SoFC stack

Abstract

The application discloses a SOFC stack and relates to the technical field of fuel cells, wherein the SOFC stack comprises a stack body and a clamping assembly, the stack body comprises a plurality of inner flow channel cell pieces, and the cell pieces are axially stacked; and the clamping assembly is in abutment with the two sides of the stack body in the axial direction, and the clamping assembly is configured to be elastically clamped on the two sides of the stack body. According to the technical scheme of the application, the elastic clamping is adopted, the thickness of the stack shrinks during the sintering stage, and the stack can automatically release or absorb displacement deformation when thermal expansion and cold shrinkage occur during subsequent operation and shutdown or when slight vibration occurs during transportation, so that the effective contact pressure of the sealing interface can be maintained all the time, and the technical problem that, in the prior art, a rigid pressing structure cannot provide continuous displacement compensation when the high-temperature operation and the glass sealing layer shrink in thickness, thereby leading to the attenuation of the contact pressure of the sealing surface and the failure of the sealing structure is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to an SOFC stack. Background Technology

[0002] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer advantages such as high efficiency, strong fuel adaptability, and modular integration, making them an important technological route for distributed power generation and high-efficiency energy conversion. Metal-supported SOFCs, due to their high mechanical strength, rapid heating and cooling rates, and good thermal shock resistance, have significant advantages in low- and medium-temperature operation, engineering feasibility, and large-scale production. Especially under operating conditions around 600℃, they can reduce the thermal load on materials and the sealing system, while also facilitating system compactness and cost reduction.

[0003] In existing SOFC stacks, most assembly methods employ rigid fixation at both ends, such as traditional end plate bolts for clamping. When the SOFC is heated to a relatively high operating temperature of approximately 600°C in the furnace, the glass sealing structure between the cells inevitably undergoes viscous flow, stress redistribution, and thickness shrinkage during sintering and subsequent thermal cycling. Because the external clamping components are rigidly locked, they cannot compensate for deformation as the overall stack height decreases, inevitably leading to a significant reduction in the normal contact pressure of the sealing surface. With this pressure loss, cell boundaries are highly susceptible to mismatch, resulting in localized leakage and cross-contamination, ultimately causing the complete failure of the stack's sealing structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to propose a SOFC stack that addresses the technical problem that existing technologies using rigid compression structures cannot provide continuous displacement compensation during high-temperature operation and when the glass sealing layer undergoes thickness shrinkage, leading to attenuation of the sealing surface contact pressure and failure of the sealing structure.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the SOFC stack proposed in this invention includes: A battery stack body, the battery stack body comprising a plurality of internal flow channel battery cells, the plurality of battery cells being stacked axially; The battery pack body includes a clamping assembly that axially abuts against both sides of the battery pack body and is configured to elastically abut against the battery pack body from at least one side.

[0006] In one embodiment, a pressure plate is provided on the top of the battery stack body, and the pressure plate elastically abuts against the topmost battery cell.

[0007] In one embodiment, the clamping assembly includes: A base on which the fuel cell stack is stacked. And multiple positioning posts, the multiple positioning posts are disposed on the base and circumferentially limit the fuel cell stack body; The positioning post passes through the pressure plate, and a limiting component is provided at the top of the positioning post. The limiting component is configured to elastically abut against the pressure plate.

[0008] In one embodiment, the limiting component includes: An elastic element, one end of which is fixed to the end of the positioning post away from the fuel cell body, and the other end of which is disposed towards the fuel cell body; A rigid sleeve is fitted onto the positioning post, with one end of the rigid sleeve abutting against the pressure plate and the other end of the rigid sleeve abutting against the end of the elastic element facing the fuel cell body.

[0009] In one embodiment, a pressure sensor is provided between the elastic element and the rigid sleeve.

[0010] In one embodiment, the end of the positioning post away from the fuel cell stack is a slide bar, and a limiting member is movably provided on the slide bar, the limiting member being fixedly connected to the elastic member.

[0011] In one embodiment, each of the battery cells is an irregularly shaped battery cell, and the irregularly shaped region of the battery cell extends axially to form a stack clearance groove, and the positioning post is disposed in the stack clearance groove.

