Intelligent relay stable power supply method and system based on wide voltage surge resistance

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of intelligent relays, and discloses a method and system for stabilizing the power supply of an intelligent relay based on wide-voltage surge protection. The method includes: continuously acquiring the power supply parameters of the relay and the electrical response parameters of the coil; inverting the coil magnetic energy based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and calculating the magnetic energy margin of the relay in real time based on the coil magnetic energy; identifying surge cycles based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and constructing power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles; identifying the power supply instability state of the relay based on the power supply disturbance characteristics and magnetic energy margin; and matching and executing corresponding power supply stabilization strategies based on the power supply instability state. This application can improve the reliability of engagement and retention, enabling the relay to maintain relative stability even when facing complex input power supply environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of intelligent relays, specifically to a stable power supply method and system for intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection. Background Technology

[0002] When operating under wide voltage input conditions, intelligent relays are susceptible to transient surges, cross-cycle fluctuations, and instability in the recovery phase from the power supply. These disturbances not only affect the stability of coil engagement but may also lead to insufficient coil magnetic energy causing engagement failure or jitter, insufficient holding current causing abnormal contact release, and cumulative surges resulting in decreased holding capacity. Voltage fluctuations in the surge recovery range can cause contact action delays or false engagement. In wide voltage input environments, the engagement and holding states of the relay coil are affected by power supply fluctuations, surge impacts, and short-term low voltage. The coil magnetic energy fluctuates dynamically with current changes, making it difficult to accurately describe using a single voltage index. Existing technologies generally employ fixed voltage thresholds or single-cycle judgment strategies, but these cannot simultaneously address dynamic magnetic energy changes and cross-cycle surge accumulation disturbances, thus failing to guarantee stable power supply to the relay. Actual power supply waveforms typically exhibit periodic characteristics, with differences in surge amplitude, duration, and recovery slope between different cycles. These cross-cycle variations have a cumulative impact on the stability of the relay power supply. Existing wide-voltage relay systems generally handle surges with instantaneous decisions, ignoring the cross-cycle cumulative effect of surges.

[0003] For example, Chinese Patent CN109842154B discloses a relay control method and device for a grid-connected inverter. This method controls the relay to close and starts timing after the inverter voltage of the grid-connected inverter reaches a stable state. During the time period before the timing reaches a time threshold, if the actual value of the inverter current is detected to be greater than or equal to a current threshold, the actual value of the inverter current is controlled to decrease to a preset current range. When the timing duration is greater than or equal to the time threshold, it is considered that the relay has completed its closing action. At this time, the grid-connected inverter is controlled to stop operating in the current working mode. For example, it can be controlled to stop operation directly, or the grid-connected inverter can be controlled to switch directly from the current working mode to the normal grid-connected working mode. This method directly controls the inverter current of the grid-connected inverter, therefore it is not affected by the grid voltage quality and can suppress inrush current during the relay closing process when the grid voltage quality is poor.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application CN103138380A discloses a multifunctional relay and its control method. The connection involves linking a power supply unit with a CPU control unit, a display control unit, an input unit, an output unit, and an analog quantity unit via a link unit. The CPU control unit, input units, output units, and analog quantity units communicate directly with each other via a parallel bus of the link unit. The CPU control unit and the display control unit communicate via a serial bus of the link unit according to a specific protocol. The CPU control unit and the communication unit communicate via a parallel bus within the CPU control unit. The power supply unit is connected to other units via link units to provide power to the device. This scheme achieves an independent modular design, is more reliable and stable, easier to maintain, has lower cost, and higher real-time performance. It also has an operation recording function and is a control device for real-time monitoring of power system parameters during power system operation.

[0005] All of the above technical solutions suffer from the problem mentioned in the background of this application: they cannot simultaneously cope with dynamic magnetic energy changes and cross-cycle surge accumulation disturbances.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of this application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a stable power supply method and system for intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection, improve the reliability of engagement and retention, and enable the relay to maintain relative stability when facing complex input power supply environments.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0009] On the one hand, this application provides a method for stable power supply of an intelligent relay based on wide voltage surge protection, including the following steps:

[0010] Continuously collect the power supply parameters of the relay and the electrical response parameters of the coil;

[0011] The coil magnetic energy is inverted based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and the magnetic energy margin of the relay is calculated in real time based on the coil magnetic energy.

