A superconducting magnet system using a liquid helium pulsating heat pipe to achieve nitrogen fixation cooling

Abstract

This invention relates to the fields of cryogenic engineering and superconducting applications, and discloses a superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling. The system includes a vacuum chamber, a nitrogen-fixing chamber within the vacuum chamber, a high-temperature superconducting magnet within the nitrogen-fixing chamber, a refrigerator, a T-shaped cooling block connected to the refrigerator's cold head, and a liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe. The liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe is thermally connected to the T-shaped cooling block and to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber. The high-temperature superconducting magnet exchanges heat with the nitrogen-fixing chamber through nitrogen fixation within the chamber, and the heat is then transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber via the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe, and then further transferred to the high-temperature superconducting magnet via nitrogen fixation. By placing the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe on the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber, and transferring the refrigerator's cooling capacity sequentially through the T-shaped cooling block, the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe, the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber, and the nitrogen fixation to the high-temperature superconducting magnet, a cooling path combining the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe and nitrogen fixation is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cryogenic engineering and superconducting application technology, specifically to a superconducting magnet system that uses a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe to achieve nitrogen-fixed cooling. Background Technology

[0002] A superconducting magnet system is a device that can achieve high magnetic field output using superconducting materials in a low-temperature environment. It is widely used in fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, superconducting energy storage, particle accelerators, and high-field scientific research. To ensure the stable operation of a superconducting magnet, it is usually necessary to maintain the magnet in a corresponding low-temperature operating range. With the development of high-temperature superconducting materials, superconducting magnet systems using nitrogen fixation as a cooling medium have gradually attracted attention. This is because nitrogen fixation has good low-temperature cooling capabilities and can act as a cooling medium around the magnet, exchanging heat with the magnet and thus providing a low-temperature operating environment for the superconducting magnet. In existing nitrogen-cooled superconducting magnet systems, a refrigerator is usually used to directly transfer cold energy to the nitrogen-fixing cavity or magnet structure through metal cold-conducting components to achieve nitrogen fixation cooling and further cool the superconducting magnet.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, the cooling capacity output by the refrigerator is mainly transferred to the nitrogen-fixing cooling area through direct conduction. The cooling capacity transfer path is relatively long, and the heat transfer efficiency is limited. This is not conducive to quickly and effectively transferring the cooling capacity to the nitrogen-fixing cavity and acting on the superconducting magnet, thereby affecting the cooling efficiency and operational stability of the superconducting magnet system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a superconducting magnet system that uses a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe to achieve nitrogen fixation cooling, thus solving the problem that the cooling capacity is difficult to transfer quickly and effectively to the nitrogen fixation cavity and act on the superconducting magnet.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling, comprising a vacuum chamber, a nitrogen-fixed chamber disposed within the vacuum chamber, a high-temperature superconducting magnet disposed within the nitrogen-fixed chamber, a refrigerator, a T-shaped cooling block connected to the cold head of the refrigerator, and a liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe; The liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe is thermally connected to the T-shaped cooling block and to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity. The high-temperature superconducting magnet exchanges heat with the nitrogen-fixing cavity through nitrogen fixation, so that the cooling energy provided by the refrigerator is transferred to the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe through the T-shaped cooling block, and then transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity through the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe, and then transferred to the high-temperature superconducting magnet through the nitrogen fixation.

[0006] Preferably, the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe includes, from top to bottom, a first insulation section, a condensation section, a second insulation section, and an evaporation section.

[0007] Preferably, the back of the T-shaped cooling block is provided with a U-shaped groove adapted to the condensation section, and the condensation section is embedded in the U-shaped groove and connected to the T-shaped cooling block.

[0008] Preferably, the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber is provided with a plurality of U-shaped grooves adapted to the evaporation section, and the evaporation section is embedded in the U-shaped grooves and connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber.

[0009] Preferably, the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe is formed by bending a capillary tube into a serpentine loop, with its two ends connected by a T-joint. The other channel of the T-joint is used to evacuate the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe, fill it with liquid neon working fluid, and seal it.

