Thermal and ultraviolet radiation barrier coating for glass and method for its production

Abstract

This invention discloses a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, belonging to the field of glass functional coating technology. The coating is composed of an inorganic-organic hybrid film-forming system consisting of an aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol, compounded with cesium tungsten bronze / ATO composite heat-insulating powder, rutile TiO2 UV-shielding powder, and special functional additives. The preparation method includes glass substrate cleaning and activation, nano-functional slurry sand milling and dispersion, coating liquid preparation, coating, and multi-mode curing. This invention solves the problems of poor weather resistance, imbalance between light transmission and blocking performance, limited construction, and high preparation cost of existing coatings by synergistic enhancement of multi-component nano-powders and optimization of hybrid film formation. It has high hardness, strong adhesion, and excellent weather resistance, and can achieve curing in multiple modes such as room temperature / low temperature / UV. It is suitable for factory mass production and on-site renovation construction, is green and environmentally friendly, and has controllable costs. It is applicable to glass heat-insulating and UV-blocking modification in the fields of construction, automobiles, and photovoltaics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of glass functional coating technology, specifically to a heat-insulating and ultraviolet-insulating coating for glass and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings and automotive safety glass, applying coatings to glass surfaces that combine high visible light transmittance, efficient heat insulation, and ultraviolet (UV) shielding has become a mainstream development trend in the industry. Near-infrared rays in sunlight are a major source of heat, while ultraviolet rays can easily cause aging and fading of indoor items and damage to human skin. Therefore, developing glass coatings that combine high light transmittance, infrared blocking, and UV protection is of significant practical value in reducing building air conditioning energy consumption and extending the service life of interior materials.

[0003] Currently, glass heat insulation and UV blocking technologies are mainly divided into three categories. The first category is traditional organic coatings, which use resins such as acrylates and polyurethanes as film-forming substrates and add organic UV absorbers and infrared absorbing dyes. This type of coating is easy to apply and has a low cost, but it has problems such as poor weather resistance, easy yellowing and chalking after long-term use, and rapid decay of heat insulation effect, making it difficult to meet the requirements for long-term outdoor use. The second category is vacuum magnetron sputtering coating, such as Low-E glass and ITO / ATO conductive coatings. It achieves infrared reflection and UV blocking through multi-layer optical interference. The film layer has stable performance and excellent weather resistance, but this process relies on large-scale vacuum equipment, has high investment costs, and is only suitable for large-scale factory production. It cannot be used for on-site glass renovation and retrofitting, and offline coating is prone to oxidation and failure. It needs to be used in conjunction with insulated glass, which limits its application scenarios. The third type is conventional nanocomposite coatings, which use single nano-TiO2, ATO, and other powders as functional fillers. Although they can balance light transmission and barrier properties to a certain extent, they have obvious drawbacks: single functional powders cannot simultaneously achieve high ultraviolet barrier and strong near-infrared shielding, resulting in poor performance synergy; nano-powders are prone to agglomeration and have insufficient dispersion stability, leading to increased coating haze and decreased visible light transmittance; most coatings use pure organic or pure inorganic systems, with organic systems having low hardness and poor wear resistance, and inorganic systems having weak film-forming properties and high brittleness, making it difficult to balance adhesion and aging resistance; in addition, existing processes mostly rely on high-temperature curing, which is energy-intensive and has poor adaptability, and the dispersion process and film-forming properties of water-based systems are not well matched, making it difficult to achieve stable industrial production.

[0004] In summary, existing glass heat-insulating and UV-blocking coatings and their preparation technologies generally suffer from poor performance balance, insufficient weather resistance and mechanical properties, low construction flexibility, high preparation costs, and poor process adaptability. They cannot simultaneously meet the comprehensive requirements of high light transmittance, efficient heat and UV insulation, high weather resistance, on-site construction capability, and low-cost green preparation. Therefore, developing a new type of heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass with reasonable component synergy, stable dispersion, excellent film-forming performance, and simple process, as well as its preparation method, has significant practical significance and market application value. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass, comprising a film-forming system, a composite functional powder system, and functional additives; The film-forming system is a hybrid system of aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol; The composite functional powder system includes nano heat-insulating powder and nano ultraviolet shielding powder. The nano heat-insulating powder is a composite system of cesium tungsten bronze and ATO, and the nano ultraviolet shielding powder is rutile TiO2. The functional additives include dispersants, silane coupling agents, leveling agents, defoamers, and film-forming aids; The coating forms a dense film layer through the synergistic action of its components, achieving both heat insulation and UV protection functions.

