Dense phase filling device and its through-type composite fabric distributor

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of chemical and process industrial equipment technology, and particularly to a dense phase filling device and its through-type composite distributor. The distributor includes: a distributing section, comprising a hollow conical section and a bottom wall, the conical section being funnel-shaped, with a feed inlet at the end with a larger end face area, and the bottom wall connected to the end with a smaller end face area; a first slot group, comprising two first through slots spaced apart circumferentially along the distributing section, extending from the conical section to the bottom wall, the two first through slots in each first slot group being interconnected; and a second slot group, comprising two second through slots spaced apart circumferentially along the distributing section, extending from the conical section to the bottom wall, the two second through slots in each second slot group being spaced apart. This invention proposes a composite structure of "asymmetric slots + active shaping through slots + five-rib synergistic control" to promote uniform particle dispersion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical and process industrial equipment technology, and in particular to a dense phase filling device and its through-type composite material distributor. Background Technology

[0002] Dense-phase packing of catalysts is a key technology for improving the performance of fixed-bed reactors. This technology uses a high-speed rotating distributor to uniformly distribute catalyst particles across the reactor cross-section, achieving a high and uniform bed packing density. Uniform packing effectively suppresses channeling and hot spots during the reaction process, extends catalyst lifetime, and improves reaction efficiency and safety.

[0003] Currently, most industrially used rotary distributors employ a structure with simple slots on the conical surface and bottom. Existing patents CN201210363788.3 and CN201420059956.4 control the distributor's rotation via a rotating device, causing particles within the distributor to be thrown out under centrifugal force. This design represents a passive flow control method, resulting in limited uniformity. A common problem is the significant difference in catalyst distribution between the central and peripheral regions of the bed, leading to central accumulation or annular voids and uneven distribution of the reaction fluid. The root cause lies in the simple bottom structure of the distributor, which fails to actively and precisely guide and redistribute the particle flow.

[0004] Current improvements in existing technologies mostly focus on adjusting the central aperture or increasing the number of uniformly distributed slots. However, these methods have limitations in optimization and lack targeted design for the microscopic mechanisms of particle flow. Therefore, developing a feeder bottom structure capable of actively controlling particle flow trajectory and flux to achieve highly uniform filling is an urgent technological need with significant industrial value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in order to improve the uniformity of material distribution in a filling and distributing device, the present invention provides a dense phase filling device and its through-type composite material distributor.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A through-type composite fabric feeder, comprising: The fabric section includes a hollow conical section and a bottom wall. The conical section is funnel-shaped, and a feed inlet is provided at the end with a larger end face area. The bottom wall is connected to the end with a smaller end face area of ​​the conical section. The first slot group is provided at least once. The first slot group includes two first through slots arranged circumferentially along the fabric portion. The first through slots extend from the conical portion to the bottom wall. Both first through slots penetrate the conical portion and the bottom wall end face of the fabric portion. The two first through slots in each first slot group are interconnected. The second slot group, at least one second slot group is provided, the second slot group includes two second through slots arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fabric part, the second through slots extend from the conical part to the bottom wall, both second through slots penetrate the conical part and the bottom wall end face of the fabric part, and the two second through slots in each second slot group are arranged at intervals.

[0007] Furthermore, the two first through slots in each of the first slot groups are arranged opposite to each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the two second through slots in each second slot group are arranged opposite to each other, and the first through slot and the second through slot are arranged alternately.

[0009] Furthermore, on the bottom wall, the width t1 of the first channel near the center of the bottom wall is less than the width T1 of the channel away from the center of the bottom wall, 2d≤t1≤3d, where d is the equivalent diameter of the particles to be filled, and the width of the second channel near the center of the bottom wall is less than the width T2 of the channel away from the center of the bottom wall.

[0010] Furthermore, the width of the first through groove located on the conical part is W1, and the width of the second through groove located on the conical part is W2, where W1=T1, W2=T2, W2=4d±0.5d, and d is the equivalent diameter of the particle to be filled.

[0011] Furthermore, the fabric portion is provided with at least one reinforcing rib, which is located on the bottom wall and between the two first through grooves and / or within the second through groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the reinforcing rib includes a first blocking reinforcing rib located between the two first through slots and / or a second blocking reinforcing rib located at the transition between the bottom wall and the tapered portion.

[0013] Furthermore, the extension direction of the first through groove l 1. The extension direction of the second through slot l 2 represents a straight line or a curve.

[0014] Furthermore, a baffle plate is connected to the fabric inlet. The baffle plate is annular, and its inner sidewall extends to the inside of the fabric inlet. The distance L between the inner sidewall of the baffle plate and the inside of the fabric inlet is ≥2d.