[0010] Preferably, the inner diameter of the capillary is 1-3 mm, and the liquid neon working fluid has a filling rate of 50%-75%.

[0011] Preferably, the nitrogen fixation chamber is installed inside the vacuum chamber via a main support rod and a bottom support rod, and the main support rod and the bottom support rod are made of a low thermal conductivity material.

[0012] Preferably, the evaporation section and the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber are connected by low-temperature welding.

[0013] Preferably, the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipes are configured as one or more groups, with the multiple groups of liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipes distributed circumferentially along the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation cavity, or arranged in different regions of the nitrogen fixation cavity.

[0014] Preferably, the high-temperature superconducting magnet is disposed inside the nitrogen-fixing cavity, and the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe is not in direct contact with the high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0015] Working principle: The high-temperature superconducting magnet is cooled by combining a liquid neon cryogenic pulsed heat pipe with nitrogen fixation. The cooling energy provided by the refrigerator is first transferred to the T-shaped cooling block, and then transferred by the liquid neon cryogenic pulsed heat pipe, which is thermally connected to the T-shaped cooling block. The liquid neon cryogenic pulsed heat pipe is thermally connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber, so that the cooling energy is transferred from the liquid neon cryogenic pulsed heat pipe to the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber, and further to the nitrogen fixation inside the nitrogen fixation chamber. The high-temperature superconducting magnet is placed in the nitrogen fixation chamber. During the cooling process, the nitrogen fixation exchanges heat with the high-temperature superconducting magnet to achieve cooling of the high-temperature superconducting magnet. This forms a heat transfer path from the refrigerator, T-shaped cooling block, liquid neon cryogenic pulsed heat pipe, outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber, to nitrogen fixation and then to the high-temperature superconducting magnet. The heat transfer capacity of the liquid neon cryogenic pulsed heat pipe and the cooling effect of nitrogen fixation work together to achieve low-temperature cooling of the high-temperature superconducting magnet. The liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe consists of an adiabatic section, a condensation section, an adiabatic section, and an evaporation section from top to bottom. The cooling capacity provided by the refrigerator is applied to the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe via a T-shaped cooling block, allowing the liquid neon working fluid inside the heat pipe to transfer heat. The evaporation section is connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber, thereby transferring the cooling capacity to the nitrogen-fixing chamber. The nitrogen-fixing chamber is installed in the vacuum chamber via a main support rod and a bottom support rod to reduce the impact of external heat transfer on the cooling system. At the same time, the evaporation section and the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber are connected by welding to ensure heat transfer between the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe and the nitrogen-fixing chamber. In other words, this system constructs a synergistic cooling structure by placing the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe on the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber and combining it with nitrogen-fixing cooling. When the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 experiences instantaneous heating or an increase in heat load, the heat in the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 is transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 via nitrogen fixation and acts on the evaporation section 604 of the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6. This increases the evaporation rate of the liquid neon working fluid in the evaporation section 604, and the frequency and volume of bubble generation increase accordingly. This causes a change in the gas-liquid phase distribution inside the pipe and increases local pressure fluctuations. These pressure fluctuations drive the reciprocating motion of the gas-liquid plug in the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 to be enhanced, thereby increasing the amplitude and frequency of the oscillating flow of the working fluid between the evaporation section 604 and the condensation section 602. With the enhancement of the oscillating flow, the heat transfer capacity of the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 is correspondingly enhanced, thus enabling the increased heat to be transferred to the condensation section 602 in a timely manner and carried away by the refrigerator 5.

[0016] This invention provides a superconducting magnet system employing a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling. It offers the following advantages: 1. This invention constructs a cooling path that combines liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe and nitrogen fixation by placing a liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe on the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber and transferring the cooling capacity of the refrigerator sequentially through the T-shaped cooling block, the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe, the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber, and nitrogen fixation to the high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0017] 2. This invention uses a liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe for heat transfer, which is beneficial for effectively transferring the cold energy generated by the refrigerator to the nitrogen-fixing cavity, shortening the thermal resistance chain in the cold energy transfer path, thereby improving the system's cooling efficiency for high-temperature superconducting magnets.

