An energy storage device, energy storage system and charging network

Abstract

This application relates to the field of battery technology, providing an energy storage device, an energy storage system, and a charging network. The energy storage device includes a cabinet, a thermal management system, and at least two battery devices. Each battery device includes a single battery cell. The cabinet has a battery compartment where the battery devices are housed. The thermal management system includes a heat exchanger unit and a refrigerant unit. The heat exchanger unit includes a storage container and a heat exchange loop. The heat exchange loop includes a main heat exchange flow path, and the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange loop is used for heat exchange with the single battery cell. The storage container includes a storage chamber for storing the heat exchange medium, and the storage chamber is connected to the main heat exchange flow path. The refrigerant unit includes a refrigerant loop, and the refrigerant in the refrigerant loop is used for heat exchange with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange loop. By using a storage container to store heat or cold, the cooling or heating capacity of the refrigerant unit can be reduced, thus reducing energy consumption. This is particularly beneficial for reducing costs when applied to centralized large-scale energy storage devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to an energy storage device, energy storage system and charging network. Background Technology

[0002] Individual battery cells can be used to store or provide electrical energy, and they can be used in energy storage devices. In related technologies, energy storage devices have a thermal management system, which typically uses refrigerant or water to exchange heat with the battery cells to regulate their temperature. Water storage tanks mostly only provide single-phase hot water storage and cannot achieve heat exchange, nor can they meet the cooling requirements of thermal management systems. Energy storage devices using electrochemical battery cells represent a novel energy storage method, and there is currently no development work on the application of water storage tanks in energy storage device scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of this application aim to provide an energy storage device, energy storage system, and charging network that uses storage containers to store heat or cold, thereby reducing the cooling or heating capacity of the refrigerant unit and reducing energy consumption.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this application embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0005] This application provides an energy storage device, including:

[0006] At least two battery devices, each of which includes a single battery cell;

[0007] The cabinet has a battery compartment, and the battery device is housed within the battery compartment;

[0008] Thermal management system, including:

[0009] A heat exchange unit includes a storage container and a heat exchange circuit. The heat exchange circuit includes a total heat exchange flow path. The heat exchange working fluid in the heat exchange circuit is used to exchange heat with the battery cell. The storage container includes a storage cavity for storing the heat exchange working fluid. The storage cavity is connected to the total heat exchange flow path.

[0010] A refrigerant unit includes a refrigerant circuit, wherein the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is used to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit.

[0011] The energy storage device provided in this application embodiment applies a storage container to the thermal management system of the energy storage device. The heat exchange medium can obtain heat or cold from refrigerant or other energy sources to regulate its temperature, for example, by lowering or raising the temperature of the heat exchange medium. The storage chamber can store the heat exchange medium. In this way, a portion of the heat exchange medium that has received heat or cold is stored in the storage container, realizing the storage of heat or cold. When a battery cell has heating or cooling requirements, the heat or cold stored in the storage container can be utilized. By using a storage container to store heat or cold, the cooling or heating capacity of the refrigerant unit can be reduced, thus reducing energy consumption. This is especially beneficial for reducing costs when applied to centralized large-scale energy storage units.

[0012] In some embodiments, the storage container includes a first storage container, and the refrigerant unit includes a heat exchange device, the heat exchange device including a first heat exchanger located within the storage cavity of the first storage container.

[0013] In this embodiment, the first heat exchanger is located in the storage cavity of the first storage container, and the storage cavity stores the heat exchange medium. The first heat exchanger can be at least partially immersed in the heat exchange medium in the storage cavity, and the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the storage cavity.

[0014] In some embodiments, the storage container includes a second storage container, the refrigerant unit includes a heat exchange device, the heat exchange device includes a second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger includes a heat exchange channel and a refrigerant channel, the refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant circuit, and the heat exchange channel is connected to the main heat exchange flow path;

[0015] The heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange branch, and the main heat exchange flow path includes a first node and a second node located at both ends of the heat exchange channel. The two ends of the heat exchange branch are respectively connected to the first node and the second node, and the second storage container is connected in series in the heat exchange branch.

[0016] In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium and the refrigerant exchange heat in the second heat exchanger, and then the heat or cold is stored in the second storage tank. The second heat exchanger and the second storage tank are separate and independent, the flow path of the heat exchange medium is more diverse, and the thermal management system can provide richer functions.

[0017] In some embodiments, the total heat exchange path includes a third node and a fourth node, wherein the third node is located between the heat exchange channel and the first node, and the fourth node is located between the heat exchange channel and the second node;

[0018] The heat exchanger unit includes a heating branch and a heating device. The heating branch connects the third node and the fourth node, and the heating device is used to heat the heat exchange medium flowing through the heating branch.

[0019] In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium in the main heat exchange flow path enters the heating branch. The heating device can raise the temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing through the heating branch. The heated heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the battery cells through the heat exchange loop to provide heating for the battery cells. The heated heat exchange medium can also enter the heat exchange branch for heat storage. By using the heating branch and heating device to provide heating for the heat exchange medium, the refrigerant unit can only absorb heat from the heat exchange medium to provide cooling, without providing heating, thus simplifying the structure and control method of the refrigerant unit.

[0020] In some embodiments, the storage container includes a first storage container, and the heat exchange device includes a first heat exchanger;

[0021] The refrigerant unit includes a refrigerant branch, the two ends of which are connected to the pipe sections of the refrigerant circuit located at both ends of the refrigerant channel. The first heat exchanger is connected in series in the heat exchange branch and is located in the storage cavity of the first storage container.

[0022] In this embodiment, the refrigerant unit has both a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger connected in parallel. The heat exchange unit has a first storage container and a second storage container. In this way, the thermal management system has more diverse refrigerant flow paths and heat exchange working fluid flow paths. Both the first and second storage containers can provide the function of storing heat and cold, and both the first and second heat exchangers can provide the function of heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange working fluid. This is beneficial for selecting and combining diverse refrigerant flow paths and heat exchange working fluid flow paths according to the cooling and heating requirements of the battery cells.

[0023] In some embodiments, there are at least two heating devices, and the at least two heating devices are connected in series in the heating branch.

[0024] In this embodiment, at least two heating devices are connected in series in the heating branch, and the heat exchange medium in the heating flow path flows through at least two heating devices in sequence, which can reduce the load on a single heating device and improve the heating effect.

[0025] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes:

[0026] The first valve is located in the pipe section of the heat exchange main flow path between the third node and the heat exchange channel;

[0027] The second valve is located in the heating branch;

[0028] The third valve is located in the heat exchange branch.

[0029] In this embodiment, the flow path of the heat exchange medium can be changed by controlling the opening and closing of the first valve, the second valve, and the third valve.

[0030] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a refrigerant cooling mode;

[0031] In the refrigerant refrigeration mode, the first valve is in the open state, the second valve and the third valve are in the closed state, the refrigerant unit is in the working state, and the heating device is in the stopped state.

[0032] In this embodiment, under refrigerant cooling mode, all the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path flows through the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger. The refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant channel of the second heat exchanger absorbs the heat of the heat exchange medium and provides cooling function for the battery cells.

[0033] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is higher than the working fluid cooling threshold, the thermal management system enters the refrigerant cooling mode, wherein the working fluid cooling threshold is not greater than the cooling start threshold.

[0034] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the battery cell has a cooling demand. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is too high, the refrigerant unit is selected to absorb heat and provide the function, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0035] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes an energy storage cooling mode;

[0036] In the energy storage refrigeration mode, the first valve and the second valve are both closed, the third valve is open, the refrigerant unit is shut down, and the heating device is shut down.

[0037] In this embodiment, in the energy storage cooling mode, all the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path flows through the second storage container. The heat exchange medium stored in the second storage container absorbs the heat from the battery cells to achieve cooling of the battery cells. In the energy storage cooling mode, the refrigerant unit is in a shutdown state, which can reduce energy loss and reduce the cooling capacity of the refrigerant unit. The cooling function is provided by utilizing the cold energy stored in the second storage container, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0038] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is not higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the thermal management system enters the energy storage cooling mode, wherein the working medium cooling threshold is not greater than the cooling start threshold.

[0039] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is not higher than the cooling threshold of the medium, the battery cell has a cooling requirement. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is low, the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is selected to absorb heat and provide the cooling function, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0040] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a heating mode;

[0041] In the heating mode, the first valve and the third valve are both closed, the second valve is open, the refrigerant unit is shut down, and the heating device is in operation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the heating device heats the heat exchange medium, which then releases heat to the battery cells to provide heating for the battery cells. Using a heating device to provide heating can relatively quickly increase the temperature of the battery cells and improve heating efficiency.

[0043] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell is not higher than the heating start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system enters the heating mode, wherein the working medium heating threshold is not less than the heating start threshold.

[0044] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell is not higher than the heating start-up threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is lower than the working medium heating threshold, the battery cell has a heating demand. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is low, a heating device is selected to release heat to provide the heating function, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0045] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes an energy storage heating mode;

[0046] In the energy storage heating mode, the first valve and the second valve are both closed, the third valve is open, and the refrigerant unit and the heating device are both shut down.

[0047] In this embodiment, in the energy storage heating mode, all the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path flows through the second storage container. The heat exchange medium stored in the second storage container releases heat to the individual battery cells to achieve heating of the individual battery cells. In the energy storage heating mode, both the refrigerant unit and the heating device are in a shutdown state, which can reduce energy loss. The heating function is provided by utilizing the heat stored in the second storage container, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0048] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell is not higher than the heating start-up threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is not lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system enters the energy storage heating mode, wherein the working medium heating threshold is not lower than the heating start-up threshold.

[0049] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell is not higher than the heating start-up threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is not lower than the working medium heating threshold, the battery cell has a heating demand. The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is higher. Therefore, the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is selected to release heat to provide the heating function, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0050] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes a fourth valve, a fifth valve, and a liquid pump. The fourth valve is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange path upstream of the first node, the fifth valve is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange path downstream of the second node, and the liquid pump is located in the heat exchange branch.

[0051] In this embodiment, the fourth and fifth valves can control the flow path of the heat exchange medium in the main heat exchange flow path, and the liquid pump is set in the heat exchange branch to drive the flow of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange branch.

[0052] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a heat storage mode;

[0053] In the heat storage mode, the second valve and the third valve are both in the open state, the first valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve are all in the closed state, and the liquid pump and the heating device are both in the working state.

[0054] In this embodiment, both the liquid pump and the heating device are in operation. The liquid pump drives the heat exchange medium to circulate between the heating branch, the heat exchange branch, and the second storage container. The heating device heats the circulating heat exchange medium, thereby enabling the second storage container to store heat.

[0055] In some embodiments, the thermal management system enters the thermal storage mode when all the battery devices are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is below the thermal storage activation threshold.