[0015] A dense phase filling device, comprising: A material cylinder, which is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port; The dense phase filling feeder described above is located at the discharge port of the feed cylinder, with the feed inlet opposite to the discharge port. Motor (2), which is used to drive the dense phase filling feeder (1) to rotate along its axial direction.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it proposes a composite structure of "asymmetric slot + active shaping through slot + five-rib synergistic control". In order to promote uniform particle dispersion, the fabric part of this application has slots on both the conical surface and the bottom surface. In order to break through the performance bottleneck of traditional structures, a through-type structure design is proposed, which connects the central hole with the radial slot and introduces blocking reinforcing ribs to achieve active flow control. The addition of reinforcing ribs forms a composite structure of through slot and local blocking. Through the synergistic effect of the structure, active intervention in the particle flow field is achieved in order to achieve the best fabric uniformity. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dense phase filling device in this invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dense phase filling fabric distributor in this invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the fabric section in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fabric section in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the A-series fabric section in Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 These are schematic diagrams of the B-series fabric section in Comparative Examples 5 and 6 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the C-series fabric section in Comparative Examples 7 and 8 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the D-series fabric section in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the material boxes in the quantitative evaluation test of this invention.

[0027] Figure 10This is a diagram showing the radial distribution of particles in the A-series scheme of this invention.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a radial distribution curve of particle number in the A series scheme of this invention.

[0029] Figure 12 This is a radial distribution diagram of particle number in the B series scheme of this invention.

[0030] Figure 13 This is a radial distribution curve of particle number in the B series scheme of this invention.

[0031] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the radial distribution of particles in the C-series scheme of this invention.

[0032] Figure 15 This is a radial distribution curve of particle number in the C-series scheme of this invention.

[0033] Figure 16 This is a diagram showing the radial distribution of particles in the D-series scheme of this invention.

[0034] Figure 17 This is a radial distribution curve of particle number in the D series scheme of this invention.

[0035] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the CV values ​​of each design scheme in series A, B, C, and D of this invention.

[0036] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the dense phase loading experimental apparatus in this invention.

[0037] Figure 20 This is a comparison diagram of the radial distribution of particle number in the simulation and experiment of the D2 scheme in this invention.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Dense-phase filling feeder; 11. Feeding section; 112. Bottom wall; 113. First through groove; 1131. First conical through groove; 1132. First bottom through groove; 114. Second through groove; 1141. Second conical through groove; 1142. Second bottom through groove; 115. Reinforcing rib; 1151. First blocking reinforcing rib; 1152. Second blocking reinforcing rib; 116. Through hole; 117. Conical section; 12. Baffle plate; 2. Motor; 3. Material cylinder; 33. Mounting frame; 4. Material box. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0040] Example 1: like Figure 1As shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a dense phase filling device includes: a material cylinder 3, a motor 2, and a dense phase filling distributor 1. The bottom of the material cylinder 3 is provided with a funnel shape, the top of the material cylinder 3 is provided with a feeding port, and the bottom of the material cylinder 3 is provided with a discharge port. A flange cover is provided at the feeding port. The motor 2 is connected to the flange cover through a bracket. A rotating shaft is connected to the motor 2. The rotating shaft passes through the flange cover, passes through the material cylinder 3 and the dense phase filling distributor 1. The motor 2 drives the dense phase filling distributor 1 to rotate, so that the material in the dense phase filling distributor 1 is thrown out under the action of centrifugal force and gravity.

[0041] Reference Figure 2-4 The dense phase filling feeder 1 is fixedly installed at the discharge port of the material cylinder 3 by the mounting frame 33. The dense phase filling feeder 1 includes a feeding part 11 and a baffle plate 12. The feeding part 11 is funnel-shaped. The end with a larger end face area of ​​the feeding part 11 is provided with a feed inlet, which faces the discharge port. The end with a smaller end face area is the bottom wall 112. The baffle plate 12 is provided at the feed inlet end and is connected to the mounting frame 33. The baffle plate 12 is annular. The inner side wall of the baffle plate 12 extends to the inner side of the feed inlet. The distance L between the inner side wall of the baffle plate 12 and the inner side wall of the feed inlet is ≥2d, where d is the equivalent diameter of the material particles to be filled. In this embodiment, the equivalent diameter d of the material is 5mm. The baffle plate 12 effectively prevents particles from flying out from above when the feeder rotates and throws the material. like Figure 8 As shown in small figure D1, the fabric part 11 is provided with a first groove group and a second groove group. At least one first groove group and one second groove group are provided. Each first groove group includes two first through grooves 113 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fabric part 11. Each second groove group includes two second through grooves 114 arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fabric part 11. In this embodiment, one first groove group and one second groove group are provided. The two first through grooves 113 are arranged opposite each other, and the two second through grooves 114 are arranged opposite each other. The first through grooves 113 and the second through grooves 114 are arranged alternately, so that the first through grooves 113 and the second through grooves 114 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the fabric part 11.

