A mortise and tenon component based on 3D printing and an assembling structure, assembling method and 3D printing parameter optimization method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a 3D-printed mortise and tenon component, its assembly structure, assembly method, and 3D printing parameter optimization method. The assembly structure of the mortise and tenon component includes a storage box and a shelf. The mortise and tenon component is a standardized 3D-printed mortise and tenon part set, including eleven main parts and seven connecting parts. Through different mortise and tenon connection logics, it can be assembled into a storage box or a shelf, realizing dual-function reuse of a set of mortise and tenon parts, solving the problems of easy part scattering and single product function. By optimizing printing parameters in multiple dimensions such as structural strength, support and printing direction, surface quality, and tolerance, the accuracy and forming quality of the 3D-printed mortise and tenon component are improved, ensuring the assembly accuracy and structural stability of the component. This invention integrates 3D printing technology with traditional mortise and tenon craftsmanship, realizing the standardized and large-scale production of mortise and tenon components, lowering the threshold for the dissemination of mortise and tenon craftsmanship, and combining practical function, popular science attributes, and cultural value, promoting the living inheritance of traditional mortise and tenon techniques.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing and traditional mortise and tenon joint technology. Specifically, it relates to a mortise and tenon joint component based on 3D printing, a storage box formed by the mortise and tenon joint component and its assembly method, a shelf containing the mortise and tenon joint component and its assembly method, and a method for optimizing the 3D printing parameters of the mortise and tenon joint component. Background Technology

[0002] Mortise and tenon joints are the core technique of traditional Chinese woodworking, carrying profound architectural cultural connotations. However, this technique currently faces a dual dilemma: on the one hand, the impact of standardized industrial production has squeezed the market space for handmade mortise and tenon joints, leading to a break in the transmission of the technique. Moreover, the high skill threshold and long transmission cycle of mortise and tenon joint techniques make it difficult to achieve widespread dissemination and popularization. On the other hand, traditional mortise and tenon joint processing relies on the personal experience of craftsmen, using traditional tools such as saws, chisels, and planes. There are no standard process parameters, and dimensional accuracy and structural stability depend entirely on the accumulation of craftsmen's skills. This not only results in low production efficiency and poor product consistency but also problems such as weak component interchangeability, decoration outweighing practicality, and easy scattering and loss of parts, limiting the innovative application and public dissemination of mortise and tenon joint techniques.

[0003] 3D printing, as an additive manufacturing technology, can quickly produce components with complex geometries without relying on traditional molds. It has been attempted to be applied to the production of mortise and tenon components. However, the current 3D printing technology for producing mortise and tenon components still has many technical defects: the printing parameters are complex to set, and the tolerance requirements of the mortise and tenon structure need to be repeatedly verified; when producing mortise and tenon components with overhang features, insufficient support can easily lead to material sagging and cooling deformation, and residual support structures can also damage the surface quality of the parts; the interlayer bonding force of the printed parts is weak, and it is easy to break along the printing layer under specific stress directions; the tolerance of different mortise and tenon joints is difficult to be uniformly adapted, which can easily lead to local assembly problems of being too loose or too tight, and annular raised layer textures are prone to appear in variable cross-section areas, resulting in insufficient surface smoothness.

[0004] Meanwhile, existing mortise and tenon assembly products also suffer from problems such as limited functionality, inconsistent interfaces, and poor plug-in compatibility. Most mortise and tenon building blocks focus on decoration and do not take into account practical storage functions. They also lack overall storage solutions, small parts are easily scattered and lost, and after repeated disassembly and assembly, there are problems such as accumulated gaps in the fit and poor maintenance of structural precision.

[0005] Based on this, the present invention is based on the concept of "protection and revitalization in parallel". It uses 3D printing technology to innovate the manufacturing process and assembly structure of mortise and tenon components. Through parameter optimization and modular structure design, it can accurately control the mortise and tenon fit accuracy and optimize the 3D printing molding quality. It can build a deformable product system that combines practical storage and mortise and tenon culture display functions, and realize the modernization and popularization of traditional mortise and tenon techniques. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, and provides a mortise and tenon component based on 3D printing, its assembling structure, assembling method, and 3D printing parameter optimization method. Through the design of standardized mortise and tenon components by 3D printing, it is possible to complete the morphological transformation of a storage box and a storage rack with a set of mortise and tenon parts, solve the problems of single function and easy scattering of parts in existing mortise and tenon products, and solve technical problems such as tolerance, forming quality, and interlayer bonding force when 3D printing mortise and tenon components by optimizing 3D printing parameters, ensuring the assembling accuracy and structural stability of mortise and tenon components. At the same time, with the help of 3D printing technology, the spread threshold of mortise and tenon technology is reduced, and the living inheritance of traditional mortise and tenon skills is realized, taking into account both cultural value and commercial value.

[0007] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A mortise and tenon component based on 3D printing, the mortise and tenon component includes a set of standardized mortise and tenon parts, the set of standardized mortise and tenon parts is composed of eleven main parts and seven connecting parts, each of the main parts and each of the connecting parts are respectively integrally formed by 3D printing. The eleven main parts are respectively a first mortise joint, a second mortise joint, a third mortise joint, a fourth mortise joint, a fifth mortise joint, a sixth mortise joint, a seventh mortise joint, an eighth mortise joint, a ninth mortise joint, a box cover, and a box body. The seven connecting parts are respectively a cross-shaped plug-in, an I-shaped plug-in, a first rectangular plug-in, a frame-shaped plug-in, a second rectangular plug-in, a house-shaped plug-in, and a thin sheet. Each of the main parts and the connecting parts are provided with mutually adapted tenon and mortise structures, and can be assembled into two forms, namely a mortise and tenon part storage box and a storage rack, through different mortise and tenon connection logics, realizing the dual-functional reuse of a set of parts.

[0008] Furthermore, the first mortise joint is a long strip-shaped structure, a first square groove is opened in the middle of the front end face thereof, a first I-shaped groove is opened in the middle of the rear end face thereof, and a first asymmetrical double-sided mortise joint unit is arranged on the left side wall thereof. The first asymmetrical double-sided mortise joint unit includes a left mortise groove on the upper side and a first half-mortise and half-tenon composite structure on the lower side. The first half-mortise and half-tenon composite structure is equally divided into a front mortise groove and a rear tenon. The second mortise joint is a long strip-shaped structure, a second square groove is opened on the upper surface of the rear end thereof, a third square groove is opened in the middle of the front end face thereof, and a second asymmetrical double-sided mortise joint unit is arranged on the left side wall thereof. The second asymmetrical double-sided mortise joint unit includes a left tenon on the upper side and a second half-mortise and half-tenon composite structure on the lower side. The second half-mortise and half-tenon composite structure is equally divided into a front mortise groove and a rear tenon. A extended mortise groove is opened at the bottom of the rear section of the front mortise groove of the second half-mortise and half-tenon composite structure. The third tenon joint is a block-shaped structure. The top of the front end of the third tenon joint is provided with a third half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure. The third half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure includes a fourth square groove on the left, a fifth square groove on the right, and a second I-shaped groove in the middle. A front dovetail tenon is formed between the fourth square groove and the second I-shaped groove, and between the fifth square groove and the second I-shaped groove. A rear tenon is provided on the right side of the rear end face of the third tenon joint. The fourth tenon joint is a long strip structure. The left side of its front side wall has a left upper tenon groove and a left lower tenon groove distributed vertically. The right side of its front side wall has a front trapezoidal tenon groove. The rear side of its top surface has a top tenon groove that runs vertically through it. The fifth tenon joint is an L-shaped block structure. The right side of its front side wall has an upper right tenon groove and a lower right tenon groove distributed vertically. The left side of its front side wall has a front trapezoidal tenon. The right and left sides of its top surface have an upper tenon and an upper trapezoidal tenon, respectively. The front trapezoidal tenon and the upper trapezoidal tenon are both located at the left end of the fifth tenon joint and are in corresponding positions. The upper right tenon groove and the upper tenon are both located at the right end of the fifth tenon joint and are in corresponding positions. The bottom surface of the fifth tenon joint has a first concave tenon groove, and a first front tenon is formed in the first concave tenon groove. The sixth tenon joint is a long strip structure with an L-shaped tenon groove between its front side wall and top surface, an upper trapezoidal tenon groove on its top surface, and a first room-shaped tenon groove on its right end face. The seventh tenon joint is an L-shaped block structure. Its top surface has a sixth square groove and a circular tenon groove distributed vertically. A locking block is provided on the rear side of the circular tenon groove. The bottom right end of the seventh tenon joint has a seventh square groove, and the rear side of the bottom left end has a second concave tenon groove. A second front tenon is formed inside the second concave tenon groove. A stepped limiting platform is formed on the front end face of the seventh tenon joint. The eighth tenon joint is an L-shaped block structure. A left trapezoidal groove is formed between its left end face and top face, a lower trapezoidal groove is formed between its bottom face and front side wall, and a second room-shaped tenon groove is opened on its right end face. The ninth tenon joint is an L-shaped block structure. A fourth half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure is formed between its left end face and bottom face. The fourth half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure includes a third-room-shaped tenon groove and a fourth-room-shaped tenon groove that are symmetrically distributed front and back. A fifth-room-shaped tenon groove is opened on the front side wall of the ninth tenon joint, and a right trapezoidal tenon is provided on its right end face. The lid is a square plate structure with a boss on the top left side. The boss and the lid form an L-shaped plate structure. A third I-shaped groove is provided on the rear right side of the lid. The box body is a box-shaped structure with an open top. A notch is provided on the left side of the top for matching with the boss. A snap-fit ​​groove is provided on the inner side wall of the top for engaging with the box lid, so that the box lid can be fastened to the box body to form a complete covered box. A through eighth square groove is provided on the right side wall of the box body, and a through sixth chamber-shaped tenon groove is provided at the bottom. The dry-shaped insert consists of an upper flange, an upper rod, a lower flange, and a lower rod. The upper and lower flanges are both flat rectangular sheet structures, with the same size and a length greater than the diameter of the upper and lower rods, respectively, and are used to cooperate with the upper and lower limiting surfaces of the corresponding tenon grooves to achieve axial positioning. The I-shaped insert is adapted to the I-shaped groove and can form a mortise and tenon connection. The first rectangular plug-in has two parts, which are adapted to the first square groove, the third square groove, the fourth square groove and the fifth square groove, and can form a mortise and tenon connection. The frame-type plug-in is a square frame structure that is adapted to the first front tenon and the second front tenon. The second rectangular insert is sized to match the inner hole and the second front tenon of the frame insert, and can be inserted into the frame insert. The room-shaped insert has two parts, which are adapted to all room-shaped tenons and grooves and can form a tenon-and-mortise connection; The thin sheet has its wide side corresponding to and adapted to the extended tenon groove, and its overall size corresponding to and adapted to the stepped limiting platform.