[0056] In this embodiment, when all battery devices are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is lower than the heat storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system enters the heat storage mode and uses the heating device to provide heat to the second storage container, thereby increasing the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container so that the second storage container can provide heating function for the battery cells after the battery devices enter the operating state.

[0057] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a cold storage mode;

[0058] In the cold storage mode, the first valve and the third valve are both in the open state, the second valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve are all in the closed state, and the liquid pump and the refrigerant unit are both in the working state.

[0059] In this embodiment, both the liquid pump and the refrigerant unit are in operation. The liquid pump drives the heat exchange medium to circulate between the heat exchange channel, the heat exchange branch, and the second storage container. The refrigerant unit absorbs the heat of the circulating heat exchange medium, thereby enabling the second storage container to store cold energy.

[0060] In some embodiments, the thermal management system enters the cold storage mode when all the battery devices are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start-up threshold.

[0061] In this embodiment, when all battery devices are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system enters the cold storage mode. It uses the refrigerant unit to absorb the heat of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container and lowers the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container so that the second storage container can provide cooling function for the battery cells after the battery devices enter the operating state.

[0062] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a hybrid cooling mode;

[0063] In the hybrid refrigeration mode, both the first valve and the third valve are in the open state, the second valve is in the closed state, the refrigerant unit is in the working state, and the heating device is in the off state.

[0064] In this embodiment, both the first valve and the third valve are in the open state. A portion of the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path can enter the heat exchange channel to exchange heat with the refrigerant and cool down. Another portion of the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path can mix with the heat exchange medium in the second storage container to cool down. In this way, both the refrigerant unit and the second storage container can absorb heat to provide cooling for the battery cells and improve cooling efficiency.

[0065] In some embodiments, the thermal management system includes a hybrid heating mode;

[0066] In the hybrid heating mode, the first valve is closed, the second valve and the third valve are both open, the refrigerant unit is shut down, and the heating device is in operation.

[0067] In this embodiment, both the second and third valves are in the open state. A portion of the heat exchange medium in the main heat exchange flow path can enter the heating branch and be heated by the heating device. Another portion of the heat exchange medium in the main heat exchange flow path can mix with the heat exchange medium in the second storage container to raise the temperature. In this way, both the heating device and the second storage container can release heat to provide heating function for the battery cell and improve heating efficiency.

[0068] In some embodiments, the refrigerant unit includes an air-cooled heat exchanger, a compressor, a heat exchange device, and a throttling device. The air-cooled heat exchanger, the compressor, the heat exchange device, and the throttling device are connected in series in the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant in the air-cooled heat exchanger is used to exchange heat with the air, and the refrigerant in the heat exchange device is used to exchange heat with the heat exchange working fluid in the total heat exchange flow path.

[0069] In this embodiment, heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air source is achieved through an air-cooled heat exchanger, and heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange medium is achieved through a heat exchange device. Heat exchange between the air source and the battery cell is achieved by using the refrigerant and the heat exchange medium as an intermediate medium, thereby raising or lowering the temperature of the battery cell.

[0070] In some embodiments, the refrigerant unit includes a reversing device disposed in the refrigerant circuit to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit.

[0071] In this embodiment, by changing the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit through a reversing device, the refrigerant unit can provide both cooling and heating functions. The refrigerant unit can also be called a heat pump refrigerant unit, which has the advantage of energy saving.

[0072] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes an insulation structure that covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the storage container.

[0073] In this embodiment, the insulation structure can provide thermal insulation function, increase the thermal resistance between the storage container and the air, and reduce heat or cold loss.

[0074] In some embodiments, the heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange plate disposed on the battery device, the heat exchange plate being used for heat exchange with the battery cells, the heat exchange circuit including a main liquid supply line, a main liquid supply line, a main liquid return line, and a main liquid return line, and the heat exchange plate having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;

[0075] Both the main liquid supply pipeline and the main liquid return pipeline are connected to the main heat exchange flow path. The liquid supply branch is connected to the main liquid supply pipeline, the liquid return branch is connected to the main liquid return pipeline, the fluid inlet is connected to the liquid supply branch, and the fluid outlet is connected to the liquid return branch.

[0076] In this embodiment, the main liquid supply pipeline, the branch liquid supply pipeline, the main liquid return pipeline, and the branch liquid return pipeline constitute part of the heat exchange loop, realizing the circulation of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the battery cells through the heat exchange plate to regulate the temperature of the battery cells. With this design, the temperature change of the heat exchange medium is more stable during the circulation process, and the temperature of each battery cell can be regulated more evenly.

[0077] In some embodiments, at least two of the battery devices are stacked to form a battery cluster, with the fluid inlets of all the battery devices in the battery cluster connected to the liquid supply branch and the fluid outlets of all the battery devices in the battery cluster connected to the liquid return branch.

[0078] In this embodiment, one battery cluster corresponds to one liquid supply branch and one liquid return branch. In this way, one liquid supply branch and one liquid return branch can provide heat exchange medium to multiple battery devices in the battery cluster, reducing the number of pipes.

[0079] In some embodiments, the number of battery clusters is at least two, and one supply branch and one return branch form a cluster group. Each battery cluster is provided with one cluster group. The supply branches of all cluster groups correspond to one supply main pipeline, and the return branches of all cluster groups correspond to one return main pipeline.

[0080] In this embodiment, on the one hand, each cluster-level group's supply branch corresponds to a main supply pipeline, and each cluster-level group's return branch corresponds to a main return pipeline. This means that a main supply pipeline can supply heat exchange medium to all battery clusters, and a main return pipeline can receive the heat exchange medium returning from all battery clusters. This simplifies the pipeline layout and reduces the number of pipelines. On the other hand, the number of battery clusters is the same as the number of cluster-level groups. Each battery cluster corresponds to one cluster-level group, allowing each cluster-level group to independently control the heat exchange cycle of a single battery cluster. This ensures high reliability and facilitates the maintenance of individual battery clusters without affecting other battery clusters.

[0081] This application provides an energy storage system, including a power conversion device and an energy storage device as described in any one of the above embodiments, wherein the power conversion device is used to electrically connect a power generation device and the energy storage device.

[0082] This application embodiment also provides a charging network, including any of the energy storage devices or energy storage systems described above, the charging network further including charging piles, and the energy storage device being used to provide power to the charging piles. Attached Figure Description

[0083] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage device in some embodiments of this application;

[0084] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery device in some embodiments of this application;

[0085] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery cell in some embodiments of this application;

[0086] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first thermal management system in some embodiments of this application;

[0087] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second thermal management system in some embodiments of this application;

[0088] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first storage container in some embodiments of this application;

[0089] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third thermal management system in some embodiments of this application;

[0090] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth thermal management system in some embodiments of this application;

[0091] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of an energy storage device in some embodiments of this application, wherein hollow arrows schematically show the flow direction of the heat exchange medium;

[0092] Figure 10 for Figure 9 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0093] Figure 11 for Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram at point B, where the hollow arrows schematically show the flow direction of the heat exchange medium;

[0094] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the structure of the battery management system and thermal management system in some embodiments of this application.

[0095] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0096] 100. Energy storage equipment; 10. Battery cluster; 1. Battery device; 11. Battery cell; 12. Battery temperature detection device; 13. First enclosure; 14. Second enclosure; 2. Cabinet; 3. Thermal management system; 33. Injection pipe; 34. Injection valve; 35. First interface; 36. Second interface; 37. Expansion tank; 38. Pressure detection device; 39. Ambient temperature detection device; 4. Battery management system;

[0097] 31. Heat exchanger unit; 311. Storage container; 311a. Storage chamber; 31101. First storage container; 31102. Second storage container; 312. Heat exchange circuit; 3121. Main heat exchange flow path; 3121a. First node; 3121b. Second node; 3121c. Third node; 3121d. Fourth node; 3122. Main liquid supply line; 3123. Liquid supply branch line; 3124. Main liquid return line; 3125. Liquid return branch line; 313. 314. Heat exchange branch; 315. Heating branch; 316. Heating device; 317. First valve; 318. Second valve; 319. Third valve; 310. Fourth valve; 3191. Fifth valve; 3192. Liquid pump; 3193. Insulation structure; 3194. Heat exchange plate; 3195. Main pump; 3196. First temperature detection element; 3197. Second on / off valve; 3198. Third on / off valve; 3199. Second temperature detection element; 31991. Third temperature detection element;

[0098] 32. Refrigerant unit; 321. Refrigerant circuit; 322. Heat exchange device; 32201. First heat exchanger; 32202. Second heat exchanger; 323. Refrigerant branch; 324. Air-cooled heat exchanger; 325. Compressor; 326. Throttling device; 327. Reversing device; 328. Liquid receiver; 329. Refrigerant charging port; 3291. First on / off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0099] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0100] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application.

[0101] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0102] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0103] It should be noted that in this application, "at least two" refers to a quantity of two or more. "Multiple" refers to a quantity of two or more. The unit "℃" is Celsius.

[0104] Please see Figures 1 to 3 First, let’s introduce some basic structures of the battery cell 11, battery device 1, energy storage device 100, energy storage system and charging network provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0105] The battery device 1 may contain one or more battery cells 11, which provide voltage and capacity. Multiple battery cells 11 may be connected in series, parallel, or a combination of these connections via a busbar. The busbar is used to establish an electrical connection between at least two battery cells 11.

[0106] For example, "hybrid connection" refers to at least two battery cells 11 that are connected in both series and parallel. At least two battery cells 11 can be directly connected in series, parallel, or hybrid connections; of course, at least two battery cells 11 can also be first connected in series, parallel, or hybrid connections to form a module, and the module can then be connected in series, parallel, or hybrid connections to form a whole.

[0107] In this embodiment of the application, the battery cell 11 can be a secondary battery, which refers to the battery cell 11 that can be used again after being discharged by recharging to activate the active material.

[0108] The battery cell 11 can be a lithium-ion battery cell, sodium-ion battery cell, sodium-lithium-ion battery cell, lithium metal battery cell, sodium metal battery cell, lithium-sulfur battery cell, magnesium-ion battery cell, nickel-metal hydride battery cell, nickel-cadmium battery cell, or lead-acid battery cell, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0109] A battery cell 11 typically includes an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, with the separator positioned between the negative and positive electrodes. During the charging and discharging process of the battery cell 11, active ions (such as lithium ions) repeatedly insert and extract between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits between them while allowing active ions to pass through.

[0110] The electrode assembly can be a wound structure, a stacked structure, or a hybrid structure of wound and stacked.

[0111] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is a wound structure. The positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator are wound into a wound structure.

[0112] In some implementations, the electrode assembly is a stacked structure.

[0113] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal, etc.

[0114] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is provided with tabs that allow current to be drawn from the electrode assembly. The tabs include a positive tab and a negative tab.