[0012] In one embodiment, the two edges of the battery cell without manifolds are recessed toward the geometric center of the plane to form a limiting groove, and the positioning post is disposed in each of the limiting grooves.

[0013] In one embodiment, the base has a flow-diverting structure that directly matches the first pipeline; The diversion structure includes two main air inlets and two main air outlets compactly arranged outside the base, as well as a diversion channel and a confluence channel located inside the base. The diversion channel is configured to evenly distribute the fuel gas and air entering from the main intake port into the base cavity and then introduce them into the two-inlet and three-outlet internal air channels in the stack body. The confluence channel is configured to collect the exhaust gas from each individual battery and then discharge it from the corresponding main exhaust port.

[0014] In one embodiment, a glass-cast sealing sheet is provided between every two adjacent battery cells.

[0015] The technical solution of this invention employs elastic clamping, which allows the fuel cell stack to automatically release or absorb displacement deformation during the thickness shrinkage of the stack during the sintering stage, and during subsequent thermal expansion and contraction or micro-vibration during handling during operation and shutdown. This maintains the effective contact pressure of the sealing interface, fundamentally eliminating the risk of gas leakage, cross-contamination and thermal cycling failure caused by the decay of pre-tightening force, and significantly improving the long-term operational stability of kilowatt-level fuel cell stacks. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the SOFC stack provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping assembly for the SOFC stack provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the SOFC stack body provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the battery cells in the SOFC stack provided by the present invention; Figure 5 An exploded view of the base of the SOFC stack provided by this invention; Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Clamping assembly; 11. Base; 12. Pressure plate; 13. Rigid sleeve; 14. Positioning post; 15. Sensor; 16. Elastic element; 17. Limiting element; 2. Battery stack body; 21. Battery cell; 211. Glass casting sealing sheet; 212. Limiting groove; 22. Battery stack.

[0018] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0021] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0022] This invention proposes an SOFC fuel cell stack.

[0023] Please see Figures 1 to 5 In one embodiment of the present invention, the SOFC stack includes The battery stack body 2 includes a plurality of internal flow channel battery cells 21, which are axially stacked; and, Clamping assembly 1, which is axially abutted against both sides of the fuel cell stack body 2, and is configured to elastically clamp the fuel cell stack body 2.

[0024] Specifically, the fuel cell stack 2 is composed of 51 metal-supported single cells (internal flow channel cells 21) adapted to APS technology, stacked alternately in series to form a generator set of approximately 1kW. Under high-temperature operating conditions of around 600℃, traditional rigid bolt clamping will result in loss of preload due to the irreversible shrinkage of components at high temperatures. The fuel cell stack undergoes a first temperature rise and fall process for glass sintering to achieve sealing, followed by a second temperature rise and fall process to reach operating temperature. Traditionally, a counterweight is placed on top of the fuel cell stack to apply continuous pressure; however, due to the uneven shrinkage rate around the stack, stress concentration occurs on one side. This situation has a significant impact during the first temperature rise and fall process (glass sintering), resulting in large volume changes, while the impact is relatively smaller during the second temperature rise and fall process, although it still affects the lifespan of the fuel cell stack. The clamping assembly 1 adopts an elastic clamping design, which can continuously provide stable normal contact pressure in the stack height direction.

[0025] The technical solution of this invention employs elastic clamping, which allows the fuel cell stack to automatically release or absorb displacement deformation during the thickness shrinkage of the stack during the sintering stage, and during subsequent thermal expansion and contraction or micro-vibration during handling during operation and shutdown. This maintains the effective contact pressure of the sealing interface, fundamentally eliminating the risk of gas leakage, cross-contamination and thermal cycling failure caused by the decay of pre-tightening force, and significantly improving the long-term operational stability of kilowatt-level fuel cell stacks.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present invention, a pressure plate 12 is provided on the stack, and the pressure plate 12 elastically abuts against the topmost battery cell 21.

