A frame type seedling raising method for polygonatum sibiricum

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology and discloses a frame-based seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome. The method uses composite sawdust and decomposed rice husks as the main materials. A mixed fertilizer-medicine mother liquor is prepared by adding fungicides, growth regulators, and organic fertilizers to the main materials and allowing it to ferment. After fermentation, the mixture is sterilized by steam, cooled, and then perlite and microbial agents are added for short-term maturation to obtain the finished substrate. A seedling frame with breathable and permeable mesh is selected, lined with a perforated film, and filled with the finished substrate. The sterilized and graded Polygonatum rhizome buds are arranged in layers with the buds facing upwards. After covering with the substrate, the film is gathered to cover the frame surface to create a moisturizing environment. The sealed seedling frames are stacked in multiple layers in a seedling room, and temperature, light, and air humidity are controlled for cultivation. This invention uses agricultural and forestry waste to replace expensive substrates, and a sterile, nutrient-rich finished substrate is obtained through fermentation of the fertilizer-medicine mother liquor and steam sterilization. It results in a high seedling survival rate, significantly increased seedling quantity, and full controllability, making it suitable for factory-scale standardization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant cultivation technology, and more specifically, to a frame-type seedling raising method for Polygonatum rhizome. Background Technology

[0002] Polygonatum is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Polygonatum in the family Liliaceae. Its dried tuber is a traditional Chinese medicine with the effects of replenishing qi and nourishing yin, strengthening the spleen and moistening the lungs, and benefiting the kidneys and replenishing essence. Market demand has been increasing year by year. With the increasing depletion of wild resources, large-scale artificial cultivation has become an inevitable choice for the development of the Polygonatum industry, and seedling propagation is the key link and primary bottleneck of artificial cultivation technology.

[0003] Traditional methods of cultivating Polygonatum sibiricum seedlings rely heavily on natural soil, making them susceptible to pests, diseases, continuous cropping obstacles, and soil environmental variations. This results in uneven seedling quality, long growth cycles, and unstable active ingredients. While existing substrate-based seedling cultivation techniques have alleviated soil-borne disease problems to some extent, they still have the following shortcomings: substrates often rely on non-renewable resources such as peat moss and coconut coir, which are costly and ecologically damaging. Some techniques use sawdust as a substrate, but it is not fully fermented and rendered harmless, leading to unstable physicochemical properties and the presence of pathogens and insect eggs. Furthermore, traditional seedling cultivation methods are inefficient in utilizing land, and the number of seedlings cultivated per unit area urgently needs to be increased. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a frame-based seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum sibiricum tubers to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides a frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome, which uses sawdust and rice husks to replace expensive substrates. The substrate is prepared by fermentation of medicinal fertilizer mother liquor, steam sterilization at 80℃, and compounding and maturing of microbial fertilizer. The seedling rate is about 90%, the average total number of roots is more than 60, the seedling yield per unit area is greatly increased, the whole process is controllable, and it is suitable for standardized factory production.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A frame-based seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome includes: Prepare substrate materials, which include composite wood chips, decomposed rice husks, perlite and microbial agents, and the composite wood chips include mulberry wood chips, pine wood chips and fir wood chips; Fungicides, growth regulators and organic fertilizers are dissolved in water to prepare a mixed fertilizer mother liquor. The mother liquor is then evenly mixed into a substrate material composed of composite wood chips and decomposed rice husks and piled for fermentation. After fermentation, the substrate is sterilized by steam, cooled, and then perlite and microbial agents are added. After mixing evenly and maturing for a short period of time, the finished substrate is obtained. Select a seedling frame with breathable and water-permeable mesh. After disinfection, lay a plastic film on the bottom and four walls of the frame. According to the distribution of the mesh of the frame, puncture the film at the corresponding places to form air holes. Put the finished substrate into the seedling frame with the film as the bottom layer, lay it flat and compact it slightly. Select Polygonatum rhizomes with plump buds, disinfect them, and grade them by size. Place the Polygonatum rhizomes of the same grade in layers with the buds facing upwards on the prepared substrate in the seedling frame, leaving space between the Polygonatum rhizomes. Cover the placed rhizomes with the prepared substrate until completely covered. According to the size of the Polygonatum rhizomes, place two layers of larger ones and three layers of smaller ones in each seedling frame. After all the layers are laid, use the plastic film to lift up and cover the surface of the frame to create a moist environment. The packaged seedling frames are stacked in multiple layers in the seedling room. The temperature, light, and humidity in the seedling room are controlled to cultivate the seedlings until they meet the transplanting standards.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the matrix raw materials are, by mass percentage: 60-70% composite wood chips, 20-30% decomposed rice husks, 10-15% perlite, and microbial inoculants are added.