[0012] Based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, surge cycles are identified, and power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles are constructed.

[0013] The power supply instability state of the relay is identified based on the power supply disturbance characteristics and magnetic energy margin.

[0014] Based on the power supply instability state, a corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is matched and executed.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, wherein: the power supply parameters of the relay include the power supply voltage and the pulse width modulation signal; the electrical response parameters of the coil include the coil current and the coil voltage;

[0016] The magnetic energy of the inversion coil specifically includes:

[0017] Based on the pulse width modulation signal, the electrical response parameters are sampled during the conduction interval of each modulation cycle to obtain two sampling points within each modulation cycle;

[0018] The equivalent inductance of the coil in the corresponding modulation period is calculated based on the coil current and coil voltage at the sampling points in each modulation period.

[0019] Based on the equivalent inductance and coil current of the coil in each modulation cycle, the magnetic energy of the coil in each modulation cycle is calculated.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, wherein: the real-time calculation of the relay's magnetic energy margin specifically includes:

[0021] Set a magnetic energy retention threshold, and calculate the magnetic energy margin for each modulation cycle based on the magnetic energy retention threshold and the coil magnetic energy for each modulation cycle; the magnetic energy margin for any modulation cycle is the difference between the corresponding coil magnetic energy and the magnetic energy retention threshold.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, the method for identifying surge cycles is as follows: An input voltage baseline is set based on actual needs as a reference value for whether the input voltage is stable; for any modulation cycle, the average value of the input voltage within the conduction interval is collected as the input voltage of the corresponding modulation cycle; the difference between the input voltage and the input voltage baseline for each modulation cycle is calculated as the voltage offset for each modulation cycle.

[0023] Set surge detection threshold, surge clearing threshold, and voltage recovery threshold based on actual needs; if at least continuous surges are detected... If the voltage offset of each modulation cycle is greater than the surge determination threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a surge start sub-cycle; if at least consecutive voltage offsets are detected after the surge start sub-cycle, the surge start sub-cycle is marked as a surge start sub-cycle. If the voltage offset of each modulation cycle is less than the surge clearing threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a surge end sub-cycle; if at least consecutive If the absolute value of the voltage offset in each modulation cycle is less than the voltage recovery threshold, then the corresponding time period is marked as a surge recovery sub-cycle; a surge cycle consists of a series of surge start sub-cycles, surge end sub-cycles, and surge recovery sub-cycles.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, wherein: the power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles include surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles; the method for constructing the surge intensity characteristics is as follows:

[0025] After any surge cycle ends, the surge intensity index of each modulation cycle within the surge cycle is calculated; the surge intensity index of any modulation cycle is the difference between the corresponding voltage offset and the surge judgment threshold; within the surge start sub-cycle and surge end sub-cycle, the surge intensity index is integrated over time to obtain the surge intensity characteristics of the corresponding surge cycle.

[0026] Updating surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles specifically involves: weighted summing of the surge intensity characteristics of the current surge cycle and the surge intensity characteristics of the previous surge cycle to obtain the surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles, where the weighting coefficient of the surge intensity characteristics of the current surge cycle is... The weighting coefficient for the surge intensity characteristics of the previous surge cycle is 1- .

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, the power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles further include voltage recovery characteristics across surge cycles; the method for constructing the voltage recovery characteristics is as follows:

[0028] After any surge cycle ends, the average slope of the input voltage during the surge end sub-cycle and surge recovery sub-cycle is calculated as the voltage recovery characteristic of the corresponding surge cycle.

[0029] The voltage recovery characteristics are updated across surge cycles, specifically by: weighting and summing the voltage recovery characteristics of the current surge cycle with those of the previous surge cycle to obtain the voltage recovery characteristics across surge cycles, where the weighting coefficient of the voltage recovery characteristics of the current surge cycle is... The weighting coefficient for the voltage recovery characteristics of the previous surge cycle is 1- .