[0009] A method for assembling a storage box using mortise and tenon joints, comprising the following assembly steps: S1. Assemble the first component: Connect the first bidirectional tenon unit of the first tenon joint to the second bidirectional tenon unit of the second tenon joint, wherein the left tenon is inserted into the left mortise, and the rear tenon of the first half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure is inserted into the front mortise of the second half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure, so that the two tenon joints are tightly connected to form the first component. S2: Insert the rear tenon of the third tenon into the third groove of the second tenon, so that the first part and the third tenon are tightly connected; S3. Assemble the second component: Insert the I-shaped insert into the second I-shaped slot of the third tenon joint to make the two tightly connected; insert the two first rectangular inserts into the fourth and fifth square slots of the third tenon joint respectively, so that the first rectangular inserts fit tightly against the sides of the square slots. All the parts in the above steps together form the second component. S4: Insert the front trapezoidal tenon of the fifth tenon into the front trapezoidal mortise of the fourth tenon, so that the two tenons are tightly connected. At the same time, the upper left mortise and the upper right mortise form an upper longitudinal mortise, and the lower left mortise and the lower right mortise form a lower longitudinal mortise inside the upper longitudinal mortise. S5. Assemble the third component: Insert the cross-shaped plug into the upper longitudinal mortise, such that the lower rod body is just fully inserted into the lower longitudinal mortise, and the lower flange is closely abutted against the upper surface of the lower longitudinal mortise. The fourth tenon joint, the fifth tenon joint and the cross-shaped plug together form the third component; S6. Assemble the fourth component: Closely abut the second component and the third component together, and their positions correspond to each other in the left-right direction. All the parts in the above steps together form the fourth component; S7: Closely abut the eighth tenon joint and the fifth tenon joint together; S8. Assemble the fifth component: Insert two house-shaped plugs into the third house-shaped mortise and the fourth house-shaped mortise of the ninth tenon joint respectively. The ninth tenon joint and the two house-shaped plugs form the fifth component; Insert the right trapezoidal tenon head of the ninth tenon joint into the left trapezoidal groove, such that the fifth component is closely connected to the eighth tenon joint and closely abutted against the fourth component; S9. Assemble the sixth component: Insert the upper trapezoidal tenon head of the fifth tenon joint into the upper trapezoidal mortise of the sixth tenon joint, such that the sixth tenon joint is closely abutted against the fifth component and the eighth tenon joint. All the parts in the above steps together form the sixth component; S10. Assemble the seventh component: Insert the second rectangular plug into the inside of the frame-shaped plug, such that the second rectangular plug is closely abutted against the inner side surface of the frame-shaped plug. Then put the two together into the sixth square groove of the seventh tenon joint. Then closely abut the thin sheet against the stepped limiting platform of the seventh tenon joint, and their positions correspond to each other in the front-back direction. All the parts in the above steps together form the seventh component; S11. Assemble the eighth component: Put the seventh component into the sixth component, such that the upper flange of the cross-shaped plug and the upper tenon head of the fifth tenon joint are inserted into the seventh square groove of the seventh tenon joint. All the parts in the above steps together form the eighth component; S12. Assemble and form the mortise-tenon part storage box: Put the eighth component into the box body, and then slide the box cover into the clamping groove on the box body. At this time, the assembly of the mortise-tenon part storage box is completed.

[0010] A mortise-tenon component storage box, the storage box includes the mortise-tenon components, and the storage box is assembled from the mortise-tenon components according to the assembly method of the storage box.

[0011] An assembly method of a storage rack, using the mortise-tenon components to assemble the storage rack, and the assembly steps are as follows: S1: Insert the rear tenon head of the third tenon joint into the second square groove of the second tenon joint; S2: Docking the fourth half-mortise and half-tenon composite structure of the ninth tenon joint and the third half-mortise and half-tenon composite structure of the third tenon joint together, wherein, the front swallowtail tenon head is inserted into the fourth house-shaped mortise, and the front swallowtail tenon head is inserted into the third house-shaped mortise; S3. Assemble the ninth component: Insert the right trapezoidal tenon of the ninth tenon into the lower trapezoidal groove of the eighth tenon. All the parts in the above steps together form the ninth component. In this step, the right trapezoidal tenon is not completely inserted into the lower trapezoidal groove. The insertion depth is based on the alignment of the front surfaces of the ninth tenon and the eighth tenon in the front-back direction. S4: Slide one of the first rectangular inserts into the seventh square groove of the seventh tenon. In this step, the first rectangular insert is not completely submerged in the seventh square groove. The height of the first rectangular insert is slightly greater than the depth of the seventh square groove to facilitate sliding and removal. S5: The seventh tenon and the fifth tenon are tightly abutted together, so that the positions of the first front tenon and the second front tenon correspond in the front-back direction, forming a front tenon assembly together, and the second concave tenon and the first concave tenon together form a concave tenon assembly. S6: Insert the frame insert into the concave mortise and tenon assembly so that the front tenon assembly completely fills the interior of the frame insert, that is, the front tenon assembly is the same size as the second rectangular insert; then insert the second rectangular insert into the first concave mortise and tenon assembly so that the second rectangular insert and the frame insert fit tightly together to prevent the frame insert from coming out and to strengthen the connection between the seventh tenon and the fifth tenon. S7. Assemble the tenth component: Insert the upper trapezoidal tenon of the fifth tenon into the front trapezoidal mortise of the fourth tenon, and insert the upper tenon into the lower left mortise, so that the front surfaces of the fourth, fifth, and seventh tenons correspond in the front-back direction. All parts from S4 to S7 together form the tenth component. S8: Insert one end of the thin sheet completely into the through top tenon groove, without protruding from the top tenon groove, and insert the other end into the non-through extension tenon groove, so that the tenth component is connected to the ninth component. Here, the position of the thin sheet is fixed by the non-through extension tenon groove, thereby fixing the relative position of the tenth component and the ninth component. S9. Assemble the eleventh component: Insert half of the other first rectangular plug into the first square groove of the first tenon, and then insert the other half of the first rectangular plug into the third square groove of the second tenon, so that the first tenon and the second tenon are tightly connected. The parts in the above steps together form the eleventh component. S10: Place the box into the eleventh component, so that the sixth mortise of the box and the fifth mortise of the ninth tenon are aligned vertically and coincidentally, and the eighth square groove of the box and the sixth square groove of the seventh tenon are aligned front-to-back and coincidentally. S11: Insert the cross-shaped plug into the aligned eighth square groove and sixth square groove, such that the upper flange of the cross-shaped plug is inserted into the circular mortise in the sixth square groove, and the lower flange just remains inside the box body, that is, the upper rod body just leaves no gap among the seventh tenon joint, the box body and the lower flange. Then, rotate the cross-shaped plug counterclockwise by 90 degrees to closely abut against the latch, thereby restricting the rotation of the cross-shaped plug and tightly connecting the box body and the seventh tenon joint; S12: Connect the two ends of one of the house-shaped plugs to the first house-shaped mortise of the sixth tenon joint and the second house-shaped mortise of the eighth tenon joint respectively, and insert the other house-shaped plug into the sixth house-shaped mortise of the box body and the fifth house-shaped mortise of the ninth tenon joint which are aligned with each other; S13: Insert the boss part of the box cover into the L-shaped mortise of the sixth tenon joint, such that the third工字槽 of the box cover and the first工字槽 of the first tenon joint are vertically aligned with each other and the axes coincide; S14: Insert the工字-shaped plug into the aligned third工字槽 and first工字槽, such that the box cover and the first tenon joint are tightly connected. At this time, the assembly of the storage rack is completed.

