A direct-current insulator grading ring self-adaptive adjusting method and system based on electric field perception, device and medium

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-voltage electrical technology for power lines, specifically to a method, system, device, and medium for adaptive adjustment of DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing. The method provided by this invention involves installing electric field sensing modules at key locations on the equalizing ring to acquire electric field state parameters of the insulator end region in real time or periodically. These electric field states are then compared with preset criteria to drive corresponding adjustments to the equalizing ring structure. Unlike existing equalizing rings that maintain a fixed shape after installation, this invention adaptively adjusts the equivalent shape of the equalizing ring according to the actual operating electric field distribution, effectively addressing electric field distribution shifts caused by prolonged operating time, changes in environmental conditions, or fluctuations in operating conditions, and preventing voltage mismatch during long-term operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage electrical technology for power lines, and more specifically, to an adaptive adjustment method, system, device, and medium for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing. Background Technology

[0002] Equalizing rings (also known as corona rings) are important external insulation components for insulator strings in ultra-high voltage direct current transmission lines. Their main function is to form a reasonable equipotential surface distribution at the ends of the insulators, reduce the local electric field intensity, and suppress corona discharge and insulation aging.

[0003] Existing DC insulator equalizing rings typically employ a rigid ring structure of fixed dimensions, secured to the insulator fittings via bolted connections using several support arms. The diameter, installation location, and insertion depth of these equalizing rings are determined during the design phase, and on-site adaptation to different insulator string structures is limited to replacing with different specifications or making limited manual adjustments.

[0004] In some improved solutions, existing technologies have adopted adjustable support rods or adjustable installation height structures to adapt to insulator strings of different lengths or forms. However, the purpose of these adjustments is mainly focused on installation compatibility and ease of construction, and the structure remains fixed after adjustment.

[0005] However, existing equalizing ring schemes are generally passive, open-loop structures that cannot respond to or adjust changes in the electric field distribution during operation. Even if there is an adjustable support structure, the adjustment is mostly completed during the manual installation stage, and once the adjustment is completed, it is fixed and cannot be optimized again during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive adjustment method, system, device, and medium for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] Firstly, an adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing includes: The electric field state parameters of the insulator end region are obtained, and the electric field state parameters are compared with the preset electric field judgment parameters to determine whether there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state. If there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution in the current voltage equalization ring state, a voltage equalization ring adjustment command is generated. According to the adjustment command, the radial dimension of the voltage equalization ring body and the axial insertion depth of the voltage equalization ring relative to the end of the insulator are adjusted. When feedback is received that the adjustment command has been completed, the secondary electric field state parameters are acquired again, and the decision on whether to continue executing the adjustment command is made based on the current secondary electric field state parameters.

[0009] Preferably, determining whether there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state includes: Calculate the mean and rate of change of the electric field state parameters within one acquisition cycle, and set a first threshold and a second threshold. When the mean is less than or equal to the first threshold and the rate of change is less than or equal to the second threshold, the output does not show the phenomenon of concentrated electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution. When the average value is greater than the first threshold, there is a concentration of electric field peaks in the output pre-equalizing ring state; When the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, there is an uneven electric field distribution in the output equalization ring state.

[0010] Preferably, adjusting the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator includes: When only the average value is greater than the first threshold, a control signal is output to adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring. When the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, a control signal is output to adjust the axial penetration depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator. When the average value is greater than the first threshold and the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, a control signal is output that simultaneously adjusts the radial dimension of the equalizing ring and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator.

[0011] Preferably, the control signal that simultaneously adjusts the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator includes: Obtain the current radial dimension and axial position of the equalizing ring body, and set the radial dimension change value and axial position change value for a single execution command. The first over-threshold rate is obtained based on the mean and the first threshold, and the second over-threshold rate is obtained based on the rate of change and the first threshold. By comparing the first over-threshold rate and the second over-threshold rate, an instruction is sent to first adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body or first adjust the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator. After the adjustment command is executed, a judgment value is obtained according to the type of the current command. The judgment value is the mean or the rate of change. Based on the judgment value and the first threshold or the second threshold, the first overthreshold rate or the second overthreshold rate is obtained again. It determines whether the first or second over-threshold rate obtained in the second step has decreased to a set threshold. If it has decreased to the set threshold, a control signal to perform another adjustment is sent. If it has not decreased to the set threshold, the current control signal is executed until the average value is less than or equal to the first threshold. When this happens, the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body is adjusted, and the rate of change is less than or equal to the second threshold. When this happens, the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator is adjusted.