[0018] 3. This invention uses nitrogen fixation to cool the high-temperature superconducting magnet, so that the high-temperature superconducting magnet does not come into direct contact with the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe, which is beneficial to maintaining the low-temperature operating environment of the magnet through heat exchange between nitrogen fixation and the high-temperature superconducting magnet.

[0019] 4. By setting a nitrogen-fixing chamber inside the vacuum chamber, and in conjunction with the main support rod, bottom support rod, and low-temperature welding connection structure, this invention helps to reduce the transfer of external heat and improve the connection stability of each component, thereby enhancing the reliability of system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the low-temperature pulsating heat pipe and the nitrogen-fixing cavity of the present invention.

[0021] Among them, 1. Vacuum cavity; 2. Nitrogen fixation cavity; 3. High-temperature superconducting magnet; 4. T-shaped cooling block; 5. Refrigeration unit; 6. Liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe; 601. First insulation section; 602. Condensation section; 603. Second insulation section; 604. Evaporation section; 7. Main support rod; 8. Bottom support rod; 9. T-joint. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Please see the appendix Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 This invention provides a superconducting magnet system that uses a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe to achieve nitrogen fixation cooling, including a vacuum chamber 1, a nitrogen fixation chamber 2 disposed in the vacuum chamber 1, a high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 disposed in the nitrogen fixation chamber 2, a refrigerator 5, a T-shaped cooling block 4 connected to the cold head of the refrigerator 5, and a liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6. The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is thermally connected to the T-shaped cooling block 4 and thermally connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. The high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 exchanges heat with the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 through nitrogen fixation, so that the cooling capacity provided by the refrigerator 5 is transferred to the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 through the T-shaped cooling block 4, and then transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 through the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6, and then transferred to the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 through nitrogen fixation.

[0024] Specifically, vacuum chamber 1, as the outer sealing structure, provides a vacuum insulation environment for nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, high-temperature superconducting magnet 3, T-shaped cooling block 4, and liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6. This reduces convective heat transfer and gas conduction from the external environment to the system, minimizing the impact of external heat on the cryogenic cooling system. Nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, located inside vacuum chamber 1, accommodates nitrogen fixation and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3, placing the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 within the cryogenic cooling environment created by nitrogen fixation. In practical applications, it can be a high-temperature superconducting coil assembly wound on a magnet frame. The refrigerator 5 serves as the cold source of the system. Its cold head is connected to the T-shaped cold conducting block 4. The T-shaped cold conducting block 4 is used to receive the cold output from the cold head of the refrigerator 5 and transfer the cold to the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6. The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is set between the T-shaped cold conducting block 4 and the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2. One end of it is thermally connected to the T-shaped cold conducting block 4, and the other end is thermally connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, thereby establishing a low-temperature heat transfer channel between the refrigerator 5 and the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2. In this embodiment, when the refrigerator 5 is working, the cooling energy generated by the cold head is first transferred to the T-shaped cooling block 4, and then transferred by the T-shaped cooling block 4 to the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6. The liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 further transfers the cooling energy to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. After the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 is cooled, it exchanges heat with the nitrogen-fixed inside the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, thereby lowering the temperature of the nitrogen-fixed. The nitrogen-fixed cools the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 installed in the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. Compared with the method of the refrigerator cold head directly cooling the magnet, the combination of the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 and the nitrogen-fixed coolant utilizes the low-temperature pulse of the liquid neon. The low-temperature heat transfer capability of the dynamic heat pipe 6 rapidly transfers the cold energy output from the refrigerator 5 to the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. On the other hand, nitrogen fixation is used to surround and cool the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3, which helps to improve the cooling uniformity and low-temperature operation stability of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3. At the same time, since the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is arranged on the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 is arranged inside the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, the cold energy can also be transferred to the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 after nitrogen fixation, thereby achieving a synergistic cooling effect that combines the rapid cooling of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 with the nitrogen-fixing cooling effect.

[0025] The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 includes, from top to bottom, a first adiabatic section 601, a condensation section 602, a second adiabatic section 603, and an evaporation section 604.

