A water power self-adaptive regulation and control type farmland drainage channel system and an ecological reconstruction method thereof

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of agricultural non-point source pollution control and agricultural irrigation and drainage technology, specifically relating to a hydrodynamically adaptive control type agricultural drainage system and its ecological transformation method. The hydrodynamically adaptive control type agricultural drainage system provided by this invention includes a rigid drainage ditch and an adaptive ecological purification component installed within the rigid drainage ditch. The adaptive ecological purification component includes a bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module and a sidewall capillary ecological wing module. The bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch, and the sidewall capillary ecological wing module is located above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch. The hydrodynamically adaptive control type agricultural drainage system of this invention can adapt to both intermittent water flow and torrential rain flooding conditions in agricultural drainage ditches, while also considering pollutant interception and plant growth needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of farmland non-point source pollution control and agricultural irrigation and drainage technology, specifically involving a hydrodynamic adaptive regulation type farmland drainage system and its ecological transformation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most farmland (especially high-standard farmland) construction uses concrete trapezoidal or rectangular rigid drainage ditches. While these ditches meet the need for rapid drainage, the hardened ditches lack sufficient ecological buffer space, allowing nitrogen, phosphorus, and pesticide residues in farmland runoff to be discharged directly into receiving water bodies without interception, causing non-point source pollution in the watershed. To ecologically transform these rigid drainage ditches, existing technologies often employ measures such as directly laying ecological mats on the bottom of the ditches, setting up planting troughs, filling with ecological substrate, or locally installing water-retaining structures. However, this traditional bottom-laying approach has certain problems. For example, ecological facilities on the bottom of the ditches can easily occupy the water flow cross-section, potentially affecting drainage capacity under heavy rain conditions; during the flood season, the water flow in farmland drainage ditches is rapid, and the loose substrate or plants laid on the bottom of the ditches are easily displaced, lost, or damaged under high-velocity water flow conditions; farmland drainage ditches typically have intermittent water flow characteristics, with less water or even drying up during non-drainage periods, resulting in a low survival rate for plants directly planted on the bottom of the ditches. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrodynamically adaptive farmland drainage system and its ecological transformation method. The hydrodynamically adaptive farmland drainage system of this invention can adapt to the intermittent water flow and flood discharge conditions of farmland drainage, while also taking into account the needs of pollutant interception and plant growth.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system includes a rigid drainage ditch and an adaptive ecological purification component installed within the rigid drainage ditch. The adaptive ecological purification component includes a bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module and a sidewall capillary ecological wing module. The bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch, and the sidewall capillary ecological wing module is installed above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch.

[0005] Preferably, the bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module includes a permeable bottom shell, a heavy adsorption matrix filled in the permeable bottom shell, and a plurality of elastic flow-disrupting elements disposed on the top of the permeable bottom shell. One end of the elastic flow-disrupting element is connected to the permeable bottom shell, and the other end is a free end extending upward.

[0006] Preferably, the permeable bottom shell is a flat shell structure with through holes on the upper surface and the lower surface fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage channel; the thickness of the permeable bottom shell is 5 to 10% of the height of the rigid drainage channel.

[0007] Preferably, the heavy adsorption matrix includes one or more of steel slag, zeolite, volcanic rock, gravel, and ceramsite.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic baffle is a flat elastic material, and the elastic baffle is spaced apart along the length and / or width of the rigid drainage channel.

[0009] Preferably, the sidewall capillary ecological wing module includes a planting shell, a planting substrate disposed within the planting shell, plants planted in the planting substrate, and a capillary water guide, one end of which is buried in the planting substrate and the other end extends downward below the water surface in the hard drainage ditch.

[0010] Preferably, the capillary water-guiding element is a rope-shaped, strip-shaped, or bundle-shaped hydrophilic fiber material, and the outer surface of the capillary water-guiding element is provided with a protective sleeve layer.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom and / or sides of the planting shell are provided with water permeable holes and / or overflow holes; the plant is an emergent plant, a wetland plant or a semi-wetland plant.

[0012] This invention provides a method for ecologically modifying rigid drainage ditches to form the hydrodynamically adaptive and controllable farmland drainage system described in the above-mentioned technical solution, comprising the following steps: Clean the bottom of the hard drainage ditch; The bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch; The sidewall capillary ecosphere module is positioned above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the channel using anchors and / or structural adhesive; the sidewall capillary ecological wing module is detachably connected to the sidewall of the rigid drainage channel via a sliding rail structure, a hanging structure, or a bolt connection structure.