[0012] Preferably, obtaining the first overthreshold rate based on the mean and the first threshold includes:

[0013] The method of obtaining the second overthreshold rate from the rate of change and the first threshold includes:

[0014] In the formula, The first overthreshold rate, The mean, First threshold, The second overthreshold rate, For the rate of change, This is the second threshold.

[0015] Preferred options also include: When the radial dimension of the equalizing ring or the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator reaches the minimum or maximum value, but the average value is still greater than the first threshold, or the rate of change is still greater than the second threshold, an alarm signal is sent.

[0016] Preferably, sending the alarm signal includes: The currently collected electric field state parameters, radial dimensions of the equalizing ring, and axial penetration depth are sent to the remote end. The radial dimension and axial insertion depth of the current equalizing ring are sent to the remote end and adjusted to half of the corresponding dimension and depth, respectively.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention also provides an adaptive adjustment system for a DC insulator voltage equalization ring based on electric field sensing, used to execute the above-described adaptive adjustment method for a DC insulator voltage equalization ring based on electric field sensing, comprising: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the electric field state parameters of the insulator end region, compare the electric field state parameters with the preset electric field judgment parameters, and determine whether there is a phenomenon of electric field peak concentration or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state. The adjustment module is configured to generate an equalizing ring adjustment command if there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution in the current equalizing ring state. According to the adjustment command, the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator are adjusted. When feedback that the adjustment command has been executed is received, the secondary electric field state parameters are acquired again, and the decision on whether to continue executing the adjustment command is made again based on the current secondary electric field state parameters.

[0018] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an adaptive adjustment device for a DC insulator equalizing ring based on electric field sensing, including an equalizing ring body disposed on an insulator string. The equalizing ring body is connected to one end of the insulator string through an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth relative to the end of the insulator. An electric field sensing module is disposed on the adjustment mechanism for collecting electric field state data. It also includes a processing unit, which is electrically connected to the electric field sensing module and the adjustment mechanism, and is used to execute the above-described adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing.

[0019] Fourthly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: The method provided by this invention involves installing an electric field sensing module at a key location on the equalizing ring to acquire the electric field state parameters of the insulator end region in real time or periodically. This electric field state is then compared with a preset criterion, thereby driving the equalizing ring structure to adjust accordingly. Unlike existing equalizing rings that maintain a fixed shape after installation, this invention can adaptively adjust the equivalent shape of the equalizing ring based on the actual operating electric field distribution. This effectively addresses the electric field distribution shift caused by prolonged operating time, changes in environmental conditions, or fluctuations in operating conditions, preventing equalizing mismatch during long-term operation.

[0021] By coordinating the radial equivalent diameter and axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring, the equipotential surface distribution at the insulator ends becomes smoother and more continuous. When a local electric field peak or electric field gradient concentration trend is detected at the end, the shape of the equalizing ring can be adjusted accordingly, thereby reducing the peak electric field strength at the end and mitigating changes in the electric field gradient. This coordinated adjustment method effectively suppresses risks such as corona discharge, local aging, and the formation of discharge channels, improving the safety margin and reliability of the insulator's external insulation system under long-term operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the insulator adjustment according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment structure of the present invention.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1-Equalizing ring body, 2-Support arm assembly, 3-Locking connection mechanism, 4-Electric field sensing module, 5-Adjustment mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. The naming or numbering of steps in this application does not imply that the steps in the method flow must be executed in the chronological / logical order indicated by the naming or numbering. The execution order of named or numbered process steps can be changed according to the desired technical objective, as long as the same or similar technical effect is achieved.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1-3 The present invention provides an adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing, comprising: S101: Obtain the electric field state parameters of the insulator end region, compare the electric field state parameters with the preset electric field judgment parameters, and determine whether there is a phenomenon of electric field peak concentration or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state. By using an electric field sensing module installed on the equalizing ring and / or support arm, the electric field intensity and / or electric field variation trend parameters of the insulator end region are obtained; After the equalizing ring is installed, the system enters the initialization state: Read the status of the electric field sensing module, the power supply status (e.g., semi-active / active), and the communication status.