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, the power supply instability state of the relay includes a magnetic energy sensitive state, a recovery sensitive state, and an accumulated sensitive state; the identification of the power supply instability state of the relay specifically includes:

[0031] If the current magnetic energy margin is less than the preset magnetic energy margin threshold, or if for at least [time period missing] consecutively [time period missing], [time period missing]. If the magnetic energy margin continues to decrease within a modulation cycle, the current state is magnetically sensitive; otherwise, the magnetic energy is within the safe range. It is a positive integer;

[0032] If the current magnetic energy is within a safe range and the voltage recovery characteristic is outside the preset reference range, then the current state is in a recovery sensitive state.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, the method for identifying the power supply instability state of the relay further includes:

[0034] If the current magnetic energy is within a safe range and the voltage recovery characteristic is within a preset reference range, then calculate the most recent... The standard deviation of the voltage recovery characteristics over each surge cycle is used as the current recovery impact indicator. It is a positive integer; if the surge intensity characteristic of the current surge cycle is greater than the preset surge intensity threshold, and the current recovery impact index is greater than the preset recovery impact threshold, then the current state is in power supply instability.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in this application, the power supply stabilization strategy includes a first power supply strategy, a second power supply strategy, and a third power supply strategy.

[0036] Based on the matching of power supply instability states, corresponding power supply stabilization strategies are implemented, specifically including:

[0037] If the current state is magnetically sensitive, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the first power supply strategy; the first power supply strategy specifically includes: adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal to a preset first reference ratio, and proportionally reducing the duty cycle based on the magnetic energy margin of each modulation cycle;

[0038] If the current state is in a recovery sensitive state, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the second power supply strategy; the second power supply strategy specifically includes: locking the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal to a preset second reference ratio;

[0039] If the current state is in an accumulated sensitive state, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the third power supply strategy; the third power supply strategy specifically includes: setting a third reference ratio based on the surge intensity characteristics across the current surge cycle as the lower limit for adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal.

[0040] Secondly, this application provides a smart relay-based stable power supply system with wide voltage surge protection, comprising a data acquisition module, a magnetic energy assessment module, a disturbance assessment module, a state identification module, and a stability control module; wherein:

[0041] The data acquisition module is used to continuously acquire the power supply parameters of the relay and the electrical response parameters of the coil;

[0042] The magnetic energy assessment module inverts the coil magnetic energy based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and calculates the relay's magnetic energy margin in real time based on the coil magnetic energy.

[0043] The disturbance assessment module identifies surge cycles based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and constructs power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles;

[0044] The state recognition module identifies the power supply instability state of the relay based on the power supply disturbance characteristics and magnetic energy margin.

[0045] The stability control module matches and executes the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy based on the power supply instability state.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by this application are as follows:

[0047] By quantifying the magnetic energy of the coil in real time, the physical working characteristics of the relay can be more closely approximated. This allows the power supply control to no longer rely on a single voltage or single-moment parameter, but to dynamically adjust according to the continuous changes in magnetic energy, thereby improving the ability to maintain the stability of the relay's engagement and holding state under power supply fluctuations and surge interference.

[0048] The cross-cycle surge description method enables the system to understand the strength and direction of power supply disturbances over a longer time scale, thereby adjusting the drive strategy and reducing the instability caused by the superposition of multiple fluctuations. By executing different current control methods under different states, the relay can maintain a relatively stable electromagnetic force output even in complex input power supply environments, reducing the probability of contact bounce, accidental pull-in, or premature release. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0050] Figure 1 A flowchart of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection provided in this application;

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the intelligent relay stable power supply system based on wide voltage surge protection provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solution of this application, rather than limitations thereof. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This embodiment introduces a method for stable power supply using an intelligent relay based on wide voltage surge protection, referring to... Figure 1 The method includes the following steps:

[0055] Continuously collect the power supply parameters of the relay and the electrical response parameters of the coil;

[0056] The power supply parameters of the relay include the power supply voltage and the pulse width modulation signal; the power supply parameters are used to characterize the power supply conditions and the application method.

[0057] The electrical response parameters of the coil include coil current and coil voltage; these parameters are used to reflect the actual operating state of the relay coil.

[0058] The coil magnetic energy is inverted based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and the magnetic energy margin of the relay is calculated in real time based on the coil magnetic energy.

[0059] The magnetic energy of the inversion coil specifically includes:

[0060] Based on the pulse width modulation signal, the electrical response parameters are sampled during the conduction interval of each modulation cycle to obtain two sampling points within each modulation cycle;

[0061] Each modulation period of the pulse width modulation signal includes a conduction interval and a turn-off interval. In the conduction interval, the driving switching device is in the conduction state, the input voltage is applied to the coil, the coil current rises and a magnetic field is established; in the turn-off interval, the driving switching device is in the turn-off state, the input voltage is no longer applied to the coil, the coil current decays through the freewheeling path, and the magnetic field is gradually released.

