-correlation is performed between the CMP gather and the CMP model gather to pick up the residual time difference of the reflected wave. Establish a surface consistency model for the residual time difference of the reflected wave and calculate the residual static correction for surface consistency.

2. The surface uniformity residual static correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Prior to the step of stacking CMP gathers, the method further includes: The CMP gather is preprocessed, including bandpass filtering and / or amplitude equalization.

3. The surface uniformity residual static correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of cross-correlating the CMP gather with the CMP model gather and picking up the residual time difference of the reflected wave includes: Cross-correlation is performed between the CMP gather and the CMP model gather to obtain the cross-correlation function curve of the reflected wave; The residual time difference of the reflected wave is obtained by a two-step method from the cross-correlation function curve.

4. The surface uniformity residual static correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of establishing a surface consistency model for the residual time difference of the reflected wave and calculating the residual static correction for surface consistency include: Establish a surface consistency model for the remaining time difference of the reflected wave; Error estimation is performed on the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of the reflected wave to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of surface consistency. Solving the Gauss-Seidel equation yields the residual static correction for surface consistency.

5. The surface uniformity residual static correction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of estimating the error of the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of the reflected wave to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of the surface consistency includes: Error estimation is performed on the surface consistency model of the residual time difference of the reflected wave. The partial derivatives of the error with respect to the shot point, receiver point, structure term, and residual dynamic correction term are equal to 0 to obtain the Gauss-Seidel equation for the residual static correction of the surface consistency.

6. The surface uniformity residual static correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The surface consistency residual static correction is applied to the CMP gather to perform surface consistency residual static correction on the CMP gather.

7. A surface uniformity residual static correction device, characterized in that, The device includes: The overlay module is used to overlay CMP gathers to obtain CMP model gathers; The picking module is used to cross-correlate the CMP gather with the CMP model trace and pick up the remaining time difference of the reflected wave. The analysis module is used to establish a surface consistency model of the remaining time difference of the reflected wave and to obtain the surface consistency remaining static correction.

8. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the surface consistency residual static correction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the surface consistency residual static correction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the surface consistency residual static correction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

Images