[0028] Read the current structural status of the equalizing ring: current diameter D0, current axial position Z0. Perform baseline calibration: Under stable operating conditions, the electric field baseline E0 is collected, and a relative criterion is established.

[0029] S102: If there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution in the current voltage equalization ring state, a voltage equalization ring adjustment command is generated. According to the adjustment command, the radial dimension of the voltage equalization ring body and the axial insertion depth of the voltage equalization ring relative to the end of the insulator are adjusted. S103: When feedback is received that the adjustment command has been completed, the secondary electric field state parameters are acquired again, and the current secondary electric field state parameters are used to determine whether to continue executing the adjustment command.

[0030] The method provided by this invention involves installing an electric field sensing module at a key location on the equalizing ring to acquire the electric field state parameters of the insulator end region in real time or periodically. This electric field state is then compared with a preset criterion, thereby driving the equalizing ring structure to adjust accordingly. Unlike existing equalizing rings that maintain a fixed shape after installation, this invention can adaptively adjust the equivalent shape of the equalizing ring based on the actual operating electric field distribution. This effectively addresses the electric field distribution shift caused by prolonged operating time, changes in environmental conditions, or fluctuations in operating conditions, preventing equalizing mismatch during long-term operation.

[0031] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, determining whether there is a concentration of electric field peaks or an uneven distribution of electric field under the current voltage equalization ring state includes: Calculate the mean and rate of change of the electric field state parameters within one acquisition cycle, and set a first threshold and a second threshold. When the mean is less than or equal to the first threshold and the rate of change is less than or equal to the second threshold, the output does not show the phenomenon of concentrated electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution. When the average value is greater than the first threshold, there is a concentration of electric field peaks in the output pre-equalizing ring state; When the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, there is an uneven electric field distribution in the output equalization ring state.

[0032] The acquired electric field state parameters are compared with the preset electric field criteria to determine whether there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution under the current equalization ring state. Electric field data E(t) is obtained by sampling at a preset period Ts (or event trigger); the samples are preprocessed: noise reduction / low-pass filtering (to prevent transient noise from triggering falsely); the sliding window mean is calculated to calculate the rate of change or gradient (when measuring at multiple points).

[0033] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, adjusting the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator includes: When only the average value is greater than the first threshold, a control signal is output to adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring. When the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, a control signal is output to adjust the axial penetration depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator. When the average value is greater than the first threshold and the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, a control signal is output that simultaneously adjusts the radial dimension of the equalizing ring and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator.

[0034] Specifically, Mode A: Prioritize radial adjustment (diameter adjustment) - suitable for situations where the overall field strength is too high or the voltage equalization is insufficient. Example conditions: The mean is greater than the first threshold and multiple measurement points are simultaneously high, or the end peak is obvious.

[0035] Output: Usually, it increases the equivalent diameter to make the equipotential surface more "rounded".

[0036] Mode B: Prioritize axial adjustment (adjusting the insertion depth) - suitable for localized concentration at the end or excessively high field strength in the fittings. Example of a condition: The height of a certain end measuring point is greater than the second threshold, and the point is concentrated in the hardware / end neighborhood.

[0037] Output: Inward or outward wrapping, changing the end coating and field line distribution.

[0038] Mode C: Radial + Axial Coordinated Fine-Tuning - Suitable for situations with both peak values ​​and gradient anomalies, or where adjusting a single degree of freedom is ineffective. A small-step, gradual adjustment strategy is recommended. The actuator adjusts the radial dimension and axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring according to the adjustment command.