[0012] A storage rack, the storage rack includes the tenon and mortise components, and the storage rack is assembled from the tenon and mortise components according to the assembly method of the storage rack.

[0013] A method for optimizing the 3D printing parameters of tenon and mortise components. When 3D printing the tenon and mortise components with PLA as the base printing consumable, conduct structural strength optimization, support and printing direction optimization, surface quality optimization, process detail optimization, and tenon and mortise tolerance optimization of the printing parameters to achieve high-precision forming and stable assembly of the tenon and mortise components. The specific optimization steps are as follows: S1. Structural strength optimization: Increase the local filling density of the force-bearing core areas such as tenons and mortises to 70 - 80%, and keep the filling density of the remaining areas at 50 - 60%. The sparse filling uses a spiral pattern, which can balance strength and consumable cost; Add micro reinforcing ribs at the root of the tenon and the inner side of the groove wall to prevent cracking or deformation caused by repeated disassembly and assembly. Add a 0.8 - 1.2 mm thick annular skirt at the bottom of the box body or set small round pieces with a diameter of 5 - 8 mm at the four corners, which can enhance the bottom adhesion and reduce warping. The bottom of the box body is filled with a grid and a solid border, and the border width ≥ 3 mm, which can improve the overall rigidity; S2. Support and Printing Direction Optimization: For structures with an overhang angle greater than 45 degrees, tree-like supports are used, with support contact points set to dots with a diameter of 0.2~0.3mm to reduce support residue and post-processing workload; the Z-distance at the top of the support is set to 0mm to improve the roughness of the overhanging structure; PLA-specific support consumables are used to reduce the difficulty of support removal, reduce surface scars, avoid using ordinary supports, and reduce waste generation; the tenon and mortise mating surfaces are perpendicular to the printing platform to avoid layer texture affecting the mating accuracy; long strip components are printed along the long side to reduce the risk of breakage due to insufficient interlayer bonding; the lid and body are printed sideways to reduce variable cross-section layer texture; the printing direction of large-span overhanging structures is adjusted to optimize the forming quality. S3. Surface Quality Optimization: Ironing is applied to the exterior surfaces and lid panels, only on the top / critical layers, with an ironing speed of 20mm / s and a flow rate of 25% to improve flatness; a layer height of 0.08~0.1mm is used for mating / exterior surfaces, and 0.2mm for non-critical internal areas to balance accuracy and printing speed, avoiding a first layer height of 0.05mm to prevent damage caused by printhead friction on the material; the printing line width for mating surfaces is set to 0.4mm, and the printing speed is reduced to 30~40mm / s, with the speed for exterior walls also reduced to 30mm / s to reduce noticeable layer lines; The infill speed is increased to 60~80mm / s, shortening the overall printing time; the wall sequence is set to inner walls first, then outer walls, optimizing surface smoothness; for variable cross-section layer textures, inner rounded corners or bevels are added to the variable cross-section structure during modeling to avoid the bridging layer from adhering to the outer wall after slicing; the overlap rate between sparse infill and outer wall is adjusted from 15% to -10% to reduce shrinkage stress; random seam or hidden seam mode is adopted to disperse seam positions to non-exterior surfaces or corners; a seam overlap of 0.2~0.5mm is enabled and the extrusion amount at the seam is finely adjusted to 90%~100% to reduce the impact of seam protrusion; S4. Process detail optimization: Based on the 4.4~4.9% shrinkage rate of PLA filament, XY direction shrinkage compensation is set in the slicing software to offset the dimensional shrinkage after printing; the fan is turned on throughout the PLA filament printing process, and the fan speed is appropriately reduced in the overhanging part to reduce the cooling stress of the bridging layer; a layer-by-layer printing sequence is adopted to reduce color difference problems; multiple models are printed on the same disc to extend the overall layer time and alleviate the layer texture problem caused by uneven cooling. S5. Tenon and Mortise Tolerance Optimization: Based on PLA basic consumables, the box body length is 100mm as the baseline for overall scaling. The tolerance can be adjusted within the preset range according to actual assembly requirements. Generally, a tolerance of 0.08~0.12mm is reserved at the joint of components, a tolerance of 0.04~0.06mm is reserved at the joint of special components, a tolerance of 0.18~0.22mm is reserved at the joint of frame insert and second rectangular insert, and a tolerance of 0.38~0.42mm is reserved at the lateral joint of box body and box cover.

[0014] Furthermore, the core force-bearing area mentioned in S1 is the meshing contact area between the tenon and the mortise, and the force transmission area of ​​the tenon joint. Furthermore, the tree-like support in S2 is selected as the slender tree support type, and the large-span overhanging structure includes a second I-shaped groove, a second concave tenon groove, etc., and its printing direction is changed from vertical to horizontal.

[0015] Furthermore, the general component mating points mentioned in S5 include the non-lateral mating points between the box body and the box lid, the mating points between the small plug-in and the main component, etc. The special component mating points include the mating points between the first and second bidirectional tenon joints between the first and second tenon joints, the mating points between the third tenon joint and the I-shaped plug-in, the dovetail tenon (trapezoidal tenon) connection points of the fourth / fifth tenon joints, the mortise and tenon connection points of the fifth / seventh tenon joints, the mating points between the seventh tenon joint and the frame plug-in, and the dovetail tenon (trapezoidal tenon) connection points of the eighth / ninth tenon joints.

[0016] Furthermore, the 3D printing parameter optimization method for the mortise and tenon components also includes post-process optimization: First, use diagonal pliers to cut off large support pieces. Then, use a knife / file to clean up any remaining support in critical areas, avoiding forceful prying to prevent component cracking or tenon deformation. For support residue that is difficult to clean in precision areas, use sandpaper to lightly remove it. Use 400-800 grit sandpaper to sand the mating surfaces of tenons and mortises along the grain to reduce surface roughness. Focus on sanding precision mating areas such as hollow grooves with inner bosses and dovetail teeth to resolve overly tight assembly issues. After sanding, clean surface debris with alcohol wipes. Make minor corrections to parts with dimensional deviations to ensure the mating clearance is controlled within 0.08-0.15mm, achieving an assembly effect of "easy push in, easy pull out." If the printed part is too large, make minor corrections with a file or sandpaper; if it is too small, apply a small amount of resin / glue and sand again.

[0017] Furthermore, the 3D printing equipment uses Topzhu's industrial-grade desktop printer P1 / X1 series, and the printing process is SLA photopolymerization molding, which helps to establish a database of process parameters that associate specific materials, printer models, and tenon / mortise types.

[0018] Furthermore, if the printing consumable is PLA Wood, it needs to be dried at 55℃ for 8 hours before printing to avoid the wood powder absorbing moisture, causing stringing, carbon buildup in the nozzle, and rough surface. Ensure indoor ventilation during printing to reduce the impact of natural wood powder odor. If PLA filament is replaced with PETG filament, XY shrinkage compensation should be set in the slicing software according to the shrinkage rate of PETG filament of 2.8~3.2%. When printing precision structures, the fan speed should be reduced to 50~70% to avoid interlayer stress.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the mortise and tenon component based on 3D printing, its assembly structure, assembly method, and 3D printing parameter optimization method provided by the present invention are as follows: I. Diversified Product Functions, Achieving Part Reuse and Convenient Storage: This invention uses 3D-printed standardized mortise and tenon components to achieve a transformation from a mortise and tenon component storage box to an assembly shelf. This solves the problem of small mortise and tenon parts being easily scattered and lost, and also realizes the dual practical functions of daily storage and cultural display, taking into account both decoration and practicality. The interfaces between the mortise and tenon components are uniform, the plug-in compatibility is strong, and the assembly is flexible, improving the user experience and scene adaptability of the product.

[0020] II. Optimizing 3D Printing Process to Improve the Precision and Stability of Mortise and Tenon Components: Through multi-dimensional optimization of 3D printing parameters, technical problems such as tolerance mismatch, poor molding quality, weak interlayer bonding, and support residue in existing 3D printed mortise and tenon components have been solved. Precise control of the mating gap between the tenon and mortise ensures the assembly accuracy of mortise and tenon components, achieving an assembly effect of "easy push and easy pull". Through local reinforcement and the addition of reinforcing ribs, the structural strength and durability of the components have been improved, solving the problems of accumulated mating gaps and poor structural precision retention after multiple disassemblies and reassemblies.

[0021] Third, promoting the modern inheritance and popularization of traditional mortise and tenon techniques: This invention uses 3D printing technology to transform traditional mortise and tenon craftsmanship from manual processing that relies on the experience of craftsmen to standardized and large-scale digital production, reducing the processing and dissemination thresholds of mortise and tenon techniques; the product incorporates more than 20 basic mortise and tenon components, with a full-structure mortise and tenon design, and also has popular science attributes, allowing users to understand the principles and cultural connotations of mortise and tenon during assembly and use, realizing the leap of traditional mortise and tenon techniques from "niche protection" to "popular living inheritance".

