Automatic positioning device for socket sand core of centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatic positioning device for socket sand cores in centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes, relating to the field of centrifugal casting technology. The device includes a centrifugal casting mechanism and a socket sand core positioning mechanism. The socket sand core positioning mechanism consists of a positioning top component, grippers, and a sand core component. The positioning top component achieves lifting and axial pushing via an L-shaped sliding plate and a hydraulic telescopic cylinder. The grippers employ a motor-driven gear, rotating disk, and inclined groove structure to drive the arc-shaped grippers to synchronously extend and retract radially, precisely engaging and clamping with the annular groove of the sand core end ring. The centrifugal casting mechanism drives the centrifugally cast pipe to rotate at high speed via a centrifugal motor, pulley, and centrifugal impeller, with a hinged ball guide structure ensuring stable operation. This invention can achieve automatic clamping, automatic lifting, precise coaxial positioning, and automated casting linkage of the socket sand core, significantly improving positioning accuracy and pipe forming quality, reducing labor costs and scrap rates, and is applicable to various centrifugal casting production lines for cast iron pipes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of centrifugal casting technology, and more specifically, to an automatic positioning device for socket sand cores in centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes. Background Technology

[0002] Centrifugal casting is widely used for the mass production of various tubular and annular metal parts due to its dense molding, uniform wall thickness, and high production efficiency. It is the mainstream process for producing cast iron pipes. As a key component in the molding of cast iron pipe sockets, the installation and positioning accuracy of the socket directly determines the dimensional accuracy, molding quality, and product qualification rate of the cast iron pipe socket.

[0003] Currently in the industry, during the centrifugal casting process of cast iron pipes, the feeding, clamping, and alignment of the socket sand core are mostly completed using simple tooling, which has the following technical defects: Simple clamps cannot achieve precise coaxial alignment between sand cores and centrifugal casting molds, which can easily lead to problems such as sand core offset, tilting, and eccentricity, resulting in out-of-tolerance dimensions of the casting pipe socket, uneven wall thickness, and internal wall defects. Furthermore, the positioning mechanism lacks a reasonable guiding and limiting structure, and is prone to shaking and swaying during lifting and pushing, which further aggravates the positioning deviation. In addition, the equipment wears out quickly and has a short service life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an automatic positioning device for socket sand cores in centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes. This device can achieve a fitting clamping action by using arc-shaped grippers and the annular groove of the end ring of the sand core, and axially push it with a hydraulic telescopic cylinder to ensure that the socket sand core and the centrifugally cast pipe maintain a high degree of coaxiality. This fundamentally avoids casting pipe socket forming defects caused by sand core offset, eccentricity, and tilting, and significantly improves the dimensional accuracy of the cast pipe and the product qualification rate.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An automatic positioning device for socket sand cores in centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes includes a centrifugal casting mechanism, on which a socket sand core positioning mechanism is slidably fitted. The socket sand core positioning mechanism includes a positioning top component slidably fitted on the centrifugal casting mechanism, a clamping component fixedly mounted on the positioning top component, and a sand core component clamped and positioned on the clamping component. The centrifugal casting mechanism includes a casting base, with a U-shaped vertical plate fixed to the top of the casting base. The positioning top component includes an L-shaped sliding plate slidably fitted on the U-shaped vertical plate, and the inner wall of the L-shaped sliding plate... A hydraulic telescopic cylinder is fixedly mounted; the gripper includes a rotating shaft threadedly locked to the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder, an end circular plate is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft, and several vertical grooves are opened through the end of the end circular plate. I-shaped sliders are slidably fitted inside the several vertical grooves. Arc-shaped grippers that clamp and position the sand core are fixed to the ends of the several I-shaped sliders. A lever is fixed to the other end of the several I-shaped sliders. A rotating disk is rotatably fitted to the circumferential side of the rotating shaft through a bearing. Several oblique grooves that slidably fit with several levers are opened through the ends of the rotating disk.

[0006] The present invention is further configured such that: the sand core component includes a socket sand core, the end of the socket sand core is fixed with an end ring, and the end ring has an annular groove adapted to several arc-shaped claws inside.

[0007] The present invention is further configured such that: a special-shaped mounting plate is fixed to the outer peripheral side of the end circular plate, a first motor is fixed to one outer side of the special-shaped mounting plate, a main gear is fixed to the output shaft of the first motor, and a ring gear that meshes with the main gear is fixed to the end of the rotating disk.