[0007] Preferably, the composition of the film-forming system is as follows: 50-65 parts by weight of water-based fluorinated acrylate emulsion, 5-15 parts by weight of aluminum sol; The silane coupling agent is KH-570, and the addition amount is 0.5-1 parts by weight; The total amount of the composite functional powder system added is 5-23 parts by weight, of which the weight ratio of nano heat insulation powder to nano ultraviolet shielding powder is (3-12):(2-5).

[0008] Preferably, the coating further includes: Graphene, 0.1-0.6 parts by weight, works synergistically with nano-insulating powder; UV absorber UV-327 or UV-531, added at a rate of 0.3-1 parts by weight; The nano-functional powder adopts a core-shell structure, with the core being cesium tungsten bronze or rutile TiO2 and the outer shell being SiO2, with a shell thickness of 5-10 nm.

[0009] Preferably, the coating has a multi-layer composite structure: The bottom layer is a SiO2 adhesion layer with a thickness of 30-50nm; The middle layer is a heat-insulating ultraviolet functional layer with a thickness of 15-30μm; The top layer is a fluorosilicone modified wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 5-10μm; The coating has a visible light transmittance of ≥78%, a near-infrared blocking rate of ≥92%, and an ultraviolet blocking rate of ≥99%.

[0010] Preferably, the specific parameters of the functional additive are as follows: The dispersant is a polyacrylate, and the addition amount is 5%-10% of the total weight of the composite functional powder; The film-forming aid is dodecyl alcohol ester, added at 2-4 parts by weight; The leveling agent is an acrylic ester, and the addition amount is 0.3-0.8 parts by weight; The defoamer is a polyether-modified siloxane, and the addition amount is 0.2-0.5 parts by weight.

[0011] Preferably, a method for preparing a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass includes the following steps: The glass substrate undergoes cleaning, drying, and optional activation treatment; Nano-functional slurry is prepared by mixing nano-insulating powder, nano-UV shielding powder, dispersant, silane coupling agent and deionized water in proportion and then dispersing by wet method. The coating liquid is obtained by mixing and formulating nano-functional slurry with aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion, aluminum sol and functional additives. A coating process is used to apply a coating liquid to the surface of a glass substrate; The finished coating is obtained through leveling, curing, and post-treatment.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation steps of the nanofunctional slurry are as follows: The composite functional powder, dispersant, silane coupling agent and deionized water are mixed, and the solid content is controlled at 30%-40%; Add zirconia grinding beads at a ratio of 1:1.5 and grind at 2000-2500 rpm for 8-12 hours. Control the slurry particle size D90≤50nm, filter it through a 200-mesh filter and seal it for later use.

[0013] Preferably, the glass substrate pretreatment step is as follows: First, use a neutral detergent to ultrasonically clean for 10-15 minutes to remove oil and dust; After rinsing with deionized water, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol; Dry at 60-80℃ for 10-15 minutes; Optional plasma treatment for 30-60 seconds can be used to make the surface energy of the substrate ≥45mN / m.

[0014] Preferably, the coating liquid preparation and coating steps are as follows: First, stir the aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol at 500 rpm for 5 minutes; Slowly add the nano-functional slurry and stir at 800 rpm for 10 minutes; Add the functional additives in sequence and stir at 1000 rpm for 15 minutes; Adjust the viscosity of the coating liquid to 25-35s (25℃) in a Cotton Cup 4, filter it through a 100-200 mesh filter, and let it stand for 10-20 minutes to remove bubbles; Control the wet film thickness to 25-50μm during coating.

[0015] Preferably, the curing and post-treatment steps are as follows: Choose one of the following curing processes: room temperature curing (leveling at 25℃ for 10 min, then naturally curing for 24 h), low temperature curing (baking at 60-80℃ for 30-60 min), or UV curing (irradiation with 300-500 mJ / cm² energy for 30-60 s). The factory uses a roller coating process for mass production, with a speed of 3-5 m / min; On-site application uses either scraping or spraying techniques. Irregularly shaped glass is produced using a spraying process with a spraying pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. After curing, the product undergoes visual inspection and spectral performance testing.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a heat-insulating and ultraviolet-insulating coating for glass and its preparation method, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, which uses a ternary composite functional powder of cesium tungsten bronze, ATO and rutile TiO2 to achieve synergistic effects of near-infrared high-efficiency heat insulation and full-band ultraviolet shielding, with balanced visible light transmittance and photothermal blocking performance, and no obvious haze.

[0017] 2. A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, wherein an inorganic-organic hybrid film-forming system is constructed by water-based fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol, and the interface is modified by silane coupling agent, which greatly improves the coating hardness, adhesion, water resistance and aging resistance, and overcomes the defects of pure organic coatings being prone to yellowing and pure inorganic coatings being brittle.

