An online health evaluation device and method for high-voltage fuses based on pressure drop self-power and degradation feature fusion

Abstract

This invention discloses an online health assessment device and method for high-voltage fuses based on the fusion of voltage drop self-powering and degradation characteristics. The device includes a parallel power supply module, an isolated power supply module, a synchronous sampling module, a data processing module, and a life assessment module. The parallel power supply module is used to power the device by utilizing the fuse's operating voltage drop after boosting, rectification, energy storage, and voltage stabilization. The synchronous sampling module is used to synchronously collect the voltage signal across the fuse and the current signal flowing through the fuse. The data processing module is used to perform phase compensation on the current signal and calculate the equivalent internal resistance of the fuse. The life assessment module is used to output the fuse's health index and remaining life. This invention can achieve online monitoring and early warning of high-voltage fuses without disassembling the fuse or interrupting operation, and has the advantages of high safety, strong anti-interference ability, and assessment results that are more consistent with the fuse degradation mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of online monitoring and condition assessment technology for high-voltage power equipment, and in particular to an online health assessment device and method for high-voltage fuses based on the fusion of voltage drop self-powering and degradation characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] High-voltage fuses are widely used in power distribution systems, transformer protection branches, capacitor banks, and industrial high-voltage applications. Their function is to isolate faults by melting the fuse element in the event of a short circuit or severe overload. Most existing high-voltage fuses are passive protection components that are "visible after operation but difficult to detect before operation," and their health status is typically lacking continuous monitoring methods during operation. Especially under the combined effects of long-term load current, short-term inrush current, and ambient temperature rise, the fuse element and connection parts will experience contact degradation, material fatigue, and internal resistance drift, resulting in a risk of performance degradation before the fuse even operates. Existing solutions include two main approaches: one type of technology can only perform localized detection of the fuse terminal voltage or internal resistance, which is insufficient to meet the online, isolation, and anti-interference requirements of high-voltage scenarios; another type of technology, while incorporating general machine learning models for lifetime prediction, typically lacks feature construction that matches the fuse degradation mechanism, making it difficult to generate stable and reliable remaining lifetime assessment results. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a non-intrusive online monitoring and lifetime assessment scheme more suitable for the operating scenarios of high-voltage fuses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online health assessment device and method for high-voltage fuses, in order to solve the problems in the prior art such as the difficulty in self-powered online monitoring of high-voltage fuses, insufficient sampling isolation and anti-interference capabilities, and the disconnect between life assessment and actual degradation process.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: a parallel power supply module is connected to both ends of the high-voltage fuse under test, and the monitoring power supply is formed by stepping up, rectifying, storing energy and stabilizing the operating voltage drop of the fuse; a synchronous sampling module synchronously collects the voltage signal across the fuse and the current signal flowing through the fuse under a unified clock; a data processing module calculates the equivalent internal resistance of the fuse after integrating and phase compensation of the current signal; and a life assessment module constructs a degradation feature vector based on the normalized internal resistance increment, the resistance growth rate per unit time, the cumulative amount of inrush current and the load fluctuation factor, and outputs the health index and remaining life based on this vector.

[0005] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects:

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) the monitoring device is powered by the operating voltage drop of the fuse, reducing the amount of external auxiliary power supply and on-site modification work; (2) the voltage and current signals are synchronously and accurately acquired in high-voltage scenarios through differential sampling, isolated transmission and Rogowski coil integral correction; (3) the internal resistance extraction accuracy under AC conditions is improved by calculating the equivalent internal resistance after phase compensation; (4) by constructing a degradation feature vector oriented towards the degradation mechanism of the fuse, the life assessment is improved from "single threshold alarm" to "joint judgment of health index and remaining life"; (5) the whole scheme can be implemented without disassembling the fuse or changing the main circuit structure, and is suitable for online status perception and predictive maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0007] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0008] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an online health assessment device for high-voltage fuses based on the fusion of voltage drop self-powering and degradation characteristics in one embodiment of this application.

[0009] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a high-voltage fuse life assessment method in another embodiment of this application; Detailed Implementation

[0010] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0011] To better understand this application, the embodiments of this application will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0012] This embodiment provides an online health assessment device for high-voltage fuses based on the fusion of voltage drop self-powering and degradation characteristics. For example... Figure 1As shown, the device includes a parallel power supply module, an isolated power supply module, a synchronous sampling module, a data processing module, and a life assessment module; in another embodiment, it may also include a communication module connected to the data processing module or the life assessment module, for sending the equivalent internal resistance, degradation feature vector, health index, and remaining life assessment results to a remote monitoring terminal or cloud platform.

