A planning management method and system of a smart tea garden

Abstract

The application relates to a planning management method and system of a smart tea garden, and relates to the technical field of tea garden management. The tea garden is divided into multiple time control units with relatively independent environments, and a non-natural light period, light intensity, segmented soil temperature function and intermittent water supply period are respectively set for each unit to construct a differentiated growth rhythm parameter set, so that time dislocation control of a tea tree growth stage is realized. A growth stage judgment function is constructed based on bud length, leaf unfolding angle and growth rate, growth stage switching is triggered when the duration and environmental stability conditions are met, and a stress memory regulation mechanism is introduced in the switching process by introducing temperature, light or water mutation. Further, a picking scheduling sequence is generated according to the growth stage distribution of each unit, continuous output with a picking time interval of no more than 3 days is realized, the natural synchronous growth mode of the tea tree is effectively broken, and the consistency of fresh leaf quality and the secondary metabolism level are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of tea garden management, and in particular to a smart tea garden planning and management method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Tea cultivation is a typical cyclical agricultural production process. Its growth rhythm is mainly affected by natural diurnal variations, seasonal temperature, and water conditions, and usually exhibits obvious synchronicity and stage characteristics. In current technology, tea garden management relies heavily on natural environmental regulation or simple artificial interventions, such as unified irrigation, supplemental lighting, or temperature control measures. However, the overall process still follows the natural growth cycle, resulting in tea trees sprouting, growing, and maturing at the same time.

[0003] The above-mentioned model has the following technical problems: First, because tea trees grow at a high degree of synchronization and the harvesting time is concentrated, it is easy to cause a surge in labor demand in a short period of time, while there is a significant idle period during the non-harvesting period, making it difficult to achieve a stable production rhythm; Second, concentrated harvesting leads to a large dispersion in the quality of fresh leaves, with different growth stages mixed together, affecting the stability of product grade; Third, the existing control methods are mainly static environmental control, lacking refined intervention methods for the growth rhythm of tea trees, making it difficult to achieve controllable scheduling of the growth process; In addition, traditional tea garden management does not consider the role of plant stress response in quality control, and fails to effectively utilize changes in temperature, light or water to induce secondary metabolism, thus limiting the potential for improving tea quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a smart tea garden planning and management method and system to solve the problems in the background art.

[0005] The intelligent tea garden planning and management method provided in this application adopts the following technical solution: Specific steps are as follows:

[0006] S1. Construct multiple time control units according to the spatial distribution of the tea garden. The area of ​​each time control unit is 20-200㎡, and physical isolation or environmental interference suppression structures are set between adjacent time control units to make the environmental coupling degree between units ≤15%.

[0007] S2. Establish a set of growth rhythm control parameters for each time control unit. The parameter set includes at least the photoperiod length T, light intensity I, soil temperature function θ(t), and water supply cycle W, where: T is a non-natural diurnal cycle of 18-30h; I is adjustable from 2000 to 12000 lx; ​​θ(t) is a piecewise function, and the soil temperature is increased to 25℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h and held at that temperature for 12h, then decreased to 18℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h; W is the intermittent water supply cycle, with a water supply interval of 6-72h.

[0008] S3. Based on the growth rhythm control parameter set, implement time intervention control for each time control unit so that the tea tree growth stages of different time control units form a stage difference of at least 2 to 5 days.

[0009] S4. Collect growth status data of tea trees in each time control unit and construct a growth stage determination function.

[0010] F(x) = ω1 × (L / Lmax) + ω2 × (α / αmax) + ω3 × (v / vmax), where x is composed of bud length L, leaf unfolding angle α, and growth rate v per unit time, with the unit of v being mm / d; Lmax, αmax, and vmax are the reference thresholds for the corresponding indicators; when F(x) reaches the preset threshold range, it is determined that the corresponding growth stage has been entered.

[0011] S5. When the growth stage determination function F(x) remains within the target stage threshold range for 12 consecutive hours and the environmental fluctuation amplitude is less than the set threshold, the growth stage switching control is triggered.

[0012] S6. Introduce a stress memory regulation mechanism during the stage switching process. By applying at least one of the following within 2 to 10 hours: temperature change (≥5℃), light change (≥50%), or water change (≥12 hours of water cut-off), the tea tree will form a short-term stress memory and recover to the baseline environment within 24 to 72 hours.