[0018] 3. A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, wherein the nano-functional slurry is milled at 2000-2500 rpm for 8-12 hours, the particle size is controlled to D90≤50nm, the dispersion stability is excellent, and the decrease in light transmittance caused by the agglomeration of nano-powder is avoided.

[0019] 4. A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, which is compatible with three processes: room temperature curing, low temperature baking and UV curing. The coating methods include roller coating, spraying and scraping. It can be mass-produced in factories or used for on-site glass renovation, and has a high degree of construction flexibility.

[0020] 5. A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, which adopts an aqueous solvent-free system, has low VOC emissions, and is environmentally compliant; it does not require large-scale vacuum equipment, has low energy consumption and controllable cost, and its cost-effectiveness is significantly better than vacuum coating products after large-scale production.

[0021] 6. A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, wherein core-shell structured powder and multi-layer composite structure can be selected to further improve the coating's weather resistance and wear resistance, while also having hydrophobic self-cleaning function and extending the coating's service life. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass and its preparation method, comprising a film-forming system, a composite functional powder system, and functional additives; The film-forming system is a hybrid system of aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol; The composite functional powder system includes nano heat-insulating powder and nano ultraviolet shielding powder. The nano heat-insulating powder is a composite system of cesium tungsten bronze and ATO, and the nano ultraviolet shielding powder is rutile TiO2. The functional additives include dispersants, silane coupling agents, leveling agents, defoamers, and film-forming aids; The coating forms a dense film layer through the synergistic action of its components, achieving both heat insulation and UV protection functions.

[0024] The specific steps of the preparation method are as follows: The glass substrate undergoes cleaning, drying, and optional activation treatment; Nano-functional slurry is prepared by mixing nano-insulating powder, nano-UV shielding powder, dispersant, silane coupling agent and deionized water in proportion and then dispersing by wet method. The coating liquid is obtained by mixing and formulating nano-functional slurry with aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion, aluminum sol and functional additives. A coating process is used to apply a coating liquid to the surface of a glass substrate; The finished coating is obtained through leveling, curing, and post-treatment. Example 1

[0025] 1. Coating composition (parts by weight) 55 parts of water-based fluorinated acrylate emulsion, 10 parts of aluminum sol, and 0.8 parts of silane coupling agent KH-5700; Nano-insulating powder: 6 parts cesium tungsten bronze, 4 parts ATO; Nano-UV shielding powder: 3 parts rutile TiO2; 1.2 parts polyacrylate dispersant, 3 parts alcohol ester dodecyl film-forming aid, 0.5 parts acrylate leveling agent, 0.3 parts polyether modified siloxane defoamer; 40 parts deionized water.

[0026] 2. Preparation method (1) Pretreatment of glass substrate: ultrasonic cleaning of glass with neutral cleaning agent for 12 min, rinsing with deionized water, wiping the surface with anhydrous ethanol, drying at 70℃ for 12 min, plasma treatment for 40 s, and the surface energy of the substrate is ≥45mN / m. (2) Preparation of nano-functional slurry: The composite functional powder, dispersant, KH-570 and deionized water are mixed, the solid content is controlled at 35%, zirconia grinding beads are added (bead ratio 1:1.5), and the mixture is sand-milled at 2200 rpm for 10 h. The particle size of the slurry is controlled at D90≤50nm, and then filtered through a 200-mesh filter for later use. (3) Coating liquid preparation: Stir the water-based fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol at 500 rpm for 5 min, slowly add the nano-functional slurry, stir at 800 rpm for 10 min, add the functional additives in sequence, stir at 1000 rpm for 15 min, adjust the viscosity of the coating liquid to 30 s (25℃) of the Forecast-4 cup, filter through a 150 mesh filter, and let stand for 15 min to remove bubbles; (4) Coating and curing: Roller coating process was adopted, with a coating speed of 4m / min, a wet film thickness of 35μm, leveling at room temperature for 10min, baking at 70℃ for 45min, and the finished coating was obtained after cooling. Example 2

[0027] 1. Coating composition (parts by weight) 60 parts of water-based fluorinated acrylate emulsion, 12 parts of aluminum sol, and 0.8 parts of silane coupling agent KH-570; The composition includes 5 parts of core-shell structured cesium tungsten bronze@SiO2, 3 parts of ATO, 3 parts of core-shell structured rutile TiO2@SiO2, 0.3 parts of graphene, and 0.6 parts of ultraviolet absorber UV-531. The types and amounts of other additives are the same as in Example 1.