[0013] The parallel power supply module is connected in parallel across the two ends of the high-voltage fuse under test to acquire the voltage drop signal during fuse operation. Since a small operating voltage drop exists across the high-voltage fuse under normal operating conditions, this voltage drop can both characterize the fuse's conduction state and serve as the initial power source for the monitoring device. Therefore, this invention eliminates the need for an independent auxiliary power supply, enabling online monitoring without disassembling the fuse or altering the main circuit structure.

[0014] The isolated power supply module is connected to the parallel power extraction module and is used to boost, rectify, store energy, and regulate the voltage drop signal, and output the operating power of the monitoring device. Preferably, the isolated power supply module includes a boost unit, a rectification unit, an energy storage unit, and a voltage regulation unit. The boost unit is used to boost the voltage drop signal to a voltage range usable by subsequent circuits; the rectification unit is used to convert the boosted AC signal into a DC signal; the energy storage unit is used to maintain continuous power supply to the monitoring device when the fuse operating voltage drop is low or the load fluctuates; and the voltage regulation unit is used to output isolated low-voltage DC power for use by the synchronous sampling module, data processing module, and life assessment module. The energy storage unit can be an energy storage capacitor or a supercapacitor.

[0015] The synchronous sampling module includes a voltage sampling unit and a current sampling unit, which perform synchronous sampling under a unified clock. The voltage sampling unit is used to acquire the voltage signal across the high-voltage fuse under test; the current sampling unit is used to acquire the current signal flowing through the high-voltage fuse under test. Using a unified clock for synchronous sampling ensures that the voltage and current channels acquire data under the same sampling reference, reducing phase errors caused by asynchronous sampling under AC operating conditions.

[0016] Preferably, the voltage sampling unit includes a voltage divider circuit, a differential sampling circuit, and an isolation transmission circuit. The voltage divider circuit converts the voltage across the high-voltage fuse under test into a low-voltage signal suitable for sampling; the differential sampling circuit performs differential sampling on the low-voltage signal to suppress common-mode interference; and the isolation transmission circuit transmits the sampling results to the data processing module, thereby improving the security and anti-interference capability of data acquisition in high-voltage scenarios.

[0017] Preferably, the current sampling unit includes an open-type Rogowski coil and an integral correction circuit. The open-type Rogowski coil is sleeved around the outer periphery of the conductor of the high-voltage fuse under test, and is used to output an induced signal corresponding to the rate of change of current; the integral correction circuit is used to integrate the induced signal and compensate for its amplitude and phase to obtain a sampling signal corresponding to the actual current. Using an open-type Rogowski coil allows for installation without power interruption or wire disconnection, making it suitable for on-site online deployment of high-voltage fuses.

[0018] The data processing module performs phase compensation on the synchronously sampled current signal to obtain a compensated current signal, and calculates the equivalent internal resistance of the high-voltage fuse under test based on the synchronously sampled voltage signal and the compensated current signal. Preferably, the data processing module calculates the equivalent internal resistance according to the following formula: R_f=∑[u(k)·i_c(k)] / ∑[i_c(k)^2], where u(k) is the voltage value at the k-th sampling point, and i_c(k) is the compensated current value at the k-th sampling point. Using the above formula can reduce the influence of voltage and current waveform phase difference and noise disturbance on the internal resistance estimation result under AC operating conditions.

[0019] The life assessment module is used to construct a degradation feature vector based on the equivalent internal resistance and output the health index and remaining life assessment results of the high-voltage fuse under test. The degradation feature vector includes at least the normalized internal resistance increment, the resistance growth rate per unit time, the cumulative inrush current, and the load fluctuation factor. Specifically, the normalized internal resistance increment reflects the deviation of the current internal resistance from the initial reference internal resistance; the resistance growth rate per unit time characterizes the fuse degradation rate; the cumulative inrush current characterizes the degree of overload impact experienced by the high-voltage fuse under test during its operating cycle; and the load fluctuation factor reflects the level of thermal-electric coupling stress caused by load fluctuations.