[0042] It should be noted that the first through groove 113 extends from the conical portion 117 to the bottom wall 112. Both first through grooves 113 penetrate the conical portion 117 and the end face of the bottom wall 112 of the fabric portion 11. The extension direction of the first through groove 113 on the conical portion 117 can be a straight line or a curve, and the extension direction of the first through groove 113 on the bottom wall 112 can also be a straight line or a curve. The portion of the first through groove 113 on the conical portion 117 is the first conical through groove 1131, and the portion on the bottom wall 112 is the first bottom through groove 1132. The first conical through groove 1131 and the first bottom through groove 1132 are interconnected. The two first bottom through grooves 1132 are interconnected.

[0043] The second through groove 114 extends from the conical portion 117 to the bottom wall 112. Both second through grooves 114 penetrate the conical portion 117 and the end face of the bottom wall 112 of the fabric portion 11. The extension direction of the second through groove 114 on the side wall of the fabric portion 11 can be straight or curved, and the extension direction of the second through groove 114 on the bottom wall 112 can also be straight or curved. The portion of the second through groove 114 on the conical portion 117 is the second conical through groove 1141, and the portion on the bottom wall 112 is the second bottom through groove 1142. The second conical through groove 1141 and the second bottom through groove 1142 are interconnected. The two second bottom through grooves 1142 are interconnected, and the ends of the two second bottom through grooves 1142 are spaced apart.

[0044] In this embodiment, in the plane XY, the extension direction l1 of the first through groove 113 on the side wall and bottom wall 112 of the fabric part 11 is a straight line, and the extension direction l2 of the second through groove 114 on the side wall and bottom wall 112 of the fabric part 11 is a straight line.

[0045] The width of the first conical through groove 1131 is W1; the width t1 of the end of the first bottom through groove 1132 near the center of the bottom wall 112 is less than the width T1 of the end away from the center of the bottom wall 112, T1=W1, 2d≤t1≤3d, preferably t1=2.4d.

[0046] The width of the second conical through groove 1141 is W2, W2=4d±0.5d; the width t2 of the second bottom through groove 1142 near the center of the bottom wall 112 is less than the width T2 of the end away from the center of the bottom wall 112, T2=W2.

[0047] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the feed inlet of the fabric section 11 is 260mm, the cone angle α is 90°, and W2=W1=20mm.

[0048] Example 2: like Figure 3 as well as Figure 8 As shown in small figure D2, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the fabric part 11 is also provided with reinforcing ribs 115 to enhance the structural stability of the fabric part 11. Furthermore, the reinforcing ribs 115 actively intervene in the particle flow field through structural synergy to achieve optimal fabric uniformity. Specifically, the reinforcing ribs 115 are provided in the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114. The reinforcing ribs 115 are located at the turning point between the bottom wall 112 and the side wall of the fabric part 11. In addition, reinforcing ribs 115 can also be provided between the two first bottom through grooves 1132. For distinction, the reinforcing ribs 115 between the two first bottom through grooves 1132 are defined as the first blocking reinforcing ribs 1151, and the reinforcing ribs located at the turning point between the bottom wall 112 and the side wall of the fabric part 11 are defined as the second blocking reinforcing ribs 1152.

[0049] In other embodiments, the reinforcing ribs 115 between the two first bottom surface through grooves 1132 can adopt other structures that can effectively achieve the central diffusion function, such as star-shaped or radial strip-shaped.

[0050] In other embodiments, the shape and size of the reinforcing rib 115 at the transition between the bottom wall 112 and the side wall of the fabric portion 11 can be optimized according to the specific particle characteristics, for example, by using a wedge shape to provide gradient perturbation.

[0051] The bottom groove directly determines the falling flux and trajectory of particles in the near-axial region, and is a key design parameter affecting the filling quality at the center of the bed and the uniformity of radial distribution. To systematically reveal the working mechanism of the bottom groove and optimize the performance of the material feeder, comparative examples 1 to 8 were designed to compare with the schemes of Examples 1 and 2, while keeping the conical groove unchanged.

[0052] In the following comparative examples 1-8, the fabric section 11 is configured as a funnel shape. The fabric section 11 is provided with a first slot group and a second slot group. One first slot group and one second slot group are provided. Each first slot group includes two oppositely arranged first through slots 113. Each second slot group includes two oppositely arranged second through slots 114. The first through slots 113 and the second through slots 114 are staggered and spaced apart, so that the first through slots 113 and the second through slots 114 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the fabric section 11. In comparative examples 1-8, a through hole 116 is provided at the center of the bottom wall 112 of the fabric section 11.

[0053] Comparative Example 1: like Figure 5 As shown in small figure A1, in Comparative Example 1, the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are only provided on the side wall of the fabric part 11, and the diameter of the through hole 116 is R=0mm.