[0062] Optionally, a fixed first time delay and a fixed second time delay are set based on actual needs, with the first time delay being shorter than the second time delay. Within any modulation period, starting from the beginning of the conduction interval, the first sampling point is marked after the first time delay, and the second sampling point is marked after the second time delay. The coil current and coil voltage at each sampling point are recorded respectively. Sampling within the conduction interval avoids interference from the turn-off follow current path and switching spikes on voltage and current, making the current change approximately linear, which is convenient for subsequent calculations. Selecting sampling points with fixed relative positions within the conduction interval helps maintain a consistent magnetic energy calculation caliber under different duty cycles and avoids systematic deviations introduced by sampling phase changes.

[0063] The equivalent inductance of the coil in the corresponding modulation period is calculated based on the coil current and coil voltage at the sampling points within each modulation period; the formula is as follows:

[0064] ;

[0065] Where L represents the equivalent inductance of the coil in any modulation period; U represents the average value of the coil voltage at the first and second sampling points in the corresponding modulation period; I represents the average value of the coil current at the first and second sampling points in the corresponding modulation period; and R represents the equivalent resistance of the coil, which can be its calibrated value. This represents the difference in coil current between the second sampling point and the first sampling point. This represents the time difference between the second sampling point and the first sampling point.

[0066] Under the influence of wide voltage and pulse width modulation signals, the equivalent inductance of the coil varies considerably across different duty cycles, conduction slopes, and current rise ranges, especially during the initial pull-in phase and the recovery phase after strong disturbances. This application calculates the equivalent inductance in real time using the coil voltage and current for each modulation cycle, thereby reducing the estimation error of magnetic energy.

[0067] Based on the equivalent inductance and coil current of the coil in each modulation cycle, the magnetic energy of the coil in each modulation cycle is calculated. Optionally, the formula for calculating the magnetic energy of the coil is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Where W represents the coil magnetic energy in any modulation period, This represents the square of the coil current at the second sampling point. The engagement and hold boundaries of the relay are related to the electromagnetic energy reserve. When quantifying the risk of relay operation, magnetic energy is a natural energy scale, suitable for calculations such as integration and offset. Within the conduction range, the coil current shows a continuous upward trend, but it is easily affected by switching transients, drive delays, and sampling jitter in the initial conduction phase. The coil current at the second sampling point changes relatively smoothly, the coil magnetic field has been basically established, and the coil current can more accurately reflect the effective drive state of the coil.

[0070] The real-time calculation of the relay's magnetic energy margin specifically includes:

[0071] Set a magnetic energy retention threshold, and calculate the magnetic energy margin for each modulation cycle based on the magnetic energy retention threshold and the coil magnetic energy for each modulation cycle; the magnetic energy margin for any modulation cycle is the difference between the corresponding coil magnetic energy and the magnetic energy retention threshold.

[0072] The magnetic energy margin represents the redundancy of the coil's magnetic energy relative to the minimum magnetic energy requirement. Optionally, the magnetic energy holding threshold includes an attraction magnetic energy threshold and a holding magnetic energy threshold. During the armature attraction phase, the attraction magnetic energy threshold is used in the calculation of the magnetic energy margin; during the holding phase, the holding magnetic energy threshold is used in the calculation of the magnetic energy margin. The attraction magnetic energy threshold is the minimum magnetic energy requirement required for the relay coil to reliably overcome the reset spring force, friction force, and mechanical backlash during the attraction phase, enabling the armature to complete the attraction action. It can be determined by: calibrating the minimum attraction current under standard environmental conditions; and converting it to the attraction magnetic energy threshold using the coil's equivalent inductance. The holding magnetic energy threshold is the minimum magnetic energy requirement required to maintain the armature from releasing and the contacts remaining closed during the holding phase after the relay has completed attraction. It is determined by: gradually reducing the drive current while the relay is in the attracted state, calibrating the minimum holding current; and calculating the holding magnetic energy threshold based on this current and the coil's equivalent inductance.

[0073] Based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, surge cycles are identified, and power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles are constructed.

[0074] The method for identifying surge cycles is as follows: Set an input voltage baseline based on actual needs as a reference value for whether the input voltage is stable; for any modulation cycle, collect the average value of the input voltage within the conduction interval as the input voltage of the corresponding modulation cycle; calculate the difference between the input voltage of each modulation cycle and the input voltage baseline as the voltage offset of each modulation cycle.