[0008] The present invention is further configured such that: a motor base is fixed to the top of the U-shaped vertical plate, a second motor is fixed to the top of the motor base, and a threaded rod is fixed to the output shaft of the second motor; a lifting plate is fixed to one outer side of the L-shaped sliding plate, which is threadedly engaged with the threaded rod.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that: an extension plate is fixed to the top of the L-shaped sliding plate, an arc-shaped plate is fixed to the bottom of the extension plate, and a plurality of ball hinge seats are fixed to the inner wall of the arc-shaped plate, and each of the plurality of ball hinge seats is fitted with a hinge ball that fits into the centrifugal casting mechanism.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that: a plurality of U-shaped centrifugal seats are fixed on the top of each of the casting bases, a rotating shaft is rotatably fitted inside each of the plurality of U-shaped centrifugal seats, and centrifugal wheels are fixed on the circumferential sides of each of the plurality of rotating shafts inside the U-shaped centrifugal seats.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that: a first pulley is fixed to the end of one of the rotating shafts; a centrifugal motor is fixed to the top of the casting base on one side away from one of the U-shaped centrifugal seats; a second pulley is fixed to the output shaft of the centrifugal motor; and a transmission belt is used for transmission between the second pulley and the first pulley.

[0012] The invention is further configured such that: a centrifugal casting tube is rotatably fitted on the top of the casting base, and two annular track grooves are opened on the circumferential side of the centrifugal casting tube, which are respectively rotatably fitted with a plurality of centrifugal wheels; a controller is fixed on one outer side of the U-shaped vertical plate near the bottom, which is electrically connected to the first motor, the second motor, the hydraulic telescopic cylinder, and the centrifugal motor respectively.

[0013] The advantages of this invention are: 1. This invention adopts an interlocking clamping method with an arc-shaped gripper and an annular groove at the end of the sand core, combined with axial pushing by a hydraulic telescopic cylinder, to ensure that the socket sand core and the centrifugally cast pipe maintain a high degree of coaxiality, thereby avoiding defects in the casting pipe socket caused by sand core offset, eccentricity, and tilting, and significantly improving the dimensional accuracy and product qualification rate of the cast pipe.

[0014] 2. This invention utilizes a first motor to drive the rotating disk to rotate via a gear pair, and uses an inclined slot and a lever to achieve synchronous radial extension and retraction of multiple claws, resulting in fast, synchronous, and uniform clamping and releasing actions; the second motor, in conjunction with a threaded rod, enables the positioning mechanism to automatically lift and adjust, replacing manual handling and manual alignment, reducing labor intensity, minimizing human error, and adapting to automated production lines.

[0015] 3. This invention utilizes an L-shaped sliding plate with a hinged ball and an arc-shaped plate to form a flexible and conforming guiding structure. During the lifting and pushing process, it always rolls against the outer wall of the centrifugal casting tube, effectively suppressing the shaking, swaying and lateral movement of the mechanism, and ensuring that the sand core remains firmly positioned in the high-speed centrifugal casting environment without displacement or falling off. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic positioning device for the socket sand core in centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes according to the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the centrifugal casting mechanism of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a front view of the centrifugal casting mechanism of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the socket sand core positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning top component of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6This is a front view of the positioning top component of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the gripper component of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gripper component of the present invention from another angle.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand core component of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Centrifugal casting mechanism; 2. Socket sand core positioning mechanism; 3. Positioning top component; 4. Clamping jaws; 5. Sand core component; 101. Casting base; 102. U-shaped vertical plate; 103. Motor base; 104. Second motor; 105. Threaded rod; 106. U-shaped centrifugal base; 107. Rotating shaft; 108. Centrifugal impeller; 109. First pulley; 110. Centrifugal motor; 111. Second pulley; 112. Conveyor belt; 113. Centrifugal casting tube; 114. Annular track groove; 115. Controller; 301. L 302. Sliding plate; 303. Hydraulic telescopic cylinder; 304. Lifting plate; 305. Extension plate; 306. Arc plate; 307. Ball joint seat; 308. Hinge ball; 409. Rotating shaft; 400. End circular plate; 401. Vertical groove; 400. I-shaped slider; 401. Arc-shaped gripper; 402. Lever; 403. Rotating disk; 404. Inclined groove; 405. I-shaped mounting plate; 410. First motor; 411. Main gear; 412. Ring gear; 501. Socket sand core; 502. End ring; 503. Annular groove. Detailed Implementation

[0026] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0028] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "up" and "down" generally refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "left" and "right" generally refer to the left and right shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not intended to limit this invention.