[0039] In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the control signal that simultaneously adjusts the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator includes: Obtain the current radial dimension and axial position of the equalizing ring body, and set the radial dimension change value and axial position change value for a single execution command. The first over-threshold rate is obtained based on the mean and the first threshold, and the second over-threshold rate is obtained based on the rate of change and the first threshold. By comparing the first over-threshold rate and the second over-threshold rate, an instruction is sent to first adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body or first adjust the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator. After the adjustment command is executed, a judgment value is obtained according to the type of the current command. The judgment value is the mean or the rate of change. Based on the judgment value and the first threshold or the second threshold, the first overthreshold rate or the second overthreshold rate is obtained again. It determines whether the first or second over-threshold rate obtained in the second step has decreased to a set threshold. If it has decreased to the set threshold, a control signal to perform another adjustment is sent. If it has not decreased to the set threshold, the current control signal is executed until the average value is less than or equal to the first threshold. When this happens, the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body is adjusted, and the rate of change is less than or equal to the second threshold. When this happens, the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator is adjusted.

[0040] Obtaining the first overthreshold rate based on the mean and the first threshold includes:

[0041] The rate of change and the first threshold are used to obtain the second overthreshold rate, which includes:

[0042] In the formula, The first overthreshold rate, The mean, First threshold, The second overthreshold rate, For the rate of change, This is the second threshold.

[0043] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention further includes: When the radial dimension of the equalizing ring or the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator reaches the minimum or maximum value, but the average value is still greater than the first threshold, or the rate of change is still greater than the second threshold, an alarm signal is sent.

[0044] Sending alarm signals includes: The currently collected electric field state parameters, radial dimensions of the equalizing ring, and axial penetration depth are sent to the remote end. The radial dimension and axial insertion depth of the current equalizing ring are sent to the remote end and adjusted to half of the corresponding dimension and depth, respectively.

[0045] After the adjustment is completed, the electric field state parameters are reacquired, and the decision on whether to continue the adjustment steps is made based on the updated electric field state, thus forming a closed-loop adaptive adjustment process for electric field equalization.

[0046] Adjustment frequency limit: After a single adjustment, wait for a settling time Tw before proceeding to the next sampling. If the judgment condition is met for N consecutive samples, the electric field voltage equalization is considered to have reached a stable state, and the system enters the hold mode. Stop adjusting and only maintain periodic monitoring; If the trend / threshold criteria are triggered in the future, the adjustment process will be re-entered.

[0047] If the effect of repeated adjustments does not improve the situation (e.g., the threshold is still exceeded after K adjustments), a fault / degradation strategy is initiated.

[0048] Exception handling / degradation strategy Anomalies include: sensor malfunction, actuator jamming, ineffective adjustment, insufficient power supply, etc. Possible solutions include: Lock the current structure and issue an alarm (if communication is involved); switch to a conservative default configuration (e.g., medium diameter + recommended immersion depth); extend the sampling period or stop active adjustment and monitor only.

[0049] Secondly, the present invention also provides an adaptive adjustment system for a DC insulator voltage equalization ring based on electric field sensing, used to execute the above-described adaptive adjustment method for a DC insulator voltage equalization ring based on electric field sensing, comprising: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the electric field state parameters of the insulator end region, compare the electric field state parameters with the preset electric field judgment parameters, and determine whether there is a phenomenon of electric field peak concentration or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state. The adjustment module is configured to generate an equalizing ring adjustment command if there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution in the current equalizing ring state. According to the adjustment command, the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator are adjusted. When feedback that the adjustment command has been executed is received, the secondary electric field state parameters are acquired again, and the decision on whether to continue executing the adjustment command is made again based on the current secondary electric field state parameters.

[0050] Thirdly, the present invention also provides an adaptive adjustment device for a DC insulator equalizing ring based on electric field sensing, comprising an equalizing ring body disposed on an insulator string, the equalizing ring body being connected to one end of the insulator string via an adjustment mechanism, the adjustment mechanism being used to adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth relative to the end of the insulator, an electric field sensing module being disposed on the adjustment mechanism for collecting electric field state data, the two ends of the adjustment mechanism being respectively connected to the equalizing ring body and one end of the insulator via support arm assemblies, and a locking connection mechanism being connected to the bottom of the insulator string, the locking connection mechanism being connected to the support arm assembly.

[0051] It also includes a processing unit, which is electrically connected to the electric field sensing module and the adjustment mechanism, and is used to execute the above-described adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing.