[0075] Set surge detection threshold, surge clearing threshold, and voltage recovery threshold based on actual needs; if at least continuous surges are detected... If the voltage offset of each modulation cycle is greater than the surge determination threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a surge start sub-cycle; if at least consecutive voltage offsets are detected after the surge start sub-cycle, the surge start sub-cycle is marked as a surge start sub-cycle. If the voltage offset of each modulation cycle is less than the surge clearing threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a surge end sub-cycle; if at least consecutive If the absolute value of the voltage offset in each modulation cycle is less than the voltage recovery threshold, then the corresponding time period is marked as a surge recovery sub-cycle. A surge cycle consists of consecutive surge start sub-cycles, surge end sub-cycles, and surge recovery sub-cycles. Those skilled in the art can set the appropriate parameters based on actual needs. , , The specific value to be taken.

[0076] The power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles include surge intensity characteristics and voltage recovery characteristics across surge cycles;

[0077] The method for constructing the surge intensity characteristics is as follows:

[0078] After any surge cycle ends, the surge intensity index of each modulation cycle within the surge cycle is calculated; the surge intensity index of any modulation cycle is the difference between the corresponding voltage offset and the surge judgment threshold; within the surge start sub-cycle and surge end sub-cycle, the surge intensity index is integrated over time to obtain the surge intensity characteristics of the corresponding surge cycle.

[0079] Updating surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles specifically involves: weighted summing of the surge intensity characteristics of the current surge cycle and the surge intensity characteristics of the previous surge cycle to obtain the surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles, where the weighting coefficient of the surge intensity characteristics of the current surge cycle is... The weighting coefficient for the surge intensity characteristics of the previous surge cycle is 1- .

[0080] The surge intensity characteristics across cycles represent the combined intensity of recent surges in terms of amplitude and duration. Optionally, The value range is 0.7-0.9. The smaller the size, the stronger the memory of historical upheavals.

[0081] The method for constructing the voltage recovery feature is as follows:

[0082] After any surge cycle ends, the average slope of the input voltage during the surge end sub-cycle and surge recovery sub-cycle is calculated as the voltage recovery characteristic of the corresponding surge cycle.

[0083] The voltage recovery characteristics are updated across surge cycles, specifically by: weighting and summing the voltage recovery characteristics of the current surge cycle with those of the previous surge cycle to obtain the voltage recovery characteristics across surge cycles, where the weighting coefficient of the voltage recovery characteristics of the current surge cycle is... The weighting coefficient for the voltage recovery characteristics of the previous surge cycle is 1- .

[0084] Voltage recovery characteristics across surge cycles refer to the rate at which the input voltage returns to its baseline after a surge, used to distinguish between slow recovery and rapid rebound. Optionally, The value range is 0.7-0.9. The smaller the size, the stronger the memory of historical upheavals.

[0085] Optionally, if no surge occurs within several consecutive modulation cycles, each power supply disturbance characteristic will be multiplied by an attenuation coefficient every few modulation cycles to gradually reduce the impact of historical surges. For example, the attenuation coefficient for any power supply disturbance characteristic can be between 0.95 and 0.99.

[0086] The power supply instability state of the relay is identified based on the power supply disturbance characteristics and magnetic energy margin.

[0087] The power supply instability states of the relay include magnetic energy sensitive state, recovery sensitive state, and cumulative sensitive state; the identification of the power supply instability states of the relay specifically includes:

[0088] If the current magnetic energy margin is less than the preset magnetic energy margin threshold, or if for at least [time period missing] consecutively [time period missing], [time period missing]. If the magnetic energy margin continues to decrease within a modulation cycle, the current state is magnetically sensitive; otherwise, the magnetic energy is within the safe range. It is a positive integer;

[0089] If the current magnetic energy is within a safe range and the voltage recovery characteristic is outside the preset reference range, then the current state is in a recovery sensitive state.

[0090] Those skilled in the art can set the magnetic energy margin threshold based on actual needs. The specific values ​​of the upper and lower limits of the reference range for voltage recovery characteristics are also specified. A magnetically sensitive state indicates that the magnetic energy margin is close to the minimum demand boundary or continues to deteriorate, with a significantly insufficient safety margin. A recovery-sensitive state indicates that the surge input voltage recovery is unstable and prone to secondary fluctuations.