[0027] Specifically, the pressure plate 12, as the core rigid component for load transfer, has its lower surface completely covering the active area and sealing boundary area of ​​the topmost battery cell 21. The elastic downward pressure of the clamping assembly 1 first acts on the pressure plate 12. Through the high rigidity characteristics of the pressure plate 12, the locally applied preload is uniformly converted into a surface load and transferred downward to the entire stack body 2.

[0028] The pressure plate 12 can eliminate local stress concentration, prevent the top battery cell 21 from warping or breaking when subjected to uneven force, and ensure that the sealing surface of each layer of battery cell 21 can obtain a consistent compaction effect, thereby ensuring the consistency of the entire stack sealing.

[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, the clamping assembly 1 includes: Base 11, on which the fuel cell stack is stacked; Multiple positioning posts 14 are disposed on the base 11 and pass through the pressure plate 12. A limiting component is provided on the top of the positioning post 14 and the limiting component is configured to elastically abut against the pressure plate 12.

[0030] Specifically, the base 11 is located at the bottom of the fuel cell stack body 2, serving as a load-bearing and fluid distribution unit; four positioning posts 14 are symmetrically arranged at the outer corners of the base 11, extending from the bottom up through the pressure plate 12. Limiting components are installed on the top of the positioning posts 14 extending through the pressure plate 12. These four positioning posts 14 serve not only as axial alignment references during fuel cell stack assembly but also as elastic downward pressure guide structures, achieving both positioning and loading references; the bottom of the positioning posts 14 is covered with an insulating layer, specifically a mica sleeve, mica coating, or other methods, for insulation to prevent short circuits caused by contact with the sides of the solar cells. The height of the mica sleeve is lower than the pressure plate to prevent the fuel cell stack from pressing against the pressure plate after axial contraction.

[0031] Large-size, high-cell-count battery stacks are prone to inter-cell tolerance accumulation during stacking, leading to flow channel misalignment. This embodiment utilizes four external positioning posts 14 to establish a stable and uniform stacking reference from the outside, avoiding the problem of internal limiting interference with the airflow, and greatly improving the high-precision alignment and assembly efficiency of multi-cell stacking. Simultaneously, the positioning and pressure application mechanisms are triggered by the same mechanism, simplifying the overall structure and eliminating the need for separate positioning and pressure application mechanisms.

[0032] In an embodiment of the present invention, the limiting component includes: Elastic element 16, one end of which is adjustablely fixed to the side of the positioning post 14 away from the fuel cell stack, is located in the cold zone outside the insulation boundary, and is configured to apply axial preload to the fuel cell stack body 2 and compensate for the sintering shrinkage of the internal glass sealing layer.

[0033] A rigid sleeve 13 is sleeved on the positioning post 14, the lower end of the rigid sleeve 13 abuts against the pressure plate 12, and the other end of the rigid sleeve 13 is connected to the movable end of the elastic member 16.

[0034] Specifically, the positioning post 14 is designed as a slender rod that extends upward and passes through the heat insulation boundary of the high-temperature electric furnace, so that the elastic element 16 is physically located in a relatively cold zone outside the furnace. The downward expansion force of the elastic element 16 acts on the upper end of the rigid sleeve 13, which passes downward through the heat insulation layer, directly applying the thrust of its lower end to the pressure plate 12. The elastic element 16 can be a coil spring or a disc spring.

[0035] Because the fuel cell stack layers are sealed with glass, the glass undergoes viscous flow rearrangement during high-temperature sintering, resulting in significant thickness shrinkage and a decrease in the overall height of the stack. If rigid bolts are used for locking, the normal pressure will instantly drop to zero as the height decreases, immediately causing leakage. When the stack height shrinks, the elastic element 16 extends to release stored energy, automatically tracking and compensating for displacement loss, ensuring that the pressure applied to the sealing surface remains within an effective range. Furthermore, when the stack is transported or undergoes thermal cycling, causing micro-vibrations that release local stress in the glass seal, the spring can also absorb these displacement disturbances, greatly reducing the risk of cracking and failure of the glass seal layer.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, a pressure sensor 15 is provided between the elastic element 16 and the rigid sleeve 13.