[0029] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-9The present invention provides the following technical solution: an automatic positioning device for socket sand cores in centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes, specifically comprising a centrifugal casting mechanism 1, a socket sand core positioning mechanism 2 slidably fitted on the centrifugal casting mechanism 1, the socket sand core positioning mechanism 2 comprising a positioning top component 3 slidably fitted on the centrifugal casting mechanism 1, a gripper component 4 fixedly mounted on the positioning top component 3, and a sand core component 5 clamped and positioned on the gripper component 4; the centrifugal casting mechanism 1 comprises a casting base 101, a U-shaped vertical plate 102 fixedly mounted on the top of the casting base 101; the positioning top component 3 comprises an L-shaped sliding plate 301 slidably fitted on the U-shaped vertical plate 102, the inner wall of the L-shaped sliding plate 301 being fixed with a hydraulic... The telescopic cylinder 302; the gripper 4 includes a rotating shaft 401 threadedly locked to the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302, an end circular plate 402 fixed to the end of the rotating shaft 401, a plurality of vertical grooves 403 extending through the end of the end circular plate 402, I-shaped sliders 404 slidingly fitted inside the plurality of vertical grooves 403, an arc-shaped gripper 405 fixed to the end of the plurality of I-shaped sliders 404 for clamping and positioning with the sand core 5, and a lever 406 fixed to the other end of the plurality of I-shaped sliders 404; a rotating disk 407 rotatably fitted on the peripheral side of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302 via bearings, a plurality of oblique grooves 408 extending through the end of the rotating disk 407 for slidingly fitting with the plurality of levers 406 respectively; Furthermore, the sand core component 5 includes a socket sand core 501, with an end ring 502 fixed at the end of the socket sand core 501. The end ring 502 has an annular groove 503 inside that is adapted to several arc-shaped grippers 405. A special-shaped mounting plate 409 is fixed on the outer circumferential side of the end circular plate 402. A first motor 410 is fixed on one outer side of the special-shaped mounting plate 409. A main gear 411 is fixed on the output shaft of the first motor 410. An annular gear 412 that meshes with the main gear 411 is fixed at the end of the rotating disk 407.

[0030] The specific application of this embodiment is as follows: Before operation, the sand core 5 is placed stably at the designated loading position, so that the end ring 502 of the end of the socket sand core 501 faces the gripper 4, ensuring that the annular groove 503 on the end ring 502 and the arc-shaped gripper 405 are on the same central axis, preparing for subsequent clamping operations. During the subsequent clamping and positioning process, the controller 115 (the controller 115 has been described in the specific embodiment 2, and will not be elaborated on here) issues a clamping command to start the first motor 410 to run in the forward direction; the output shaft of the first motor 410 drives the main gear 411 to rotate, and the main gear 411 rotates. 11 meshes with the ring gear 412 on the rotating disk 407, driving the rotating disk 407 to rotate smoothly around the rotating shaft 401. When the rotating disk 407 rotates, the multiple inclined grooves 408 on its end face simultaneously push the lever 406 at the tail of the I-shaped slider 404, so that the I-shaped slider 404 slides smoothly in the radial direction along the vertical groove 403 on the end circular plate 402. The multiple sets of I-shaped sliders 404 simultaneously drive the arc-shaped gripper 405 to retract and accurately fit into the annular groove 503 of the end circular ring 502, forming a circumferentially uniform, tightly fitted, and reliably positioned clamping state, preventing the sand core from loosening, shifting, or falling off during the pushing process. After clamping is completed, the controller 115 controls the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302 to start and extend; the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302 pushes the rotating shaft 401, the end circular plate 402 and the entire gripper 4 to move horizontally along the axial direction, so that the clamped socket sand core 501 is smoothly and accurately pushed to the socket end of the centrifugal casting pipe 113 of the centrifugal casting mechanism 1, so that the socket sand core 501 and the centrifugal casting pipe 113 maintain a high coaxiality alignment, which meets the dimensional accuracy requirements of centrifugal casting. After the socket sand core 501 reaches the designated position, the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302 remains in the extended state, and the gripper 4 continues to maintain the clamping force, ensuring that the sand core position is fixed, does not shake or deviate during the centrifugal casting preparation stage, and provides stable sand core support for the forming of the cast iron pipe socket; After the centrifugal casting of the cast iron pipe socket section is completed, the controller 115 controls the first motor 410 to run in reverse, and the main gear 411 drives the ring gear 412 and the rotating disk 407 to rotate. The inclined groove 408 pushes the lever 406 in the opposite direction, so that the I-shaped slider 404 slides radially outward along the vertical groove 403. The arc-shaped gripper 405 opens synchronously and disengages from the annular groove 503 of the end ring 502, completing the sand core release. Then the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302 retracts, driving the gripper 4 back to the initial position, waiting for the next feeding and clamping, completing a complete automatic positioning operation cycle of the socket sand core.