[0028] 2. Preparation method The substrate pretreatment, nano-slurry preparation, and coating liquid preparation steps are the same as in Example 1; The coating is applied using a spraying process with a spraying pressure of 0.4 MPa and a wet film thickness of 30 μm. After leveling, UV curing is performed with a curing energy of 400 mJ / cm² and an irradiation time of 45 s to obtain the finished coating. Example 3

[0029] 1. Coating composition and structure The coating has a multi-layer composite structure: a bottom SiO2 adhesion layer (40nm thick), a middle heat-insulating ultraviolet functional layer (composition same as in Example 1, 20μm thick), and a top fluorosilicone modified wear-resistant layer (8μm thick). The amount of functional components and additives added is the same as in Example 1.

[0030] 2. Preparation method The substrate pretreatment, nano-slurry preparation, and coating liquid preparation steps are the same as in Example 1; Apply the base layer, intermediate layer, and top layer in sequence. After each layer is applied, allow it to level for 5 minutes. Then cure at room temperature and allow it to stand at 25°C for 24 hours to form a multi-layer composite coating.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 (Traditional Organic Coating) Solvent-based acrylic resin was used as the film-forming matrix, and organic ultraviolet absorber UV-327 and infrared absorbing dye were added. The mixture was dispersed by conventional stirring and then baked at 80°C for 30 minutes after spraying to form a film.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 (Vacuum magnetron sputtering Low-E coating) Utilizing an offline dual-silver magnetron sputtering process, with a vacuum level ≤5×10⁻⁶. -3 Pa, **180℃** high temperature curing to form a film.

[0033] Comparative Example 3 (Single Nano ATO Coating) Aqueous acrylic emulsion was used as the film-forming matrix, and only nano-ATO was added as the functional powder. No cesium tungsten bronze or aluminum sol was added. The preparation process was the same as in Example 1.

[0034] Performance Test Comparison Table

[0035] The performance data comparison between the three sets of embodiments of the present invention and the three sets of comparative examples of the prior art shows that the present technology has achieved a comprehensive upgrade and key breakthrough in the five core dimensions of optical performance, mechanical performance, weather resistance and durability, construction adaptability and preparation cost, and completely solves the industry pain points of traditional coatings such as "mutual incompatibility between light transmission and heat insulation, difficulty in balancing weather resistance and wear resistance, limited construction and high cost".

[0036] Compared to the core upgrades and breakthroughs of existing technologies Breakthrough in optical performance: High light transmittance and high-efficiency barrier achieved simultaneously The embodiments of this invention exhibit a visible light transmittance of ≥78%, an ultraviolet light blocking rate of ≥99%, and a near-infrared light blocking rate of ≥92%. Compared to traditional organic coatings (near-infrared blocking rate of only 65%) and single nano-ATO coatings (near-infrared blocking rate of 70% and ultraviolet blocking rate of 85%), the heat insulation and ultraviolet blocking performance are significantly improved. Compared to vacuum Low-E coatings, with comparable visible light transmittance, the ultraviolet and near-infrared blocking rates are superior, achieving a performance balance of high transmittance and efficient shielding across the entire wavelength range.

[0037] Upgraded mechanical properties: superior hardness and adhesion The coating has a pencil hardness of 2H-3H and a cross-cut adhesion rating of 0, which is far superior to traditional organic coatings (HB, 2nd grade) and single nano coatings (H, 1st grade). It solves the defects of pure organic coatings being too soft and easy to scratch, and pure inorganic coatings being brittle and having poor adhesion. The film is dense, stable, wear-resistant and scratch-resistant.

[0038] Breakthrough in weather resistance: Significantly extended outdoor service life The embodiment has a resistance to artificial aging of 1500-2000h, which is 3-5 times that of traditional organic coatings (400h) and far exceeds that of single nano coatings (800h), and is on par with the weather resistance of vacuum Low-E coatings; the inorganic-organic hybrid system fundamentally improves the problems of yellowing, chalking and peeling of coatings, and is suitable for long-term outdoor use.

[0039] Breakthrough in construction flexibility: Compatibility between factory production and on-site renovation This invention is adaptable to roller coating / spraying / scraping coating, supports curing in multiple modes including room temperature / low temperature / UV, and can be realized in both large-scale factory production and on-site renovation of old glass; while vacuum Low-E coating can only be prepared in factory vacuum equipment and cannot be applied on-site, which greatly limits its application scenarios.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass, characterized in that, This includes film-forming systems, composite functional powder systems, and functional additives; The film-forming system is a hybrid system of aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol; The composite functional powder system includes nano heat-insulating powder and nano ultraviolet shielding powder. The nano heat-insulating powder is a composite system of cesium tungsten bronze and ATO, and the nano ultraviolet shielding powder is rutile TiO2. The functional additives include dispersants, silane coupling agents, leveling agents, defoamers, and film-forming aids; The coating forms a dense film layer through the synergistic action of its components, achieving both heat insulation and UV protection functions.