[0037] Specifically, the pressure sensor 15 is ring-shaped or gasket-shaped, sleeved on the positioning post 14, and clamped between the lower end of the elastic element 16 and the upper end of the rigid sleeve 13. In cold environments, the sensor 15 can operate continuously, collecting and outputting the compressive force applied by the elastic element 16 in real time. During the initial assembly stage, the operator can precisely adjust the initial preload by turning the nut on the top of the positioning post 14; during the sintering and operation stages, the attenuation of the preload can be visually monitored through the data curve of the sensor 15.

[0038] During cold assembly of the fuel cell stack, pressure sensor 15 monitors whether the initial load has reached the design window to prevent the battery from being crushed or insufficient clamping force. During the glass sealing stage of sintering at 600°C, the load drop curve caused by glass shrinkage can be observed in real time. After sintering is completed and cooled, the final remaining load can be evaluated. Even after the fuel cell stack is transported and handled, the data from sensor 15 can be used to determine whether the internal structure has become loose due to vibration or whether the sealing stress has been released before power-on.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present invention, the end of the positioning post 14 away from the fuel cell stack is a slide bar, and a limiting member 17 is movably provided on the slide bar, and the limiting member 17 is fixedly connected to the elastic member 16.

[0040] Specifically, the slide bar at the top of the positioning post 14 is a guide rod, and the limiting member 17, such as a flange nut or pressure plate with a locking mechanism, can slide up and down along the slide bar and lock. The limiting member 17 can be a locking nut for sliding or locking, or it can be a pressure plate or a collar with a locking structure. The slide bar is selected according to the sliding or locking method of the limiting member 17; the top of the elastic member 16 rests on the lower surface of the limiting member 17. By rotating or moving the limiting member 17 downwards, the elastic member 16 can be compressed to accumulate potential energy.

[0041] During assembly, the limiting member 17 presses down on the elastic member 16, and the elastic member 16 is compressed to generate elastic force. This elastic force acts downward on the pressure plate 12, pressing the entire fuel cell stack body 2 firmly onto the base 11.

[0042] It provides a more convenient means of external pressure regulation. When the sensor 15 detects insufficient pressure, even if the fuel cell stack is operating in a high-temperature furnace, the operator can still safely and quickly fine-tune the limit element 17 in the cold zone outside the furnace to perform online pressure replenishment.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the battery cells 21 is an irregularly shaped battery cell 21, and the irregularly shaped area of ​​the battery cell 21 forms a stack clearance groove, and the positioning post 14 is disposed in the clearance groove.

[0044] Specifically, the original single battery cell 21 is a standard rectangle or square. In this embodiment, the excess edges outside the main reaction area of ​​the battery cell 21 are cut off and transformed into an irregularly shaped boundary. The irregularly shaped area is recessed inward to form a relief groove. When 51 battery cells 21 are stacked, these relief grooves are connected in the axial direction to form a vertical receiving channel. The four external positioning posts 14 are embedded in these four relief grooves without interference.

[0045] The irregularly shaped boundary and four external positioning posts 14 form an external guiding structure for stacking multiple cells. During stacking, individual cells are no longer passively placed, but actively form a geometrically self-adaptive relationship with the positioning posts 14. The positioning posts 14 externally restrict the lateral movement of individual cells, preventing the layer-by-layer accumulation of alignment errors between cells, and ensuring the alignment of the internal flow channels and sealing areas of the 51 individual cells.

[0046] The edge reduction design removes excess metal support material that is irrelevant to the flow field and electrochemical reaction, reducing the overall weight of the kilowatt-class fuel cell stack.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present invention, the two edges of the battery cell 21 without manifolds are recessed toward the geometric center of the plane to form a stack clearance groove, and the positioning post 14 is disposed in each of the limiting grooves.

[0048] Specifically, the initial or main shape of the battery cell 21 is rectangular. This rectangle includes not only the active region where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the center, but also the non-active region around the perimeter for connection and sealing. On both sides of the battery cell 21 along its length, two inlet and three outlet gas manifolds are arranged, and each of the non-active edges has a trapezoidal or rectangular corner area cut off, thus forming symmetrical irregular boundaries on both sides of the single cell. This not only avoids the critical gas distribution manifold area and active functional area, but also allows the four positioning posts 14 to firmly hold the four force angles or sides of the battery cell 21, restricting the transverse movement of the battery cell 21.