[0026] Specifically, the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 includes, from top to bottom, a first insulating section 601, a condensing section 602, a second insulating section 603, and an evaporating section 604. The condensing section 602 is located near the T-shaped cold conducting block 4 and is used to exchange heat with the T-shaped cold conducting block 4 to receive the cold energy from the refrigerator 5. The evaporating section 604 is located near the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 and is used to exchange heat with the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 to transfer the cold energy to the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. The first insulating section 601 and the second insulating section 603 are respectively located above the condensing section 602 and between the condensing section 602 and the evaporating section 604 to reduce heat exchange in non-working areas. Through the above segmented arrangement, the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 can form a relatively clear heat transfer area between the condensing section 602 and the evaporating section 604. The cooling energy from the refrigerator 5 is then transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 via the T-shaped cooling block 4 and then to the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 by nitrogen fixation, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency and cooling stability of the system.

[0027] The back of the T-shaped cooling block 4 is provided with a U-shaped groove that is compatible with the condensation section 602. The condensation section 602 is embedded in the U-shaped groove and connected to the T-shaped cooling block 4.

[0028] Specifically, by embedding the condensing section 602 into the U-shaped groove, the contact area between the condensing section 602 and the T-shaped heat-conducting block 4 can be increased, which facilitates the transfer of the cold energy from the cold head of the refrigerator 5 to the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 by the T-shaped heat-conducting block 4. This is beneficial to improving the thermal connection stability between the T-shaped heat-conducting block 4 and the condensing section 602, and also beneficial to reducing the contact thermal resistance between the two, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the refrigerator 5 to the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6.

[0029] The outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber 2 is provided with multiple U-shaped grooves that are adapted to the evaporation section 604. The evaporation section 604 is embedded in the U-shaped grooves and connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber 2.

[0030] Specifically, the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 is machined to form a slot structure for the installation of the evaporation section 604 of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6. Preferably, multiple slots are provided extending along the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 so that the evaporation section 604 can be fitted and arranged on the outer surface of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2. After installation, the evaporation section 604 forms a large contact interface with the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 and is fixed by welding. This allows the cooling energy transferred from the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 to first act on the wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, and then be transferred from the wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 to the nitrogen fixation inside. This avoids the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 acting directly on the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3. Instead, indirect cooling is achieved through the path from the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 to the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 via nitrogen fixation. That is, a large contact area can be formed between the evaporation section 604 and the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, which helps to reduce the contact thermal resistance between the two and improve the efficiency of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 in transferring cooling energy to the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2. At the same time, the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 is cooled by nitrogen fixation.

[0031] The liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 is formed by bending a capillary tube into a serpentine loop, and its two ends are connected by a three-way connector 9. The other channel of the three-way connector 9 is used to evacuate the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6, fill it with liquid neon working fluid, and seal it.

[0032] Specifically, the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 adopts a capillary bend to form a loop structure so as to achieve a longer heat transfer path in a limited installation space. Its upper part is arranged corresponding to the T-shaped cold conducting block 4, and its lower part is arranged corresponding to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. The two ends of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 are connected by a three-way connector 9. In addition to connecting with the two ends of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6, the three-way connector 9 also reserves a channel as a process interface for vacuuming and filling the liquid neon working fluid before the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is packaged. After filling, it is sealed to form a closed low-temperature pulsating heat pipe structure. The loop structure formed by the bend is conducive to the arrangement of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 according to the internal space of the system, and to the corresponding installation relationship with the T-shaped cold conducting block 4 and the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. Furthermore, the vacuuming, liquid filling and sealing process of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 can be completed through the three-way connector 9, which facilitates the filling of liquid neon working fluid and subsequent packaging, thereby enabling the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 to have low-temperature heat transfer conditions.

[0033] The inner diameter of the capillary is 1-3 mm, and the liquid neon working fluid filling rate is 50%-75%.