[0007] Composite wood chips provide a loose framework and source of organic matter as the main material, decomposed rice husks regulate the overall carbon-nitrogen ratio and improve the permeability of the substrate, perlite constructs stable aeration pores and drainage channels, and microbial agents rebuild the rhizosphere micro-ecology after sterilization. The combination of these four components in this ratio can achieve a balance between slow nutrient release and biological activity while ensuring the stability of the substrate's physical structure.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the matrix raw material ratio is 40-50% mulberry wood chips, 10% pine wood chips, 10% fir wood chips, 20-30% decomposed rice husks, 10-15% perlite, and microbial inoculants are added.

[0009] Mulberry wood chips have a moderate fiber structure and a fast decomposition rate, which can quickly provide organic matter; pine and fir wood chips are rich in terpenoids, salicylic acid and lignin, which have natural antibacterial and root-promoting activities and can create a slightly acidic environment to inhibit fungal growth; the ratio of the three not only matches the distribution characteristics of mulberry and pine and fir forest resources in Zhejiang Province, realizing the local utilization of waste, but also reduces the risk of tuber rot through the synergy of antibacterial wood chips and decomposed rice husks.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mixed fertilizer mother liquor contains 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb aqueous solution, rooting powder, jinggangmycin wettable powder, and well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0011] Thiophanate-methyl is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide that can penetrate into the wood chips during fermentation to prevent fungal diseases; metalaxyl-mancozeb is highly effective against oomycetes and soil-borne Pythium and Phytophthora; naphthaleneacetic acid and indolebutyric acid in the rooting powder synergistically stimulate the germination of adventitious root primordia and root elongation; jinggangmycin inhibits diseases caused by actinomycetes; and well-rotted organic fertilizer provides a slow-release carbon source and mineral nutrients, regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the early stages of fermentation. These multiple components are integrated into the mother liquor, allowing for simultaneous substrate preservation, root-promoting pretreatment, and nutrient chelation during the fermentation process.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the moisture content of the pile fermentation is 55-65%, the fermentation cycle is 30-45 days, during which the pile is turned 3-4 times, and the fermentation temperature is maintained at 50-60℃.

[0013] A moisture content of 55-65% is within the optimal activity range for aerobic microbial metabolism, ensuring sufficient water for microbial proliferation while preventing the production of harmful substances in an anaerobic environment. A high temperature of 50-60℃ effectively kills pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds, achieving harmless substrate. A fermentation cycle of 30-45 days ensures that cellulose and hemicellulose in the sawdust are fully degraded and matured, preventing unfermented organic matter from continuing to generate heat and burn the seed stems during the post-fermentation stage. Turning the pile 3-4 times ensures uniform oxygen supply and timely heat dissipation, preventing localized anaerobic or overheated carbonization.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steam sterilization temperature is 80°C and the sterilization time is 30 minutes; the short-term curing adopts stacking curing, which needs to be covered with a film and the time is 3-5 days.

[0015] Saturated steam at 80℃ can penetrate the gaps between substrate particles within 30 minutes, completely killing any stubborn pathogens, spores, and insect eggs that may still remain after fermentation, thus achieving biosafety of the substrate. Adding microbial agents after cooling can prevent the high temperature from killing beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma. Covering with a film for short-term maturation for 3-5 days allows residual pesticide components to fully penetrate and stabilize, while also providing a buffer period for the microbial agents to establish and reproduce, enabling them to form a dominant microbial community in the substrate, and promoting further integration of organic fertilizer and decomposed wood chips.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seedling frame is disinfected using any of the following methods: Method 1: Expose to sunlight for 1-3 days, then scald with hot water above 80℃ or steam for 10-15 minutes; Method 2: Use 0.5-1% sodium hypochlorite solution or 75% alcohol to evenly spray the inner and outer surfaces of the container, let it stand for 30 minutes, then rinse it thoroughly with clean water and let it dry for later use.