[0013] S7. Based on the growth stage distribution of each time control unit, generate a time-staggered harvesting sequence to ensure that the harvesting time interval is ≤3 days, thereby achieving continuous harvesting output.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, the tea garden is divided into multiple time control units and a differentiated growth rhythm parameter set is constructed, which transforms the traditional synchronous growth of tea trees into time-staggered growth, thereby achieving decentralized harvesting time and significantly improving the continuity of harvesting and production stability. At the same time, by combining stage judgment functions and composite triggering mechanisms, the accuracy of growth stage identification is improved, and secondary metabolic accumulation is promoted through stress memory regulation, which improves the quality of tea while ensuring continuous output.

[0015] Preferably, the environmental coupling degree is obtained by calculating the comprehensive deviation of temperature difference, humidity difference and light difference, and satisfies: Coupling degree = (ΔT / T0 + ΔH / H0 + ΔI / I0) / 3 ≤ 15%, where ΔT is the temperature difference between adjacent time control units, T0 is the set reference temperature value, ΔH is the humidity difference between adjacent time control units, H0 is the reference humidity value, ΔI is the light difference between adjacent time control units, and I0 is the reference light intensity value.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, and by quantitatively constraining temperature, humidity and light difference and controlling the environmental coupling degree to ≤15%, the environmental interference between adjacent time control units is effectively reduced, the independence and controllability of the growth rhythm of each unit are improved, thereby ensuring the stable realization of time misalignment control.

[0017] Preferably, the photoperiod length T is set as a non-integer multiple of the natural day-night cycle to avoid the tea tree from developing a natural biological clock synchronization.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution and setting the photoperiod to be a non-integer multiple of the natural day-night cycle, the internal biological clock synchronization mechanism of tea trees can be effectively broken, and the phenomenon of rhythm convergence in different time control units can be avoided, thereby enhancing the continuity and stability of the misalignment of growth stages.

[0019] Preferably, the soil temperature function θ(t) is set with a lag interval of 1 to 4 hours after the heating phase ends and before the cooling phase begins. During the lag interval, the soil temperature remains constant to induce the tea trees to enter a short-term growth stagnation state.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution and setting a lag interval between the heating and cooling stages, tea trees can be artificially induced to enter a short-term growth stagnation state, which is conducive to the precise control of stage switching, while providing a buffer window for stress regulation and improving the operability of growth rhythm regulation.

[0021] Preferably, the water supply cycle W adopts a random perturbation method, introducing ±10% fluctuation within a set range.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, random perturbation can be introduced into the water supply cycle to prevent tea trees from forming a fixed environmental adaptation pattern, enhance the sensitivity of physiological response, thereby improving the rhythm regulation effect and further promoting quality-related metabolic processes.

[0023] Preferably, the growth stages include the germination period, the growth period, the plateau period, and the stagnant period, wherein the duration of the stagnant period is controlled to be between 12 and 48 hours.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solutions, the tea tree growth process is broken down into the budding stage, growth stage, plateau stage, and stagnant stage, and the stagnant stage is controlled in terms of time. This helps to achieve refined management of different growth stages and improve the consistency of harvesting standards and quality stability.

[0025] Preferably, the stress memory regulation is performed at least twice to enhance the controllability and repeatability of the growth rhythm.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution and through at least two stress memory regulation cycles, the tea tree's ability to respond to environmental changes can be enhanced, the repeatability and stability of its growth rhythm can be improved, and the accumulation effect of secondary metabolism can be enhanced, thereby further improving the quality of tea.

[0027] The planning and management system for smart tea gardens includes a time control unit module, which is used to divide the garden into multiple environmentally independent control units and configure an isolation structure.

[0028] The environment execution module includes:

[0029] The illumination control submodule outputs light intensity of 2000–12000 lx and light cycle of 18–30 h.

[0030] The soil temperature control submodule enables piecewise temperature function control.

[0031] The irrigation control submodule enables intermittent water supply for 6–72 hours.

[0032] The rhythm control module is used to generate asynchronous growth rhythm parameter sets and issue them for execution.

[0033] The data acquisition module is used to collect data on bud length, leaf morphology, and growth rate.

[0034] The stage determination module has a built-in growth stage determination function F(x);

[0035] The stage switching module is used to perform growth stage switching when the composite conditions are met;

[0036] The stress regulation module is used to execute environmental mutations and form stress memories;

[0037] The harvesting scheduling module is used to generate staggered harvesting sequences.