[0052] The overall structural design of the pressure ring includes a variable diameter equalizing ring body 1, a support arm assembly 2, a snap-fit ​​adaptive locking connection mechanism 3, an electric field sensing module 4, and an adjustment mechanism 5 that is functionally associated with the electric field sensing module.

[0053] Variable diameter equalizing ring body: The equalizing ring body adopts a segmented or sleeve-type structure, consisting of multiple ring units arranged circumferentially. Adjacent ring units are connected by a relatively sliding or telescopic connecting structure, allowing the ring body to be continuously or progressively adjusted in the radial direction, thereby changing the equivalent diameter of the equalizing ring.

[0054] Under different adjustment states, the outer contour of the ring maintains a continuous and smooth equivalent curvature, avoiding sharp corners or abrupt electric field changes caused by structural adjustments.

[0055] Support arm and snap-fit ​​adaptive locking structure: One end of the support arm is connected to the equalizing ring body, and the other end is connected to the insulator fittings via a snap-fit ​​adaptive locking mechanism. The snap-fit ​​structure can automatically adapt to different fitting sizes within a certain range, achieving self-locking during installation without requiring precise hole alignment or complex fastening operations. The support arm can also be configured with axial extension or fine-tuning capabilities to adjust the insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the insulator end.

[0056] Electric field induction and adaptive adjustment mechanism: Electric field induction modules are installed at key locations on the equalizing ring body and / or support arms to acquire electric field intensity or electric field change trend parameters in the insulator end region. The adjustment mechanism is functionally linked to the electric field induction modules. When the electric field state parameters are detected to meet preset adjustment criteria, at least one of the following adjustment actions is automatically driven: fine-tuning the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body; fine-tuning the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the insulator end. The adjustment process can be passive, semi-active, or active, and a small-amplitude, gradual adjustment method is preferred to avoid transient impacts on the operation of the transmission line.

[0057] By designing the equalizing ring as a variable-diameter structure and introducing a snap-fit ​​adaptive locking mechanism at the connection between the support arm and the insulator fittings, this invention can adapt to insulator strings of different lengths, fitting sizes, and structural forms without replacing the main structure. Compared to the traditional method of configuring fixed-size equalizing rings for different insulator models, this invention allows a single equalizing ring structure to cover multiple application scenarios, significantly reducing the number of equalizing ring specifications and models, lowering selection complexity and spare parts costs, while improving the versatility and flexibility of engineering applications.

[0058] This invention employs a snap-fit ​​adaptive connection structure between the support arm and the insulator fittings. During installation, precise hole alignment or complex tightening operations are unnecessary; the system automatically locks and secures the fittings according to their actual dimensions. This structure not only reduces the requirements for construction precision and operating conditions during on-site installation but also allows for rapid disassembly or repositioning when adjustments or maintenance are needed. This significantly improves the installation efficiency and subsequent maintenance convenience of the equalizing ring in complex terrain and harsh environments, reducing manual intervention costs and maintenance risks.

[0059] Particularly suitable for ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) scenarios: Under ±800kV and above UHVDC transmission conditions, the electric field distribution at the insulator ends exhibits significant time correlation and non-uniformity due to factors such as space charge effect, polarity effect, and pollution evolution. This invention introduces an adaptive adjustment mechanism based on electric field sensing, enabling dynamic optimization of the long-term evolution characteristics of the electric field under DC conditions. Compared to traditional static design equalizing rings, it has significant technical advantages in suppressing end-field electric field distortion and improving operational reliability, making it particularly suitable for high-voltage, long-operational-cycle, and unattended DC transmission lines.

[0060] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: The technological shift from fixed voltage equalization to adaptive voltage equalization: This invention breaks through the traditional design concept of fixed size, fixed position, and passive function of equalizing rings. For the first time, it incorporates the electric field state during insulator operation into the structural adjustment logic of the equalizing ring. By sensing and analyzing the electric field operation state at the insulator end and in the vicinity of the equalizing ring, the equalizing ring no longer relies solely on static parameter matching during the design phase. Instead, it can adjust its structural form according to the actual operating electric field distribution, thus constructing a closed-loop equalizing control mechanism based on electric field feedback.