[0017] Method one utilizes the combined effects of sunlight's ultraviolet rays and heat for physical disinfection, effectively killing most microorganisms on the container surface and in the mesh gaps, leaving no chemical residue. Method two rapidly kills pathogenic microorganisms through the oxidation of sodium hypochlorite or the protein denaturation of alcohol; rinsing with water removes residual chloride ions or ethanol, preventing phytotoxicity to the Polygonatum rhizome. Using either method can prevent the initial infection of pathogens carried in the container.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Polygonatum tuber is a one-year-old tuber free from pests and diseases and mechanical damage, with each tuber having 1-2 plump buds; The disinfection method for Polygonatum rhizome is as follows: 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder and 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb aqueous solution are added to purified water to prepare a disinfectant solution. The rhizomes are then immersed in the solution for 20 minutes and then taken out and dried.

[0019] One-year-old tubers have vigorous metabolism and strong bud vitality. Having 1-2 plump buds can ensure germination redundancy and improve seedling reliability. The combination of thiophanate-methyl and metalaxyl-mancozeb can cover the two major pathogens, fungi and oomycetes. Soaking for 20 minutes allows the solution to fully contact the surface of the tuber and potential wounds, killing the attached pathogens. After soaking, the tubers are taken out and dried to solidify the surface film and evaporate excess water, avoiding planting with water on the tubers, which can lead to localized over-wetting of the substrate and cause anaerobic rot.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the environmental parameters of the seedling room are: daytime temperature 20-28℃, nighttime temperature 15-20℃, relative humidity of air 65-80%, light is mainly diffused light to avoid direct strong light, light intensity is controlled at 8000-12000 lux, and the substrate moisture is maintained at 60-70%. Under normal circumstances, no additional watering is required during the entire seedling period.

[0021] Polygonatum is a shade-loving plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. The diurnal temperature range of 20-28℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night is conducive to the transport of photosynthetic products to the tubers and the accumulation of sugars in the roots. The air humidity of 65-80% is balanced with the humidity gradient of the substrate inside the frame by the sealing effect of the plastic film on the frame, so that the moisture content of the substrate is naturally maintained in the suitable range of 60-70%, avoiding watering disturbance and water accumulation between layers without direct watering. The 8000-12000 lux of diffused light meets the light compensation point requirement of Polygonatum, avoiding direct strong light that may cause bud burn or excessive water loss on the substrate surface.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the entire growth stage of the Polygonatum tuber seedling does not require additional nutrient supplementation. The balanced water-soluble fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and humic acid water-soluble organic fertilizer required for tuber rooting and seedling growth are added and mixed evenly in the finished substrate before placing and planting the tubers. The N-P2O5-K2O ratio of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20.

[0023] In the early stages of planting, the tubers rely on their own nutrition. Balanced water-soluble fertilizers provide balanced nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, promoting the synchronous development of the primary root structure and fibrous root network. After the tubers sprout, they enter the vegetative growth period. Potassium fertilizer can promote the transport of photosynthetic products to storage organs and accelerate root lignification. Humic acid water-soluble organic fertilizers improve the rhizosphere microenvironment during the seedling growth period by utilizing their complexing and buffering properties, enhancing the substrate's ability to retain and supply nutrients, and providing metabolic substrates for microbial agents, thus forming a synergistic effect of nutrient supply and biological regulation.

[0024] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are: This invention uses composite wood chips and decomposed rice husks as the main materials for the finished product substrate, replacing the expensive peat moss, peat soil, or coconut coir used in traditional seedling cultivation. Among these, mulberry wood chips, pine wood chips, fir wood chips, and rice husks are readily available and produced in large quantities in the forestry and grain processing industries of southern regions, greatly reducing raw material costs and realizing the high-value utilization of waste materials, thus achieving both ecological and economic benefits.