[0031] Example 2, please refer to Figures 1-9This second embodiment is an improvement on the first embodiment as follows: Specifically, a motor base 103 is fixed to the top of the U-shaped vertical plate 102, a second motor 104 is fixed to the top of the motor base 103, and a threaded rod 105 is fixed to the output shaft of the second motor 104; a lifting plate 303 is fixed to one outer side of the L-shaped sliding plate 301, which is threadedly rotated with the threaded rod 105; an extension plate 304 is fixed to the top of the L-shaped sliding plate 301, an arc-shaped plate 305 is fixed to the bottom of the extension plate 304, and a plurality of ball joint seats 306 are fixed to the inner wall of the arc-shaped plate 305, each ball joint seat 306 having a ball joint with a hinge ball 307 that fits against the centrifugal casting mechanism 1; a plurality of U-shaped centrifugal seats 106 are fixed to the top of the casting base 101, each U-shaped centrifugal seat 106 having a rotating shaft 107 rotatably fitted inside, and each rotating shaft 107 having a rotating shaft 107 rotatably fitted inside. Centrifugal wheels 108 are fixed inside the U-shaped centrifugal seat 106 on all sides of the 07. A first pulley 109 is fixed to the end of one of the shafts 107. A centrifugal motor 110 is fixed to the top of the casting base 101 on one side away from one of the U-shaped centrifugal seats 106. A second pulley 111 is fixed to the output shaft of the centrifugal motor 110. A transmission belt 112 is connected between the second pulley 111 and the first pulley 109. A centrifugal casting tube 113 is rotatably connected to the top of the casting base 101. Two annular track grooves 114 are opened on the periphery of the centrifugal casting tube 113, which are respectively rotatably connected to several centrifugal wheels 108. A controller 115 is fixed to the outer side of the U-shaped vertical plate 102 near the bottom, which is electrically connected to the first motor 410, the second motor 104, the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302, and the centrifugal motor 110.

[0032] The specific application of this embodiment 2 is as follows: the controller 115 starts the second motor 104, the second motor 104 drives the threaded rod 105 to rotate, and drives the L-shaped sliding plate 301 to slide up and down along the U-shaped vertical plate 102 in threaded engagement with the lifting plate 303, so as to adjust the socket sand core positioning mechanism 2 as a whole to the height position coaxial with the centrifugal casting tube 113, and complete the coarse positioning; during the coarse positioning process, when the L-shaped sliding plate 301 moves, the arc plate 305 at the bottom of the extension plate 304 moves accordingly, and the hinge ball 307 on its inner side always fits against the outer wall of the centrifugal casting tube 113 and rolls to limit it, so as to avoid the socket sand core positioning mechanism 2 from deviating and shaking, and to ensure the coaxiality of the socket sand core 501 push; After the above operations are completed, the controller 115 starts the centrifugal motor 110. The centrifugal motor 110 drives the second pulley 111, the conveyor belt 112 and the first pulley 109 to drive the rotating shaft 107 and the centrifugal wheel 108 to rotate. The centrifugal wheel 108 rolls along the annular track groove 114 of the centrifugal casting tube 113, driving the centrifugal casting tube 113 to rotate smoothly and at high speed, providing power for centrifugal casting. In the later centrifugal casting process, the clamping logic of Embodiment 1 is used. After the arc-shaped gripper 405 clamps the sand core 5, the hydraulic telescopic cylinder 302 extends and accurately sends the socket sand core 501 into the socket position of the rotating centrifugal casting tube 113 to complete the automatic positioning.