[0022] IV. Achieving standardization and large-scale production, reducing costs and improving efficiency: The mortise and tenon components of this invention are standardized and integrally molded using 3D printing, with controllable dimensional accuracy and high product consistency, solving the problems of low production efficiency, high cost and poor product consistency in traditional manual processing; the digital production mode does not rely on scarce artisans, and can achieve low-cost, small-batch, flexible production, and the distributed manufacturing mode can produce on demand and deliver locally, reducing inventory and logistics costs, and clearing away cost and production capacity barriers for the commercialization and popularization of mortise and tenon cultural and creative products.

[0023] V. Combining cultural and commercial value to build a sustainable inheritance model: This invention abandons the superficial piling up of mortise and tenon elements, and takes the core mortise and tenon technique as the core to create a product system that combines practical function and cultural connotation, which fills the gap in the market supply of "precise and in-depth" mortise and tenon cultural and creative products; it realizes a sustainable inheritance model of "technology empowering culture, and cultural and creative products supporting protection", allowing the ancient mortise and tenon technique to be revitalized in contemporary life, and combining cultural protection value and commercial market value. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first tenon joint in this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second tenon joint in this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third tenon joint in this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth tenon joint in this invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of the fifth tenon joint in this invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of the fifth tenon joint in this invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the sixth tenon joint in this invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of the seventh tenon joint in this invention.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of the seventh tenon joint in this invention.

[0034] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the eighth tenon joint in this invention.

[0035] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the ninth tenon joint in this invention.

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box lid in this invention.

[0037] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the box structure in this invention.

[0038] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the character-shaped plug-in in this invention.

[0039] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the I-shaped plug-in and the first rectangular plug-in in this invention.

[0040] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the frame-type plug-in and the second rectangular plug-in in this invention.

[0041] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the room-shaped plug-in in this invention.

[0042] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thin sheet in this invention.

[0043] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first component in this invention.

[0044] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the second component in this invention.

[0045] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the third and fourth components in this invention.

[0046] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth component in this invention.

[0047] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the ninth tenon and the fourth component in this invention.

[0048] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the sixth component in this invention.

[0049] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the seventh and eighth components in this invention.

[0050] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the storage box in this invention.

[0051] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the ninth component in this invention.

[0052] Figure 28 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first rectangular plug and the seventh tenon joint in this invention.

[0053] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the fifth tenon and the seventh tenon in this invention.

[0054] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced assembly structure of the fifth and seventh tenon joints in this invention.

[0055] Figure 31 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the tenth component in this invention.

[0056] Figure 32 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the eleventh component in this invention.

[0057] Figure 33 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the box body and the eleventh component in this invention.

[0058] Figure 34 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement structure of the box body and the eleventh component in this invention.

[0059] Figure 35 This is a schematic diagram of the box reinforcement structure of the shelf in this invention.

[0060] Figure 36 This is a schematic diagram of the box lid assembly structure of the shelf in this invention.

[0061] Figure 37 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforced lid structure of the shelf in this invention.

[0062] Figure 38 This is a schematic diagram of the forming structure of the shelf in this invention.

[0063] In the attached diagram: 1. First tenon joint; 1.1. First square groove; 1.2. First I-beam groove; 1.3. First two-way tenon joint unit; 1.3.1. Left tenon groove; 1.3.2. First half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure; 2. Second tenon joint; 2.1. Second square groove; 2.2. Third third groove; 2.3. Second two-way tenon joint unit; 2.3.1. Left tenon; 2.3.2. Second half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure; 2.4. Extended tenon groove; 3. Third tenon joint; 3.1. Third half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure; 3.1.1. Fourth square groove; 3.1.2. Fifth square groove; 3.1.3. Second I-beam groove; 3.1.4. Front dovetail tenon 3.1. Top left tenon; 4.2. Rear tenon; 4.3. Fourth tenon joint; 4.4. Top left tenon; 5.5. Fifth tenon joint; 5.1. Top right tenon; 5.2. Bottom right tenon; 5.3. Top trapezoidal tenon; 5.4. Top tenon; 5.5. Top trapezoidal tenon; 5.6. First concave tenon; 5.7. First front tenon; 6. Sixth tenon joint; 6.1. L-shaped tenon; 6.2. Top trapezoidal tenon; 6.3. First house-shaped tenon; 7. Seventh tenon joint; 7.1. Sixth square tenon; 7.2. Circular tenon; 7.3. Locking block; 7.4. Seventh square tenon; 7.5. 7.6 Second front tenon; 7.7 Stepped limiting platform; 8. Eighth tenon joint; 8.1 Left trapezoidal groove; 8.2 Lower trapezoidal groove; 8.3 Second room-shaped tenon; 9. Ninth tenon joint; 9.1 Fourth half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure; 9.1.1 Third room-shaped tenon; 9.1.2 Fourth room-shaped tenon; 9.2 Fifth room-shaped tenon; 9.3 Right trapezoidal tenon; 10. Box cover; 10.1 Boss; 10.2 Third I-beam groove; 11. Box body; 11.1 Notch; 11.2 Snap-fit ​​groove; 11.3 Eighth square groove; 11.4 Sixth room-shaped tenon; 12. T-shaped insert; 1 2.1 Upper flange; 12.2 Upper rod; 12.3 Lower flange; 12.4 Lower rod; 13. I-shaped insert; 14. First rectangular insert; 15. Frame insert; 16. Second rectangular insert; 17. House-shaped insert; 18. Thin sheet; 19. First component; 20. Second component; 21. Third component; 22. Fourth component; 23. Fifth component; 24. Sixth component; 25. Seventh component; 26. Eighth component; 27. Ninth component; 28. Tenth component; 29. ​​Eleventh component; 30. Upper longitudinal tenon; 31. Lower longitudinal tenon; 32. Front tenon assembly; 33. Concave tenon assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0066] Embodiment 1 A mortise and tenon component based on 3D printing, the mortise and tenon component includes a standardized mortise and tenon part group, the standardized mortise and tenon part group is composed of eleven main parts and seven connecting parts. The eleven main parts are respectively the first mortise joint 1, the second mortise joint 2, the third mortise joint 3, the fourth mortise joint 4, the fifth mortise joint 5, the sixth mortise joint 6, the seventh mortise joint 7, the eighth mortise joint 8, the ninth mortise joint 9, the box cover 10, and the box body 11. The seven connecting parts are respectively the cross-shaped plug-in 12, the I-shaped plug-in 13, the first rectangular plug-in 14, the frame-shaped plug-in 15, the second rectangular plug-in 16, the house-shaped plug-in 17, and the thin sheet 18. Each main part and each connecting part are integrally formed by 3D printing.

[0067] Regarding the preparation of the eleven main parts and the seven connecting parts: Using the TuoZhu industrial desktop printer P1 / X1 series, the printing process is the SLA light-curing forming process, with PLA as the base printing consumable. According to the 3D printing parameter optimization method of the mortise and tenon component proposed in the present invention, aiming at the structural characteristics, assembly and fitting requirements, and forming quality requirements of the mortise and tenon component, parameter optimization is carried out from six dimensions: structural strength optimization, support and printing direction optimization, surface quality optimization, process detail optimization, mortise and tenon tolerance optimization, and post-treatment process optimization, aiming to achieve high-precision forming and stable assembly of the mortise and tenon component. The specific parameter optimization is as follows: S1. Structural strength optimization: Increase the local filling density of the force-bearing core areas such as the mortise and tenon to 75%, and keep the filling density of the remaining areas at 55%. The sparse filling uses a spiral pattern; add micro-reinforcing ribs at the root of the mortise and on the inner side of the groove wall, add a 1.0 mm thick annular skirt at the bottom of the box body 11, and fill the bottom of the box body 11 with a grid and a solid border, with a border width of 3 mm; S2. Optimization of Support and Printing Direction: For structures with an overhang angle greater than 45 degrees (such as the sixth square groove 7.1), tree-like support is used, and the support contact points are set as dots with a diameter of 0.25mm; the Z distance of the top of the support is set to 0mm, and PLA-specific support consumables are selected; the mortise and tenon mating surfaces (such as the snap-fit ​​groove 11.2, the left trapezoidal groove 8.1, the lower trapezoidal groove 8.2, etc.) are perpendicular to the printing platform; long strip components (such as the first tenon joint 1, the second tenon joint 2, the fourth tenon joint 4, and the sixth tenon joint 6) are printed along the long side; the box lid 10 and the box body 11 are printed sideways; the printing direction of large-span overhanging structures is adjusted (vertical to horizontal) to optimize the forming quality; S3, Surface Quality Optimization: Ironing treatment is applied to the exterior surface and the 10-panel lid, only activated on the top / critical layer, with an ironing speed of 20mm / s and a flow rate of 25%; the mating surface / exterior surface uses a layer height of 0.09mm, and the internal non-critical area uses a layer height of 0.2mm, avoiding setting the first layer height to 0.05mm; the printing line width of the mating surface is set to 0.4mm (matching the 0.4mm nozzle), and the printing speed is reduced to 35mm / s, with the exterior wall speed simultaneously reduced to 30mm / s; the internal infill speed is increased to 70mm / s; the wall sequence is set to inner walls first, then outer walls; for variable cross-section layer textures, inner rounded corners or bevels are added to the variable cross-section structure during modeling; the overlap rate between sparse infill and the exterior wall is -10%; a hidden seam mode is adopted, with a seam overlap of 0.35mm, and the extrusion amount at the seam is finely adjusted to 95%; S4. Process detail optimization: Set XY direction shrinkage compensation to 4.6% in the slicing software (PLA consumables); keep the fan on 100% throughout the printing process, and keep the fan speed at 80% for the overhanging part; adopt the "layer-by-layer" printing sequence and print two sets of components on the same disc to extend the layer time; S5. Tenon and Mortise Tolerance Optimization: The tolerance can be adjusted within a preset range according to actual assembly requirements. Based on the PLA basic consumables and the box body 11 with a length of 100mm, the overall scale is adjusted. Generally, a tolerance of 0.1mm is left between all tenons and mortises. Special adjustments are as follows: the tolerance between the first bidirectional tenon unit 1.3 and the second bidirectional tenon unit 2.3 is 0.05mm; the tolerance between the second I-beam groove 3.1.3 and the I-beam insert 13 is 0.05mm; the front trapezoidal... The tolerance between the tenon 4.3 and the front trapezoidal tenon 5.3 is 0.05mm; the tolerance between the upper tenon 5.4 and the seventh square groove 7.4 is 0.05mm; the tolerance between the sixth square groove 7.1 and the frame insert 15 is 0.05mm; the tolerance between the second rectangular insert 16 and the frame insert 15 is 0.2mm; the tolerance between the left trapezoidal groove 8.1 and the right trapezoidal tenon 9.3 is 0.05mm; the tolerance between the box body 11 and the box cover 10 on the side is 0.4mm, and the tolerance for the rest is 0.1mm. S6. Post-processing optimization: First, use diagonal pliers to cut off large supports, then use a knife / file to clean key areas (mortise and tenon mating surfaces, guide rail grooves, etc.) of support residue; support residues that are difficult to clean in precision areas are removed by light sanding with sandpaper; mating surfaces such as tenons and mortises are sanded with 600-grit sandpaper along the grain; focus on sanding precision mating areas such as hollow grooves with inner bosses and dovetail teeth; after sanding, clean surface debris with alcohol wipes; make minor corrections to parts with dimensional deviations to ensure that the mating clearance is controlled within 0.12mm.