[0025] This invention formulates a mixed fertilizer masterbatch solution containing fungicides, growth regulators, and organic fertilizers. This masterbatch solution is then mixed with composite wood chips and subjected to high-temperature aerobic composting fermentation, allowing the wood chips to fully decompose and degrade, resulting in a more balanced carbon-nitrogen ratio. Following this, the solution is sterilized with 80°C saturated steam. This process effectively kills soil-borne pathogens, nematodes, insect eggs, and weed seeds, significantly reducing damping-off, seedling blight, and root rot. Furthermore, the physical sterilization method leaves no pesticide residue, making it safe and environmentally friendly. Finally, it is more environmentally friendly than chemical disinfection methods, as it does not damage the substrate fertility.

[0026] After cooling, the mixture is compounded with perlite and microbial agents such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, as well as balanced water-soluble fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, and humic acid water-soluble organic fertilizers, and undergoes short-term maturation for 3-5 days. This process overcomes the technical obstacles of direct use of sawdust, such as easy fermentation and heat generation, unstable physicochemical properties, and contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. It produces a high-quality finished substrate that is loose, breathable, water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining, sterile, and rich in beneficial microorganisms and nutrients, thus preventing soil-borne diseases from the source and reducing the use of chemical pesticides by more than 50%.

[0027] The rooting powder and microbial agents added to the finished substrate work synergistically, and the loose and breathable physical structure of the substrate significantly promote the germination of adventitious roots and root elongation of Polygonatum rhizomes. Seedlings cultivated using the method of this invention have an average total number of roots of more than 60, which is about 20% higher than that of traditional soil and general substrate seedling cultivation; the tuber seedling survival rate is about 90%, which is about 10% higher than that of traditional soil and general substrate seedling cultivation; the seedlings are robust and the uniformity is significantly improved, laying the foundation for the uniformity of population growth after transplanting to the field.

[0028] This invention uses standardized plastic seedling frames with breathable and water-permeable mesh as cultivation units. The inner wall of the frame is lined with a perforated film, and after being filled with pre-prepared substrate, the tubers are layered and planted. Each frame is then sealed and stacked in multiple layers inside the seedling room. This method increases the number of seedlings per unit area many times over compared to traditional single-layer ground seedling cultivation, significantly increasing the number of *Polygonatum sibiricum* seedlings cultivated in a single batch. The entire indoor environment is controllable, and the operation standards are uniform, making it suitable for large-scale, factory-style seedling production.

[0029] The frame-type seedling raising method of the present invention is labor-saving and has strong environmental adaptability. The resulting Polygonatum seedlings are of good quality and recover quickly. The seedlings are suitable for large-scale mechanized and unified planting. After transplanting the seedlings to the forest floor, they have strong resistance, uniform growth, and stable yield, which facilitates unified cultivation management and harvesting.

[0030] From substrate raw material ratio, fermentation of fertilizer and pesticide mother liquor, steam sterilization, short-term maturation, addition of balanced water-soluble fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and humic acid water-soluble organic fertilizer, container sterilization, tuber grading, multi-layer frame planting, three-dimensional stacking, to unified environmental management, this invention forms a complete standardized process. Each step has clearly defined parameters and standardized operations, effectively overcoming the drawbacks of traditional seedling cultivation that relies on experience and weather conditions, achieving full control and uniform quality in the production of Polygonatum tuber seedlings. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is the overall flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a frame-type seedling cultivation system.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the root system of Polygonatum sibiricum.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the growth of Polygonatum sibiricum seedlings. Detailed Implementation

[0035] In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0036] Combination Figures 1-4 The present invention provides the following embodiments: A frame-based seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of the finished matrix Prepare the substrate materials according to the following mass percentages: 60-70% composite wood chips with a particle size of 2-5 mm, 20-30% decomposed rice husks, and 10-15% perlite, plus an appropriate amount of microbial inoculant. The composite wood chips consist of mulberry wood chips, pine wood chips, and fir wood chips.