[0054] Comparative Example 2: like Figure 5 As shown in small figure A2, in Comparative Example 2, the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are only provided on the side wall of the fabric part 11, and the diameter of the through hole 116 is R=10mm.

[0055] Comparative Example 3: like Figure 5 As shown in small figure A3, in Comparative Example 3, the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are only provided on the side wall of the fabric part 11, and the diameter of the through hole 116 is R=15mm.

[0056] Comparative Example 4: like Figure 5 As shown in the small A4 figure, in Comparative Example 4, the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are only provided on the side wall of the fabric part 11, and the diameter of the through hole 116 is R=20mm.

[0057] Comparative Example 5: like Figure 6 As shown in small figure B1, in Comparative Example 5, the first through groove 113 is provided on the side wall and bottom wall 112 of the fabric part 11. The two first through grooves 113 are not connected to each other, and the second through groove 114 is only provided on the side wall of the fabric part 11.

[0058] The width T1 of the portion of the first through groove 113 on the bottom wall 112 is 20mm. Preferably, the width of the portion of the first through groove 113 on the bottom wall 112 decreases as it gets closer to the center of the bottom wall 112, thus the first through groove 113 is arc-shaped or conical and narrows.

[0059] Comparative Example 6: like Figure 5 As shown in small figure B2, in Comparative Example 6, the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are provided on the side wall and bottom wall 112 of the fabric part 11. The two first through grooves 113 are not connected to each other, and the two second through grooves 114 are not connected to each other.

[0060] The width of the portion of the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 on the bottom wall 112 is 20mm. Preferably, the width of the portion of the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 on the bottom wall 112 decreases as it gets closer to the center of the bottom wall 112, so that the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are arc-shaped or conical.

[0061] Comparative Example 7: like Figure 7 As shown in small figure C1, in comparative example 7, the fabric part 11 is configured as a funnel shape, and the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are provided on the side wall and bottom wall 112 of the fabric part 11. The two first through grooves 113 are not connected to each other, and the two second through grooves 114 are not connected to each other.

[0062] The width of the first through groove 113 on the bottom wall 112 is 20mm. The width of the first through groove 113 on the bottom wall 112 decreases as it gets closer to the center of the bottom wall 112, thus the first through groove 113 is arc-shaped or conical and narrows. The part of the second through groove 114 on the bottom wall 112 is circular. The width of the second through groove 114 at its widest position on the bottom wall 112 is 30mm.

[0063] Comparative Example 8: like Figure 7 As shown in small figure C2, in comparative example 8, the fabric part 11 is configured as a funnel shape, and the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 are provided on the side wall and bottom wall 112 of the fabric part 11. The two first through grooves 113 are not connected to each other, and the two second through grooves 114 are not connected to each other.

[0064] The portions of the first through groove 113 and the second through groove 114 on the bottom wall 112 are circular, and the width of the second through groove 114 at its widest position on the bottom wall 112 is 30mm.

[0065] To quantitatively evaluate the radial distribution uniformity of catalyst particles in the reactor bed, such as Figure 9 As shown, seven collection boxes 4 are arranged at equal intervals along the radial direction on the bottom surface of the reactor (e.g., Figure 9 The seven material boxes shown are numbered 0 to 6 from left to right. Figure 9 The material box 4, which is opposite the center of the material distribution section 11, is designated as material box 4 (No. 0). The geometric dimensions of each material box 4 are designed according to the reactor diameter and radial zoning requirements. Based on the above arrangement of material boxes 4, a progressive analysis method is used to evaluate the uniformity of catalyst loading.

[0066] This application employs the discrete element method (DEM) to conduct systematic numerical simulations of a fixed-bed reactor and its 5 mm diameter spherical catalyst. The coefficient of variation (CV) is introduced as the core evaluation index for quantifying packing uniformity. Following an optimization path of "aperture guidance - slot distribution - active structural control," the influence mechanism of key parameters such as the bottom aperture, number of slots, slot width, and through-type structure of the feeder on the radial distribution of particles is verified. Based on the systematic revelation of the influence law of structural parameters, a through-type composite feeder bottom structure capable of achieving highly uniform packing is proposed. The optimization effect is verified through the construction of an experimental platform, aiming to provide theoretical basis and engineering reference for the design and process optimization of dense-phase packing equipment for industrial catalysts.

[0067] Specifically, firstly, the cumulative number of particles collected in each feed box 4 during the simulation is extracted to obtain basic data on the radial distribution of the particles. Secondly, radial distribution curves are plotted based on the particle count in each feed box 4 to visually present the distribution trend and fluctuation characteristics. Finally, the coefficient of variation (CV) from statistics is introduced as a core quantitative indicator. This dimensionless indicator can eliminate the influence of differences in the total number of particles and objectively reflect the relative dispersion of the dataset. The smaller the CV value, the smaller the relative difference in the number of particles in each collection area, i.e., the more uniform the radial distribution of the catalyst. Through the combined analysis of intuitive observation in simulation, distribution curve characterization, and quantitative evaluation using the coefficient of variation, intuitive, systematic, and reliable data support is provided for the optimization of the feeder structure.