[0034] Specifically, the capillary inner diameter of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is 1 to 3 mm, preferably about 1.5 mm, so as to ensure that the liquid neon working fluid can form a stable oscillating flow while taking into account the feasibility of processing. At the same time, the liquid filling rate of the liquid neon working fluid is controlled within the range of 50% to 75%, so that a certain volume fraction of liquid working fluid is retained in the tube, while also retaining gas phase space, which is conducive to the liquid neon achieving gas-liquid phase change and reciprocating oscillating heat transfer under low temperature conditions. Furthermore, liquid neon is chosen as the working fluid for the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 because liquid neon is suitable for the temperature range of 35-40K, which matches the temperature range of nitrogen phase change. This facilitates the transfer of the cooling output from the refrigerator 5 to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 via the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6, so that the nitrogen-fixed material can cool the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 within the corresponding temperature range.

[0035] The nitrogen fixation chamber 2 is installed inside the vacuum chamber 1 via the main support rod 7 and the bottom support rod 8. The main support rod 7 and the bottom support rod 8 are made of low thermal conductivity materials.

[0036] Specifically, the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 is installed in the vacuum chamber 1 via the main support rod 7 and the bottom support rod 8. The main support rod 7 and the bottom support rod 8 are preferably made of low thermal conductivity materials. They are used to provide structural support and positioning for the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, while reducing the heat conduction path between the vacuum chamber 1 and the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2. This reduces the heat transfer from the external environment to the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, which can help maintain the low temperature environment inside the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 while ensuring the installation stability of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2.

[0037] The evaporation section 604 is connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber 2 by low-temperature welding.

[0038] Specifically, the evaporation section 604 of the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 by low-temperature welding. The low-temperature welding forms a stable fixed connection interface between the evaporation section 604 and the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, and ensures that the two have good thermal conductivity. This allows the cold energy transferred by the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 to be effectively transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, and at the same time, it helps to improve the structural reliability of the connection part in the low-temperature environment.

[0039] The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is configured as one or more groups, with multiple groups of liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 distributed circumferentially along the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, or arranged in different areas of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2.

[0040] Specifically, the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 can be configured as one or more groups. When configured as multiple groups, the multiple groups of liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 can be arranged circumferentially along the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 at intervals, or arranged in different areas of the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 according to actual structural needs, so that each liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 forms a distributed heat transfer relationship with the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2. That is, through the above arrangement, the cooling capacity from the refrigerator 5 can be distributed more evenly on the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, which is conducive to improving the overall cooling uniformity of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 and further improving the cooling effect of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3.

[0041] The high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 is placed inside the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, and the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 is not in direct contact with the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3.

[0042] Specifically, the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 is disposed inside the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, and the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 is arranged on the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2. This keeps the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 at a distance and without direct contact. In this structure, the cooling capacity transferred by the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 needs to be transferred to the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 through the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2, and then the nitrogen-fixing cavity exchanges heat with the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3. This achieves indirect cooling of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3, thereby avoiding the local temperature difference caused by direct contact between the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3, which is beneficial to improving the cooling uniformity of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3.

[0043] Example 1 When the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 needs to operate stably for a long time, a superconducting magnet system is used for cooling. When the system is working, the vacuum chamber 1 is first evacuated to form a low thermal conductivity environment. Then, the cooling machine 5 is started to cool down. The cold energy generated by the cold head of the cooling machine 5 is transferred to the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 through the T-shaped cold conducting block 4, and further transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 by the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6, so that the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 is gradually cooled down. As the temperature decreases, the nitrogen gas in the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 is converted into solid nitrogen and exchanges heat with the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 set in the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, so that the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 gradually decreases to the working temperature range. After the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 enters a stable operating state, the refrigerator 5 continuously provides cooling, and the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 continuously transfers cooling to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2, thereby cooling the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 by nitrogen fixation, thus maintaining its stable operation in a low-temperature environment.

[0044] Example 2 When the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 is in operation and there are fluctuations in heat load, after the refrigerator 5 is running, its cooling capacity is transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 through the T-shaped cooling block 4 and the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6, so that the nitrogen in the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 is kept at a low temperature. When the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 generates additional heat due to operation, the heat is transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 through nitrogen fixation, and then transferred to the T-shaped cooling block 4 by the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe 6 and finally carried away by the refrigerator 5. During this process, the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 acts as a heat transfer channel to transfer the heat from the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 to the refrigerator 5 in a timely manner, thereby controlling the temperature change inside the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 and enabling the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 to maintain within the set operating temperature range under the condition of heat load changes.