[0038] The isolation structure includes at least one of a light-blocking curtain, a heat insulation layer, or an airflow blocking structure;

[0039] The rhythm control module uses a nonlinear time series algorithm to generate control parameters for different units;

[0040] The stress regulation module has a multi-mode switching function, which can be used to select sudden temperature changes, sudden light changes, or sudden moisture changes.

[0041] The harvesting time sequence output by the harvesting scheduling module satisfies the constraint of continuous harvesting with a time interval of no more than 3 days.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solutions and constructing a system architecture that includes modules such as time control, environmental execution, rhythm control, data acquisition, and harvesting scheduling, the entire growth process of tea trees can be automated and controlled in a closed loop, thereby improving management efficiency, reducing the intensity of manual intervention, and ensuring the stable implementation of the time-staggered growth and continuous harvesting strategy.

[0043] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0044] By constructing multiple relatively independent time control units and introducing non-natural photoperiods, segmented temperature control functions, and intermittent water supply mechanisms, the growth rhythm of tea trees is actively intervened, enabling different units to form stable growth stage misalignments. This transforms the traditional synchronous growth mode into a time-distributed growth mode, achieving continuous harvesting output. Simultaneously, by setting growth stage determination functions and composite triggering conditions, the accuracy of growth stage identification and control stability are improved. Furthermore, a stress memory regulation mechanism is introduced during stage switching, using sudden changes in temperature, light, or moisture to induce short-term physiological responses in tea trees, thereby promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites and improving tea quality. In addition, through environmental coupling control and random perturbation strategies, interference between units is effectively reduced and biological clock synchronization is avoided, thus improving the overall controllability, repeatability, and production stability of the system. Detailed Implementation

[0045] A smart tea garden planning and management method is proposed. The total area of ​​the tea garden is 600㎡, which is evenly divided into 6 time control units along the east-west direction. Each time control unit has an area of ​​100㎡. Adjacent time control units are equipped with double-layer blackout curtains and polycarbonate isolation boards with a height of 2.5m and a thickness of 8mm. The inner layer of the double-layer blackout curtain is a black polyester blackout cloth with a thickness of 0.5mm, and the outer layer is an aluminum foil reflective film with a thickness of 0.2mm. The two are fixedly connected by support rods with a spacing of 5cm. This controls the temperature difference between adjacent units to 2℃, the humidity difference to 6%, and the light difference to 800lx. The calculated environmental coupling degree is 0.10. Each time control unit is set with fixed growth rhythm parameters. The photoperiod is set to 20h, 22h, 24h, 26h, 28h and 30h respectively. The light intensity is uniformly set to 8000lx. The soil temperature is executed according to a function, which raises the temperature to 25℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h and holds it for 12h, and then lowers it to 18℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h. Irrigation is carried out by drip irrigation, which supplies water once every 24 hours and the water supply lasts for 30 minutes. This creates a 3-day growth stage difference in the budding time of tea trees in adjacent time control units.

[0046] The built-in growth stage determination function is F(x), F(x) = ω1·(L / Lmax) + ω2·(α / αmax) + ω3·(v / vmax), where L is the bud length. : Leaf spread angle, v: Growth rate per unit time, Lmax: Bud length reference threshold, αmax: Leaf spread angle reference threshold, vmax: Growth rate reference threshold, ω1, ω2, ω3: Weighting coefficients. During operation, data on bud length, leaf spread angle, and growth rate of tea trees are acquired through image acquisition equipment and growth sensors. When the bud length reaches 15mm, the leaf spread angle reaches 120°, and the growth rate reaches 2mm / d, the tea tree is determined to have entered the growth period. After the above state is maintained for 12 hours, the current environmental parameters are maintained unchanged for 24 hours. After the maintenance ends, stress regulation is implemented. The soil temperature is reduced from 25℃ to 18℃ within 2 hours and irrigation is stopped for 24 hours. After the stress ends, the original growth rhythm parameters are restored. Harvesting is carried out every 2 days in the order of 6 time control units to achieve time-staggered control of tea tree growth rhythm and continuous harvesting.