[0020] Furthermore, the life assessment module calculates a health index HI based on the degradation feature vector. The health index satisfies: HI = w1·ΔR_n + w2·G_R + w3·J_imp + w4·F_load, where ΔR_n represents the normalized internal resistance increment, G_R represents the resistance growth rate per unit time, J_imp represents the cumulative inrush current, F_load represents the load fluctuation factor, and w1, w2, w3, and w4 are preset weighting coefficients. Since each of the above features corresponds to the degree of degradation, a larger health index HI value indicates more severe fuse degradation.

[0021] like Figure 2As shown, the method for assessing the lifespan of a high-voltage fuse using the aforementioned device includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the operating voltage drop of the high-voltage fuse under test using a parallel power supply module, and complete the voltage boosting, rectification, energy storage, and voltage stabilization through an isolated power supply module to power the monitoring device; S2. Synchronously acquire the voltage signal across the high-voltage fuse under test and the current signal flowing through the high-voltage fuse under test under a unified clock; S3. Integrate and perform phase compensation on the current signal, and calculate the equivalent internal resistance of the high-voltage fuse under test in combination with the voltage signal; S4. Extract the normalized internal resistance increment, the resistance growth rate per unit time, the cumulative inrush current, and the load fluctuation factor based on the equivalent internal resistance to construct a degradation feature vector; S5. Output the health index and remaining lifespan assessment results of the high-voltage fuse under test based on the degradation feature vector, and issue an early warning when the health index or remaining lifespan reaches a threshold.

[0022] In step S5, the remaining lifespan assessment result can be output through a health index threshold grading model or through a regression model trained based on degradation feature vectors. The regression model can be a gradient boosting tree model, an XGBoost model, a random forest model, or a combination thereof. When the health index HI is greater than or equal to a preset threshold TH, or the predicted remaining lifespan is less than or equal to a preset lifespan threshold, the system issues an early warning and outputs maintenance or replacement recommendations; otherwise, the system updates the baseline data and continues online monitoring.

[0023] This invention achieves online health assessment of high-voltage fuses without disassembly or interruption of operation through a collaborative design that integrates voltage drop self-powering, isolated power supply, synchronous sampling, phase compensation internal resistance calculation, and degradation characteristic fusion lifetime assessment. Compared with schemes that rely solely on a single voltage or internal resistance threshold for judgment, this invention can more accurately reflect the long-term degradation process of fuses and improve the consistency between early warning results and actual degradation mechanisms.

[0024] In this embodiment, the device operates as follows:

[0025] First, the device is connected in parallel across the two ends of the fuse under test, and a Rogowski coil is placed around the outside of the fuse conductor. After the fuse under test is put into operation, the voltage drop across its two ends is input to the parallel power supply module. After processing by the boost unit, rectifier unit, energy storage unit, and voltage regulator unit, a stable DC power supply is output to power the various modules of the system.

[0026] Simultaneously, the voltage detection unit acquires the voltage signal across the fuse under test in real time, while the current detection unit obtains the fuse current signal through a Rogowski coil and an integrating circuit. These two signals enter a synchronous sampling circuit, where they are sampled synchronously under the coordinated control of the phase synchronization unit and clock synchronization unit within the controller. The sampled analog signal is then converted into a digital signal by the ADC module and sent to the controller.

[0027] The controller calculates the equivalent internal resistance of the fuse under test based on the voltage and current data obtained from synchronous sampling, and further extracts degradation characteristic parameters such as normalized internal resistance increment, internal resistance growth rate, cumulative inrush current, and load fluctuation factor to construct a health index HI. Finally, based on the relationship between the health index HI and the threshold TH, the current health status and remaining life of the fuse under test are assessed, and a result for continued monitoring or life warning is output.

[0028] For parts not described in detail in this embodiment, please refer to... Figure 1 The embodiments shown are mutually referential to the embodiments described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0029] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A high-voltage fuse online health assessment device based on the fusion of voltage drop self-powering and degradation characteristics, characterized in that, include: Parallel power supply module, isolated power supply module, synchronous sampling module, data processing module, and life assessment module; The parallel power supply module is connected in parallel to both ends of the high-voltage fuse under test, and is used to obtain the voltage drop signal when the high-voltage fuse under test is running. The isolated power supply module is connected to the parallel power supply module and is used to boost, rectify, store energy and stabilize the voltage drop signal, and output the working power of the monitoring device. The synchronous sampling module includes a voltage sampling unit and a current sampling unit. The voltage sampling unit is used to collect the voltage signal across the high-voltage fuse under test, and the current sampling unit is used to collect the current signal flowing through the high-voltage fuse under test. The voltage sampling unit and the current sampling unit perform synchronous sampling under a unified clock. The data processing module is used to calculate the equivalent internal resistance of the high-voltage fuse under test based on the voltage and current signals obtained by synchronous sampling. The life assessment module is used to construct a degradation feature vector based on the equivalent internal resistance and output the health index and remaining life assessment results of the high-voltage fuse under test.