[0115] In some embodiments, the battery cell 11 may include a casing. The casing may be a steel casing, an aluminum casing, a plastic casing (such as a polypropylene casing), a composite metal casing (such as a copper-aluminum composite casing), or an aluminum-plastic film, etc. In some embodiments, the casing may be a sealed structure or a non-sealed structure. As an example, when the casing is a non-sealed structure, the casing serves to protect the electrode assembly, and a sealing bag is included between the casing and the electrode assembly to encapsulate the electrode assembly and electrolyte. Specifically, the sealing bag may be a bag-shaped insulating component or an aluminum-plastic film. When the casing is a sealed structure, it is used to encapsulate components such as the electrode assembly and electrolyte.

[0116] As an example, the battery cell 11 can be a cylindrical battery cell, a prismatic battery cell, a pouch battery cell, or a battery cell of other shapes. Prismatic battery cells include prismatic battery cells, blade-shaped battery cells, and multi-prismatic battery cells, such as hexagonal prismatic battery cells. This application does not have any particular limitations.

[0117] In some embodiments, the housing includes an end cap and a housing, the housing having an opening, and the end cap covering the opening. The housing may have one or more openings. The end cap may also have one or more.

[0118] In some embodiments, at least one electrode terminal is provided on the housing, and the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the tab. The electrode terminal can be directly connected to the tab, or it can be indirectly connected to the tab through a current collector. The electrode terminal can be provided on the end cap or on the housing.

[0119] In some embodiments, a pressure relief mechanism is provided on the housing. The pressure relief mechanism is used to release the internal gas of the battery cell 11.

[0120] As an example, the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 11 is actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature when it reaches a predetermined threshold. When the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 11 reaches the predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is activated or a weak structure in the pressure relief mechanism is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released. The threshold design varies depending on the design requirements. The threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator in the battery cell 11.

[0121] In some embodiments, the battery cell assembly is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells 11.

[0122] The battery device 1 mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include one or more battery cell assemblies for providing voltage and capacity.

[0123] As an example, a battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells 11 together to form an independent module. As an example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells 11 together with cable ties.

[0124] In some embodiments, the battery device 1 may be a battery pack, which includes a housing and one or more individual battery cells housed within the housing.

[0125] As an example, the battery cell assembly can be a battery module, and the battery cell assembly can be housed in the housing by fixing the battery module in the housing.

[0126] As an example, the battery cell assembly can also be housed in the housing by directly fixing multiple battery cells 11 to the housing.

[0127] As an example, the enclosure may include a first enclosure 13 and a second enclosure 14. The first enclosure 13 and the second enclosure 14 are fastened together to form a closed space inside the enclosure for housing the battery cell assembly. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first enclosure 13 may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0128] As an example, the housing may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and the bottom plate are respectively connected to the frame, forming an enclosed space inside the housing to accommodate individual battery cells. The heat exchange plate 3194 in this embodiment can serve as the bottom plate of the housing.

[0129] The energy storage device 100 can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems, etc. The energy storage device 100 can store electrical energy as needed and output it when appropriate. For example, the energy storage device 100 can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours. The energy storage system provided in this application embodiment can be any power system that requires the use of the energy storage device 100.

[0130] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 100 is an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0131] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 100 may include modules such as a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0132] As an example, the main control module can serve as the battery management unit for battery cluster 10, used to monitor and manage battery cluster 10. The main control module can monitor information such as current, voltage, power, or temperature of battery cluster 10. For example, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of battery cluster 10. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0133] As an example, the central control module can serve as the battery management system 4 of the energy storage device 100, used to monitor and manage the energy storage device 100. The central control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature of the energy storage device 100. For example, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device 100. As an example, the central control module includes modules such as the Insulation Monitoring Module (IMM), the Master Battery Management Unit (MBMU), the Ethernet (ETH) module, and the fiber optic conversion module.

[0134] As an example, a fire protection system includes control panels, detectors, alarm devices, etc., used to detect, alarm, or extinguish fires in energy storage systems.

[0135] As an example, the power distribution module can be used to distribute power to the power consumption modules of the energy storage device 100.

[0136] This application provides an energy storage system, which includes a power conversion device and an energy storage device 100 as described in any embodiment of this application. The power conversion device is used to electrically connect the power generation device and the energy storage device 100.

[0137] A power converter system (PCS) is used to connect the power generation equipment and the energy storage device 100. The power generation equipment generates electrical energy, which can be stored in the energy storage device 100 through the power converter system. For example, the power generation equipment may be a solar panel, hydroelectric power generation equipment, thermal power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, etc. The specific type of power generation equipment is not limited in this application.

[0138] This application provides a charging network, which includes an energy storage device 100 or an energy storage system as described in any embodiment of this application. The charging network also includes charging piles, and the energy storage device 100 is used to provide power to the charging piles.

[0139] The charging pile is electrically connected to an energy storage device 100, which provides power to the charging pile. The charging pile is also electrically connected to a battery unit 1 within the energy storage device 100 via a cable, allowing the battery unit 1 to supply its stored electrical energy to the charging pile. The charging pile has one or more connectors for connecting to electrical equipment (such as a vehicle), thereby enabling the charging equipment to receive additional power.

[0140] The energy storage device 100 can be located inside the charging pile (e.g., an integrated energy storage and charging unit) or outside the charging pile.

[0141] In related technologies, most water storage tanks only have single-phase hot water energy storage and cannot realize heat exchange function, which cannot meet the cooling capacity requirements of thermal management system scenarios. Energy storage devices using electrochemical battery cells are a new type of energy storage method, and there is still no application development work on water storage tanks in energy storage device scenarios.

[0142] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage device, which includes a cabinet, a thermal management system, and at least two battery devices. Each battery device includes a single battery cell. The cabinet has a battery compartment, in which the battery devices are housed. The thermal management system includes a heat exchanger unit and a refrigerant unit. The heat exchanger unit includes a storage container and a heat exchange circuit. The heat exchange circuit includes a main heat exchange flow path, and the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit is used for heat exchange with the single battery cell. The storage container includes a storage chamber for storing the heat exchange medium, and the storage chamber is connected to the main heat exchange flow path. The refrigerant unit includes a refrigerant circuit, in which the refrigerant is used for heat exchange with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit.

[0143] The energy storage device provided in this application embodiment applies a storage container to the thermal management system of the energy storage device. The heat exchange medium can obtain heat or cold from refrigerant or other energy sources to regulate its temperature, for example, by lowering or raising the temperature of the heat exchange medium. The storage chamber can store the heat exchange medium. In this way, a portion of the heat exchange medium that has received heat or cold is stored in the storage container, realizing the storage of heat or cold. When a battery cell has heating or cooling requirements, the heat or cold stored in the storage container can be utilized. By using a storage container to store heat or cold, the cooling or heating capacity of the refrigerant unit can be reduced, thus reducing energy consumption. This is especially beneficial for reducing costs when applied to centralized large-scale energy storage units.

[0144] The energy storage device 100 provided in the embodiments of this application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Please refer to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 12 The energy storage device 100 provided in this application embodiment includes a cabinet 2, a thermal management system 3, and at least two battery devices 1.

[0145] Each battery device 1 includes a single battery cell 11. The cabinet 2 has a battery compartment in which the battery device 1 is housed.

[0146] The cabinet 2 can provide protection for the battery device 1. The shape of the cabinet 2 is not limited; for example, the cabinet 2 can be hexahedral, such as cuboid or cube, etc.

[0147] Please see Figures 3 to 12 The thermal management system 3 includes a heat exchanger unit 31 and a refrigerant unit 32. The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a storage container 311 and a heat exchange circuit 312. The heat exchange circuit 312 includes a main heat exchange flow path 3121. The heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit 312 is used for heat exchange with the battery cells 11. The storage container 311 includes a storage chamber 311a for storing the heat exchange medium, and the storage chamber 311a is connected to the main heat exchange flow path 3121. The refrigerant unit 32 includes a refrigerant circuit 321, and the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321 is used for heat exchange with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit 312.

[0148] The heat exchange loop 312 is used to circulate the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange loop 312 refers to the flow path of the heat exchange medium, which can circulate in the heat exchange loop 312.

[0149] The heat exchange medium is a flowable fluid used to absorb or release heat to heat or cool the battery cell 11. The heat exchange medium can remain in a liquid state after absorbing or releasing heat; that is, it can maintain its phase unchanged. Examples of heat exchange mediums include, but are not limited to, pure water or an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.

[0150] The refrigerant circuit 321 is used to circulate refrigerant. The refrigerant circuit 321 refers to the flow path of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant can circulate in the refrigerant circuit 321.

[0151] The refrigerant and the heat exchange medium can be different. The refrigerant is a flowable fluid that can easily absorb heat to become a gas and easily release heat to become a liquid. The refrigerant can undergo a phase change after absorbing or releasing heat. For example, refrigerants include, but are not limited to, fluorides (such as HFC refrigerants) or HC hydrocarbon refrigerants, etc.

[0152] The refrigerant can circulate in the refrigerant circuit 321, and the heat exchange medium circulates in the heat exchange circuit 312. The thermal management system 3 uses the refrigerant and the heat exchange medium as intermediate media to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 11.

[0153] The heat exchange main flow path 3121 is a part of the structure of the heat exchange loop 312. The storage cavity 311a is connected to the heat exchange main flow path 3121, that is, the heat exchange working fluid can flow between the heat exchange main flow path 3121 and the storage cavity 311a.

[0154] For example, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321 exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit 312. The heat or cold energy of the refrigerant is transferred to the heat exchange medium through heat exchange, regulating the temperature of the heat exchange medium, for example, lowering or raising its temperature. The storage chamber 311a can store the heat exchange medium. Thus, a portion of the heat exchange medium that has received heat or cold energy is stored in the storage container 311, achieving the storage of heat or cold energy. Of course, the heat exchange medium can also obtain heat or cold energy from other energy sources, such as a power source.

[0155] The energy storage device 100 provided in this embodiment uses a storage container 311 in its thermal management system 3. The heat exchange medium can obtain heat or cold from a refrigerant or other energy source to regulate its temperature, for example, by lowering or raising it. The storage chamber 311a can store the heat exchange medium. Thus, the portion of the heat exchange medium that has received heat or cold is stored in the storage container 311, achieving heat or cold storage. When the battery cell 11 has heating or cooling requirements, the heat or cold stored in the storage container 311 can be utilized. By using the storage container 311 to store heat or cold, the cooling or heating capacity of the refrigerant unit 32 can be reduced, thus reducing energy consumption. This is particularly beneficial for reducing costs when applied to centralized large-scale energy storage devices 100.

[0156] It is understandable that a temperature difference exists between the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit 312 and the battery cell 11, allowing for heat exchange; similarly, a temperature difference exists between the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321 and the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit 312, allowing for heat exchange.