[0037] The finished substrate is formulated as follows: the raw materials are 40-50% mulberry wood chips, 10% pine wood chips, 10% fir wood chips, 20-30% decomposed rice husks, 10-15% perlite, and microbial agents are added.

[0038] A mixed fertilizer stock solution is prepared by dissolving fungicides, growth regulators, and organic fertilizers in water. The mixed fertilizer stock solution contains 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb aqueous solution, rooting powder (mainly composed of naphthaleneacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, etc.), jinggangmycin wettable powder, and well-rotted organic fertilizer.

[0039] Specifically, add 10-20g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 40-80g of 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb aqueous solution, 40g of rooting powder, 30g of jinggangmycin wettable powder, and 100g of well-rotted organic fertilizer to about 150kg of clean water, and stir thoroughly until all components are completely dissolved and evenly dispersed.

[0040] Spread the prepared composite sawdust and decomposed rice husks on a clean mixing area or large container. Evenly pour or spray the prepared mixed fertilizer and pesticide solution onto the mixture, stirring constantly to ensure thorough and uniform mixing of the solution and solid raw materials. Adjust the moisture content to 55-65%. Pile the mixed material for fermentation for 30-45 days, turning the pile 3-4 times during this period, maintaining the core fermentation temperature at 50-60℃.

[0041] After fermentation, the substrate mixture is sterilized with 80℃ steam for 30 minutes to thoroughly kill pathogens, insect eggs, and weed seeds. After sterilization, the substrate is spread out to cool to room temperature. Perlite and microbial agents (such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma) are added to the cooled substrate, along with appropriate amounts of balanced water-soluble fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and humic acid water-soluble organic fertilizer. After mixing evenly, the finished substrate is obtained.

[0042] No additional nutrients are needed during the entire growth stage of Polygonatum tuber seedlings. The balanced water-soluble fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and humic acid water-soluble organic fertilizer required for tuber rooting and seedling growth are added and mixed into the finished substrate before placing the tubers for planting. The N-P2O5-K2O ratio of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20.

[0043] The finished substrate is then piled up, covered with a thin film, and allowed to mature for 3-5 days to allow the chemical components to fully penetrate and stabilize, and for the microbial agents to initially colonize and reproduce. Before use, the finished substrate is spread out and slightly turned over to ensure that the moisture content reaches the state where it "can be clumped together when squeezed in the hand, but crumbles when released."

[0044] S2. Pretreatment of seedling containers Use plastic frames with breathable and permeable mesh as seedling containers. The dimensions of the plastic frames are 45cm × 32cm × 28cm. Strictly disinfect the seedling containers using any of the following methods: Method 1: Expose the containers to sunlight for 1-3 days, then scald them with hot water above 80℃ or fumigate them with steam for 10-15 minutes; Method 2: Evenly spray the inner and outer surfaces of the containers with a 0.5-1% sodium hypochlorite solution or 75% alcohol, let them stand for 30 minutes, then rinse them thoroughly with clean water and air dry before use.

[0045] After disinfection, lay a whole sheet of plastic film on the bottom and four walls of the seedling frame. The size of the film should be large enough to cover the entire inside of the seedling frame, leaving room for the top to be covered. According to the distribution of the mesh on the bottom and side walls of the seedling frame, poke holes in the film at the corresponding locations to create ventilation holes, ensuring good water permeability and air permeability.

[0046] The prepared substrate prepared above is placed into the seedling frame lined with a film as the bottom layer. The bottom layer is about 10cm thick. It is laid flat and slightly compacted to make the substrate density uniform.

[0047] S3. Placement, planting, and packaging of Polygonatum rhizome. Select healthy, disease-free, and mechanically undamaged one-year-old Polygonatum tubers as seed tubers, each with 1-2 plump buds.

[0048] Add 1000g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder and 1000g of 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb aqueous solution to 250kg of purified water. Immerse the Polygonatum rhizome in the above disinfectant solution for 20 minutes, then remove it and spread it out in a clean, cool, and ventilated place to allow the surface moisture to evaporate naturally until there is no water film on the surface and it is not sticky to the touch.