[0049] This ensures that the irregular shape modification does not affect the performance of the optimized two-in-three-out counter-flow air passage inside the battery cell 21. The positioning post 14 is inserted into the groove, forming a limiting but non-interfering assembly gap, avoiding edge deformation of the battery cell 21 caused by external positioning parts, and ensuring high efficiency and fault tolerance in assembly.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, the base 11 is provided with an interface communicating with the battery cell 21 and the manifold, and the interface is close to the center of the base 11.

[0051] Specifically, to meet the connection requirements of external systems, the base 11 is designed with a compact "two-in, two-out" split-flow structure. Only four main interfaces extend from the lower surface or side of the base 11, and these four interfaces are compactly concentrated in an area near the center of the base 11 or on the same side boundary. Inside the base 11, a complex network of split / combination flow channels is arranged. These split channels, acting as primary manifolds, equalize the pressure of the concentrated airflow entering from the main interfaces, and then evenly distribute and guide it upwards to the internal air channels corresponding to each of the 51 layers of solar cells 21.

[0052] The centralized interface design greatly reduces the difficulty of piping layout when integrating with external systems, which is beneficial to the design of the outer insulation shell; the reasonable internal shunt network ensures that the gas flow deviation into each layer of battery cell 21 is minimal under the premise of low pressure drop, avoiding local overheating or performance degradation of certain battery layers due to "gas starvation", and ensuring a high degree of consistency of the internal thermal field and electrochemical reaction.

[0053] The base 11 has a flow diversion structure inside that directly matches the first pipeline; The diversion structure includes two main air inlet ports 111 and two main air outlet ports 112 compactly arranged outside the base 11, as well as a diversion channel and a confluence channel located inside the base 11. The diversion channel 113 is configured to evenly distribute the fuel gas and air entering from the main air inlet 111 in the inner cavity of the base 11, and then introduce them into the two-inlet and three-outlet internal air channels in the stack body 2. The confluence channel 114 is configured to collect the exhaust gas from each individual battery and discharge it from the corresponding main exhaust port 112.

[0054] Specifically, the base 11 serves as the fluid distribution hub and support base for the entire 1 kW fuel cell stack, and its interior is designed as a highly integrated primary fluid manifold network. In terms of spatial layout, four interfaces are centrally located on the bottom or side face of the base 11: two main air intake interfaces 111 (including fuel gas inlet and air inlet) and two main exhaust interfaces 112 (including fuel exhaust outlet and air exhaust outlet). The spacing between these four interfaces is greatly compressed, arranged in a centrally symmetrical or compact arrangement on the same side, directly connecting to the external system's air supply and exhaust pipelines.

[0055] Inside the base 11, in order to achieve physical isolation and uniform distribution, the branching channel 113 and the converging channel 114 adopt a layered isolation or physical partition-type chamber structure. The inner cavity of the base 11 is divided into independent fuel gas chambers and air chambers by a highly airtight metal partition.

[0056] The flow splitting process: When high-pressure fuel gas and air are pumped into the base 11 from the two main inlet ports 111, the gas first enters the buffer expansion chamber of the flow splitting channel 113. This converts the dynamic pressure of the high-speed jet into static pressure. Subsequently, the homogenized static pressure gas is precisely and evenly guided vertically upward through multiple distribution holes aligned with the stack body 2 on the upper surface of the base into the two-inlet, three-outlet countercurrent gas channels inside the 51 individual cells.

[0057] The process involves the high-temperature exhaust gas containing water vapor, along with oxygen-deficient air, produced after the electrochemical reaction. This exhaust gas flows downwards from each individual cell layer and enters the converging channel 114 inside the base 11. The converging channel 114 adopts a funnel-shaped, contracting geometry to smoothly guide the exhaust gas collected from each layer to the two main exhaust ports 112, from which it exits the base and enters an external heat exchange or exhaust gas treatment system.