[0068] To investigate the effect of aperture parameters on filling uniformity, the A series schemes (Comparative Examples 1 to 4, where Comparative Example 1 is Scheme A1, Comparative Example 2 is Scheme A2, Comparative Example 3 is Scheme A3, and Comparative Example 4 is Scheme A4) only have circular holes of different diameters opened at the center of the bottom surface of the feeder, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the diameters of the circular holes in schemes A1-A4 are 0mm, 10mm, 15mm and 20mm respectively. Figure 10 and Figure 11 The radial distribution of particles and the radial distribution curves of particle number under different pore sizes are shown respectively.

[0069] from Figure 10 From a visual perspective, designs with no holes on the bottom or only a central hole generally exhibit noticeable wavy undulations. Design A1 presents an extremely uneven shape with high edges and an empty center, with almost no particle accumulation in the central area. In designs A2 and A3, as the central hole diameter increases, the number of particles accumulated in box 0 (4) in the central area gradually increases, alleviating the central depression phenomenon, but the number of particles in boxes 1 and 2 (4) remains relatively small. In design A4, when the hole diameter increases to 20mm, there are too many particles in the central area, forming a central bulge and reducing the uniformity of the material surface.

[0070] Figure 11 The quantity distribution curves shown further quantify the radial distribution characteristics of the material surface, revealing the differences in the number of particles in each collection box 4 under different structural schemes and their underlying mechanisms. In scheme A1, the bottom surface has no holes, and the central collection box 0 only captures 5 particles, while the number of particles in the peripheral boxes 5 and 6 are as high as 270 and 285 respectively, showing a significant edge enrichment phenomenon. This is because in scheme A1, particles can only be thrown out through the conical groove, and the distributor lacks a central discharge channel, resulting in a large accumulation of material in the peripheral area under centrifugal force. Scheme A2 uses a 10mm central aperture, which slightly increases the number of particles in the central area compared to scheme A1, but does not achieve significant improvement in visual morphology and quantitative indicators. The edges are still highly enriched, indicating that the aperture is too small, the drainage effect is limited, and it fails to effectively reconstruct the radial distribution of particles. When the aperture is increased to 15mm to form scheme A3, the central discharge capacity is significantly enhanced, the number of particles in box 0 increases to 217, the overall coefficient of variation decreases to 57.3%, and the distribution uniformity reaches the best in this series. However, at this point, the number of particles in the central region exceeded that of the adjacent boxes 1 to 3, indicating that the existing structure was insufficient to effectively control the particle flow direction and make it difficult to achieve uniform filling in the radial range. When the central aperture was further increased to 20 mm to form the A4 scheme, the central drainage effect was too strong, the number of particles in box 0 surged to 483, the overall distribution became unbalanced again, and the coefficient of variation rose back to 58.7%.

[0071] In summary, relying solely on adjusting the central aperture presents a significant bottleneck in uniformity optimization. Although the A3 scheme (15 mm) achieves moderate flow diversion, radial global uniformity still requires the introduction of additional flow guiding structures for secondary particle distribution. Therefore, the subsequent B series will add radial slots to the central aperture of 13 mm (a compromise between A2 and A3) to explore the flow diversion effect of the slots.

[0072] To verify the flow diversion effect of the radial slots, the B series schemes (Comparative Examples 5 and 6) had two (Comparative Example 5: Scheme B1) and four (Comparative Example 6: Scheme B2) radial slots with a width of 20 mm around the central hole (13 mm), respectively. Figure 6 As shown. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The particle distribution and radial quantity curves of the B series schemes are presented respectively.

[0073] from Figure 12 From a visual perspective of the material surface morphology, after adding radial slots, both schemes B1 and B2 exhibit a smoother material surface than the optimal scheme in the A series (A3, CV=57.3%). The stacking height of the central No. 0 material box 4 and the outer (No. 2-6) material boxes 4 are basically the same, which visually confirms the directional diversion effect of the slots. However, both schemes have obvious local depressions in the No. 1 material box 4 area, indicating that the particle filling in this annular area is still insufficient, becoming a bottleneck limiting further improvement in uniformity. Figure 12 The quantitative distribution curves further reveal the influence and underlying mechanism of the slots on uniformity. The coefficient of variation (CV) of scheme B1 decreased to 33.3%, while that of scheme B2 further decreased to 29.5%. Compared with the A series schemes, the radial slots in the B series schemes provide a guiding channel for particles to be transported from the central hole to the periphery, realizing secondary diversion of the particle flow and effectively supplementing the number of particles in regions 1 and 2 in the A series schemes. Scheme B2 increases the number of slots compared to scheme B1, resulting in a denser diversion path and a more balanced spatial distribution. Therefore, scheme B2 can guide more particles to region 1 (the number of particles increases from 89 in scheme B1 to 132), thereby reducing the dispersion of the overall distribution and achieving better uniformity.