[0068] After 3D printing parameter optimization, the mortise and tenon components were printed, resulting in a standardized mortise and tenon parts assembly, including eleven main parts and seven connectors. All parts are dimensionally accurate, have smooth surfaces, and are free of obvious layering and support residues. The tenon and mortise fit accuracy meets the design requirements.

[0069] For the specific structures of the eleven main components and the seven connecting components, please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 18 As shown, both the first rectangular plug-in 14 and the room-shaped plug-in 17 have two.

[0070] Furthermore, Tophog's PLA filaments are made from renewable resources such as plants, and are non-toxic, biodegradable, and easy to print, making them suitable for most everyday projects. This ensures safety and product quality while minimizing environmental impact. PLA material itself has low hygroscopicity and can be stored normally at 50%~60% humidity. It typically does not require frequent drying like materials such as PETG or nylon. However, five special PLA filament types (PLA Silk / Silk+ / Wood / Aero) are recommended to be dried before printing due to their different material composition. This is to prevent residual moisture from causing bubbles, holes, or reduced transparency during printing, which could affect the surface quality of the model.

[0071] The properties of PLA consumables are as follows: PLA Basic supplies are among the easiest to print with; they can be used immediately upon opening and generally require no further adjustments. PLA Wood contains natural wood powder, giving the PLA wood a slight, natural woody aroma. This aroma is noticeable during printing and is non-irritating and non-toxic. If you are sensitive to this odor, it is recommended to ensure good ventilation during printing. Natural wood powder is easily absorbed by moisture, so it needs to be dried before printing to avoid stringing during printing. Pla Lite is beginner-friendly, cost-effective, and boasts a matte finish. Its premium texture, featuring a subtle matte surface with a textured finish, results in aesthetically pleasing prints that resist fingerprints. It's beginner-friendly, offering high transparency and excellent interlayer adhesion, ensuring a stable and smooth printing process with minimal clogging or ink jamming. Made from renewable polylactic acid (PLA), it's non-toxic, biodegradable, and virtually odorless during printing. PLA Matte usually pays more attention to the ultimate surface effect and color saturation, and can be regarded as a high - order version of the matte texture. It has an extreme matte finish and hides layer lines: the surface presents a delicate matte texture, with almost invisible layer lines, giving a very high - class visual feeling and effectively reducing fingerprints.

[0072] Example 2 A mortise - tenon component storage box is assembled from the mortise - tenon components prepared in Example 1 according to the storage box assembly method proposed in the present invention. The assembly steps are as follows: S1. Assemble the first component 19: Refer to Figure 19 As shown, dock the first double - direction mortise - tenon unit 1.3 of the first mortise - tenon part 1 with the second double - direction mortise - tenon unit 2.3 of the second mortise - tenon part 2. Among them, the left tenon head 2.3.1 is inserted into the left mortise groove 1.3.1, and the rear tenon head of the first half - mortise and half - tenon composite structure 1.3.2 is inserted into the front mortise groove of the second half - mortise and half - tenon composite structure 2.3.2, so that the two mortise - tenon parts are tightly connected to form the first component 19 of the component; S2: Refer to Figure 20 As shown, insert the rear tenon head 3.2 of the third mortise - tenon part 3 into the third - party groove 2.2 of the second mortise - tenon part 2, so that the first component 19 and the third mortise - tenon part 3 are tightly connected; S3. Assemble the second component 20: Refer to Figure 20 As shown, insert the I - shaped plug 1 into the second I - shaped groove 3.1.3 of the third mortise - tenon part 3 to make them tightly connected; insert the two first rectangular plugs 14 into the fourth - party groove 3.1.1 and the fifth - party groove 3.1.2 of the third mortise - tenon part 3 respectively, so that the first rectangular plug 14 is closely fitted with the side of the square groove. All the parts in the above steps together form the second component 20; S4: Refer to Figure 21 As shown, insert the front trapezoidal tenon head 5.3 of the fifth mortise - tenon part 5 into the front trapezoidal mortise groove 4.3 of the fourth mortise - tenon part 4 to make the two mortise - tenon parts tightly connected. At the same time, the upper left mortise groove 4.1 and the upper right mortise groove 5.1 form the upper longitudinal mortise groove 30, and the lower left mortise groove 4.2 and the lower right mortise groove 5.2 form the lower longitudinal mortise groove 31 inside the upper longitudinal mortise groove 30; S5. Assemble the third component 21: Refer to Figure 21 As shown, insert the cross - shaped plug 12 into the upper longitudinal mortise groove 30, so that the lower rod body 12.4 is just completely inserted into the lower longitudinal mortise groove 31, and the lower flange 12.3 is closely abutted against the upper surface of the lower longitudinal mortise groove 31. The fourth mortise - tenon part 4, the fifth mortise - tenon part 5 and the cross - shaped plug 12 together form the third component 21; S6. Assemble the fourth component 22: Refer to Figure 21As shown, the second component 20 and the third component 21 are pressed tightly together, and their positions correspond in the left and right directions. All the parts in the above steps are combined to form the fourth component 22. S7: See also Figure 22 As shown, the eighth tenon 8 and the fifth tenon 5 are tightly abutted together; S8, Assemble the fifth component 23: See also Figure 23 As shown, two house-shaped inserts 17 are inserted into the third house-shaped tenon groove 9.1.1 and the fourth house-shaped tenon groove 9.1.2 of the ninth tenon joint 9, respectively. The ninth tenon joint 9 and the two house-shaped inserts 17 constitute the fifth component 23. The right trapezoidal tenon 9.3 of the ninth tenon joint 9 is inserted into the left trapezoidal groove 8.1, so that the fifth component 23 is tightly connected with the eighth tenon joint 8 and closely abuts against the fourth component 22. S9, Assemble the sixth component 24: See also Figure 24 As shown, the upper trapezoidal tenon 5.5 of the fifth tenon 5 is inserted into the upper trapezoidal mortise 6.2 of the sixth tenon 6, so that the sixth tenon 6 is tightly abutted against the fifth component 23 and the eighth tenon 8. All the parts in the above steps together form the sixth component 24. S10, Assemble the seventh component 25: See also Figure 25 As shown, the second rectangular plug 16 is inserted into the frame plug 15 so that the second rectangular plug 16 and the inner side of the frame plug 15 are closely abutted. Then, the two are placed together into the sixth square groove 7.1 of the seventh tenon 7. The thin plate 18 is then closely abutted against the stepped limiting platform 7.7 of the seventh tenon 7. The two are positioned correspondingly in the front and back directions. All the parts in the above steps are combined to form the seventh component 25. S11, Assemble the eighth component 26: See also Figure 25 As shown, the seventh component 25 is placed into the sixth component 24, so that the upper flange 12.1 of the 12-shaped plug 12 and the upper tenon 5.4 of the fifth tenon 5 are inserted into the seventh square groove 7.4 of the seventh tenon 7. All the parts in the above steps are combined to form the eighth component 26. S12. Assembly of mortise and tenon parts storage box: See [link / reference] Figure 26 As shown, place the eighth component 26 into the box body 11, and then slide the box lid 10 into the snap-fit ​​groove 11.2 on the box body 11. At this point, the assembly of the mortise and tenon parts storage box is completed.