[0091] The method for identifying the power supply instability state of the relay also includes:

[0092] If the current magnetic energy is within a safe range and the voltage recovery characteristic is within a preset reference range, then calculate the most recent... The standard deviation of the voltage recovery characteristics over each surge cycle is used as the current recovery impact indicator. It is a positive integer; if the surge intensity characteristic of the current surge cycle is greater than the preset surge intensity threshold, and the current recovery impact index is greater than the preset recovery impact threshold, then the current state is in power supply instability.

[0093] Those skilled in the art can set specific values ​​for surge intensity threshold and recovery impact threshold based on actual needs. Excessively high surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles indicate the presence of multiple or intense surges in the near future; excessively high recovery impact indicators indicate that the recovery of multiple surge cycles is characterized by impact or unevenness; the current state may appear stable, but historical conditions are poor, requiring defensive control.

[0094] Based on the power supply instability state, a corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is matched and executed.

[0095] The power supply stabilization strategy includes a first power supply strategy, a second power supply strategy, and a third power supply strategy;

[0096] Based on the matching of power supply instability states, corresponding power supply stabilization strategies are implemented, specifically including:

[0097] If the current state is magnetically sensitive, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the first power supply strategy; the first power supply strategy specifically includes: adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal to a preset first reference ratio, and proportionally reducing the duty cycle based on the magnetic energy margin of each modulation cycle;

[0098] For example, the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal is first adjusted to the first reference ratio. The duty cycle is then corrected in real time each modulation cycle based on whether the magnetic energy margin has improved. An adjustment coefficient can be set based on actual needs. This adjustment coefficient is multiplied by the amount of improvement in the magnetic energy margin, thereby mapping the amount of improvement in the magnetic energy margin to the amount of correction of the duty cycle. This ensures that the higher the magnetic energy margin, the lower the corrected duty cycle, thus reducing energy consumption.

[0099] If the current state is in a recovery sensitive state, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the second power supply strategy; the second power supply strategy specifically includes: locking the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal to a preset second reference ratio.

[0100] Those skilled in the art can set specific values ​​for the first reference ratio and the second reference ratio based on actual needs; wherein, the first reference ratio is greater than the second reference ratio. The first power supply strategy corresponds to the magnetic energy sensitive state, which immediately increases the coil drive strength to bring the magnetic energy margin back to the safe range, thereby quickly preventing further decrease in magnetic energy and prioritizing ensuring engagement or preventing failure. The second power supply strategy corresponds to the recovery sensitive state, which maintains stable drive during the recovery process and avoids premature entry into the energy-saving state, thus preventing secondary instability.

[0101] If the current state is in an accumulated sensitive state, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the third power supply strategy; the third power supply strategy specifically includes: setting a third reference ratio based on the surge intensity characteristics across the current surge cycle as the lower limit for adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal.

[0102] For example, energy-saving pulse width modulation (PWM) adjustment can be performed along with the system, while always maintaining the duty cycle of the PWM signal greater than or equal to the third reference ratio. The energy-saving PWM adjustment works as follows: after the relay completes its activation and enters the holding phase, the duty cycle of the PWM signal is reduced cycle by cycle with a fixed step size or a fixed ratio until the coil's magnetic energy approaches the minimum level required for the holding state, i.e., the holding magnetic energy threshold. The third power supply strategy corresponds to the accumulated sensitive state, used to maintain defensive drive under surface stability conditions, improving the system's robustness to subsequent surges.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] This embodiment is the second embodiment of this application; it is based on the same inventive concept as Embodiment 1, and refers to... Figure 2 This embodiment introduces a smart relay stable power supply system based on wide voltage surge protection, including a data acquisition module, a magnetic energy assessment module, a disturbance assessment module, a state recognition module, and a stability control module; wherein:

[0105] The data acquisition module continuously collects the power supply parameters of the relay and the electrical response parameters of the coil. Within each modulation cycle, this module performs fixed-point sampling of the coil's conduction interval, estimates the coil's equivalent inductance, and uses this to inversely calculate the coil's magnetic energy, forming a time-updated sequence of coil magnetic energy. This transforms unstable voltage and current waveforms into a quantifiable, comparable, and cross-cycle-accumulated magnetic energy measurement, serving as the physical basis for subsequent stability assessments.