[0014] The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system provided by this invention, by fixing a bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module at the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch, ensures that the adsorption substrate can be fixed at the bottom of the ditch under heavy rain or high-velocity water flow conditions, avoiding being washed away or damaged by the water flow, while allowing it to fully contact the water flow and adsorb pollutants in the farmland runoff; by setting the sidewall capillary ecological wing module above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch, the probability of plant roots and planting substrate being directly washed by high-speed water flow is reduced, avoiding damage to plants under heavy rain or high-velocity water flow conditions, while also being able to adapt to the intermittent water flow of the farmland drainage ditch and meet the plant growth needs.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module of the present invention is equipped with an elastic flow-disrupting element, which can increase the contact opportunity between the water flow and the adsorption substrate under normal drainage conditions. Under higher flow velocity conditions, the elastic flow-disrupting element can bend with the flow, thereby reducing the impact on the water passage section. The side wall capillary ecological wing module of the present invention introduces the water at the bottom of the channel into the planting substrate through the capillary water guiding element, providing water replenishment conditions for the survival of plants during the non-drainage period.

[0016] The ecological transformation method provided by this invention, through modular design, facilitates installation, disassembly, and maintenance within existing rigid drainage ditches. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention under normal drainage conditions; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention under high flow velocity drainage conditions; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sidewall capillary eco-wing module of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a plan view of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an implementation diagram of the ecological transformation of the hydrodynamic adaptive regulation type farmland drainage system of the present invention; Among them, 1-permeable bottom shell, 2-heavy adsorption substrate, 3-elastic flow disturbance component, 4-planting shell, 5-planting substrate, 6-plant, 7-capillary water guiding component, 8-bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module, and 9-side wall capillary ecological wing module. Detailed Implementation

[0018] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, all raw materials / components used in the preparation are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

[0019] This invention provides a hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system, including a rigid drainage ditch and an adaptive ecological purification component installed within the rigid drainage ditch. The adaptive ecological purification component includes a bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module and a sidewall capillary ecological wing module. The bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch, and the sidewall capillary ecological wing module is installed above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch.

[0020] The adaptive ecological purification component of the present invention includes a bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module. In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module includes a permeable bottom shell, a heavy adsorption matrix filled within the permeable bottom shell, and a plurality of elastic flow-disrupting elements disposed on the top of the permeable bottom shell. One end of each elastic flow-disrupting element is connected to the permeable bottom shell, and the other end is a free end extending upwards.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the permeable bottom shell is a flat shell structure, including upper and lower surfaces. The upper surface is provided with through holes, which can be round holes, strip holes, or mesh holes. The diameter of the through holes is 5-20 mm. The through holes are distributed on the upper surface of the permeable bottom shell, and the spacing between the through holes is 20-50 mm, which facilitates the water flow to fully contact the heavy adsorption matrix inside the permeable bottom shell during drainage, which is beneficial to the adsorption of pollutants. The lower surface is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage channel to prevent the heavy adsorption matrix from shifting or being lost under high flow velocity conditions. The thickness of the permeable bottom shell is 5-10% of the height of the rigid drainage channel to avoid the permeable bottom shell occupying the water passage cross section and affecting the drainage capacity under heavy rain drainage conditions.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heavy adsorption matrix includes one or more of steel slag, zeolite, volcanic rock, gravel, and ceramsite; the particle size of the heavy adsorption matrix is ​​10-30 mm, and in this invention, the particle size of the heavy adsorption matrix is ​​larger than the pore size of the through holes; when multiple heavy adsorption matrices are used, they can be mixed and filled, layered and filled, or filled in sections along the water flow direction; the overall specific gravity of the heavy adsorption matrix is ​​greater than that of water under saturated conditions. The present invention uses a heavy adsorption matrix to adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland runoff from drainage ditches.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the elastic baffle is a flat elastic material. The structure of the elastic baffle can further be strip-shaped or sheet-shaped, specifically fin-shaped. The material of the elastic baffle can further be an elastic polymer material or an elastic composite material, specifically rubber. The height of the elastic baffle is no more than 30% of the height of the rigid drainage channel. The width of the elastic baffle is 50-150 mm, and the thickness is 5-10 mm. The elastic baffles are spaced apart along the length and / or width direction of the rigid drainage channel, with a spacing of 50-300 mm between them. The root of the elastic baffle is connected to the permeable bottom shell, specifically to the fixing seat or connecting part of the permeable bottom shell. The free end of the elastic baffle extends upwards towards the water flow, allowing the elastic baffle to remain upright or tilted in a flow-blocking state under low flow velocity conditions, and to bend or lie flat along the water flow direction under high flow velocity conditions, thereby reducing obstruction to the water flow cross-section.