[0074] The above results show that increasing the number of radial slots can effectively improve filling uniformity, with the 4-slot scheme being superior to the 2-slot scheme. However, the number of particles in region 1 of scheme B2 is still relatively low, indicating that while simply increasing the number of slots can improve the overall distribution trend, it is difficult to accurately solve the problem of material shortage in specific ring areas. This points to an optimization direction for subsequent precise control of local flow rate by adjusting the slot structure parameters.

[0075] To investigate the influence mechanism of slot width on particle distribution, a design was created based on scheme B2, as follows: Figure 7 The C-series schemes shown (Comparative Examples 7 and 8, Comparative Example 7 is Scheme C1, Comparative Example 8 is Scheme C2): C1 widens two relative slots to 30mm (circular slots), and C2 widens all four slots to 30mm. Figure 14 and Figure 15 The particle distribution and radial quantity curves of the C-series scheme are shown.

[0076] from Figure 14 Visual observation of the material surface morphology shows that the C-series scheme is an improvement over the previous scheme, with a significant increase in particles in collection boxes 0-2, and no obvious local shortages. However, the material surface of both schemes still exhibits a certain degree of wavy undulation, indicating that there is still room for improvement in uniformity. Figure 15 The quantitative distribution curves further revealed the influence of slot width. Scheme C1, by selectively widening two slots, could directionally increase the particle flux in the corresponding region, effectively compensating for the insufficient material distribution in region 1 of Scheme B2. The number of particles in this region increased from 132 to 158, achieving a more balanced radial distribution, and its coefficient of variation (CV) decreased to 23.4%. Scheme C2 widened four slots, increasing the total flux, but disrupting the original flow balance. To further investigate the reasons for the deterioration of uniformity in Scheme C2, the particle flux in the corresponding regions of each slot was analyzed. It was found that the global widening caused a large outflow of particles from the four slots, forming new local enrichment in the corresponding annular region, while the peripheral region, originally supplied by the conical slots, was relatively insufficient, resulting in a new distribution imbalance, with a coefficient of variation (CV) reaching 43.9%.

[0077] The above results indicate that the optimization of the slot width needs to be targeted and selective. Widening the entire slot does not improve uniformity and may even cause new distribution imbalances. Although the C1 scheme achieved significant optimization through local structural adjustments, the undulations in the material surface still indicate that the traditional structural design and optimization of the central hole and radial slot cannot effectively improve the radial distribution uniformity of particles. A new structure with better controllability needs to be designed.

[0078] The D-series schemes (such as Embodiments 1 and 2, where Embodiment 1 is Scheme D1 and Embodiment 2 is Scheme D2) propose a through-type structural design, connecting the central hole with the radial slot, and introducing a reinforcing rib 115 to achieve active flow regulation. Figure 8 As shown, scheme D1 involves drilling a central hole and a set of slots to form a bottom-through slot, while scheme D2 adds five reinforcing ribs 115 to scheme D1, creating a composite structure of a through slot and localized blocking. The radial distribution of particles and the radial distribution curves of particle number for both schemes are shown below. Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown.

[0079] from Figure 16 Based on direct observation of the material surface distribution characteristics, no obvious undulations were observed in the material surface of the D series schemes. However, the D1 scheme exhibited a phenomenon where there were more particles in the central area and fewer particles in the peripheral area, with the material surface of the central collection box 0 (4) being significantly higher than that of the other collection boxes 4. The D2 scheme, on the other hand, showed a relatively uniform material surface distribution.

[0080] Figure 17The quantitative distribution curves further reveal the control mechanism and performance advantages of the through-flow structure. Due to the lack of flow constraints, particles in scheme D1 were rapidly ejected along the through-flow opening, resulting in a coefficient of variation as high as 35.0%. In contrast, scheme C1 (CV=23.4%), although lacking a through-flow structure, achieved better flow balance through local widening, indicating that simple through-flow structures without effective constraints can lead to uncontrolled flow. Scheme D2, by using the blocking reinforcing ribs 115 to disturb and redistribute the particle flow, successfully stabilized the number of particles in all collection boxes 4 (0 to 6) within an extremely narrow range of 286±39, reducing the coefficient of variation to 13.6%.