[0157] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 10 The refrigerant unit 32 includes an air-cooled heat exchanger 324, a compressor 325, a heat exchange device 322, and a throttling device 326. The air-cooled heat exchanger 324, the compressor 325, the heat exchange device 322, and the throttling device 326 are connected in series in the refrigerant circuit 321. The refrigerant in the air-cooled heat exchanger 324 is used to exchange heat with the air, and the refrigerant in the heat exchange device 322 is used to exchange heat with the heat exchange working fluid in the heat exchange main flow path 3121.

[0158] The air-cooled heat exchanger 324 is a device that allows refrigerant to circulate and enables heat exchange between the refrigerant and an air source.

[0159] Compressor 325 is used to compress and circulate refrigerant, converting low-pressure gaseous refrigerant into high-pressure gaseous refrigerant.

[0160] The heat exchange device 322 is a device that allows refrigerant to flow through and enables heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange medium.

[0161] The throttling device 326 is a device that allows refrigerant to flow and throttles and reduces the pressure of the refrigerant.

[0162] The working principle of the refrigerant unit 32 is as follows: the compressor 325 draws in low-pressure gaseous refrigerant and compresses it into high pressure before discharging it; the discharged high-pressure refrigerant enters the condenser, where it transfers heat to other fluids to condense into a high-pressure liquid; the high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows through the throttling device 326 to reduce pressure and becomes a low-pressure, low-temperature gas-liquid two-phase mixture that enters the evaporator; the refrigerant in the evaporator absorbs heat from other fluids and becomes a low-pressure gas; the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is then drawn in by the compressor 325 again; this cycle repeats to achieve heat exchange.

[0163] Understandably, based on the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321, one of the air-cooled heat exchanger 324 and the heat exchange device 322 can function as a condenser, and the other as an evaporator. The other fluids here include air and the heat exchange medium. A condenser is a device that transfers heat from the refrigerant to other fluids to condense into a high-pressure liquid, while an evaporator is a device that absorbs heat from other fluids to become a low-pressure gas.

[0164] In this embodiment, heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air source is achieved through the air-cooled heat exchanger 324, and heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange medium is achieved through the heat exchange device 322. The refrigerant and the heat exchange medium are used as intermediate media to achieve heat exchange between the air source and the battery cell 11, thereby raising or lowering the temperature of the battery cell 11.

[0165] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 8The refrigerant unit 32 includes a reversing device 327, which is disposed in the refrigerant circuit 321 to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321.

[0166] The reversing device 327 is used to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321. For example, when the refrigerant flows in the forward direction in the refrigerant circuit 321, it can flow out from the outlet of the compressor 325 and flow sequentially through the air-cooled heat exchanger 324, the throttling device 326 and the heat exchanger 322, and then flow back into the compressor 325 through the suction port of the compressor 325. When the reversing device 327 switches the refrigerant flow direction to the reverse direction, the refrigerant flows in the reverse direction in the refrigerant circuit 321. It can flow out from the outlet of the compressor 325 and flow sequentially through the heat exchanger 322, the throttling device 326 and the air-cooled heat exchanger 324, and then flow back into the compressor 325 through the suction port of the compressor 325.

[0167] It is understandable that forward and reverse are the two opposite flow directions of the refrigerant in refrigerant circuit 321.

[0168] For example, the reversing device 327 can be a four-way valve. A four-way valve is a control valve with four ports. The four-way valve can change the flow direction of the refrigerant by opening or closing the different ports.

[0169] In this embodiment, the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321 is changed by the reversing device 327, so that the refrigerant unit 32 can provide both cooling and heating functions. The refrigerant unit 32 can also be called a heat pump refrigerant unit 32, which has the advantage of energy saving.

[0170] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 10 The refrigerant unit 32 may not be equipped with a reversing device 327. The refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321 circulates in one direction. The heat exchange device 322 can act as an evaporator, absorbing only the heat of the heat exchange medium, while the air-cooled heat exchanger 324 acts as a condenser, releasing only the heat to the air source. The refrigerant unit 32 only provides the cooling function.

[0171] In some embodiments, the air-cooled heat exchanger 324 may include a refrigerant flow pipe and fins. The fins are disposed on the refrigerant flow pipe, which is used to flow refrigerant, and the fins are used to increase the heat exchange area of ​​the refrigerant flow pipe. That is, the air-cooled heat exchanger 324 can be a finned tube heat exchanger.

[0172] In some embodiments, the throttling device 326 may be a throttling expansion valve.

[0173] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 10The refrigerant unit 32 may include a liquid receiver 328 and a refrigerant filling port 329, both of which are located in the refrigerant circuit 321. There may be one or more liquid receivers 328 and one or more refrigerant filling ports 329. For example, both the liquid receiver 328 and the refrigerant filling port 329 are located between the air-cooled heat exchanger 324 and the heat exchange device 322. The refrigerant filling port 329 is used to inject refrigerant into the refrigerant circuit 321. The liquid receiver 328 is used to store the remaining refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 321.

[0174] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 6 The storage container 311 includes a first storage container 31101, and the refrigerant unit 32 includes a heat exchange device 322, which includes a first heat exchanger 32201. The first heat exchanger 32201 is located in the storage cavity 311a of the first storage container 31101.

[0175] The first storage container 31101 is a type of storage container 311. The first heat exchanger 32201 is a type of heat exchange device 322, and the first heat exchanger 32201 is used to circulate refrigerant.

[0176] For example, the pipes of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 are connected to the inlet and outlet of the first storage container 31101. Specifically, both the inlet and outlet of the first storage container 31101 are connected to the storage chamber 311a of the first storage container 31101. The first storage container 31101 can be connected in series in the heat exchange main flow path 3121, and all the heat exchange working fluid in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 can directly enter and exit the storage chamber 311a of the first storage container 31101.

[0177] In this embodiment, the first heat exchanger 32201 is located in the storage cavity 311a of the first storage container 31101. The storage cavity 311a stores the heat exchange medium. The first heat exchanger 32201 can be at least partially immersed in the heat exchange medium in the storage cavity 311a. The refrigerant in the first heat exchanger 32201 exchanges heat with the heat exchange medium in the storage cavity 311a.

[0178] In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger 32201 may include a bent refrigerant bend for circulating refrigerant. Exemplarily, the refrigerant bend may extend in a serpentine pattern. This bent extension of the refrigerant bend maximizes the heat exchange area within a limited volume, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0179] In some embodiments, the flow direction of the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger is opposite to the flow direction of the heat exchange medium in the first storage container 31101. The staggered flow of the refrigerant in the first heat exchanger and the heat exchange medium in the first storage container 31101 facilitates heat exchange.

[0180] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 10 The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a main pump 3195, which can be installed in the heat exchange main flow path 3121. For example, the main pump 3195 can be installed in a pipe section of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 located upstream or downstream of the first storage container 31101. The main pump 3195 provides driving force for driving the flow of the heat exchange working fluid in the heat exchange loop 312.

[0181] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 7 to 10 The storage container 311 includes a second storage container 31102, and the refrigerant unit 32 includes a heat exchange device 322, which includes a second heat exchanger 32202. The second heat exchanger 32202 includes a heat exchange channel and a refrigerant channel. The refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant circuit 321, and the heat exchange channel is connected to the main heat exchange flow path 3121. Specifically, the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant channel.

[0182] The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a heat exchange branch 313, and the heat exchange main flow path 3121 includes a first node 3121a and a second node 3121b located at both ends of the heat exchange channel. The two ends of the heat exchange branch 313 are respectively connected to the first node 3121a and the second node 3121b. The second storage container 31102 is connected in series in the heat exchange branch 313.

[0183] The second heat exchanger 32202 is a type of heat exchange device 322, and the second storage container 31102 is a type of storage container 311. For example, the second storage container 31102 may not have a refrigerant flow pipeline.

[0184] For example, the pipe of heat exchange branch 313 is connected to the inlet and outlet of the second storage container 31102. Specifically, the inlet and outlet of the second storage container 31102 are both connected to the storage chamber 311a of the second storage container 31102. At least a portion of the heat exchange medium in the main heat exchange flow path 3121 can enter the heat exchange branch 313, and all the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange branch 313 can enter and exit the second storage container 31102.

[0185] The heat exchange channel is connected to the heat exchange main flow path 3121. The heat exchange channel can be part of the heat exchange loop 312. At least part of the heat exchange working fluid in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 can enter and exit the heat exchange channel and exchange heat with the refrigerant in the refrigerant channel.

[0186] The refrigerant in the refrigerant channel and the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel can exchange heat. In other words, the second heat exchanger 32202 is a device used to realize heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange medium.

[0187] If the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 enters the second heat exchanger 32202, the second heat exchanger 32202 can realize heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange medium. If the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 enters the heat exchange branch 313, the heat exchange medium can enter the storage chamber 311a of the second storage device.

[0188] In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium and the refrigerant exchange heat in the second heat exchanger 32202, and then the heat or cold is stored in the second storage tank. The second heat exchanger 32202 and the second storage tank are separate and independent, the flow path of the heat exchange medium is more diverse, and the thermal management system 3 can provide richer functions.

[0189] In some embodiments, the second heat exchanger 32202 may include multiple stacked heat exchange plates, with adjacent heat exchange plates assembled to form a hollow channel, part of which serves as a refrigerant channel and the other part as a heat exchange channel. That is, the second heat exchanger 32202 can be a plate heat exchanger. Heat transfer between the refrigerant in the refrigerant channel and the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel can occur through the heat exchange plates.

[0190] The manufacturing method of the heat exchange fins is not limited. The heat exchange fins can be made of metal material pressed into a plate-like structure with grooves. The grooves of two heat exchange fins are spliced ​​together to form a hollow channel. The heat exchange fins can be fastened together with screws or bolts.

[0191] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 10 The heat exchange main flow path 3121 includes a third node 3121c and a fourth node 3121d. The third node 3121c is located between the heat exchange channel and the first node 3121a, and the fourth node 3121d is located between the heat exchange channel and the second node 3121b.

[0192] The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a heating branch 314 and a heating device 315. The heating branch 314 connects the third node 3121c and the fourth node 3121d. The heating device 315 is used to heat the heat exchange medium flowing through the heating branch 314.

[0193] The heating device 315 is used to provide thermal energy to heat the heat exchange medium.

[0194] In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium in the main heat exchange path 3121 enters the heating branch 314. The heating device 315 can raise the temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing through the heating branch 314. The heated heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the battery cell 11 through the heat exchange circuit 312 to provide heating for the battery cell 11. The heated heat exchange medium can also enter the heat exchange branch 313 to achieve heat storage. By using the heating branch 314 and the heating device 315 to provide heating for the heat exchange medium, the refrigerant unit 32 can only be used to absorb heat from the heat exchange medium to provide cooling, without providing heating, thus simplifying the structure and control method of the refrigerant unit 32.