[0024] The adaptive ecological purification component of this invention includes a sidewall capillary ecological wing module. In one embodiment, the sidewall capillary ecological wing module includes a planting shell, a planting substrate disposed within the planting shell, plants planted in the planting substrate, and a capillary water-guiding element. One end of the capillary water-guiding element is buried in the planting substrate, and the other end extends downwards below the water surface in the rigid drainage ditch, specifically at the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch or in contact with the bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module. This invention places plants on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch to improve ecological diversity.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom and / or side of the planting shell are provided with permeable holes and / or overflow holes. The permeable holes are located at the bottom or lower part of the side wall of the planting shell for daily water exchange; the overflow holes are located at the higher part of the side wall of the planting shell for draining water when the water level exceeds a preset level. The water level in the planting shell is controlled by the permeable holes and overflow holes to prevent the plant roots from being submerged or lacking water for a long time.

[0026] As one embodiment of the present invention, the planting substrate includes one or more of garden soil, humus, peat moss, coconut coir, biochar, and decomposed organic matter.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plant is an emergent plant, a wetland plant, or a semi-wetland plant, specifically including water onion and / or umbrella sedge; the plant is tolerant of moisture, drought, or poor soil, easy to survive, and highly adaptable. The plant is planted intermittently in the planting shell, with 5 to 8 plants planted in each planting shell.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the capillary water-conducting component is a rope-like, strip-like, or bundle-like hydrophilic fiber material, and the material of the capillary water-conducting component can be hydrophilic polyester fiber; the diameter of the capillary water-conducting component is 8~12mm. The present invention uses the capillary water-conducting component to guide water from the bottom of the channel into the planting substrate, providing water replenishment conditions for plant survival during the non-drainage period; the outer surface of the capillary water-conducting component is provided with a protective sleeve layer, which is an anti-winding protective layer to prevent the capillary water-conducting component from being affected by entanglement in water absorption and conduction.

[0029] This invention provides a method for ecologically modifying rigid drainage ditches to form the hydrodynamically adaptive and controllable farmland drainage system described in the above-mentioned technical solution, comprising the following steps: Clean the bottom of the hard drainage ditch; The bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch; The sidewall capillary ecosphere module is positioned above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch.

[0030] This invention cleans the bottom of rigid drainage ditches. The cleaning process is not specifically limited; conventional methods in the field can be used. This invention removes silt, debris, and loose attached materials through cleaning.

[0031] The present invention fixes the bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch, which may specifically include: filling the permeable bottom shell with a heavy adsorption matrix; connecting one end of the elastic turbulence member to the permeable bottom shell, and extending upwards with the other end as a free end, and setting them at intervals along the length and / or width direction of the rigid drainage ditch.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom hydrodynamic control and purification module is fixed to the bottom of the channel using anchors and / or structural adhesive; the length of each bottom hydrodynamic control and purification module is 1-2m; the bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules are laid in sections along the length of the hard drainage channel bottom, with adjacent bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules in each section spliced ​​end to end or spaced apart; the splicing length of the bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules is 15-20m, and the length of the bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules does not exceed 30% of the total length of the hard drainage channel.

[0033] The present invention sets the sidewall capillary ecological wing module above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch. Specifically, it may include: filling the planting shell with planting substrate and planting plants; burying one end of the capillary water guide in the planting substrate and extending the other end downward to below the water surface in the rigid drainage ditch.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sidewall capillary ecowing module is detachably connected to the rigid drainage ditch sidewall via a slide rail structure, a hanging structure, or a bolt connection structure. Preferably, it includes a fixing structure for installing the sidewall capillary ecowing module above the normal water level of the rigid drainage ditch sidewall, and the sidewall capillary ecowing module is installed on the fixing structure. The installation height of the sidewall capillary ecowing module is adjusted according to the position of the normal water level of the rigid drainage ditch.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper end of the capillary water guide is buried in the planting substrate for 8-12cm; the lower end is immersed in the bottom of the drainage ditch, in the area of ​​the constantly flowing water, stagnant water or moist substrate, and can be located at the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch or at the position in contact with the bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module, with an immersion depth of 18-22cm.

[0036] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments thereof. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 The diagram shows the cross-sectional structure of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention under normal drainage conditions. The elastic flow-blocking component in the bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module is kept upright or tilted to block the flow. Among them, 1-permeable bottom shell, 2-heavy adsorption substrate, 3-elastic flow-blocking component, 4-planting shell, 5-planting substrate, 6-plant, 7-capillary water guiding component.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention under high flow velocity drainage conditions; the elastic turbulence element in the bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module bends or lies flat along the water flow direction; wherein, 1-permeable bottom shell, 2-heavy adsorption substrate, 3-elastic turbulence element, 4-planting shell, 5-planting substrate, 6-plant, 7-capillary water guiding element.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sidewall capillary ecological wing module of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention. One end of the capillary water guide is buried in the planting substrate and leads out from the side of the planting shell, while the other end extends downward to below the water surface in the hard drainage ditch. In this diagram, 4-planting shell, 5-planting substrate, 6-plant, and 7-capillary water guide.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a plan view of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention. In the diagram, 2 is the heavy adsorption substrate, 3 is the elastic flow disruptor, 5 is the planting substrate, 6 is the plant, 8 is the bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module, and 9 is the sidewall capillary ecological wing module.