[0061] This technology has transformed the pressure equalization method from "pre-designed pressure equalization" to "adaptive pressure equalization during operation," fundamentally changing the traditional technical approach where the pressure equalization ring can only play a passive role.

[0062] A pressure equalization mechanism that coordinates radial and axial dual degrees of freedom: To address the characteristic that the electric field distribution at the ends of DC insulators is simultaneously influenced by both the equivalent radius of curvature and the end-covering morphology, this invention proposes a voltage equalization strategy with coordinated radial and axial dual-degree-of-freedom adjustment. Structurally, it allows not only radial adjustment of the equivalent diameter of the voltage equalization ring but also axial adjustment of the ring's penetration depth relative to the insulator ends. Functionally, it allows for selection of single-degree-of-freedom or dual-degree-of-freedom coordinated adjustment based on different types of electric field anomaly characteristics.

[0063] This adjustment method is more in line with the control mechanism of DC external insulation electric field. Compared with the existing technology that can only adjust a single size parameter, it has higher control accuracy and adaptability in reducing the peak value of the end electric field and mitigating the concentration of the electric field gradient.

[0064] Strongly coupled design of structural adjustment and electric field sensing functions: In this invention, the electric field sensing module is not an independent monitoring unit, but is directly functionally linked to the structural adjustment mechanism of the equalizing ring. The electric field state parameters acquired by the electric field sensing module are used to trigger and control the adjustment of the equalizing ring's structural form. Its output directly affects the radial dimension and / or axial position changes of the equalizing ring, thereby achieving real-time response of the structural form to the electric field state.

[0065] This design avoids the simple functional splicing method of "monitoring and structural adjustment being separated" common in existing technologies, making electric field sensing an integral part of the equalizing ring structure adjustment, thus forming a true electric field-structure coupled control system.

[0066] Engineering innovation of snap-fit ​​adaptive connection structure: In response to the practical problems of complex on-site installation environment, large differences in hardware structure, and limited operation and maintenance conditions in ultra-high voltage and extra-high voltage transmission lines, this invention introduces a snap-fit ​​adaptive connection structure at the connection between the equalizing ring support arm and the insulator hardware.

[0067] This connection structure can automatically adapt to different hardware structures within a certain size range, achieving reliable locking without the need for precise hole alignment or multiple adjustments during installation, effectively compensating for on-site manufacturing and installation errors. Simultaneously, the snap-fit ​​structure provides excellent vibration and loosening resistance when locked, ensuring long-term operational reliability.

[0068] This engineering innovation significantly improves the installation adaptability and structural stability of the equalizing ring under complex working conditions, providing a reliable structural foundation for the practical application of adaptive equalizing structures.

[0069] Systematic solutions to the long-term operation problems of ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission lines: Starting from the long-term operation mechanism of external insulation in DC transmission, this invention proposes a systematic solution for adaptive structural control based on the objective law of the evolution of electric field distribution over time under ultra-high voltage DC operating conditions.

[0070] By comprehensively considering the effects of space charge effect, polarity, pollution accumulation and environmental changes on the electric field distribution, the equalizing ring can maintain a better electric field equalization state throughout the entire operating cycle, rather than being effective only under the initial design conditions.

[0071] This systematic technical approach breaks through the limitations of traditional equalization rings that rely on static design parameters, providing a more forward-looking and reliable equalization technology path for the long-term safe operation of ultra-high voltage direct current transmission lines.

[0072] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0073] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. This computer software product, stored in a storage medium, includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0074] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing, characterized in that, include: The electric field state parameters of the insulator end region are obtained, and the electric field state parameters are compared with the preset electric field judgment parameters to determine whether there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state. If there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution in the current voltage equalization ring state, a voltage equalization ring adjustment command is generated. According to the adjustment command, the radial dimension of the voltage equalization ring body and the axial insertion depth of the voltage equalization ring relative to the end of the insulator are adjusted. When feedback is received that the adjustment command has been completed, the secondary electric field state parameters are acquired again, and the decision on whether to continue executing the adjustment command is made based on the current secondary electric field state parameters.