2. The heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition of the film-forming system is as follows: 50-65 parts by weight of water-based fluorinated acrylate emulsion, 5-15 parts by weight of aluminum sol; The silane coupling agent is KH-570, and the addition amount is 0.5-1 parts by weight; The total amount of the composite functional powder system added is 5-23 parts by weight, of which the weight ratio of nano heat insulation powder to nano ultraviolet shielding powder is (3-12):(2-5).

3. The heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating also includes: Graphene, 0.1-0.6 parts by weight, works synergistically with nano-insulating powder; UV absorber UV-327 or UV-531, added at a rate of 0.3-1 parts by weight; The nano-functional powder adopts a core-shell structure, with the core being cesium tungsten bronze or rutile TiO2 and the outer shell being SiO2, with a shell thickness of 5-10 nm.

4. The heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating has a multi-layer composite structure: The bottom layer is a SiO2 adhesion layer with a thickness of 30-50nm; The middle layer is a heat-insulating ultraviolet functional layer with a thickness of 15-30μm; The top layer is a fluorosilicone modified wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 5-10μm; The coating has a visible light transmittance of ≥78%, a near-infrared blocking rate of ≥92%, and an ultraviolet blocking rate of ≥99%.

5. The heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific parameters of the functional additive are as follows: The dispersant is a polyacrylate, and the addition amount is 5%-10% of the total weight of the composite functional powder; The film-forming aid is dodecyl alcohol ester, added at 2-4 parts by weight; The leveling agent is an acrylic ester, and the addition amount is 0.3-0.8 parts by weight; The defoamer is a polyether-modified siloxane, and the addition amount is 0.2-0.5 parts by weight.

6. A method for preparing a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The glass substrate undergoes cleaning, drying, and optional activation treatment; Nano-functional slurry is prepared by mixing nano-insulating powder, nano-UV shielding powder, dispersant, silane coupling agent and deionized water in proportion and then dispersing by wet method. The coating liquid is obtained by mixing and formulating nano-functional slurry with aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion, aluminum sol and functional additives. A coating process is used to apply a coating liquid to the surface of a glass substrate; The finished coating is obtained through leveling, curing, and post-treatment.

7. The method for preparing a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the nanofunctional slurry are as follows: The composite functional powder, dispersant, silane coupling agent and deionized water are mixed, and the solid content is controlled at 30%-40%; Add zirconia grinding beads at a ratio of 1:1.5 and grind at 2000-2500 rpm for 8-12 hours. Control the slurry particle size D90≤50nm, filter it through a 200-mesh filter and seal it for later use.

8. The method for preparing a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The glass substrate pretreatment step is as follows: First, use a neutral detergent to ultrasonically clean for 10-15 minutes to remove oil and dust; After rinsing with deionized water, wipe the surface with anhydrous ethanol; Dry at 60-80℃ for 10-15 minutes; Optional plasma treatment for 30-60 seconds can be used to make the surface energy of the substrate ≥45mN / m.

9. The method for preparing a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The coating liquid preparation and coating steps are as follows: First, stir the aqueous fluorinated acrylate emulsion and aluminum sol at 500 rpm for 5 minutes; Slowly add the nano-functional slurry and stir at 800 rpm for 10 minutes; Add the functional additives in sequence and stir at 1000 rpm for 15 minutes; Adjust the viscosity of the coating liquid to 25-35s (25℃) in a Cotton Cup 4, filter it through a 100-200 mesh filter, and let it stand for 10-20 minutes to remove bubbles; Control the wet film thickness to 25-50μm during coating.

10. The method for preparing a heat-insulating and UV-blocking coating for glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The curing and post-treatment steps are as follows: Choose one of the following curing processes: room temperature curing (leveling at 25℃ for 10 min, then naturally curing for 24 h), low temperature curing (baking at 60-80℃ for 30-60 min), or UV curing (irradiation with 300-500 mJ / cm² energy for 30-60 s). The factory uses a roller coating process for mass production, with a speed of 3-5 m / min; On-site application uses either scraping or spraying techniques. Irregularly shaped glass is produced using a spraying process with a spraying pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa. After curing, the product undergoes visual inspection and spectral performance testing.

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