[0073] When the storage box is assembled, all the tenon joints fit together tightly without any looseness or excessive tightness. Its structure is stable and can store all the tenon and mortise components without any parts falling out, making it easy to carry and store.

[0074] Example 3 A storage rack differs from Embodiment 2 in that Embodiment 2 is a storage assembly structure for the mortise and tenon components, while this storage rack is constructed by completely disassembling the mortise and tenon component storage box assembled in Embodiment 2 and then assembling it according to the storage rack assembly method proposed in this invention. The assembly steps are as follows: S1: See Figure 27 As shown, the rear tenon 3.2 of the third tenon 3 is inserted into the second square groove 2.1 of the second tenon 2; S2: See also Figure 27 As shown, the fourth half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure 9.1 of the ninth tenon joint 9 is joined to the third half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure 3.1 of the third tenon joint 3, wherein the front dovetail tenon 3.1.4 is inserted into the fourth room-shaped mortise 9.1.2, and the front dovetail tenon 3.1.4 is inserted into the third room-shaped mortise 9.1.1. S3, Assemble the ninth component 27: See also Figure 27 As shown, the right trapezoidal tenon 9.3 of the ninth tenon 9 is inserted into the lower trapezoidal groove 8.2 of the eighth tenon 8. All the parts in the above steps together form the ninth component 27. In this step, the right trapezoidal tenon 9.3 is not completely inserted into the lower trapezoidal groove 8.2. The insertion depth is based on the alignment of the front surfaces of the ninth tenon 9 and the eighth tenon 8 in the front-back direction. S4: See also Figure 28 As shown, one of the first rectangular plugs 14 is slid into the seventh square groove 7.4 of the seventh tenon 7. In this step, the first rectangular plug 14 is not completely submerged in the seventh square groove 7.4. The height of the first rectangular plug 14 is slightly greater than the depth of the seventh square groove 7.4 to facilitate sliding and picking up. S5: See also Figure 29 As shown, the seventh tenon 7 and the fifth tenon 5 are tightly abutted together, so that the positions of the first front tenon 5.7 and the second front tenon 7.6 correspond in the front-rear direction, forming the front tenon assembly 32 together, and the second concave tenon 7.5 and the first concave tenon 5.6 together form the concave tenon assembly 33. S6: See also Figure 30 As shown, the frame insert 15 is inserted into the concave tenon 33 so that the front tenon 32 completely fills the interior of the frame insert 15, that is, the front tenon 32 is the same size as the second rectangular insert 16; then the second rectangular insert 16 is inserted into the first concave tenon 5.6 so that the second rectangular insert 16 and the frame insert 15 are tightly abutted together to prevent the frame insert 15 from coming out and to strengthen the connection between the seventh tenon 7 and the fifth tenon 5. S7, Assemble the tenth component 28: See also Figure 31As shown, insert the upper trapezoidal tenon 5.5 of the fifth tenon joint 5 into the front trapezoidal mortise 4.3 of the fourth tenon joint 4, and insert the upper tenon 5.4 into the lower left mortise 4.2, so that the front surface positions of the fourth tenon joint 4, the fifth tenon joint 5, and the seventh tenon joint 7 correspond to each other in the front-back direction. All the parts in S4 to S7 together form the tenth component 28; S8: Refer to Figure 31 As shown, insert one end of the thin plate 18 exactly and completely into the through top mortise 4.4. This end of the thin plate 18 does not protrude from the top mortise 4.4, and insert the other end into the non-through extended mortise 2.4, so that the tenth component 28 is connected to the ninth component 27. Here, the position of the thin plate 18 is fixed through the non-through extended mortise 2.4, thereby fixing the relative position between the tenth component 28 and the ninth component 27; S9. Assemble the eleventh component 29: Refer to Figure 32 As shown, insert half of another first rectangular insert 14 into the first square groove 1.1 of the first tenon joint 1, and then insert the other half of the first rectangular insert 14 into the third square groove 2.2 of the second tenon joint 2, so that the first tenon joint 1 and the second tenon joint 2 are tightly connected. The above parts together form the eleventh component 29; S10: Refer to Figure 33 As shown, place the box body 11 into the eleventh component 29, so that the sixth room-shaped mortise 11.4 of the box body 11 and the fifth room-shaped mortise 9.2 of the ninth tenon joint 9 are aligned vertically and their axes coincide, and the eighth square groove 11.3 of the box body 11 and the sixth square groove 7.1 of the seventh tenon joint 7 are aligned front and back and their axes coincide; S11: Refer to Figure 34 As shown, insert the cross-shaped insert 12 into the aligned eighth square groove 11.3 and sixth square groove 7.1, so that the upper flange 12.1 of the cross-shaped insert 12 is inserted into the circular mortise 7.2 in the sixth square groove 7.1, and the lower flange 12.3 just remains inside the box body 11, that is, the upper rod body 12.2 just makes no gap between the seventh tenon joint 7, the box body 11, and the lower flange 12.3. Then rotate the cross-shaped insert 12 counterclockwise by 90 degrees to tightly abut against the block 7.3, thereby restricting the rotation of the cross-shaped insert 12 and tightly connecting the box body 11 and the seventh tenon joint 7; S12: Connect the two ends of one of the room-shaped inserts 17 to the first room-shaped mortise 6.3 of the sixth tenon joint 6 and the second room-shaped mortise 8.3 of the eighth tenon joint 8 respectively, and insert the other room-shaped insert 17 into the aligned sixth room-shaped mortise 11.4 of the box body 11 and the fifth room-shaped mortise 9.2 of the ninth tenon joint 9; S13: Refer to Figure 36As shown, the boss 10.1 of the box cover 10 is inserted into the L-shaped mortise 6.1 of the sixth tenon 6, so that the third I-beam groove 10.2 of the box cover 10 is aligned vertically with the first I-beam groove 1.2 of the first tenon 1 and their axes coincide. S14: See also Figure 37 As shown, insert the I-shaped insert 13 into the aligned third I-shaped slot 10.2 and the first I-shaped slot 1.2, so that the lid 10 and the first tenon joint 1 are tightly connected. At this point, the assembly of the shelf is completed. See [link / reference]. Figure 38 As shown.

[0075] This shelf has a stable structure and can be used to store everyday small items. It can also be used as a display shelf for mortise and tenon culture, combining practical storage and decorative attributes.

[0076] The storage box described in Example 2 and the shelf described in Example 3 embody a set of mortise and tenon parts that can be used for dual functions.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mortise and tenon joint based on 3D printing, characterized in that: The tenon-mortise component includes a standardized tenon-mortise part group, which consists of eleven main parts and seven connecting parts. Each of the main parts and each of the connecting parts is integrally formed by 3D printing. The eleven main parts are respectively the first tenon joint (1), the second tenon joint (2), the third tenon joint (3), the fourth tenon joint (4), the fifth tenon joint (5), the sixth tenon joint (6), the seventh tenon joint (7), the eighth tenon joint (8), the ninth tenon joint (9), the box cover (10), and the box body (11). The seven connecting parts are respectively the cross-shaped plug-in (12), the I-shaped plug-in (13), the first rectangular plug-in (14), the frame-shaped plug-in (15), the second rectangular plug-in (16), the house-shaped plug-in (17), and the thin sheet (18). Each of the main parts and each of the connecting parts is provided with a tenon and a mortise structure that are mutually adapted, and can be assembled into two forms, namely a tenon-mortise part storage box and a storage rack, through different tenon-mortise connection logics, realizing the dual-functional reuse of a set of parts.