[0081] To further reveal the active control mechanism of scheme D2, a comparative analysis was conducted on the particle movement behavior at the bottom of the feeder in schemes D1 and D2. The results show that in scheme D1, particles are mainly thrown out in a straight line along the through-slot opening, with limited radial diffusion capacity, leading to excessive particle concentration in the central area. In scheme D2, the central reinforcing rib 115 effectively suppresses the vertical falling trend of particles, forcing them to diffuse radially in all directions. Simultaneously, the reinforcing rib 115 at the slot opening acts as a local throttling and guiding force, changing the particle projection angle and achieving dynamic balance of the feed rate to each zone. This synergistic effect transforms particle distribution from passive adaptation to active control, significantly improving filling uniformity.

[0082] The above results show that the synergistic design of the through slot and local intervention adopted by the D2 scheme can transform the particle distribution control from passive diversion to active control. It not only improves the filling uniformity by 83.0% compared with the initial A1 scheme, but also provides an innovative and practical technical path for the design of industrial catalyst distributors.

[0083] To systematically evaluate the overall performance of different fabric feeder structures, Figure 18 The trend of CV values ​​is visually displayed using a bar chart. Table 1 summarizes the simulation results and coefficient of variation (CV) for all 10 schemes. To examine the statistical robustness of the simulation results, three repeated simulations were performed on the four key schemes A1, A3, B2, and D2. The total number of particles in the table is the mean of the three results.

[0084] From Table 1 and Figure 18 It can be seen that from the A series to the D series, the CV value generally shows a continuous downward trend, verifying the effectiveness of the progressive optimization path of "orifice diversion - slot diversion - structural synergy". Specifically: Series A (orifice drainage): CV values ​​are concentrated between 57.3% and 80.1%. Adjusting the orifice diameter alone cannot achieve effective and uniform filling, presenting a significant bottleneck.

[0085] Series B (grooved flow diversion): After the introduction of radial grooves, the CV value dropped to 29.5% and 33.3%, a significant decrease compared to Series A, confirming the key role of the groove structure in the secondary flow diversion of particles.

[0086] C series (slot width optimization): Selective local widening (C1) can further balance the flow, reducing CV to 23.4%; global widening (C2) disrupts the flow balance, causing CV to rise back to 43.9%.

[0087] The D series (composite structure) utilizes the synergistic effect of the through-hole and the reinforcing rib 115 to achieve active control of the particle flow field. The CV value of the D2 scheme is as low as 13.6%, which is an improvement of 83.0% compared with the initial non-porous structure (A1). This breaks through the performance limit of the traditional passive flow diversion structure and achieves the optimal filling effect. The D2 scheme not only has the lowest CV value, but also the standard deviation (39) of the number of particles in each box is much smaller than other schemes, indicating that its radial distribution consistency is optimal.

[0088] Table 1 Simulation results and uniformity evaluation of each scheme

[0089] To verify the reliability of the numerical simulation results, a dense-phase loading experimental setup was constructed based on the D2 optimization scheme. For example... Figure 19 The device was fixed to a forklift, and the feeder was installed at the same height as the simulation model, with its upper surface H = 1000 mm from the ground. The motor 2 speed was set to 200 d / min via the control cabinet touchscreen to match the simulation conditions. Catalyst particles fell into the feeder from the cylinder 3 through the lower outlet (100 mm in diameter). The falling rate was controlled by adjusting the valve opening at the outlet to reach 5 kg / s, consistent with the particle generation rate in the simulation. Seven equally spaced collection boxes 4, with dimensions and relative positions identical to the simulation model, were arranged radially below the feeder to collect particles at different radial positions. The experiment was repeated five times, and the average number of particles in each collection box 4 was taken as the final result to eliminate random errors. The experimental setup maintained consistency with the simulation model in terms of geometry, operating parameters, and boundary conditions, providing a reliable basis for subsequent comparative analysis.

[0090] Figure 20 The experimental average number of particles in boxes 0-6 (4) is compared with the simulation results. Figure 20It can be seen that the radial distribution trend of particles obtained from experiments and simulations is basically consistent. The simulated value of the number of particles in each material box 4 is slightly higher than the experimental value, and the two match well. Further error analysis of the experimental and simulation results of the D2 scheme shows that the average relative error between the two is 11.4%, and the relative error range of each material box 4 is between 5% and 15%. From the error distribution of each material box 4, the simulated value in the central area (0-2) is slightly higher than the experimental value, while the two are closer in the edge area (5-6), indicating that the simulation prediction of the central drainage effect may be slightly optimistic. This deviation mainly stems from the small fluctuations in the drop rate caused by the decrease of particles in the material cylinder 3 during the experiment, the difference in rolling characteristics caused by the non-perfect spherical shape of the particles, and secondary factors such as electrostatic and air resistance that were not considered. Despite the above deviations, the consistency between the experiment and simulation in the overall distribution trend and key features strongly verifies the accuracy and reliability of the DEM model and its parameter settings established in this paper.

