A self-drilling type lateral pressure spinning touch in-situ testing instrument and test method

Abstract

This application discloses a self-drilling pressure-side spin cone penetration test (PCP) in-situ testing instrument and method, comprising: a pressure-side section, a drill rod connected to one end of the pressure-side section, and a drilling section connected to the other end of the pressure-side section; the pressure-side section includes a section body, a pressure tube, and a pressure-side diaphragm, the pressure-side diaphragm having an inner cavity, and the pressure tube communicating with the inner cavity; the drilling section includes a drilling bit, a spin cone bit, and a telescopic rod, the drilling bit having a cavity, and the telescopic rod driving the spin cone bit to rotate and extend out of the cavity. This self-drilling pressure-side spin cone penetration test instrument can simultaneously satisfy the functions of drilling, pressure-side testing, and spin cone penetration testing, improving the testing efficiency of in-situ testing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of in-situ testing experimental devices, specifically relating to a self-drilling side-pressure spin penetration in-situ testing instrument and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Deep overburden layers are widely distributed in rivers both domestically and internationally, and are particularly prominent in the mountainous rivers of southwestern my country, typically reaching tens of meters in depth, and in some cases even hundreds of meters. Construction on these deep overburden layers is increasingly common. With the rapid advancement of hydropower development in western China, the challenges of construction on these layers are becoming increasingly prominent. Determining the mechanical properties of the overburden and fully utilizing it is one of the key technologies for construction in areas with deep overburden. Compared to laboratory tests, in-situ testing offers advantages such as the ability to determine relevant engineering mechanical properties of soil samples that are difficult to obtain without disturbing them, avoiding the influence of stress release during sampling, and providing a wider range of influence and stronger representativeness.

[0003] The pressuremeter test is an in-situ testing method that applies uniform stress to the surrounding soil by expanding an elastic diaphragm in a borehole using a pressuremeter instrument until the soil wall undergoes radial displacement and eventually fails. The relationship between the pressure in the elastic diaphragm and the radial deformation of the failed soil is then determined, ultimately yielding mechanical parameters such as soil strength and deformation modulus. However, it is not suitable for hard soils or gravelly soils, is complex to operate, requires pre-drilling, and demands high-quality boreholes, thus having inherent limitations. The self-drilling pressuremeter test uses a self-drilling pressuremeter instrument to drill into the soil under test in real time, causing less disturbance to the soil, and the elastic diaphragm in the pressuremeter instrument makes better contact with the soil, resulting in more accurate data. However, the development of self-drilling pressuremeter instruments in my country has been slow, and the measurement depth is relatively shallow.

[0004] Static cone penetration testing (CPPT) involves pressing a cone-shaped probe into the soil at a constant rate under static pressure, measuring its penetration resistance (including cone resistance and sidewall friction or friction ratio), and classifying the soil layers according to the magnitude of the resistance to determine the soil's engineering properties. In practical applications, it suffers from drawbacks such as being easily blocked in hard soil layers and having limited dynamic force, making it suitable only for shallow or soft soil layers. Rotary cone penetration testing (CCPT), on the other hand, is an in-situ testing method where a standard-sized cone-shaped probe is pressed into the soil at a constant rate under static pressure while simultaneously rotating under an external torque. It offers advantages such as being able to penetrate hard soil layers and reaching deeper test depths.

[0005] Currently, most in-situ testing instruments in China are single-function, and the development of multi-functional integrated instruments is slow. Given the geological conditions of deep overburden layers, there is an urgent need for multi-functional integrated in-situ testing instruments to obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the soil and rock strata with high efficiency, multiple functions, and high precision. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-drilling side-pressure spin penetration test instrument and test method to solve the technical problem that the existing in-situ test instruments cannot realize in-situ testing directly after self-drilling.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application objectives, in a first aspect, this application provides a self-drilling pressure-side spin cone penetration test instrument, comprising: a pressure-side section, a drill rod connected to one end of the pressure-side section, and a drilling section connected to the other end of the pressure-side section; The pressure bypass section includes a section body, a pressure tube, and a pressure bypass diaphragm. The pressure bypass diaphragm is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the section body, and the pressure bypass diaphragm has an inner cavity. The pressure tube communicates with the inner cavity. The drilling section includes a drilling bit, a spinning bit, and a telescopic rod. The drilling bit is connected to the drill rod through the section body. The drilling bit has a cavity for the spinning bit to be positioned and extended. One end of the telescopic rod is connected to the cavity, and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected to the spinning bit. The telescopic rod is used to drive the spinning bit to rotate and extend out of the cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, the segment includes an inner wall and an outer wall sleeved on the inner wall, the pressure diaphragm is connected to the outer wall, one end of the inner wall is fixedly connected to the drill rod, and the other end of the inner wall is fixedly connected to the drilling bit.