[0049] After disinfection, grade the tubers according to size. Place tubers of roughly the same size in the same seedling frame to avoid mixing sizes. Arrange the tubers of the same grade with the buds facing upwards neatly on the substrate, maintaining appropriate spacing between tubers, and strictly prohibiting them from overlapping or touching. Place two layers of larger tubers in one seedling frame, and three layers of smaller tubers in one seedling frame.

[0050] After each layer is placed, continue adding the finished substrate on top of the tuber until it is completely covered, with a uniform thickness that extends 2-3 cm above the top of the tuber. Repeat this process for the remaining layers. Once all layers are laid, smooth the surface substrate and gently compact it. Then, gather the pre-laid plastic film inside the frame upwards to cover the entire surface of the seedling frame, creating a moisture-retaining environment, thus completing the single-frame seedling enclosure.

[0051] S4, Three-dimensional stacking and environmental control Transfer the packaged seedling frames to the seedling room and stack them in multiple layers. When stacking, try to align the frames as much as possible. The stacking depth should not exceed 5 layers.

[0052] The environmental parameters of the seedling room should be controlled as follows: daytime temperature 20-28℃ and nighttime temperature 15-20℃ during the growing season; diffused light should be the main source, avoiding direct strong light, and the light intensity should be controlled at 8000-12000 lux; the relative humidity should be maintained at 65-80%. Under normal circumstances, no additional watering is required during the entire seedling period.

[0053] When the outdoor temperature remains above 30℃, activate the temperature control system to lower the temperature and prevent tuber rot or disease caused by high temperature and humidity. A designated person must be responsible for regularly inspecting and recording the temperature, substrate humidity, and air humidity in the seedling room to ensure stable and controllable environmental parameters.

[0054] S5. Water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control No additional watering is needed in the seedling trays during the entire seedling period. The substrate moisture content in the trays is maintained at 60-70% by controlling the temperature and humidity of the seedling room. A simple criterion is that the substrate "clumps together when squeezed but crumbles when released".

[0055] Following the principle of prevention first and comprehensive control, regularly spray biological agents such as polyoxin and / or veratrine to prevent leaf diseases; hang yellow sticky insect boards in the seedling room to attract and kill small pests such as aphids, whiteflies and fungus gnats.

[0056] S6. Seedling effect Under suitable environmental conditions, using the method described in this embodiment for the cultivation of Polygonatum rhizome seedlings, new roots will sprout approximately 30 days after the rhizomes are planted, and the seedlings will reach transplanting standards (mature seedlings) in about 3 months. Experimental verification shows that each mature seedling has an average of over 60 roots, an increase of about 20% compared to traditional seedling cultivation; the rhizome seedling survival rate reaches over 90%, an increase of about 10% compared to traditional seedling cultivation; the seedling cycle is shortened by 15-20% compared to traditional seedling cultivation; and the number of seedlings per unit area increases by more than 3 times, with a single batch yielding over 667m². 2 It can cultivate approximately 400,000 Polygonatum seedlings.

[0057] The method for raising Solomon's seal tubers using a frame-type seedling system provided by this invention is labor-saving, has strong environmental adaptability, produces high-quality Solomon's seal seedlings that recover quickly, and is suitable for large-scale mechanized and unified planting. After transplanting the seedlings to the forest floor, they exhibit strong resistance, uniform growth, and stable yield, facilitating unified cultivation management and harvesting. Specifically, firstly, it is labor-saving and efficient, as planting, seedling raising, and transplanting are convenient, suitable for rapid mechanical or manual planting, greatly reducing labor costs; secondly, it has strong environmental adaptability, as the frame-type seedling containers can be moved and placed at any time, facilitating temperature control, shading, rain protection, and moisture retention, suitable for various planting scenarios such as indoors or greenhouses; thirdly, the seedlings produced are of high quality, recovering quickly after transplanting to the understory, significantly improving the survival rate; fourthly, the seedlings are conducive to large-scale mechanized planting, as the seedlings are of uniform age and size, facilitating large-scale mechanized and unified transplanting; and fifthly, after transplanting to the understory, the seedlings exhibit robust growth, well-developed root systems, strong resistance to adverse conditions in the later stages, uniform growth, and stable yield, facilitating unified cultivation management and harvesting under the forest canopy.