[0058] To meet the requirements of long-term operation under high temperature of 600℃ and conditions containing hydrogen and oxygen, the base 11 and its internal diversion and convergence channels are made of heat-resistant steel material that is resistant to high temperature, hydrogen embrittlement and oxidation. The entire structure is manufactured in one piece by precision casting or multi-layer plate brazing process to ensure that no internal cross-flow of fuel and air occurs between the channels.

[0059] In an embodiment of the present invention, a glass casting sealing sheet 211 is provided between every two adjacent battery cells 21.

[0060] Specifically, between the area where the circumferential edge of the metal support of each single cell has undergone mechanical pressing and densification and laser secondary edge sealing treatment, and the adjacent connector, a glass-cast sealing sheet 211 matching the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal material is laid. During the initial heating to 600°C, the glass-cast sheet undergoes adhesion and wetting, and finally forms an airtight glass / microcrystalline glass sealing layer upon cooling or isothermal treatment.

[0061] The glass-cast sealing sheet 211 possesses excellent chemical stability and insulation properties. Combined with a composite sealing structure integrating edge pressing, brazing, and laser processing on the metal support edge, it can effectively block lateral leakage channels. Simultaneously, combined with the aforementioned cold-zone spring continuous pre-tightening compensation mechanism, even when the glass sealing layer undergoes significant shrinkage at high temperatures, its interface remains tightly compacted. This creates a top-tier flexible composite sealing system adapted to 600℃ thermal cycling conditions, ensuring the long-term airtightness and operational life of the entire 1kW fuel cell stack.

[0062] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A SOFC stack, characterized by, include: The battery stack body includes multiple internal flow channel solar cells, which are axially stacked; and, A clamping assembly, wherein the clamping components are axially abutted against both sides of the fuel cell stack body, and the clamping components are configured to elastically abut against the fuel cell stack body from at least one side.

2. The SOFC stack of claim 1, wherein, A pressure plate is provided on the top of the stack body, and the pressure plate elastically abuts against the topmost battery cell.

3. The SOFC stack of claim 2, wherein, The clamping assembly includes: The base, on which the fuel cell stack is stacked; and Multiple positioning posts are disposed on the base and circumferentially limit the fuel cell stack body; The positioning post passes through the pressure plate, and a limiting component is provided at the top of the positioning post. The limiting component is configured to elastically abut against the pressure plate.

4. The SOFC stack of claim 3, wherein, The limiting component includes: An elastic element, one end of which is fixed to the end of the positioning post away from the fuel cell body, and the other end of which is disposed towards the fuel cell body; A rigid sleeve is fitted onto the positioning post, with one end of the rigid sleeve abutting against the pressure plate and the other end of the rigid sleeve abutting against the end of the elastic element facing the fuel cell body.

5. The SOFC stack of claim 4, wherein, A pressure sensor is provided between the elastic element and the rigid sleeve.

6. The SOFC stack of claim 4, wherein, One end of the positioning post away from the fuel cell is a sliding rod, and a limiting element is movably provided on the sliding rod. The limiting element is fixedly connected to the elastic element.

7. The SOFC stack of claim 3, wherein, Each of the battery cells is an irregularly shaped battery cell, and the irregularly shaped region of the battery cell extends axially to form a stack clearance groove, and the positioning post is disposed in the stack clearance groove.

8. The SOFC stack as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The two edges of the battery cell without manifolds are recessed toward the geometric center of the plane to form a limiting groove, and the positioning post is disposed in each of the limiting grooves.

9. The SOFC stack as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The base (11) is provided with a diversion structure that directly matches the first pipeline; The diversion structure includes two main air inlets and two main air outlets compactly arranged outside the base, as well as a diversion channel and a confluence channel located inside the base. The diversion channel is configured to evenly distribute the fuel gas and air entering from the main intake port into the base cavity and then introduce them into the two-inlet and three-outlet internal air channels in the stack body. The confluence channel is configured to collect the exhaust gas from each individual battery and then discharge it from the corresponding main exhaust port.

10. The SOFC stack according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, A glass-cast sealing sheet is provided between every two adjacent battery cells.

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