[0009] Furthermore, a bearing is fitted onto the inner wall between the inner wall and the outer wall.

[0010] Furthermore, the pressurization pipe includes a pressurization air pipe or a pressurization water pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the pressure-relief membrane includes an upper cavity, a middle cavity, and a lower cavity, and the pressurization tube includes a pressurization air tube and a pressurization water tube. The pressurization air tube is connected to the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the pressurization water tube is connected to the middle cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the telescopic rod includes a motor bracket, a hydraulic cylinder, and a stepper motor. The motor bracket is fixedly connected to the cavity, the stepper motor is fixedly connected to the motor bracket, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the stepper motor, and the spinning drill bit is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a data acquisition unit, which includes any one or more of a displacement gauge, a pore water pressure monitoring device, and an acoustic wave testing component, wherein the acoustic wave testing component includes an acoustic wave emitting device and an acoustic wave receiving device.

[0014] Secondly, this application also provides an in-situ testing method, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Assemble the self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in situ test instrument; Step S2: Drilling is performed using a self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetration tester. The drill rod drives the drill bit to rotate and drill to the predetermined depth. Step S3: Control the rotation of the spun drill bit by means of the telescopic rod and extend it out of the cavity to the specified stroke to rotate and press the soil outside the cavity. Collect the operation data of the telescopic rod and upload it to the ground through the communication connection with the ground to obtain the data of the rotation speed, penetration rate, rotational penetration resistance and rotational torque of the spun drill bit, so as to realize the spun penetration test. Step S4: Inject fluid into the inner cavity of the pressure-side membrane through the pressurization pipe to pressurize it. After the soil deforms and fails, terminate the pressure-side test. Upload the pressure data of the fluid and the volume data of the injected fluid during the pressurization process to the ground through the communication connection to the ground to realize the pressure-side test.

[0015] Further, in step S3, the rotational speed of the spinning drill bit is 20~30 r / min, and the penetration rate of the spinning drill bit is 25~35 mm / s.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S4, when pressurizing the inner cavity of the pressure-side membrane, a graded pressurization is adopted, with each grade set to pressurize 25kPa~30kPa within 20s and stabilize for 35s~45s.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following technical effects: This application discloses a self-drilling pressure-side cone penetration test (CPPT) in-situ instrument. During drilling, the pressure-side section, CPPT bit, and telescopic rod are simultaneously introduced into the test hole. Upon reaching a designated depth, high-pressure fluid is introduced from the ground into the inner cavity of the pressure-side membrane via a pressurization pipe, applying pressure to the borehole wall. Pressure data of the high-pressure fluid on the ground is collected to perform pressure-side testing on the borehole. Simultaneously, upon reaching the designated depth, the telescopic rod drives the CPPT bit to rotate and extend it from the cavity of the drilling bit. The CPPT bit then spins at a set rotation speed and penetration rate to the bottom of the borehole. Data on the rotational penetration resistance and rotational torque of the CPPT bit are collected and transmitted to the ground to perform CPPT testing. This instrument simultaneously performs drilling, pressure-side testing, and CPPT testing, improving the efficiency of in-situ testing.

[0018] One method of this application is simple to operate and can achieve self-drilling hole formation while completing self-drilling pressure test and spin-pile penetration test. It can significantly improve the testing efficiency of in-situ testing under deep overburden conditions and save exploration costs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-drilling side-pressure spin penetration tester provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the pressure relief section; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the drilling section; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a self-drilling side-pressure spin penetration tester during spin penetration testing. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a self-drilling pressure-side spin cone in-situ testing instrument during a pressure-side test. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of another telescopic rod provided in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the second stepper motor and the limit guide rail provided in this application.

[0021] The following are the labeling elements in the figure: 1. Pressure bypass section; 11. Section body; 111. Inner wall; 112. Outer wall; 12. Pressurization pipe; 121. Pressurization air pipe; 122. Pressurization water pipe; 13. Pressure bypass membrane; 131. Upper cavity; 132. Middle cavity; 133. Lower cavity; 2. Drill rod; 3. Drilling section; 31. Drilling bit; 311. Cavity; 312. Drilling wall; 313. Adapter; 314. Drill bit end; 32. Spinning drill bit; 33. Telescopic rod; 331. Motor bracket; 332. Hydraulic cylinder; 333. First stepper motor; 334. Rod body; 335. First bracket; 336. Second bracket; 337. Second stepper motor; 338. Limiting guide rail; 4. Bearing; 5. Displacement gauge; 6. Pore water pressure monitoring device; 7. Acoustic wave transmitting device; 8. Acoustic wave receiving device; 9. Data transmission cable. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0023] In this application, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b, and c", can both mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0025] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above processes does not imply the order of execution. Some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0026] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0027] The weights of the relevant components mentioned in the embodiments of this application can refer not only to the specific content of each component, but also to the proportional relationship between the weights of the components. Therefore, any scaling up or down of the content of the relevant components according to the embodiments of this application is within the scope disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Specifically, the mass described in the embodiments of this application can be a well-known unit of mass in the chemical industry, such as µg, mg, g, or kg.