[0195] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 8 The heat exchanger unit 31 may not have a heating device 315 and a heating branch 314. The refrigerant unit 32 can both heat and cool; the heat exchange medium absorbs or releases heat by exchanging heat with the refrigerant to cool or heat the battery cells 11. For example, if the refrigerant unit 32 includes a commutation device 327, the heat exchanger unit 31 may not need to have a heating branch 314 and a heating device 315. The specific structure and principle have been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0196] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 10 The storage container 311 includes a first storage container 31101, and the heat exchange device 322 includes a first heat exchanger 32201.

[0197] The refrigerant unit 32 includes a refrigerant branch 323, the two ends of which are connected to the pipe sections of the refrigerant circuit 321 located at both ends of the refrigerant channel. The first heat exchanger 32201 is connected in series in the heat exchange branch 313 and is located in the storage chamber 311a of the first storage container 31101.

[0198] In this embodiment, the refrigerant unit 32 has both a first heat exchanger 32201 and a second heat exchanger 32202, which are connected in parallel. The heat exchange unit 31 has a first storage container 31101 and a second storage container 31102. In this way, the thermal management system 3 has more diverse refrigerant flow paths and heat exchange working fluid flow paths. Both the first and second storage containers can provide the function of storing heat and cold. Both the first heat exchanger 32201 and the second heat exchanger 32202 can provide the function of heat exchange between refrigerant and heat exchange working fluid. This is beneficial for selecting and combining diverse refrigerant flow paths and heat exchange working fluid flow paths according to the cooling and heating requirements of the battery cell 11.

[0199] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 10The refrigerant unit 32 includes a first on / off valve 3291 disposed in the refrigerant branch 323. The first on / off valve 3291 is used to open or close the refrigerant branch 323. The first on / off valve 3291 can control the flow of refrigerant through the first heat exchanger 32201 or prevent the refrigerant from flowing through the first heat exchanger 32201.

[0200] In some embodiments, the heating device 315 is a single unit. This reduces the number of parts in the heat exchanger unit 31 and simplifies the assembly process.

[0201] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 10 There are at least two heating devices 315, and at least two heating devices 315 are connected in series in the heating branch 314.

[0202] In this embodiment, at least two heating devices 315 are connected in series in the heating branch 314. The heat exchange medium in the heating flow path flows through at least two heating devices 315 in sequence, which can reduce the load on a single heating device 315 and improve the heating effect.

[0203] The heating device 315 may be a structure that converts electrical energy into heat energy. For example, the heating device 315 includes, but is not limited to, a resistance heater and / or a positive temperature coefficient heater, etc.

[0204] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 10 The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a first valve 316, a second valve 317, and a third valve 318. The first valve 316 is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange flow path 3121 between the third node 3121c and the heat exchange channel. The second valve 317 is located in the heating branch 314. The third valve 318 is located in the heat exchange branch 313.

[0205] Specifically, the second valve 317 is located upstream of the heating device 315 along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium. The third valve 318 is located upstream of the second storage container 31102 along the flow direction of the heat exchange medium.

[0206] The first valve 316 can selectively open or close the pipe section of the total heat exchange flow path 3121 located between the third node 3121c and the heat exchange channel, so that the heat exchange medium can enter the heat exchange channel or cannot enter the heat exchange channel.

[0207] The second valve 317 can selectively open or close the heating branch 314, allowing the heat exchange medium to flow through the heating device 315 or not.

[0208] The third valve 318 can selectively open or close the heat exchange branch 313, allowing the heat exchange medium to flow through the second storage container 31102 or not to flow through the second storage container 31102.

[0209] In this embodiment, the flow path of the heat exchange medium can be changed by controlling the opening and closing of the first valve 316, the second valve 317 and the third valve 318.

[0210] In some embodiments, the first valve 316, the second valve 317, and the third valve 318 are all electrically controlled valves, for example, the first valve 316, the second valve 317, and the third valve 318 are all solenoid valves.

[0211] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes a refrigerant cooling mode; in the refrigerant cooling mode, the first valve 316 is in the open state, the second valve 317 and the third valve 318 are in the closed state, the refrigerant unit 32 is in the working state, and the heating device 315 is in the off state.

[0212] The refrigerant cooling mode is used to cool down the battery cell 11.

[0213] The first valve 316 is in the open state, the heat exchange channel is in the conductive state, and all the heat exchange working fluid of the total heat exchange flow path 3121 flows through the heat exchange channel.

[0214] The second valve 317 and the third valve 318 are in the closed state, and the heating branch 314 and the heat exchange branch 313 are both in the cut-off state, that is, the heat exchange medium is not flowing in the heating branch 314 and the heat exchange branch 313.

[0215] The refrigerant unit 32 being in working condition means that the refrigerant unit 32 is in operation, and the refrigerant is circulating in the refrigerant circuit 321 and can exchange heat with the heat exchange medium.

[0216] The heating device 315 being in a shutdown state means that the heating device 315 is not providing heat, for example, the heating device 315 is in a power-off state.

[0217] In this embodiment, under refrigerant cooling mode, all the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path 3121 flows through the heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger 32202. The refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant channel of the second heat exchanger 32202 absorbs the heat of the heat exchange medium and provides cooling function for the battery cell 11.

[0218] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the refrigerant cooling mode, wherein the working medium cooling threshold is not greater than the cooling start threshold.

[0219] The working fluid refrigeration threshold not greater than the refrigeration start threshold means that the working fluid refrigeration threshold is less than or equal to the refrigeration start threshold.

[0220] The temperature of battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold, meaning the temperature of battery cell 11 is too high, which may affect the charging and discharging performance of battery cell 11, requiring cooling. The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is higher than the working medium cooling threshold, meaning the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the storage chamber 311a is too high and not suitable for absorbing heat from battery cell 11 to lower its temperature. Therefore, when the temperature of battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is higher than the working medium cooling threshold, battery cell 11 has a cooling requirement. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is too high, the refrigerant unit 32 is selected to absorb heat and provide cooling, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0221] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the battery cell 11 has a cooling demand. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is too high, the refrigerant unit 32 is selected to absorb heat and provide the function, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0222] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes an energy storage cooling mode; in the energy storage cooling mode, the first valve 316 and the second valve 317 are both closed, the third valve 318 is open, the refrigerant unit 32 is shut down, and the heating device 315 is shut down.

[0223] The energy storage cooling mode is used to cool down the battery cell 11.

[0224] Both the first valve 316 and the second valve 317 are closed, and both the heat exchange channel and the heating branch 314 are cut off, meaning that the heat exchange medium is not flowing through either the heat exchange channel or the heating branch 314.

[0225] The third valve 318 is in the open state, the heat exchange branch 313 is in the conducting state, and all the heat exchange working fluid of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 flows through the heat exchange branch 313 and the second storage container 31102.

[0226] The refrigerant unit 32 being in a shutdown state means that the refrigerant unit 32 is not running, and the refrigerant is basically not flowing in the refrigerant circuit 321.

[0227] In this embodiment, in the energy storage cooling mode, all the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path 3121 flows through the second storage container 31102. The heat exchange medium stored in the second storage container 31102 absorbs the heat from the battery cell 11 to achieve cooling of the battery cell 11. In the energy storage cooling mode, the refrigerant unit 32 is in a shutdown state, which can reduce energy loss and reduce the cooling capacity of the refrigerant unit 32. The cooling function is provided by utilizing the cold energy stored in the second storage container 31102, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0228] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the energy storage cooling mode, wherein the working medium cooling threshold is not greater than the cooling start threshold.

[0229] The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 not exceeding the working fluid refrigeration threshold means that the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is less than or equal to the working fluid refrigeration threshold.

[0230] The temperature of battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold, meaning the temperature of battery cell 11 is too high, which may affect the charging and discharging performance of battery cell 11, requiring cooling. The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not higher than the working medium cooling threshold, meaning the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the storage chamber 311a is low, suitable for absorbing heat from battery cell 11 to reduce the temperature of battery cell 11. Therefore, when the temperature of battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not higher than the working medium cooling threshold, battery cell 11 has a cooling requirement. The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is low, so selecting the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 to absorb heat and provide cooling is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0231] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not higher than the cooling threshold of the medium, the battery cell 11 has a cooling requirement. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is low, the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is selected to absorb heat and provide the cooling function, which is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0232] For example, the cooling start-up threshold is T1, where 25℃≤T1≤60℃. For example, the cooling start-up threshold can be 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, or 60℃, etc.

[0233] For example, the working fluid refrigeration threshold is T2, where 15℃≤T2≤25℃. For example, the working fluid refrigeration threshold can be 15℃, 16℃, 17℃, 18℃, 20℃, 22℃, 24℃, or 25℃, etc.

[0234] In some embodiments, the battery device 1 includes a battery temperature detection element 12 for detecting the temperature of the individual battery cells 11. The battery temperature detection element 12, the first valve 316, the second valve 317, and the third valve 318 are all electrically connected to the battery management system 4.

[0235] Battery temperature detection element 12 includes, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor.

[0236] As an example, when the energy storage device 100 is in a normal power supply and operating state, the battery management system 4 receives temperature sampling information from the battery temperature detection device 12 and determines whether the temperature of the battery cell 11 is greater than the cooling start threshold. If the cooling start threshold is reached, the battery management system 4 continues to determine whether the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is higher than the working medium cooling threshold. If the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the refrigerant cooling mode. If the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the energy storage cooling mode.

[0237] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes a heating mode; in the heating mode, the first valve 316 and the third valve 318 are both closed, the second valve 317 is open, the refrigerant unit 32 is shut down, and the heating device 315 is in operation.

[0238] The heating mode is used to heat up the battery cell 11.

[0239] Both the first valve 316 and the third valve 318 are closed, and the heat exchange channel and heat exchange branch 313 are cut off.

[0240] The second valve 317 is in the open state, the heating branch 314 is in the conducting state, and the heat exchange medium of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 flows through the heating branch 314 and is heated by the heating device 315.

[0241] The heating device 315 being in working condition means that the heating device 315 is in operation and generates heat.

[0242] In this embodiment, the heating device 315 heats the heat exchange medium, which releases heat to the battery cell 11 to provide heating for the battery cell 11. Using the heating device 315 to provide heating can relatively quickly increase the temperature of the battery cell 11 and improve heating efficiency.

[0243] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the heating mode, wherein the working medium heating threshold is not less than the heating start threshold.

[0244] The working fluid heating threshold is not less than the heating start threshold, which means that the working fluid heating threshold is greater than or equal to the heating start threshold.

[0245] It is understandable that the heating start-up threshold is lower than the cooling start-up threshold.