[0047] The smart tea garden planning and management system includes six time control units, each with an area of ​​100 square meters. Adjacent units are separated by double-layered blackout curtains and 8mm thick polycarbonate partitions to achieve environmental isolation. Each time control unit contains an environmental execution module. The lighting control module uses LED supplementary lighting installed at a height of 2 meters, with a color temperature of 5000K, and outputs 8000lx light intensity, providing light cycles of 20h, 22h, 24h, 26h, 28h, and 30h respectively. The soil temperature control module uses buried heating and cooling pipes to achieve a temperature control curve of heating to 25℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h, maintaining the temperature for 12 hours, and then cooling down to 18℃. The irrigation module uses drip irrigation to supply 30m³ of water in a 24-hour cycle. The system also includes a data acquisition module and a control module. The data acquisition module includes a top camera and a stem measurement sensor to collect data on bud length, leaf spread angle, and growth rate. The control module uses a PLC controller. When the detected bud length reaches 15mm, the leaf spread angle reaches 120°, and the growth rate reaches 2mm / d and lasts for 12 hours, the control environment execution module maintains the current parameters for 24 hours. After the maintenance ends, the stress regulation module executes the control operation to reduce the soil temperature from 25℃ to 18℃ within 2 hours and stop irrigation for 24 hours. Then, it restores the initial environmental parameters and outputs a harvesting schedule command so that each time control unit can rotate and harvest at a 2-day interval.

[0048] Comparative Example: The total area of ​​the tea garden is also 600㎡, divided into 6 planting units, each with an area of ​​100㎡. However, there is no time-staggered control between units, and the environmental isolation structure is eliminated. Adjacent units are only separated by conventional ventilation, and the environmental coupling degree is about 0.45 to 0.60. All units adopt the same natural diurnal rhythm control parameters: photoperiod T: 24h (natural diurnal cycle); light intensity I: varies with natural light (about 3000 to 10000 lx); soil temperature: fluctuates with the natural environment (18 to 30℃); irrigation cycle W: fixed 24h / time, without random disturbance; no stress memory regulation mechanism is introduced during the growth process, that is, no temperature change, light change, or water cut-off treatment is performed; the tea tree growth stage is judged only based on the empirical threshold (picking when the bud is about 15mm long), without setting a continuous 12h stable judgment mechanism, and no stage switching control is performed; the picking method is centralized picking, that is, when most units reach the picking standard, they are picked uniformly, and the picking interval is about 7 to 10 days.

[0049] The comparison table of results is as follows:

[0050] Table 1: Growth Uniformity and Quality Indicators

[0051] Standard deviation of bud length (mm) 1.8 4.6 ↓60.9% Blade spread angle dispersion (°) 12 35 ↓65.7% Growth rate fluctuation (mm / d) ±0.4 ±1.2 ↓66.7% Percentage of effective new shoots (%) 92% 74% ↑24.3% Percentage of Grade 1 fresh leaves (%) 88% 69% ↑27.5%

[0052] Table 2: Indicators of Continuous Harvesting Capacity

[0053] Harvesting interval (days) 2 8 ↓75% Number of harvests per year (times) 150 45 ↑233% Single harvest volatility ≤10% ≥35% ↓71% Continuous supply stability High (no gaps) Low (significant gap period) Significant improvement

[0054] Table 3: Quality Improvement Resulting from Stress Regulation

[0055] Tea polyphenol content (%) 21.5 18.2 ↑18.1% Amino acid content (%) 4.8 3.9 ↑23.1% Phenol-amino ratio 4.48 4.67 optimization Aroma rating (sensory) 8.7 7.2 ↑20.8%

[0056] Table 4: Space Utilization and Output Efficiency

[0057] Annual output per unit area (kg / m²) 2.6 1.4 Effective utilization period (days / year) ≥300 ≤180 Vacancy period Basically none It is obvious

[0058] Comparative examples show that without time-displaced growth rhythm control, environmental decoupling, and stress memory regulation mechanisms, tea tree growth exhibits significant synchronous and periodic fluctuations, leading to concentrated harvesting, high quality dispersion, and noticeable supply interruptions. This invention, by constructing multiple time control units and applying non-natural rhythm control, creates stable displacements in the growth stages of each unit. Simultaneously, by combining stress memory regulation mechanisms, it improves the secondary metabolic level of the tea tree, thereby ensuring consistent growth within each unit while achieving continuous overall output. Experimental results demonstrate that this invention is significantly superior to traditional methods in terms of bud consistency, quality indicators, and continuous harvesting capability.