2. The adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing ring based on electric field sensing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of whether there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state includes: Calculate the mean and rate of change of the electric field state parameters within one acquisition cycle, and set a first threshold and a second threshold. When the mean is less than or equal to the first threshold and the rate of change is less than or equal to the second threshold, the output does not show the phenomenon of concentrated electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution. When the average value is greater than the first threshold, there is a concentration of electric field peaks in the output pre-equalizing ring state; When the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, there is an uneven electric field distribution in the output equalization ring state.

3. The adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment of the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator includes: When only the average value is greater than the first threshold, a control signal is output to adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring. When the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, a control signal is output to adjust the axial penetration depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator. When the average value is greater than the first threshold and the rate of change is greater than the second threshold, a control signal is output that simultaneously adjusts the radial dimension of the equalizing ring and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator.

4. The adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing ring based on electric field sensing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control signal that simultaneously adjusts the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator includes: Obtain the current radial dimension and axial position of the equalizing ring body, and set the radial dimension change value and axial position change value for a single execution command. The first over-threshold rate is obtained based on the mean and the first threshold, and the second over-threshold rate is obtained based on the rate of change and the first threshold. By comparing the first over-threshold rate and the second over-threshold rate, an instruction is sent to first adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body or first adjust the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator. After the adjustment command is executed, a judgment value is obtained according to the type of the current command. The judgment value is the mean or the rate of change. Based on the judgment value and the first threshold or the second threshold, the first overthreshold rate or the second overthreshold rate is obtained again. It determines whether the first or second over-threshold rate obtained in the second step has decreased to a set threshold. If it has decreased to the set threshold, a control signal to perform another adjustment is sent. If it has not decreased to the set threshold, the current control signal is executed until the average value is less than or equal to the first threshold. When this happens, the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body is adjusted, and the rate of change is less than or equal to the second threshold. When this happens, the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator is adjusted.

5. The adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing ring based on electric field sensing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the first overthreshold rate based on the mean and the first threshold includes: The method of obtaining the second overthreshold rate from the rate of change and the first threshold includes: In the formula, The first overthreshold rate, The mean, First threshold, The second overthreshold rate, For the rate of change, This is the second threshold.

6. The adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator voltage equalization ring based on electric field sensing according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: When the radial dimension of the equalizing ring or the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator reaches the minimum or maximum value, but the average value is still greater than the first threshold, or the rate of change is still greater than the second threshold, an alarm signal is sent.

7. The adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator voltage equalization ring based on electric field sensing according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sending of the alarm signal includes: The currently collected electric field state parameters, radial dimensions of the equalizing ring, and axial penetration depth are sent to the remote end. The radial dimension and axial insertion depth of the current equalizing ring are sent to the remote end and adjusted to half of the corresponding dimension and depth, respectively.

8. An adaptive adjustment system for a DC insulator voltage equalizing ring based on electric field sensing, used to execute the adaptive adjustment method for a DC insulator voltage equalizing ring based on electric field sensing as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire the electric field state parameters of the insulator end region, compare the electric field state parameters with the preset electric field judgment parameters, and determine whether there is a phenomenon of electric field peak concentration or uneven electric field distribution under the current voltage equalization ring state. The adjustment module is configured to generate an equalizing ring adjustment command if there is a concentration of electric field peaks or uneven electric field distribution in the current equalizing ring state. According to the adjustment command, the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth of the equalizing ring relative to the end of the insulator are adjusted. When feedback that the adjustment command has been executed is received, the secondary electric field state parameters are acquired again, and the decision on whether to continue executing the adjustment command is made again based on the current secondary electric field state parameters.

9. An adaptive adjustment device for a DC insulator voltage equalization ring based on electric field sensing, characterized in that, It includes an equalizing ring body disposed on an insulator string. The equalizing ring body is connected to one end of the insulator string through an adjustment mechanism. The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the radial dimension of the equalizing ring body and the axial insertion depth relative to the end of the insulator. An electric field sensing module is disposed on the adjustment mechanism for collecting electric field state data. It also includes a processing unit, which is electrically connected to the electric field sensing module and the adjustment mechanism, for executing the adaptive adjustment method of DC insulator equalizing ring based on electric field sensing as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements an adaptive adjustment method for DC insulator equalizing rings based on electric field sensing as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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