[0246] The temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start-up threshold, meaning that the temperature of the battery cell 11 is too low, which may affect the charging and discharging performance of the battery cell 11, and heating is required to raise the temperature of the battery cell 11. The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is lower than the working medium heating threshold, meaning that the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is too low and not suitable for releasing heat to the battery cell 11 to raise the temperature of the battery cell 11. Therefore, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start-up threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is lower than the working medium heating threshold, the battery cell 11 has a heating requirement. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is too low, the heating device 315 is selected to release heat to provide the heating function, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0247] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is lower than the working medium heating threshold, the battery cell 11 has a heating requirement. Since the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is low, the heating device 315 is selected to release heat to provide the heating function, which is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0248] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes an energy storage heating mode; in the energy storage heating mode, the first valve 316 and the second valve 317 are both in the closed state, the third valve 318 is in the open state, and the refrigerant unit 32 and the heating device 315 are both in the off state.

[0249] Both the first valve 316 and the second valve 317 are closed, and both the heat exchange channel and the heating branch 314 are cut off, with no heat exchange medium flowing through either the heat exchange channel or the heating branch 314.

[0250] The third valve 318 is in the open state, the heat exchange branch 313 is in the conductive state, and the heat exchange branch 313 and the second storage container 31102 are in the flow of heat exchange working fluid.

[0251] In this embodiment, in the energy storage heating mode, all the heat exchange medium in the total heat exchange flow path 3121 flows through the second storage container 31102. The heat exchange medium stored in the second storage container 31102 releases heat to the battery cell 11 to achieve heating of the battery cell 11. In the energy storage heating mode, both the refrigerant unit 32 and the heating device 315 are in a shutdown state, which can reduce energy loss. The heating function is provided by utilizing the heat stored in the second storage container 31102, which is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0252] In some embodiments, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the energy storage heating mode, wherein the working medium heating threshold is not less than the heating start threshold.

[0253] The temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start-up threshold. In other words, the temperature of the battery cell 11 is too low, which may affect the charging and discharging performance of the battery cell 11, and heating is required to raise the temperature of the battery cell 11. The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not lower than the working medium heating threshold. In other words, the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is high, which is suitable for releasing heat to the battery cell 11 to raise the temperature of the battery cell 11. Therefore, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start-up threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not lower than the working medium heating threshold, the battery cell 11 has a heating requirement. The high temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 makes it more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly to select the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 to release heat to provide the heating function.

[0254] In this embodiment, when the temperature of the battery cell 11 is not higher than the heating start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not lower than the working medium heating threshold, the battery cell 11 has a heating demand. The temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is relatively high. Selecting the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 to release heat to provide the heating function is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0255] For example, the heating start-up threshold is T3, where -40℃≤T3≤15℃. For example, the heating start-up threshold can be -40℃, -35℃, -30℃, -20℃, 0℃, 5℃, 10℃, or 15℃, etc.

[0256] For example, the working fluid's heating threshold is T4, where 15℃≤T4≤60℃. For example, the working fluid's heating threshold can be 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, 55℃, or 60℃, etc.

[0257] As an example, when the energy storage device 100 is in a normal power supply and operating state, the battery management system 4 receives the temperature sampling information from the battery temperature detection device 12 and determines that the temperature of the battery cell 11 is less than the cooling start threshold and reaches the heating start threshold. Then, the battery management system 4 continues to determine whether the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is lower than the working medium heating threshold. If the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the heating mode. If the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 is not lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the energy storage heating mode.

[0258] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 10 The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a fourth valve 319, a fifth valve 3191, and a liquid pump 3192. The fourth valve 319 is located in the pipe section of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 upstream of the first node 3121a, the fifth valve 3191 is located in the pipe section of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 downstream of the second node 3121b, and the liquid pump 3192 is located in the heat exchange branch 313.

[0259] Specifically, the heat exchange medium flows unidirectionally from the first node 3121a to the second node 3121b in the total heat exchange flow path 3121.

[0260] The fourth valve 319 is used to cut off or open the pipe section of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 located upstream of the first node 3121a, and the fifth valve 3191 is used to cut off or open the pipe section of the heat exchange main flow path 3121 located downstream of the second node 3121b.

[0261] The liquid pump 3192 provides driving force to drive the flow of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange branch 313.

[0262] The heat exchange main flow path 3121 is used to connect with the piping assembly, which guides the heat exchange medium to the battery device 1. If both the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are closed, the path between the heat exchange main flow path 3121 and the piping assembly is cut off, and the heat exchange medium cannot flow between them. If both the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are open, the path between the heat exchange main flow path 3121 and the piping assembly is opened, and the heat exchange medium can flow between them.

[0263] In this embodiment, the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 can control the flow path of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange main flow path 3121, and the liquid pump 3192 is set in the heat exchange branch 313 to drive the flow of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange branch 313.

[0264] In some embodiments, the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are both electrically controlled valves, for example, both the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are solenoid valves.

[0265] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes a heat storage mode; in the heat storage mode, the second valve 317 and the third valve 318 are both in the open state, the first valve 316, the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are all in the closed state, and the liquid pump 3192 and the heating device 315 are both in the working state.

[0266] The second valve 317 and the third valve 318 are both in the open state, while the first valve 316, the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are all in the closed state. A circulating flow path is formed between the heating branch 314, the heat exchange branch 313 and the second storage container 31102, and the heat exchange working fluid circulates between the heating branch 314, the heat exchange branch 313 and the second storage container 31102.

[0267] When liquid pump 3192 is in working condition, it means that liquid pump 3192 is in operation and drives the flow of heat exchange medium.

[0268] In this embodiment, both the liquid pump 3192 and the heating device 315 are in operation. The liquid pump 3192 drives the heat exchange medium to circulate between the heating branch 314, the heat exchange branch 313 and the second storage container 31102. The heating device 315 heats the circulating heat exchange medium, so that the second storage container 31102 stores heat.

[0269] In some embodiments, when all battery devices 1 are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is below the thermal storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the thermal storage mode.

[0270] All battery devices 1 are in a non-operating state, which means that all battery devices 1 are in a static state and none of the battery cells 11 of all battery devices 1 are being charged or discharged.

[0271] At least one battery device 1 is in an operational state, meaning that at least one battery cell 11 of the battery device 1 is being charged and discharged.

[0272] All battery devices 1 are in a non-operating state, and the individual battery cells 11 of battery devices 1 do not require heating or cooling. The ambient temperature is lower than the heat storage start-up threshold. The low ambient temperature indicates that the individual battery cells 11 have a heating requirement after entering the operating state. Therefore, when all battery devices 1 are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is lower than the heat storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the heat storage mode and uses the heating device 315 to provide heat to the second storage container 31102, thereby increasing the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 so that the second storage container 31102 can provide heating function for the individual battery cells 11 after the battery devices 1 enter the operating state.

[0273] In this embodiment, when all battery devices 1 are in a non-working state and the ambient temperature is lower than the heat storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the heat storage mode and uses the heating device 315 to provide heat to the second storage container 31102, thereby increasing the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102, so that the second storage container 31102 can provide heating function for the battery cells 11 after the battery devices 1 enter the working state.

[0274] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes a cold storage mode; in the cold storage mode, the first valve 316 and the third valve 318 are both in the open state, the second valve 317, the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are all in the closed state, and the liquid pump 3192 and the refrigerant unit 32 are both in the working state.

[0275] The first valve 316 and the third valve 318 are both in the open state, while the second valve 317, the fourth valve 319 and the fifth valve 3191 are all in the closed state. A circulating flow path is formed between the heat exchange channel, the heat exchange branch 313 and the second storage container 31102, and the heat exchange working fluid circulates between the heat exchange channel, the heat exchange branch 313 and the second storage container 31102.

[0276] In this embodiment, both the liquid pump 3192 and the refrigerant unit 32 are in operation. The liquid pump 3192 drives the heat exchange medium to circulate between the heat exchange channel, the heat exchange branch 313, and the second storage container 31102. The refrigerant unit 32 absorbs the heat of the circulating heat exchange medium, thereby enabling the second storage container 31102 to store cold energy.

[0277] In some embodiments, when all battery devices 1 are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the cold storage mode.

[0278] All battery devices 1 are in a non-operating state, and the individual battery cells 11 of battery devices 1 do not require heating or cooling. When the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start-up threshold, the higher ambient temperature indicates that the individual battery cells 11 will have a cooling requirement after entering the operating state. Therefore, when all battery devices 1 are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the cold storage mode. It uses the refrigerant unit 32 to absorb the heat of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 and lowers the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 so that the second storage container 31102 can provide cooling for the individual battery cells 11 after the battery devices 1 enter the operating state.

[0279] In this embodiment, when all battery devices 1 are in a non-working state and the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the cold storage mode, using the refrigerant unit 32 to absorb the heat of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102, thereby reducing the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102, so that the second storage container 31102 can provide cooling function for the battery cells 11 after the battery devices 1 enter the working state.

[0280] For example, the thermal storage start-up threshold is T5, where -40℃≤T5≤15℃. For example, the thermal storage start-up threshold can be -40℃, -35℃, -30℃, -20℃, 0℃, 5℃, 10℃, or 15℃, etc.

[0281] For example, the cold storage start-up threshold is T6, where 25℃≤T6≤60℃. For example, the cold storage start-up threshold can be 25℃, 26℃, 28℃, 30℃, 40℃, 50℃, 55℃, or 60℃, etc.

[0282] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes an ambient temperature detection element 39 for detecting ambient temperature. The ambient temperature detection element 39 includes, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor.

[0283] As an example, when the battery management system 4 determines that the battery device 1 is in a non-operating state, the battery management system 4 makes a judgment based on the ambient temperature sampling data reported by the ambient temperature detection device 39. If the ambient temperature is lower than the heat storage start threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the heat storage mode. If the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start threshold, the thermal management system 3 enters the cold storage mode.

[0284] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes a hybrid cooling mode; in the hybrid cooling mode, the first valve 316 and the third valve 318 are both in the open state, the second valve 317 is in the closed state, the refrigerant unit 32 is in the working state, and the heating device 315 is in the off state.

[0285] In this embodiment, both the first valve 316 and the third valve 318 are in the open state. A portion of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 can enter the heat exchange channel to exchange heat with the refrigerant and cool down. Another portion of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 can mix with the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 to cool down. In this way, both the refrigerant unit 32 and the second storage container 31102 can absorb heat to provide cooling for the battery cell 11 and improve the cooling efficiency.

[0286] In some embodiments, the thermal management system 3 includes a hybrid heating mode; in the hybrid heating mode, the first valve 316 is closed, the second valve 317 and the third valve 318 are both open, the refrigerant unit 32 is shut down, and the heating device 315 is in operation.

[0287] In this embodiment, both the second valve 317 and the third valve 318 are in the open state. A portion of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 can enter the heating branch 314 and be heated by the heating device 315. Another portion of the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange main flow path 3121 can mix with the heat exchange medium in the second storage container 31102 to raise the temperature. In this way, both the heating device 315 and the second storage container 31102 can release heat to provide heating function for the battery cell 11 and improve heating efficiency.