2. The online health assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolated power supply module includes a boost unit, a rectifier unit, an energy storage unit, and a voltage regulator unit; the energy storage unit includes an energy storage capacitor or a supercapacitor, used to maintain continuous power supply to the monitoring device when the fuse operating voltage drop is low or the load fluctuates; the voltage regulator unit outputs isolated low-voltage DC power to the synchronous sampling module, the data processing module, and the life assessment module.

3. The online health assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage sampling unit includes a voltage divider circuit, a differential sampling circuit, and an isolation transmission circuit. The voltage divider circuit is used to convert the voltage across the high-voltage fuse under test into a low-voltage signal suitable for sampling. The differential sampling circuit is used to suppress common-mode interference. The isolation transmission circuit is used to transmit the sampling result to the data processing module.

4. The online health assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current sampling unit includes an open-type Rogowski coil and an integral correction circuit. The open-type Rogowski coil is sleeved on the outer periphery of the conductor of the high-voltage fuse under test and is used to output an induced signal corresponding to the rate of change of current. The integral correction circuit is used to integrate the induced signal and compensate for its amplitude and phase to obtain a sampling signal corresponding to the actual current.

5. The online health assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing module is used to perform phase compensation on the current signal obtained by synchronous sampling to obtain the compensated current signal, and calculate the equivalent internal resistance of the high-voltage fuse under test according to the following formula based on the compensated current signal and voltage signal: R_f=Σ[u(k)·i_c(k)] / ∑[i_c(k)^2], where u(k) is the voltage value of the kth sampling point and i_c(k) is the compensated current value of the kth sampling point.

6. The online health assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degradation feature vector includes at least the normalized internal resistance increment, the internal resistance growth rate per unit time, the cumulative inrush current, and the load fluctuation factor; wherein, the normalized internal resistance increment is the ratio of the difference between the current equivalent internal resistance and the initial reference internal resistance to the initial reference internal resistance, and the cumulative inrush current is used to characterize the degree of overload impact experienced by the high-voltage fuse under test during the operating cycle.

7. The online health assessment device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The life assessment module calculates the health index HI based on the degradation feature vector. The health index HI satisfies: HI=w1·ΔR_n+w2·G_R+w3·J_imp+w4·F_load; where ΔR_n represents the normalized internal resistance increment, G_R represents the resistance growth rate per unit time, J_imp represents the cumulative impact current, F_load represents the load fluctuation factor, and w1, w2, w3, and w4 are preset weighting coefficients.

8. The online health assessment device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, It also includes a communication module, which is connected to the data processing module or the lifetime assessment module, and is used to send the equivalent internal resistance, degradation feature vector, health index and remaining lifetime assessment results to a remote monitoring terminal or cloud platform.

9. A method for assessing the lifespan of a high-voltage fuse using the online health assessment device described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The operating voltage drop of the high-voltage fuse under test is obtained by using the parallel power supply module, and the voltage is boosted, rectified, stored and stabilized by the isolation power supply module to supply power to the monitoring device. S2. Synchronously acquire the voltage signal across the high-voltage fuse under test and the current signal flowing through the high-voltage fuse under test under a unified clock; S3. Integrate and phase compensate the current signal, and calculate the equivalent internal resistance of the high-voltage fuse under test in combination with the voltage signal; S4. Extract the normalized internal resistance increment, resistance growth rate per unit time, cumulative impact current and load fluctuation factor based on the equivalent internal resistance to construct a degradation feature vector; S5. Output the health index and remaining life assessment results of the high-voltage fuse under test based on the degradation feature vector, and issue an early warning when the health index or remaining life reaches the threshold.

10. The method for assessing the lifespan of a high-voltage fuse according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S5, the remaining life expectancy assessment result is output through a health index threshold grading model or a regression model trained based on degradation feature vectors. The regression model is a gradient boosting tree model, an XGBoost model, a random forest model, or a combination thereof.

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