[0045] Example 3: The liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6 is filled with liquid neon working fluid. During system operation, when the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 rises due to heat generation or external thermal disturbance, the heat is transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 via nitrogen fixation, and then acts on the evaporation section 604 of the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6. This causes the liquid neon working fluid in the evaporation section 604 to evaporate and form bubbles, which push the working fluid in the pipe towards the condensation section 602. The condensation section 602 is connected to the T-shaped cooling block 4. The cooling capacity from the refrigerator 5 is transferred to the condensation section 602 via the T-shaped cooling block 4, causing the gaseous working fluid flowing to the condensation section 602 to condense and contract. This causes the liquid neon working fluid to form a reciprocating flow and continuous oscillating heat transfer process in the liquid neon cryogenic pulsating heat pipe 6, thereby transferring the heat at the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 to the T-shaped cooling block 4 and being carried away by the refrigerator 5. Through the above process, the nitrogen-fixing cavity 2 and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 can be cooled, and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 can be maintained within the operating temperature range. After the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 are cooled to the target temperature, the refrigerator 5 can be stopped. At this time, the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 is in a state without a cold source. In this state, the nitrogen in the nitrogen-fixing chamber 2 continues to exchange heat with the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 to maintain the low-temperature operating environment of the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3. Thus, the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 is cooled during the operation of the refrigerator 5, and the high-temperature superconducting magnet 3 continues to operate after the refrigerator 5 is stopped.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A superconducting magnet system employing a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling, characterized in that, It includes a vacuum chamber (1), a nitrogen-fixing chamber (2) disposed in the vacuum chamber (1), a high-temperature superconducting magnet (3) disposed in the nitrogen-fixing chamber (2), a refrigerator (5), a T-shaped cooling block (4) connected to the cold head of the refrigerator (5), and a liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6). The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6) is thermally connected to the T-shaped cooling block (4) and thermally connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity (2); The high-temperature superconducting magnet (3) exchanges heat with the nitrogen-fixing cavity (2) through the nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen-fixing cavity (2), so that the cooling capacity provided by the refrigerator (5) is transferred to the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6) through the T-shaped cooling block (4), and then transferred to the outer wall of the nitrogen-fixing cavity (2) through the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6), and then transferred to the high-temperature superconducting magnet (3) through the nitrogen fixation.

2. The superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6) includes, from top to bottom, a first adiabatic section (601), a condensation section (602), a second adiabatic section (603), and an evaporation section (604).

3. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The T-shaped cooling block (4) has a U-shaped groove on its back that is adapted to the condensation section (602). The condensation section (602) is embedded in the U-shaped groove and connected to the T-shaped cooling block (4).

4. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber (2) is provided with a plurality of U-shaped grooves that are adapted to the evaporation section (604). The evaporation section (604) is embedded in the U-shaped grooves and connected to the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber (2).

5. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 2, characterized in that, The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6) is formed by bending a capillary tube into a serpentine loop, and its two ends are connected by a three-way connector (9). The other channel of the three-way connector (9) is used to evacuate the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6), fill it with liquid neon working fluid, and seal it.

6. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the capillary is 1-3 mm, and the liquid neon working fluid has a filling rate of 50%-75%.

7. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen fixation chamber (2) is installed in the vacuum chamber (1) by a main support rod (7) and a bottom support rod (8), and the main support rod (7) and the bottom support rod (8) are made of low thermal conductivity materials.

8. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The evaporation section (604) and the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation chamber (2) are connected by low-temperature welding.

9. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6) is configured as one or more groups, and the multiple groups of liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6) are distributed circumferentially along the outer wall of the nitrogen fixation cavity (2), or are respectively arranged in different areas of the nitrogen fixation cavity (2).

10. A superconducting magnet system using a liquid neon pulsating heat pipe for nitrogen-fixed cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature superconducting magnet (3) is disposed inside the nitrogen-fixing cavity (2), and the liquid neon low-temperature pulsating heat pipe (6) is not in direct contact with the high-temperature superconducting magnet (3).

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