[0058] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome, characterized in that, include: Prepare substrate materials, which include composite wood chips, decomposed rice husks, perlite and microbial agents, and the composite wood chips include mulberry wood chips, pine wood chips and fir wood chips; Fungicides, growth regulators and organic fertilizers are dissolved in water to prepare a mixed fertilizer mother liquor. The mixed fertilizer mother liquor is then evenly mixed with composite wood chips and decomposed rice husks and piled for fermentation. After fermentation, it is sterilized by steam, cooled and then perlite and microbial agents are added, mixed evenly and matured for a short period of time to obtain the finished substrate. Select a seedling frame with breathable and water-permeable mesh. After disinfection, lay a plastic film on the bottom and four walls of the frame. According to the distribution of the mesh of the frame, puncture the film at the corresponding places to form air holes. Put the finished substrate into the seedling frame with the film as the bottom layer, lay it flat and compact it slightly. Select Polygonatum rhizomes with plump buds, disinfect them, and grade them by size. Place the Polygonatum rhizomes of the same grade with the buds facing upwards on the prepared substrate in the seedling frame, leaving a gap between the Polygonatum rhizomes. Cover the placed rhizomes with the prepared substrate until completely covered. Arrange the Polygonatum rhizomes in 2 or 3 layers according to size. After all layers are laid, use the plastic film to lift up and cover the surface of the frame to create a moist environment. The packaged seedling frames are stacked in multiple layers in the seedling room; the temperature, light and air humidity in the seedling room are controlled to cultivate the seedlings until they meet the transplanting standards.

2. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix raw materials, by mass percentage, are: 60-70% composite wood chips, 20-30% decomposed rice husks, 10-15% perlite, and microbial inoculants are added.

3. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 2, characterized in that, The matrix raw material ratio is 40-50% mulberry wood chips, 10% pine wood chips, 10% fir wood chips, 20-30% decomposed rice husks, 10-15% perlite, and microbial inoculants are added.

4. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed fertilizer mother liquor contains 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb aqueous solution, rooting powder, jinggangmycin wettable powder, and well-rotted organic fertilizer.

5. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The moisture content of the composting fermentation is 55-65%, the fermentation cycle is 30-45 days, during which the compost is turned 3-4 times, and the fermentation temperature is maintained at 50-60℃.

6. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam sterilization temperature is 80℃ and the sterilization time is 30 minutes; the short-term curing adopts stacking curing, which needs to be covered with a film and the time is 3-5 days.

7. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling trays are disinfected using any of the following methods: Method 1: Expose to sunlight for 1-3 days, then scald with hot water above 80℃ or steam for 10-15 minutes; Method 2: Use 0.5-1% sodium hypochlorite solution or 75% alcohol to evenly spray the inner and outer surfaces of the container, let it stand for 30 minutes, then rinse it thoroughly with clean water and let it dry for later use.

8. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Solomon's Seal tubers are one-year-old tubers free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage, each with 1-2 plump buds. The disinfection method for the Solomon's Seal tubers is as follows: 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder and 30% metalaxyl-mancozeb aqueous solution are added to purified water to prepare a disinfectant solution. The tubers are then immersed in the solution for 20 minutes and then taken out and dried.

9. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental parameters of the seedling room are as follows: daytime temperature 20-28℃, nighttime temperature 15-20℃, relative humidity 65-80%, light is mainly diffused light to avoid direct strong light, light intensity is controlled at 8000-12000 lux, and the substrate moisture is maintained at 60-70%.

10. The frame-type seedling cultivation method for Polygonatum rhizome according to claim 1, characterized in that, No additional nutrients are needed during the entire growth stage of the Polygonatum rhizome seedlings. The balanced water-soluble fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and humic acid water-soluble organic fertilizer required for rhizome rooting and seedling growth are added and mixed into the finished substrate before placing the rhizomes for planting. The N-P2O5-K2O ratio of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 20-20-20.

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