2. The 3D printing-based tenon-mortise component according to claim 1, wherein: The first tenon joint (1) has a long strip-shaped structure. A first square groove (1.1) is opened in the middle of the front end face, a first I-shaped groove (1.2) is opened in the middle of the rear end face, and a first asymmetric double-sided tenon joint unit (1.3) is provided on the left side wall. The first asymmetric double-sided tenon joint unit (1.3) includes a left mortise (1.3.1) on the upper side and a first half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (1. .3.2) on the lower side. The first half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (1.3.2) is equally divided by a front mortise and a rear tenon; The second tenon joint (2) has a long strip-shaped structure. A second square groove (2.1) is opened on the upper surface of the rear end, a third square groove (2.2) is opened in the middle of the front end face, and a second asymmetric double-sided tenon joint unit (2.3) is provided on the left side wall. The second asymmetric double-sided tenon joint unit (2.3) includes a left tenon (2.3.1) on the upper side and a second half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (2.3.2) on the lower side. The second half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (2.3.2) is equally divided by a front mortise and a rear tenon. A extended mortise (2.4) is opened at the bottom of the rear section of the front mortise of the second half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (2.3.2); The third tenon joint (3) has a square block-shaped structure. A third half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (3.1) is provided at the top of the front end of the third tenon joint (3). The third half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (3.1) includes a fourth square groove (3.1.1) on the left side, a fifth square groove (3.1.2) on the right side, and a second I-shaped groove (3.1.3) in the middle. And a front dovetail tenon (3.1.4) is formed between the fourth square groove (3.1.1) and the second I-shaped groove (3.1.3) and between the fifth square groove (3.1.2) and the second I-shaped groove (3.1.3). A rear tenon (3.2) is provided on the right side of the rear end face of the third tenon joint (3); The fourth tenon joint (4) is a long strip structure. The left side of its front side wall has a left upper tenon groove (4.1) and a left lower tenon groove (4.2) distributed vertically. The right side of its front side wall has a front trapezoidal tenon groove (4.3). The rear side of its top surface has a top tenon groove (4.4) that runs vertically through. The fifth tenon joint (5) is an L-shaped block structure. The right side of its front side wall has a right upper tenon groove (5.1) and a right lower tenon groove (5.2) distributed vertically. The left side of its front side wall has a front trapezoidal tenon (5.3). The right and left sides of its top surface have an upper tenon (5.4) and an upper trapezoidal tenon (5.5) respectively. The front trapezoidal tenon (5.3) and the upper trapezoidal tenon (5.5) are both located at the left end of the fifth tenon joint (5) and are in corresponding positions. The right upper tenon groove (5.1) and the upper tenon (5.4) are both located at the right end of the fifth tenon joint (5) and are in corresponding positions. The bottom surface of the fifth tenon joint (5) has a first concave tenon groove (5.6). The first front tenon (5.7) is formed in the first concave tenon groove (5.6). The sixth tenon joint (6) is a long strip structure. An L-shaped tenon groove (6.1) is formed between its front side wall and top surface. An upper trapezoidal tenon groove (6.2) is opened on its top surface. A first room-shaped tenon groove (6.3) is opened on its right end face. The seventh tenon joint (7) is an L-shaped block structure. Its top surface has a sixth square groove (7.1) and a circular tenon groove (7.2) distributed vertically. A locking block (7.3) is provided on the rear side of the circular tenon groove (7.2). The bottom right end of the seventh tenon joint (7) has a seventh square groove (7.4). The rear side of the bottom left end of the seventh tenon joint (7) has a second concave tenon groove (7.5). The inner part of the second concave tenon groove (7.5) has a second front tenon (7.6). The front end face of the seventh tenon joint (7) has a stepped limiting platform (7.7). The eighth tenon joint (8) is an L-shaped block structure. A left trapezoidal groove (8.1) is formed between its left end face and top face, and a lower trapezoidal groove (8.2) is formed between its bottom face and front side wall. A second room-shaped tenon groove (8.3) is opened on its right end face. The ninth tenon joint (9) is an L-shaped block structure, with a fourth half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (9.1) formed between its left end face and bottom face. The fourth half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (9.1) includes a third room-shaped tenon groove symmetrically distributed front and back. 9.1.1) and the fourth type of tenon ( 9.1.2), the front side wall of the ninth tenon (9) is provided with a fifth room-shaped tenon groove (9.2), and a right trapezoidal tenon (9.3) is provided on its right end face. The lid (10) is a square plate structure with a boss (10.1) on the top surface of its left end. The boss (10.1) and the lid (10) form an L-shaped plate structure. A third I-shaped groove (10.2) is opened on the rear side of the right end of the lid (10). The box body (11) is a box-shaped structure with an open top. A notch (11.1) is provided on the left side of the top for matching the boss (10.1). A snap-fit ​​groove (11.2) is provided on the inner side wall of the top for engaging with the box cover (10). An eighth square groove (11.3) is provided on the right side wall of the box body (11). A sixth room-shaped tenon groove (11.4) is provided on the bottom. The dry-shaped plug-in (12) is composed of an upper flange (12.1), an upper rod (12.2), a lower flange (12.3), and a lower rod (12.4); the upper flange (12.1) and the lower flange (12.3) are both flat rectangular sheet structures, and the two are the same size and their length is greater than the diameter of the upper rod (12.2) and the lower rod (12.4); The I-shaped plug-in (13) is adapted to the I-shaped slot; The first rectangular plug-in (14) has two settings, which are adapted to the first square slot (1.1), the third square slot (2.2), the fourth square slot (3.1.1) and the fifth square slot (3.1.2); The frame-type insert (15) is a square frame structure that is adapted to the first front tenon (5.7) and the second front tenon (7.6); The second rectangular insert (16) is sized to match the inner hole of the frame insert (15) and the second front tenon (7.6); The room-shaped plug-in (17) has two parts, which are adapted to all room-shaped tenons and slots; The thin sheet (18) has its wide side corresponding to the extended tenon (2.4) and its overall size corresponding to the stepped limiting platform (7.7).

3. A method for assembling a storage box using mortise and tenon joints, characterized in that the storage box is assembled using the mortise and tenon joints described in claim 2, and the assembly steps are as follows: S1. Assemble the first component (19): Connect the first bidirectional tenon unit (1.3) of the first tenon joint (1) with the second bidirectional tenon unit (2.3) of the second tenon joint (2), wherein the left tenon (2.3.1) is inserted into the left mortise (1.3.1), and the rear tenon of the first half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (1.3.2) is inserted into the front mortise of the second half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (2.3.2), so that the two tenon joints are tightly connected to form the first component (19). S2: Insert the rear tenon (3.2) of the third tenon (3) into the third groove (2.2) of the second tenon (2) so that the first component (19) is tightly connected to the third tenon (3); S3. Assemble the second component (20): Insert the I-shaped insert (13) into the second I-shaped groove (3.1.3) of the third tenon (3) to make them tightly connected; insert the two first rectangular inserts (14) into the fourth square groove (3.1.1) and the fifth square groove (3.1.2) of the third tenon (3) respectively, so that the first rectangular inserts (14) fit tightly against the side of the square groove. All the parts in the above steps together form the second component (20). S4: Insert the front trapezoidal tenon (5.3) of the fifth tenon (5) into the front trapezoidal mortise (4.3) of the fourth tenon (4), so that the two tenons are tightly connected, and at the same time, the upper left mortise (4.1) and the upper right mortise (5.1) form an upper longitudinal mortise (30), and the lower left mortise (4.2) and the lower right mortise (5.2) form a lower longitudinal mortise (31) inside the upper longitudinal mortise (30); S5. Assemble the third component (21): Insert the tangential insert (12) into the upper longitudinal tenon (30) so that the lower rod (12.4) is fully inserted into the lower longitudinal tenon (31), and the lower flange (12.3) is in close contact with the upper surface of the lower longitudinal tenon (31). The fourth tenon (4), the fifth tenon (5) and the tangential insert (12) together form the third component (21). S6. Assemble the fourth component (22): Place the second component (20) and the third component (21) close together, with their positions corresponding in the left and right directions. All the parts in the above steps together form the fourth component (22). S7: The eighth tenon (8) and the fifth tenon (5) are tightly abutted together; S8. Assemble the fifth component (23): Insert the two house-shaped inserts (17) into the third house-shaped mortise (9.1.1) and the fourth house-shaped mortise (9.1.2) of the ninth tenon (9), and the ninth tenon (9) and the two house-shaped inserts (17) constitute the fifth component (23); insert the right trapezoidal tenon (9.3) of the ninth tenon (9) into the left trapezoidal groove (8.1), so that the fifth component (23) is tightly connected with the eighth tenon (8) and closely abuts against the fourth component (22); S9. Assemble the sixth component (24): Insert the upper trapezoidal tenon (5.5) of the fifth tenon (5) into the upper trapezoidal mortise (6.2) of the sixth tenon (6), so that the sixth tenon (6) is closely abutted against the fifth component (23) and the eighth tenon (8). All the parts in the above steps together form the sixth component (24). S10. Assemble the seventh component (25): Insert the second rectangular plug (16) into the frame plug (15) so that the second rectangular plug (16) and the inner side of the frame plug (15) are closely abutted. Then, put both into the sixth square groove (7.1) of the seventh tenon joint (7). Then, put the thin plate (18) and the stepped limiting platform (7.7) of the seventh tenon joint (7) closely abutted. The two are in corresponding positions in the front and back directions. All the parts in the above steps are combined to form the seventh component (25). S11. Assemble the eighth component (26): Place the seventh component (25) into the sixth component (24) so ​​that the upper flange (12.1) of the scissor-shaped insert (12) and the upper tenon (5.4) of the fifth tenon (5) are inserted into the seventh square groove (7.4) of the seventh tenon (7). All the parts in the above steps together form the eighth component (26). S12, Assemble the mortise and tenon parts storage box: Place the eighth part (26) into the box body (11), and then slide the box cover (10) into the snap-fit ​​groove (11.2) on the box body (11). At this time, the assembly of the mortise and tenon parts storage box is completed.

4. A storage box for mortise and tenon joint components, characterized in that: The storage box includes the mortise and tenon components, and the storage box is assembled from the mortise and tenon components according to the assembly method described in claim 3.