[0033] Obviously, the embodiments described above are merely some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0035] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for automatic positioning of a socket sand core for centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes, comprising a centrifugal casting mechanism (1), characterized in that: The centrifugal casting mechanism (1) is slidably fitted with a socket sand core positioning mechanism (2). The socket sand core positioning mechanism (2) includes a positioning top component (3) slidably fitted on the centrifugal casting mechanism (1), a claw component (4) fixed on the positioning top component (3), and a sand core component (5) clamped and positioned on the claw component (4). The centrifugal casting mechanism (1) includes a casting base (101), and a U-shaped vertical plate (102) is fixed on the top of the casting base (101). The positioning top component (3) includes an L-shaped sliding plate (301) that slides on the U-shaped vertical plate (102), and a hydraulic telescopic cylinder (302) is fixed on the inner wall of the L-shaped sliding plate (301). The gripper (4) includes a rotating shaft (401) threadedly locked to the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder (302). The end of the rotating shaft (401) is fixed with an end circular plate (402). The end of the end circular plate (402) is provided with several vertical grooves (403). I-shaped sliders (404) are slidably fitted inside the vertical grooves (403). The ends of the I-shaped sliders (404) are fixed with arc-shaped grippers (405) that clamp and position the sand core (5). The other ends of the I-shaped sliders (404) are fixed with levers (406). The circumferential side of the rotating shaft (401) is rotatably fitted with a rotating disk (407) through a bearing. The end of the rotating disk (407) is provided with several oblique grooves (408) that are slidably fitted with several levers (406).

2. The automatic positioning device for the socket sand core of the centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand core component (5) includes a socket sand core (501), and an end ring (502) is fixed at the end of the socket sand core (501). The end ring (502) has an annular groove (503) inside that is adapted to several arc-shaped claws (405).

3. The automatic positioning device for the socket sand core of centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that: A special-shaped mounting plate (409) is fixed to the outer periphery of the end circular plate (402). A first motor (410) is fixed to one outer side of the special-shaped mounting plate (409). A main gear (411) is fixed to the output shaft of the first motor (410). A ring gear (412) that meshes with the main gear (411) is fixed to the end of the rotating disk (407).

4. The automatic positioning device for the socket sand core of the centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe according to claim 3, characterized in that: A motor base (103) is fixed to the top of the U-shaped vertical plate (102), a second motor (104) is fixed to the top of the motor base (103), and a threaded rod (105) is fixed to the output shaft of the second motor (104). The L-shaped sliding plate (301) has a lifting plate (303) fixed on one outer side, which is threadedly rotated with the threaded rod (105).

5. The automatic spout core positioning device for centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe according to claim 4, characterized in that: An extension plate (304) is fixed to the top of the L-shaped sliding plate (301), and an arc plate (305) is fixed to the bottom of the extension plate (304). Several ball hinge seats (306) are fixed to the inner wall of the arc plate (305), and each ball hinge seat (306) has a hinge ball (307) that fits into the centrifugal casting mechanism (1) through a ball hinge.

6. The automatic spout sand core positioning device for centrifugal casting of cast iron pipes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of each of the casting bases (101) is fixed with a number of U-shaped centrifugal seats (106), and each of the U-shaped centrifugal seats (106) is rotatably fitted with a rotating shaft (107). The circumferential side of each of the rotating shafts (107) is located inside the U-shaped centrifugal seats (106) and a centrifugal wheel (108) is fixed therein.

7. The automatic spout core positioning device for centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that: One of the rotating shafts (107) is fixed with a first pulley (109) at its end. A centrifugal motor (110) is fixed on the top of the casting base (101) away from one of the U-shaped centrifugal seats (106). A second pulley (111) is fixed to the output shaft of the centrifugal motor (110). A transmission belt (112) is used to drive the second pulley (111) and the first pulley (109).

8. The automatic spout core positioning device for centrifugal casting of cast iron pipe according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the casting base (101) is rotatably fitted with a centrifugal casting tube (113), and the centrifugal casting tube (113) has two annular track grooves (114) on its circumferential side, which are respectively rotatably fitted with a number of centrifugal wheels (108). A controller (115) is fixed on one outer side of the U-shaped vertical plate (102) near the bottom, which is electrically connected to the first motor (410), the second motor (104), the hydraulic telescopic cylinder (302), and the centrifugal motor (110).

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