[0288] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 6 The heat exchanger unit 31 includes an insulation structure 3193 that covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the storage container 311.

[0289] The insulation structure 3193 covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the storage container 311, for example, the insulation structure 3193 covers a portion of the outer surface of the storage container 311, or for example, the insulation structure 3193 covers the entire outer surface of the storage container 311.

[0290] In this embodiment, the insulation structure 3193 can provide thermal insulation function, increase the thermal resistance between the storage container 311 and the air, and reduce heat or cold loss.

[0291] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 7 to 10 The storage container 311 has a liquid injection port communicating with the storage cavity 311a. The thermal management system 3 includes a liquid injection pipe 33 and a liquid injection valve 34. The liquid injection pipe 33 is communicating with the liquid injection port, and the liquid injection valve 34 is disposed on the liquid injection pipe 33 to open or close the liquid injection pipe 33. The liquid injection pipe 33 is used to inject heat exchange working fluid into the storage cavity 311a.

[0292] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 10 The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a first temperature detection element 3196, which is used to detect the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the storage chamber 311a.

[0293] The first temperature sensing element 3196 includes, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor.

[0294] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 9 to 11 The heat exchange unit 31 includes a heat exchange plate 3194 disposed on the battery device 1. The heat exchange plate 3194 is used to exchange heat with the battery cell 11. The heat exchange circuit 312 includes a liquid supply main pipe 3122, a liquid supply branch pipe 3123, a liquid return main pipe 3124 and a liquid return branch pipe 3125. The heat exchange plate 3194 has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.

[0295] Both the main liquid supply line 3122 and the main liquid return line 3124 are connected to the main heat exchange flow line 3121. The main liquid supply line 3123 is connected to the main liquid supply line 3122, and the main liquid return line 3125 is connected to the main liquid return line 3124. The fluid inlet is connected to the main liquid supply line 3123, and the fluid outlet is connected to the main liquid return line 3125.

[0296] The main supply line 3122, the branch supply line 3123, the main return line 3124, and the branch return line 3125 are all used to circulate the heat exchange fluid. These lines are all part of a piping assembly that guides the heat exchange medium to the battery unit 1. The heat exchange unit 31 provides the heat exchange medium used to regulate the temperature of each battery cell 11 to each battery unit 1 through the aforementioned piping assembly.

[0297] The main liquid supply line 3122 and the branch liquid supply line 3123 are located upstream of the branch liquid return line 3125 and the main liquid return line 3124. That is to say, the heat exchange medium first flows through the main liquid supply line 3122 and the branch liquid supply line 3123, enters the heat exchange plate 3194 and exchanges heat with the battery cell 11, and then enters the branch liquid return line 3125 and the main liquid return line 3124. The heat exchange medium circulates along the main liquid supply line 3122, the branch liquid supply line 3123, the heat exchange plate 3194, the branch liquid return line 3125, the main liquid return line 3124 and the main heat exchange flow path 3121.

[0298] In this embodiment, the main liquid supply pipeline 3122, the main liquid supply branch pipeline 3123, the main liquid return pipeline 3124, and the liquid return branch pipeline 3125 constitute part of the heat exchange loop 312, realizing the circulation of the heat exchange medium. The heat exchange medium exchanges heat with the battery cell 11 through the heat exchange plate 3194 to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 11. With this design, the temperature change of the heat exchange medium is more stable during the circulation process, and the temperature of each battery cell 11 can be regulated more evenly.

[0299] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 11The main liquid supply pipeline 3122 and the main heat exchange flow path 3121 can be connected through the first interface 35, which can be a flange structure.

[0300] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 4 to 11 The return liquid main pipe 3124 and the heat exchange main flow path 3121 can be connected through the second interface 36, which can be a flange structure.

[0301] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 11 The return liquid main line 3124 can also be connected to the expansion tank 37, which can be used to store the remaining heat exchange working fluid in the return liquid main line 3124.

[0302] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 11 The liquid supply branch 3123 can be equipped with a second on / off valve 3197, which can open or close the liquid supply branch 3123.

[0303] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 11 The return branch 3125 can be equipped with a third shut-off valve 3198, which can open or close the return branch 3125.

[0304] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 11 to 12 The main liquid supply line 3122 may be equipped with a second temperature sensor 3199, which detects the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the main liquid supply line 3122. The second temperature sensor 3199 includes, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor. The second temperature sensor 3199 can be electrically connected to the battery management system, and the second temperature sensor 3199 transmits the collected temperature information to the battery management system.

[0305] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 11 to 12 A third temperature sensor 31991 can be installed in the return liquid main pipe 3124 to detect the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the return liquid main pipe 3124. The third temperature sensor 31991 includes, but is not limited to, a temperature sensor. The third temperature sensor 31991 can be electrically connected to the battery management system and transmits the collected temperature information to the battery management system.

[0306] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 9 to 11 At least two battery devices 1 are stacked to form a battery cluster 10. The fluid inlets of all battery devices 1 in the battery cluster 10 are connected to the liquid supply branch 3123, and the fluid outlets of all battery devices 1 in the battery cluster 10 are connected to the liquid return branch 3125.

[0307] For example, at least two battery devices 1 are stacked vertically to form a battery cluster 10.

[0308] In this embodiment, one battery cluster 10 corresponds to one liquid supply branch 3123 and one liquid return branch 3125. In this way, one liquid supply branch 3123 and one liquid return branch 3125 can provide heat exchange working fluid to multiple battery devices 1 of the battery cluster 10, reducing the number of pipes.

[0309] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 9 to 11 The number of battery clusters 10 is at least two. One liquid supply branch 3123 and one liquid return branch 3125 form a cluster group. Each battery cluster 10 is provided with a cluster group. The liquid supply branch 3123 of all cluster groups corresponds to a liquid supply main pipe 3122, and the liquid return branch 3125 of all cluster groups corresponds to a liquid return main pipe 3124.

[0310] For example, at least two battery clusters 10 are arranged in a horizontal direction.

[0311] In this embodiment, on the one hand, each cluster-level group's liquid supply branch 3123 corresponds to a liquid supply main pipe 3122, and each cluster-level group's liquid return branch 3125 corresponds to a liquid return main pipe 3124. That is, a liquid supply main pipe 3122 can be used to supply heat exchange medium to the battery devices 1 of all battery clusters 10, and a liquid return main pipe 3124 can receive the heat exchange medium returned from the battery devices 1 of all battery clusters 10. This simplifies the pipeline layout and reduces the number of pipelines. On the other hand, the number of battery clusters 10 is the same as the number of cluster-level groups. Each battery cluster 10 corresponds to one cluster-level group, so that each cluster-level group can independently control the heat exchange cycle of a single battery cluster 10. This ensures good reliability and facilitates the maintenance of a single battery cluster 10 without affecting other battery clusters 10.

[0312] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 100 includes one or more battery clusters 10 to enhance the voltage and capacity of the energy storage device 100.

[0313] In some embodiments, the energy storage device 100 includes a busbar, through which multiple battery devices 1 are connected in series to increase the voltage of the energy storage device 100.

[0314] In some embodiments, multiple battery clusters 10 are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device 100.

[0315] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 12 The energy storage device 100 includes a battery management system 4, which is electrically connected to a thermal management system 3 to control the thermal management system 3.

[0316] The Battery Management System (BMS) 4 can be used to monitor the status of the battery device 1.

[0317] The battery management system 4 can control the start and stop of the thermal management system 3 and the selection of modes, etc. For example, the battery management system 4 can control the thermal management system 3 to select any one of the following modes: refrigerant cooling mode, energy storage cooling mode, heating mode, energy storage heating mode, hybrid cooling mode, and hybrid heating mode.

[0318] For example, the battery management system 4 can control the start and stop of the liquid pump 3192, that is, the liquid pump 3192 switches between on and off according to the instructions of the battery management system 4.

[0319] For example, the battery management system 4 can control the start and stop of the master pump 3195, that is, the master pump 3195 switches between on and off according to the instructions of the battery management system 4.

[0320] For example, please refer to Figure 12 The battery management system 4 can control the opening and closing of various valves, such as the first valve 316, the second valve 317, the third valve 318, the fourth valve 319, and the fifth valve 3191.

[0321] For example, please refer to Figure 12 The battery management system 4 can control electronic components such as the compressor 325.

[0322] The battery management system 4 can also determine and output control commands based on the temperature reported by the first temperature sensor 3196. For example, the battery management system 4 can control the thermal management system 3 to exit the heat storage mode or the cold storage mode based on the temperature of the first temperature sensor 3196.

[0323] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 11 The thermal management system 3 may also include multiple pressure sensors 38, which can be installed on the inlet and outlet pipes of the compressor 325. Pressure sensors 38 can also be installed on the heat exchange circuit 312.

[0324] In some embodiments, the refrigerant unit 32 includes a high-pressure exhaust switch disposed in the refrigerant circuit 321. The high-pressure exhaust switch can switch the power supply circuit of the compressor 325, thereby protecting the compressor 325. The high-pressure exhaust switch has the advantage of high pressure resistance.

[0325] The following describes the energy storage device 100 provided in this application embodiment further with a specific example. Please refer to [link to specific example]. Figures 1 to 12The energy storage device 100 includes a cabinet 2, a thermal management system 3, and at least two battery devices 1. Each battery device 1 includes a single battery cell 11. The cabinet 2 has a battery compartment in which the battery devices 1 are housed. The thermal management system 3 includes a heat exchanger unit 31 and a refrigerant unit 32. The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a storage container 311 and a heat exchange circuit 312. The heat exchange circuit 312 includes a total heat exchange flow path 3121. The heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit 312 is used for heat exchange with the single battery cell 11. The storage container 311 includes a storage chamber 311a for storing the heat exchange medium, and the storage chamber 311a is connected to the total heat exchange flow path 3121. The refrigerant unit 32 includes a refrigerant circuit 321, in which the refrigerant is used for heat exchange with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit 312.

[0326] Storage container 311 includes a second storage container 31102, refrigerant unit 32 includes a heat exchange device 322, heat exchange device 322 includes a second heat exchanger 32202, the second heat exchanger 32202 includes a heat exchange channel and a refrigerant channel, the refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant circuit 321, and the heat exchange channel is connected to the heat exchange main flow path 3121; heat exchange unit 31 includes a heat exchange branch 313, the heat exchange main flow path 3121 includes a first node 3121a and a second node 3121b located at both ends of the heat exchange channel, the two ends of the heat exchange branch 313 are respectively connected to the first node 3121a and the second node 3121b, and the second storage container 31102 is connected in series in the heat exchange branch 313. The heat exchange main flow path 3121 includes a third node 3121c and a fourth node 3121d. The third node 3121c is located between the heat exchange channel and the first node 3121a, and the fourth node 3121d is located between the heat exchange channel and the second node 3121b. The heat exchange unit 31 includes a heating branch 314 and a heating device 315. The heating branch 314 connects the third node 3121c and the fourth node 3121d, and the heating device 315 is used to heat the heat exchange medium flowing through the heating branch 314. The storage container 311 includes a first storage container 31101, and the heat exchange device 322 includes a first heat exchanger 32201. The refrigerant unit 32 includes a refrigerant branch 323, the two ends of which are connected to the pipe sections of the refrigerant circuit 321 located at both ends of the refrigerant channel. The first heat exchanger 32201 is connected in series in the heat exchange branch 313 and is located in the storage cavity 311a of the first storage container 31101.