5. A method for assembling a storage rack, characterized in that, The assembly steps for using the mortise and tenon joints described in claim 2 to assemble a shelf are as follows: S1: Insert the rear tenon (3.2) of the third tenon (3) into the second square groove (2.1) of the second tenon (2); S2: The fourth half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure (9.1) of the ninth tenon (9) and the third half-tenon and half-mortise composite structure of the third tenon (3) are combined. 3.1) They are joined together, wherein the front dovetail tenon (3.1.4) is inserted into the fourth mortise (9.1.2), and the front dovetail tenon (3.1.4) is inserted into the third mortise (9.1.1); S3. Assemble the ninth component (27): Insert the right trapezoidal tenon (9.3) of the ninth tenon (9) into the lower trapezoidal groove (8.2) of the eighth tenon (8). All the parts in the above steps together form the ninth component (27). In this step, the right trapezoidal tenon (9.3) is not completely inserted into the lower trapezoidal groove (8.2). The insertion depth is based on the alignment of the front surfaces of the ninth tenon (9) and the eighth tenon (8) in the front-back direction. S4: Slide one of the first rectangular inserts (14) into the seventh square groove (7.4) of the seventh tenon (7). In this step, the first rectangular insert (14) is not completely submerged in the seventh square groove (7.4). The height of the first rectangular insert (14) is slightly greater than the depth of the seventh square groove (7.4). S5: The seventh tenon (7) and the fifth tenon (5) are closely abutted together, so that the positions of the first front tenon (5.7) and the second front tenon (7.6) correspond in the front-back direction, and together form the front tenon assembly (32), while the second concave tenon (7.5) and the first concave tenon (5.6) together form the concave tenon assembly (33). S6: Insert the frame insert (15) into the concave tenon assembly (33) so that the front tenon assembly (32) completely fills the interior of the frame insert (15); then insert the second rectangular insert (16) into the first concave tenon (5.6) so that the second rectangular insert (16) and the frame insert (15) are in close contact. S7. Assemble the tenth component (28): Insert the upper trapezoidal tenon (5.5) of the fifth tenon (5) into the front trapezoidal mortise (4.3) of the fourth tenon (4), and insert the upper tenon (5.4) into the lower left mortise (4.2), so that the front surfaces of the fourth tenon (4), the fifth tenon (5), and the seventh tenon (7) correspond in the front-back direction. All parts from S to S7 together form the tenth component (28). S8: Insert one end of the thin sheet (18) completely into the through top tenon (4.4), with this end of the thin sheet (18) not protruding from the top tenon (4.4), and insert the other end into the non-through extension tenon (2.4) to connect the tenth component (28) with the ninth component (27). S9. Assemble the eleventh component (29): Insert one half of the other first rectangular plug (14) into the first square groove (1.1) of the first tenon (1), and then insert the other half of the first rectangular plug (14) into the third square groove (2.2) of the second tenon (2), so that the first tenon (1) and the second tenon (2) are tightly connected. The parts in the above steps together form the eleventh component (29). S10: Place the box (11) into the eleventh component (29) so that the sixth mortise (11.4) of the box (11) and the fifth mortise (9.2) of the ninth tenon (9) are aligned vertically and coincidentally, and the eighth square groove (11.3) of the box (11) and the sixth square groove (7.1) of the seventh tenon (7) are aligned front to back and coincidentally, and coincidentally, their axes coincidentally. S11: Insert the 12-shaped plug into the aligned eighth square groove (11.3) and sixth square groove (7.1), so that the upper flange (12.1) of the 12-shaped plug into the circular tenon groove (7.2) in the sixth square groove (7.1) and the lower flange (12.3) just stays in the box (11), that is, the upper rod (12.2) just makes the seventh tenon joint (7), the box (11) and the lower flange (12.3) without gaps. Then rotate the 12-shaped plug counterclockwise 90 degrees and abut tightly against the locking block (7.3), thereby restricting the rotation of the 12-shaped plug and making the box (11) and the seventh tenon joint (7) tightly connected. S12: Connect the two ends of one of the room-shaped plugs (17) to the first room-shaped mortise (6.3) of the sixth tenon (6) and the second room-shaped mortise (8.3) of the eighth tenon (8), respectively, and insert the other room-shaped plug (17) into the sixth room-shaped mortise (11.4) of the box (11) and the fifth room-shaped mortise (9.2) of the ninth tenon (9) that are aligned with each other; S13: Insert the boss (10.1) of the box cover (10) into the L-shaped mortise (6.1) of the sixth tenon (6), so that the third I-beam groove (10.2) of the box cover (10) and the first I-beam groove (1.2) of the first tenon (1) are aligned vertically and coincidentally. S14: Insert the I-shaped plug (13) into the aligned third I-shaped slot (10.2) and first I-shaped slot (1.2) so that the box cover (10) and the first tenon joint (1) are tightly connected, and the assembly of the shelf is completed.

6. A storage rack, characterized in that: The shelf includes the tenon and mortise components, and the shelf is assembled from the tenon and mortise components according to the assembly method described in claim 5.

7. A method for optimizing 3D printing parameters of the mortise and tenon component as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When 3D printing the mortise and tenon components using PLA-based printing filament, the following optimization steps are performed: structural strength optimization of printing parameters, support and printing direction optimization, surface quality optimization, process detail optimization, and tenon and mortise tolerance optimization. This achieves high-precision forming and stable assembly of the mortise and tenon components. The specific optimization steps are as follows: S1. Structural strength optimization: Increase the local filling density of the core stress areas such as tenons and mortises to 70-80%, while maintaining the filling density of other areas at 50-60%. Use a spiral pattern for sparse filling. Add micro-reinforcing ribs at the root of the tenon and inside the mortise wall. Add a 0.8-1.2mm thick annular skirt to the bottom of the box or set small round pieces with a diameter of 5-8mm at the four corners. Fill the bottom of the box with a grid and solid frame, with a frame width ≥3mm. S2, Optimization of support and printing direction: For structures with an overhang angle greater than 45 degrees, tree-shaped support is used, and the support contact points are set as dots with a diameter of 0.2~0.3mm; the Z distance of the top of the support is set to 0mm; PLA special support consumables are selected; the tenon and mortise mating surfaces are perpendicular to the printing platform; long strip components are printed along the long side; the box cover (10) and box body (11) are printed sideways; the forming quality of large-span overhanging structures is optimized by adjusting the printing direction; S3, Surface quality optimization: Ironing treatment is applied to the exterior surface and the box cover (10) panel, only on the top / critical layer, with the ironing speed set to 20mm / s and the flow rate 25%; the mating surface / exterior surface uses a layer height of 0.08~0.1mm, and the internal non-critical area uses a layer height of 0.2mm; the printing line width of the mating surface is set to 0.4mm, the printing speed is reduced to 30~40mm / s, and the speed of the exterior wall is reduced to 30mm / s; the internal filling speed is increased to 60~80mm / s; the wall sequence is set to the inner wall first and then the outer wall; for variable cross-section layer textures, the inner rounded corners or bevels are added to the variable cross-section structure during modeling; the overlap rate between sparse filling and the exterior wall is adjusted from 15% to -10% to reduce shrinkage stress; random seam or hidden seam mode is adopted; the seam overlap of 0.2~0.5mm is enabled and the extrusion amount at the seam is finely adjusted to 90%~100%; S4. Process detail optimization: Set XY direction shrinkage compensation in the slicing software according to the shrinkage rate of PLA consumables of 4.4~4.9%; keep the fan on throughout the PLA consumable printing process, and appropriately reduce the fan speed in the overhanging part; adopt a layer-by-layer printing sequence; print multiple models on the same disc to extend the overall layer time; S5. Tenon and mortise tolerance optimization: Based on the PLA basic consumables, the box body (11) is 100mm long and scaled up as a whole. The tolerance can be adjusted within the preset range according to the actual assembly requirements. Generally, a tolerance of 0.08~0.12mm is reserved at the joint of components, a tolerance of 0.04~0.06mm is reserved at the joint of special components, a tolerance of 0.18~0.22mm is reserved at the joint of frame plug (15) and second rectangular plug (16), and a tolerance of 0.38~0.42mm is reserved at the lateral joint of box body (11) and box cover (10).

8. The method for optimizing 3D printing parameters of mortise and tenon components according to claim 7, characterized in that: This also includes post-processing optimization: First, use diagonal pliers to cut off large support pieces, then use a knife / file to clean up any remaining support in key areas; for support residue that is difficult to clean in precision areas, use sandpaper to lightly sand it away; use 400-800 grit sandpaper to sand the mating surfaces of tenons, mortises, etc., following the grain; focus on sanding the hollow grooves with inner bosses, dovetail teeth, and other precision mating areas; after sanding, clean the surface debris with an alcohol wipe; make minor corrections to parts with dimensional deviations to ensure that the mating clearance is controlled within 0.08-0.15mm.

9. The method for optimizing 3D printing parameters of mortise and tenon components according to claim 7, characterized in that: The 3D printing equipment uses Topzhu industrial-grade desktop printers P1 / X1 series, and the printing process is SLA photopolymerization molding.

10. The method for optimizing 3D printing parameters of mortise and tenon components according to claim 7, characterized in that: If the printing consumable is PLA Wood, it needs to be dried at 55℃ for 8 hours before printing; If PLA filament is replaced with PETG filament, then set the XY direction shrinkage compensation in the slicing software according to the 2.8~3.2% shrinkage rate of PETG filament, and reduce the fan speed to 50~70% when printing precision structures.

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