[0091] A systematic approach combining numerical simulation and parametric analysis based on the discrete element method (DEM) was employed to conduct in-depth research and iterative optimization of the bottom structure of the catalyst dense-phase packing distributor 1, ultimately proposing a high-performance through-type composite distributor structure. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The system revealed the influence of key structural parameters of the feeder on the uniformity of filling. The study verified the effectiveness of the optimization path of "orifice diversion-groove diversion-structural synergy". The results showed that relying solely on adjusting the central orifice diameter has a bottleneck in improving uniformity; the introduction of radial grooves is the key to achieving secondary particle diversion and improving radial uniformity; and targeted local optimization of the groove width can further improve the flow distribution in specific areas.

[0092] (2) An innovative through-type composite feeder structure was proposed and verified. This structure breaks away from the traditional design pattern of separating the central hole and radial slots. By connecting the two and strategically arranging the blocking reinforcing ribs 115, the active guidance and redistribution of particle flow is achieved. Simulation results show that this scheme can make the particle distribution highly consistent in each radial region of the bed, reduce the coefficient of variation (CV) to 13.6%, and improve the performance by 83.0% compared with the initial non-porous structure. This effectively verifies the superiority of the active control design concept. This composite structure breaks through the performance limit of the traditional passive diversion structure.

[0093] (3) The research results have direct engineering guidance value. The proposed progressive optimization path and D2 structure scheme can provide a basis for the design and optimization of dense phase packing equipment for industrial catalysts. The constructed research framework of "DEM simulation-parametric analysis-multidimensional evaluation-experimental verification" can also provide a reference for the development of similar particle processing equipment.

[0094] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A through-composite spreader, characterized by, include: Fabric section (11), the fabric section (11) includes a hollow conical section (117) and a bottom wall (112), the conical section is funnel-shaped, the end of the conical section (117) with a larger end face area is provided with a feed inlet, and the bottom wall (112) is connected to the end of the conical section (117) with a smaller area; The first slot group is provided at least one. The first slot group includes two first through slots (113) arranged circumferentially along the fabric part (11). The first through slots (113) extend from the conical part (117) to the bottom wall (112). The two first through slots (113) penetrate the conical part (117) and the end face of the bottom wall (112) of the fabric part (11). The two first through slots (113) in each first slot group are interconnected. The second slot group is provided at least once. The second slot group includes two second through slots (114) arranged circumferentially along the fabric part (11). The second through slots (114) extend from the conical part (117) to the bottom wall (112). Both second through slots (114) penetrate the conical part (117) and the end face of the bottom wall (112) of the fabric part (11). The two second through slots (114) in each second slot group are arranged at intervals.

2. The through-composite spreader of claim 1, wherein: The two first through slots (113) in each of the first slot groups are arranged opposite each other.

3. The through-type composite fabric feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two second through slots (114) in each second slot group are arranged opposite to each other, and the first through slot (113) and the second through slot (114) are arranged alternately.

4. The through-type composite fabric feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the bottom wall (112), the width t1 of the first through groove (113) near the center of the bottom wall (112) is less than the width T1 of the end of the through groove away from the center of the bottom wall (112), 2d≤t1≤3d, where d is the equivalent diameter of the particles to be filled, and the width of the second through groove (114) near the center of the bottom wall (112) is less than the width T2 of the end of the through groove away from the center of the bottom wall (112).

5. The through-type composite fabric feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the first through groove (113) on the conical part (117) is W1, and the width of the second through groove (114) on the conical part (117) is W2. W1=T1, W2=T2, W2=4d±0.5d, where d is the equivalent diameter of the particles to be filled.

6. The through-type composite fabric feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one reinforcing rib (115) is provided on the fabric part (11), the reinforcing rib (115) is located on the bottom wall (112), and the reinforcing rib (115) is located between two first through grooves (113) and / or in the second through groove (114).

7. The through-type composite fabric feeder according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reinforcing rib (115) includes a first blocking reinforcing rib (1151) located between the two first through slots (113) and / or a second blocking reinforcing rib (1152) located at the transition between the bottom wall (112) and the tapered portion (117).

8. The through-type composite fabric feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extension direction of the first through groove (113) l 1. The extension direction of the second through groove (114) l 2 represents a straight line or a curve.

9. The through-type composite fabric feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle plate (12) is connected to the feed inlet of the fabric section (11). The baffle plate (12) is annular. The inner sidewall of the baffle plate (12) extends to the inner side of the feed inlet of the fabric section (11). The distance L between the inner sidewall of the baffle plate (12) and the inner side of the feed inlet of the fabric section (11) is ≥2d.

10. A dense-phase filling device, characterized in that, include: The material cylinder (3) is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port; The dense phase filling feeder (1) as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is provided at the discharge port of the material cylinder (3), and the inlet is opposite to the discharge port; Motor (2), which is used to drive the dense phase filling feeder (1) to rotate along its axial direction.

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