[0059] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for planning and managing a smart tea garden, characterized by: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Construct multiple time control units according to the spatial distribution of the tea garden. The area of ​​each time control unit is 20-200㎡, and physical isolation or environmental interference suppression structures are set between adjacent time control units to make the environmental coupling degree between units ≤15%. S2. Establish a set of growth rhythm control parameters for each time control unit. The parameter set includes at least the photoperiod length T, light intensity I, soil temperature function θ(t), and water supply cycle W, where: T is a non-natural diurnal cycle of 18-30h; I is adjustable from 2000 to 12000 lx; ​​θ(t) is a piecewise function, and the soil temperature is increased to 25℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h and held at that temperature for 12h, then decreased to 18℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h; W is the intermittent water supply cycle, with a water supply interval of 6-72h. S3. Based on the growth rhythm control parameter set, implement time intervention control for each time control unit so that the tea tree growth stages of different time control units form a stage difference of at least 2 to 5 days. S4. Collect growth status data of tea trees in each time control unit and construct a growth stage determination function. F(x) = ω1 × (L / Lmax) + ω2 × (α / αmax) + ω3 × (v / vmax), where x is composed of bud length L, leaf unfolding angle α, and growth rate v per unit time, with the unit of v being mm / d; Lmax, αmax, and vmax are the reference thresholds for the corresponding indicators; when F(x) reaches the preset threshold range, it is determined that the corresponding growth stage has been entered. S5. When the growth stage determination function F(x) remains within the target stage threshold range for 12 consecutive hours and the environmental fluctuation amplitude is less than the set threshold, the growth stage switching control is triggered. S6. Introduce a stress memory regulation mechanism during the stage switching process. By applying at least one of the following within 2 to 10 hours: temperature change (≥5℃), light change (≥50%), or water change (≥12 hours of water cut-off), the tea tree will form a short-term stress memory and recover to the baseline environment within 24 to 72 hours. S7. Based on the growth stage distribution of each time control unit, generate a time-staggered harvesting sequence to ensure that the harvesting time interval is ≤3 days, thereby achieving continuous harvesting output.

2. The planning and management method for a smart tea garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental coupling degree is calculated by the comprehensive deviation of temperature difference, humidity difference and light difference, and satisfies: Coupling degree = (ΔT / T0 + ΔH / H0 + ΔI / I0) / 3 ≤ 15%, where ΔT is the temperature difference between adjacent time control units, T0 is the set reference temperature value, ΔH is the humidity difference between adjacent time control units, H0 is the reference humidity value, ΔI is the light difference between adjacent time control units, and I0 is the reference light intensity value.

3. The planning and management method for a smart tea garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photoperiod length T is set as a non-integer multiple of the natural day-night cycle to avoid the tea trees from developing a natural biological clock synchronization.

4. The planning and management method for a smart tea garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil temperature function θ(t) is set with a lag interval of 1 to 4 hours after the heating phase ends and before the cooling phase begins. During the lag interval, the soil temperature remains constant to induce the tea trees to enter a short-term growth stagnation state.

5. The planning and management method for a smart tea garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply cycle W adopts a random perturbation method, introducing ±10% fluctuation within a set range.

6. The planning and management method for a smart tea garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: The growth stages include the germination period, the growth period, the plateau period, and the stagnation period, with the duration of the stagnation period controlled between 12 and 48 hours.

7. The planning and management method for a smart tea garden according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stress memory regulation is performed at least twice to enhance the controllability and repeatability of growth rhythms.

8. A smart tea garden planning and management system, characterized in that: include: The time control unit building module is used to divide the control unit into multiple environmentally independent control units and configure an isolation structure; The environment execution module includes: The illumination control submodule outputs light intensity of 2000–12000 lx and light cycle of 18–30 h. The soil temperature control submodule enables piecewise temperature function control. The irrigation control submodule enables intermittent water supply for 6–72 hours. The rhythm control module is used to generate asynchronous growth rhythm parameter sets and issue them for execution. The data acquisition module is used to collect data on bud length, leaf morphology, and growth rate. The stage determination module has a built-in growth stage determination function F(x); The stage switching module is used to perform growth stage switching when the composite conditions are met; The stress regulation module is used to execute environmental mutations and form stress memories; The harvesting scheduling module is used to generate staggered harvesting sequences. The isolation structure includes at least one of a light-blocking curtain, a heat insulation layer, or an airflow blocking structure; The rhythm control module uses a nonlinear time series algorithm to generate control parameters for different units; The stress regulation module has a multi-mode switching function, which can be used to select sudden temperature changes, sudden light changes, or sudden moisture changes. The harvesting time sequence output by the harvesting scheduling module satisfies the constraint of continuous harvesting with a time interval of no more than 3 days.