[0041] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention. In the diagram, 2 represents the heavy adsorption matrix, 3 represents the elastic flow disruptor, and 8 represents the bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module.

[0042] Figure 6 This is an implementation diagram of the ecological transformation of the hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system of the present invention. The transformation section is equipped with an adaptive ecological purification component, and the length of the transformation section is 10~15m.

[0043] Example 1 S1. Clean the bottom of the hard drainage ditch to remove silt, debris and loose attached materials; S2. A heavy adsorption matrix (a mixture of steel slag, zeolite, and volcanic rock) is filled into the permeable bottom shell. The particle size of the heavy adsorption matrix is ​​10-30 mm. Circular through holes are distributed on the upper surface of the permeable bottom shell. The diameter of the circular through holes is 5-20 mm, and the spacing between the circular through holes is 20-50 mm. The root of the fin-shaped rubber sheet is connected to the fixing seat of the permeable bottom shell. The fin-shaped rubber sheet has a height of 200 mm, a width of 100 mm, and a thickness of 5 mm. The spacing between the fin-shaped rubber sheets is 200 mm. The free end of the fin-shaped rubber sheet extends upward to obtain the bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module. S3. The bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules are fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch using anchors. Each bottom hydrodynamic control and purification module has an independent length of 1-2m. The bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules are laid in sections along the length of the rigid drainage ditch bottom. Adjacent bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules in each section are spliced ​​end to end, and the splicing length of the bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules is 15-20m. The length of the bottom hydrodynamic control and purification modules does not exceed 30% of the total length of the rigid drainage ditch. S4. Fill the planting shell with biochar and plant water onion and umbrella grass at intervals, 5-8 plants per shell. Use hydrophilic polyester fiber rope with a diameter of 10mm as a capillary water guide. One end is buried 10cm in the planting substrate, and the other end extends downward to 20cm below the water surface in the hard drainage ditch. The lower end of the capillary water guide is immersed in the area of ​​the constantly flowing water, stagnant water or moist substrate at the bottom of the hard drainage ditch. Four ropes are buried in each planting shell to obtain the side wall capillary ecological wing module. S5. Install a fixed structure above the normal water level on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch, and install the sidewall capillary ecological wing module on the fixed structure; thus obtaining a hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage ditch system.

[0044] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrodynamically adaptive control type farmland drainage system, comprising a rigid drainage ditch and an adaptive ecological purification component disposed within the rigid drainage ditch, wherein the adaptive ecological purification component comprises a bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module and a sidewall capillary ecological wing module; the bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch, and the sidewall capillary ecological wing module is disposed above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch.

2. The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module includes a permeable bottom shell, a heavy adsorption matrix filled in the permeable bottom shell, and a plurality of elastic flow-disrupting elements disposed on the top of the permeable bottom shell. One end of each elastic flow-disrupting element is connected to the permeable bottom shell, and the other end is a free end extending upward.

3. The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The permeable bottom shell is a flat shell structure with through holes on the upper surface and the lower surface fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage channel; the thickness of the permeable bottom shell is 5 to 10% of the height of the rigid drainage channel.

4. The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heavy adsorption matrix includes one or more of steel slag, zeolite, volcanic rock, gravel, and ceramsite.

5. The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic baffle is a flat elastic material, and the elastic baffle is spaced apart along the length and / or width of the rigid drainage channel.

6. The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall capillary ecological wing module includes a planting shell, a planting substrate disposed within the planting shell, plants planted in the planting substrate, and a capillary water guide. One end of the capillary water guide is buried in the planting substrate, and the other end extends downward to below the water surface in the hard drainage ditch.

7. The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The capillary water-guiding element is made of rope-shaped, strip-shaped, or bundle-shaped hydrophilic fiber material, and a protective sleeve is provided on the outer surface of the capillary water-guiding element.

8. The hydrodynamic adaptive control type farmland drainage system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom and / or sides of the planting shell are provided with water-permeable holes and / or overflow holes; the plant is an emergent plant, a wetland plant or a semi-wetland plant.

9. A method for ecologically transforming rigid drainage ditches into a hydrodynamically adaptive and controllable farmland drainage system as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps: Clean the bottom of the hard drainage ditch; The bottom hydrodynamic regulation water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the rigid drainage ditch; The sidewall capillary ecosphere module is positioned above the normal water level line on the sidewall of the rigid drainage ditch.

10. The ecological transformation method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bottom hydrodynamic control water purification module is fixed to the bottom of the channel using anchors and / or structural adhesive; the side wall capillary ecological wing module is detachably connected to the side wall of the rigid drainage channel through a sliding rail structure, hanging structure or bolt connection structure.

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