[0327] The refrigerant unit 32 includes an air-cooled heat exchanger 324, a compressor 325, a heat exchange device 322, and a throttling device 326. The air-cooled heat exchanger 324, the compressor 325, the heat exchange device 322, and the throttling device 326 are connected in series in the refrigerant circuit 321. The refrigerant in the air-cooled heat exchanger 324 is used to exchange heat with the air, and the refrigerant in the heat exchange device 322 is used to exchange heat with the heat exchange working fluid in the heat exchange main flow path 3121.

[0328] The heat exchanger unit 31 includes a first valve 316, a second valve 317, a third valve 318, a fourth valve 319, and a fifth valve 3191. The first valve 316 is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange flow path 3121 between the third node 3121c and the heat exchange channel; the second valve 317 is located in the heating branch 314; and the third valve 318 is located in the heat exchange branch 313. The fourth valve 319 is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange flow path 3121 upstream of the first node 3121a, and the fifth valve 3191 is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange flow path 3121 downstream of the second node 3121b. The liquid pump 3192 is located in the heat exchange branch 313.

[0329] The thermal management system 3 includes refrigerant cooling mode, energy storage cooling mode, heating mode, energy storage heating mode, hybrid cooling mode, and hybrid heating mode. The implementation of the above modes has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0330] In this embodiment, the heat exchange medium can obtain heat or cold from the refrigerant or heating device 315 to regulate its temperature, for example, by lowering or raising the temperature. The storage chamber 311a can store the heat exchange medium. Thus, a portion of the heat exchange medium that has received heat or cold is stored in the storage container 311, achieving heat or cold storage. When the battery cell 11 has heating or cooling requirements, the heat or cold stored in the storage container 311 can be utilized. By using the storage container 311 to store heat or cold, the cooling or heating capacity of the refrigerant unit 32 can be reduced, thus reducing energy consumption. This is particularly beneficial for reducing costs when applied to centralized large-scale energy storage devices 100. The heat exchange medium in the main heat exchange path 3121 enters the heating branch 314. The heating device 315 can raise the temperature of the heat exchange medium flowing through the heating branch 314. The heated heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the battery cell 11 through the heat exchange loop 312 to provide heating for the battery cell 11. The heated heat exchange medium can also enter the heat exchange branch 313 for heat storage. By using the heating branch 314 and the heating device 315 to provide heating for the heat exchange medium, the refrigerant unit 32 can only be used to absorb heat from the heat exchange medium to provide cooling, without providing heating, thus simplifying the structure and control method of the refrigerant unit 32. The refrigerant unit 32 has both a first heat exchanger 32201 and a second heat exchanger 32202, which are connected in parallel. The heat exchange unit 31 has a first storage container 31101 and a second storage container 31102, which facilitates the selection and combination of diverse refrigerant flow paths and heat exchange working fluid flow paths according to the cooling and heating requirements of the battery cells 11. The thermal management system 3 can adopt any one of the following modes: refrigerant cooling mode, energy storage cooling mode, heating mode, energy storage heating mode, hybrid cooling mode, and hybrid heating mode.

[0331] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that, include: At least two battery devices, each of which includes a single battery cell; The cabinet has a battery compartment, and the battery device is housed within the battery compartment; Thermal management system, including: A heat exchange unit includes a storage container and a heat exchange circuit. The heat exchange circuit includes a total heat exchange flow path. The heat exchange working fluid in the heat exchange circuit is used to exchange heat with the battery cell. The storage container includes a storage cavity for storing the heat exchange working fluid. The storage cavity is connected to the total heat exchange flow path. A refrigerant unit includes a refrigerant circuit, wherein the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is used to exchange heat with the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange circuit.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage container includes a first storage container, and the refrigerant unit includes a heat exchange device, the heat exchange device including a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger being located within the storage cavity of the first storage container.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage container includes a second storage container, the refrigerant unit includes a heat exchange device, the heat exchange device includes a second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger includes a heat exchange channel and a refrigerant channel, the refrigerant channel is connected to the refrigerant circuit, and the heat exchange channel is connected to the main heat exchange flow path; The heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange branch, and the main heat exchange flow path includes a first node and a second node located at both ends of the heat exchange channel. The two ends of the heat exchange branch are respectively connected to the first node and the second node, and the second storage container is connected in series in the heat exchange branch.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The heat exchange main flow path includes a third node and a fourth node. The third node is located between the heat exchange channel and the first node, and the fourth node is located between the heat exchange channel and the second node. The heat exchanger unit includes a heating branch and a heating device. The heating branch connects the third node and the fourth node, and the heating device is used to heat the heat exchange medium flowing through the heating branch.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The storage container includes a first storage container, and the heat exchange device includes a first heat exchanger; The refrigerant unit includes a refrigerant branch, the two ends of which are connected to the pipe sections of the refrigerant circuit located at both ends of the refrigerant channel. The first heat exchanger is connected in series in the heat exchange branch and is located in the storage cavity of the first storage container.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating device is at least two, and the at least two heating devices are connected in series in the heating branch.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heat exchange unit includes: The first valve is located in the pipe section of the heat exchange main flow path between the third node and the heat exchange channel; The second valve is located in the heating branch; The third valve is located in the heat exchange branch.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a refrigerant refrigeration mode; In the refrigerant refrigeration mode, the first valve is in the open state, the second valve and the third valve are in the closed state, the refrigerant unit is in the working state, and the heating device is in the stopped state.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the temperature of the battery cell reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the thermal management system enters the refrigerant cooling mode, wherein the working medium cooling threshold is not greater than the cooling start threshold.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes an energy storage cooling mode; In the energy storage refrigeration mode, the first valve and the second valve are both closed, the third valve is open, the refrigerant unit is shut down, and the heating device is shut down.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 10, characterized in that, When the temperature of the battery cell reaches the cooling start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is not higher than the working medium cooling threshold, the thermal management system enters the energy storage cooling mode, wherein the working medium cooling threshold is not greater than the cooling start threshold.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a heating mode; In the heating mode, the first valve and the third valve are both closed, the second valve is open, the refrigerant unit is shut down, and the heating device is in operation.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that, When the temperature of the battery cell is not higher than the heating start threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system enters the heating mode, wherein the working medium heating threshold is not less than the heating start threshold.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes an energy storage heating mode; In the energy storage heating mode, the first valve and the second valve are both closed, the third valve is open, and the refrigerant unit and the heating device are both shut down.

15. The energy storage device according to claim 14, characterized in that, When the temperature of the individual battery cell is not higher than the heating start-up threshold and the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the second storage container is not lower than the working medium heating threshold, the thermal management system enters the energy storage heating mode, wherein the working medium heating threshold is not lower than the heating start-up threshold.

16. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat exchange unit includes a fourth valve, a fifth valve, and a liquid pump. The fourth valve is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange flow path upstream of the first node, the fifth valve is located in the pipe section of the main heat exchange flow path downstream of the second node, and the liquid pump is located in the heat exchange branch.

17. The energy storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a heat storage mode; In the heat storage mode, the second valve and the third valve are both in the open state, the first valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve are all in the closed state, and the liquid pump and the heating device are both in the working state.

18. The energy storage device according to claim 17, characterized in that, When all the battery devices are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is below the thermal storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system enters the thermal storage mode.

19. The energy storage device according to claim 16, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a cold storage mode; In the cold storage mode, the first valve and the third valve are both in the open state, the second valve, the fourth valve and the fifth valve are all in the closed state, and the liquid pump and the refrigerant unit are both in the working state.

20. The energy storage device according to claim 19, characterized in that, When all the battery devices are in a non-operating state and the ambient temperature is higher than the cold storage start-up threshold, the thermal management system enters the cold storage mode.

21. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a hybrid cooling mode; In the hybrid refrigeration mode, both the first valve and the third valve are in the open state, the second valve is in the closed state, the refrigerant unit is in the working state, and the heating device is in the off state.

22. The energy storage device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system includes a hybrid heating mode; In the hybrid heating mode, the first valve is closed, the second valve and the third valve are both open, the refrigerant unit is shut down, and the heating device is in operation.

23. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The refrigerant unit includes an air-cooled heat exchanger, a compressor, a heat exchange device, and a throttling device. The air-cooled heat exchanger, the compressor, the heat exchange device, and the throttling device are connected in series in the refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant in the air-cooled heat exchanger is used to exchange heat with the air, and the refrigerant in the heat exchange device is used to exchange heat with the heat exchange working fluid in the total heat exchange flow path.

24. The energy storage device according to claim 23, characterized in that, The refrigerant unit includes a reversing device, which is disposed in the refrigerant circuit to change the flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit.

25. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The heat exchange unit includes an insulation structure that covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the storage container.

26. The energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The heat exchange unit includes a heat exchange plate disposed on the battery device, the heat exchange plate being used for heat exchange with the battery cells, the heat exchange circuit including a main liquid supply pipeline, a liquid supply branch pipeline, a main liquid return pipeline, and a liquid return branch pipeline, and the heat exchange plate having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; Both the main liquid supply pipeline and the main liquid return pipeline are connected to the main heat exchange flow path. The liquid supply branch is connected to the main liquid supply pipeline, the liquid return branch is connected to the main liquid return pipeline, the fluid inlet is connected to the liquid supply branch, and the fluid outlet is connected to the liquid return branch.

27. The energy storage device according to claim 26, characterized in that, At least two of the battery devices are stacked to form a battery cluster, wherein the fluid inlets of all the battery devices in the battery cluster are connected to the liquid supply branch, and the fluid outlets of all the battery devices in the battery cluster are connected to the liquid return branch.

28. The energy storage device according to claim 27, characterized in that, The number of battery clusters is at least two. One supply branch and one return branch form a cluster group. Each battery cluster is provided with one cluster group. The supply branches of all cluster groups correspond to one main supply pipeline, and the return branches of all cluster groups correspond to one main return pipeline.

29. An energy storage system, characterized in that, It includes a power conversion device and an energy storage device as described in any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the power conversion device is used to electrically connect the power generation device and the energy storage device.

30. A charging network, characterized in that, The energy storage network includes the energy storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 28 or the energy storage system according to claim 29, and further includes charging piles, wherein the energy storage device is used to provide power to the charging piles.

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