[0106] The magnetic energy assessment module inverts the coil magnetic energy based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and calculates the magnetic energy margin of the relay in real time based on the coil magnetic energy. According to the current working stage of the relay, the module selects the corresponding magnetic energy holding threshold and calculates the magnetic energy margin for each modulation cycle to characterize the current distance between the coil and the failure boundary, providing a criterion directly related to the reliability of the operation, so that the system no longer depends on whether the voltage is normal, but judges whether the magnetic energy is sufficient.

[0107] The disturbance assessment module identifies surge cycles based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and constructs power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles. The module extracts surge intensity characteristics and voltage recovery characteristics within each surge cycle. Through a cross-cycle weighted update and attenuation mechanism, a long-term power supply disturbance characterization is formed, upgrading instantaneous surge events into power supply disturbance images with accumulative, comparable, and predictable risk levels, supporting the identification of non-instantaneous instability.

[0108] The state recognition module identifies the power supply instability state of the relay based on the power supply disturbance characteristics and magnetic energy margin. The module integrates magnetic energy margin, magnetic energy change trend, cross-cycle surge intensity characteristics and recovery characteristic fluctuation to determine whether the current state is magnetic energy instability, recovery instability or cumulative instability, so as to realize a unified decision on whether intervention is needed and what level of intervention is needed, and avoid misjudgment caused by single threshold triggering.

[0109] The stability control module matches and executes corresponding power supply stabilization strategies based on the power supply instability state. This module matches the appropriate power supply stabilization strategy according to the instability state, locking, raising, lowering the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal, or adaptively correcting it based on magnetic energy margin, and forming a closed-loop update. This transforms the instability judgment result into a control behavior that directly affects the coil's magnetic energy, ensuring reliable relay engagement and retention while suppressing excessive energy consumption.

[0110] The specific functional implementation of each module is described in the relevant content of the intelligent relay stable power supply method based on wide voltage surge protection described in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0112] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of protection of this application, and these forms are all within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Continuously collect the power supply parameters of the relay and the electrical response parameters of the coil; The coil magnetic energy is inverted based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and the magnetic energy margin of the relay is calculated in real time based on the coil magnetic energy. Based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, surge cycles are identified, and power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles are constructed. The power supply instability state of the relay is identified based on the power supply disturbance characteristics and magnetic energy margin. Based on the power supply instability state, a corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is matched and executed.

2. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply parameters of the relay include the power supply voltage and the pulse width modulation signal; the electrical response parameters of the coil include the coil current and the coil voltage. The magnetic energy of the inversion coil specifically includes: Based on the pulse width modulation signal, the electrical response parameters are sampled during the conduction interval of each modulation cycle to obtain two sampling points within each modulation cycle; The equivalent inductance of the coil in the corresponding modulation period is calculated based on the coil current and coil voltage at the sampling points in each modulation period. Based on the equivalent inductance and coil current of the coil in each modulation cycle, the magnetic energy of the coil in each modulation cycle is calculated.

3. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The real-time calculation of the relay's magnetic energy margin specifically includes: Set a magnetic energy retention threshold, and calculate the magnetic energy margin for each modulation cycle based on the magnetic energy retention threshold and the coil magnetic energy for each modulation cycle; the magnetic energy margin for any modulation cycle is the difference between the corresponding coil magnetic energy and the magnetic energy retention threshold.

4. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The method for identifying surge cycles is as follows: Set an input voltage baseline based on actual needs as a reference value for whether the input voltage is stable; for any modulation cycle, collect the average value of the input voltage within the conduction interval as the input voltage of the corresponding modulation cycle; calculate the difference between the input voltage of each modulation cycle and the input voltage baseline as the voltage offset of each modulation cycle. Set surge detection threshold, surge clearing threshold, and voltage recovery threshold based on actual needs; if at least continuous surges are detected... If the voltage offset of each modulation cycle is greater than the surge determination threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a surge start sub-cycle; if at least consecutive voltage offsets are detected after the surge start sub-cycle, the surge start sub-cycle is marked as a surge start sub-cycle. If the voltage offset of each modulation cycle is less than the surge clearing threshold, the corresponding time period is marked as a surge end sub-cycle; if at least consecutive If the absolute value of the voltage offset in each modulation cycle is less than the voltage recovery threshold, then the corresponding time period is marked as a surge recovery sub-cycle; a surge cycle consists of a series of surge start sub-cycles, surge end sub-cycles, and surge recovery sub-cycles.

5. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles include surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles; the method for constructing the surge intensity characteristics is as follows: After any surge cycle ends, the surge intensity index of each modulation cycle within the surge cycle is calculated; the surge intensity index of any modulation cycle is the difference between the corresponding voltage offset and the surge judgment threshold; within the surge start sub-cycle and surge end sub-cycle, the surge intensity index is integrated over time to obtain the surge intensity characteristics of the corresponding surge cycle. Updating surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles specifically involves: weighted summing of the surge intensity characteristics of the current surge cycle and the surge intensity characteristics of the previous surge cycle to obtain the surge intensity characteristics across surge cycles, where the weighting coefficient of the surge intensity characteristics of the current surge cycle is... The weighting coefficient for the surge intensity characteristics of the previous surge cycle is 1- .

6. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles also include voltage recovery characteristics across surge cycles; the method for constructing the voltage recovery characteristics is as follows: After any surge cycle ends, the average slope of the input voltage during the surge end sub-cycle and surge recovery sub-cycle is calculated as the voltage recovery characteristic of the corresponding surge cycle. The voltage recovery characteristics are updated across surge cycles, specifically by: weighting and summing the voltage recovery characteristics of the current surge cycle with those of the previous surge cycle to obtain the voltage recovery characteristics across surge cycles, where the weighting coefficient of the voltage recovery characteristics of the current surge cycle is... The weighting coefficient for the voltage recovery characteristics of the previous surge cycle is 1- .

7. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The power supply instability states of the relay include magnetic energy sensitive state, recovery sensitive state, and cumulative sensitive state; the identification of the power supply instability states of the relay specifically includes: If the current magnetic energy margin is less than the preset magnetic energy margin threshold, or if for at least [time period missing] consecutively [time period missing], [time period missing]. If the magnetic energy margin continues to decrease within a modulation cycle, the current state is magnetically sensitive; otherwise, the magnetic energy is within the safe range. It is a positive integer; If the current magnetic energy is within a safe range and the voltage recovery characteristic is outside the preset reference range, then the current state is in a recovery sensitive state.

8. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The method for identifying the power supply instability state of the relay also includes: If the current magnetic energy is within a safe range and the voltage recovery characteristic is within a preset reference range, then calculate the most recent... The standard deviation of the voltage recovery characteristics over each surge cycle is used as the current recovery impact indicator. It is a positive integer; if the surge intensity characteristic of the current surge cycle is greater than the preset surge intensity threshold, and the current recovery impact index is greater than the preset recovery impact threshold, then the current state is in power supply instability.

9. The method for stable power supply of intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The power supply stabilization strategy includes a first power supply strategy, a second power supply strategy, and a third power supply strategy; Based on the matching of power supply instability states, corresponding power supply stabilization strategies are implemented, specifically including: If the current state is magnetically sensitive, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the first power supply strategy; the first power supply strategy specifically includes: adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal to a preset first reference ratio, and proportionally reducing the duty cycle based on the magnetic energy margin of each modulation cycle; If the current state is in a recovery sensitive state, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the second power supply strategy; the second power supply strategy specifically includes: locking the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal to a preset second reference ratio; If the current state is in an accumulated sensitive state, the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy is the third power supply strategy; the third power supply strategy specifically includes: setting a third reference ratio based on the surge intensity characteristics across the current surge cycle as the lower limit for adjusting the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal.

10. A stable power supply system for intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection, used to implement the stable power supply method for intelligent relays based on wide voltage surge protection as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: It includes a data acquisition module, a magnetic energy assessment module, a disturbance assessment module, a state identification module, and a stability control module; among which: The data acquisition module is used to continuously acquire the power supply parameters of the relay and the electrical response parameters of the coil; The magnetic energy assessment module inverts the coil magnetic energy based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and calculates the relay's magnetic energy margin in real time based on the coil magnetic energy. The disturbance assessment module identifies surge cycles based on the power supply parameters and electrical response parameters, and constructs power supply disturbance characteristics across surge cycles; The state recognition module identifies the power supply instability state of the relay based on the power supply disturbance characteristics and magnetic energy margin. The stability control module matches and executes the corresponding power supply stabilization strategy based on the power supply instability state.

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