[0028] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, to distinguish objects, such as substances, from one another, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, "first XX" may also be referred to as "second XX," and similarly, "second XX" may also be referred to as "first XX." Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0029] This application provides a self-drilling, pressure-side-fuse penetrometer in-situ testing instrument, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes: a pressure bypass section 1, a drill rod 2 connected to one end of the pressure bypass section 1, and a drilling section 3 connected to the other end of the pressure bypass section 1; the pressure bypass section 1 includes a section body 11, a pressure pipe 12, and a pressure bypass diaphragm 13. The pressure bypass diaphragm 13 is fixedly connected to the outer wall 112 of the section body 11. The pressure bypass diaphragm 13 has an inner cavity, and the pressure pipe 12 is connected to the inner cavity; the drilling section 3 includes a drilling bit 31, a spinning bit 32, and a telescopic rod 33. The drilling bit 31 is connected to the drill rod 2 through the section body 11. The drilling bit 31 has a cavity 311 for the spinning bit 32 to be installed and extended. One end of the telescopic rod 33 is connected to the cavity 311, and the other end of the telescopic rod 33 is connected to the spinning bit 32. The telescopic rod 33 is used to drive the spinning bit 32 to rotate and extend out of the cavity 311.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the section 11 of the pressure-side section 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drill rod 2, and the drilling bit 31 of the drilling section 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the section 11. The drill rod 2 is located at the top of the pressure-side section 1, and the power of the drill rod 2 is transmitted to the drilling bit 31 through the section 11, thereby driving the drilling bit 31 to rotate, which is used to extend the drilling depth and drive the instrument to rotate to form a hole.

[0031] While drilling, the drilling bit 31 simultaneously introduces the pressure bypass section 1, the spinning drill bit 32, and the telescopic rod 33 into the test hole. Upon reaching the designated depth, high-pressure fluid is introduced from the ground into the inner cavity of the pressure bypass membrane 13 via the pressurization pipe 12, applying pressure to the hole wall. Pressure data of the high-pressure fluid on the ground is collected to perform a pressure bypass test on the borehole. Simultaneously, upon reaching the designated depth, the telescopic rod 33 drives the spinning drill bit 32 to rotate and extend it out of the cavity 311 of the drilling bit 31. This allows the spinning drill bit 32 to spin-pile at a set rotation speed and penetration rate to the bottom of the borehole. Data on the rotational penetration resistance and rotational torque of the spinning drill bit 32 are collected and transmitted to the ground to perform a spinning penetration test. This system simultaneously fulfills the functions of drilling, pressure bypass testing, and spinning penetration testing, improving the efficiency of in-situ testing.

[0032] Furthermore, the segment 11 includes an inner wall 111 and an outer wall 112 sleeved on the inner wall 111. The pressure diaphragm 13 is connected to the outer wall 112. One end of the inner wall 111 is fixedly connected to the drill rod 2, and the other end of the inner wall 111 is fixedly connected to the drilling bit 31.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the segment 11 is configured with an inner wall 111 and an outer wall 112, with the outer wall 112 fitted over the outer side of the inner wall 111, allowing the inner wall 111 and outer wall 112 to rotate independently. The pressure-side membrane 13 is an elastic membrane covering the outer wall 112, with its edge sealed to the outer wall 112, forming an inner cavity between the pressure-side membrane 13 and the outer wall 112. The upper end of the inner wall 111 is fixedly connected to the drill rod 2, and the lower end of the inner wall 111 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 31. During drilling, this ensures that the inner wall 111 is rotated while the outer wall 112 remains in its original position, improving the stability of the pressure-side membrane 13 during drilling and reducing wear on the pressure-side membrane 13.

[0034] Furthermore, a bearing 4 is sleeved on the inner wall 111 between the inner wall 111 and the outer wall 112. The bearing 4 can be respectively sleeved on both ends of the inner wall 111 to reduce the friction between the inner wall 111 and the outer wall 112.

[0035] Further, the pressurization pipe 12 includes a pressurized air pipe 121 or a pressurized water pipe 122. In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, either gas or liquid can be used as the medium to transmit pressure. When liquid is used as the medium, it is connected to the inner cavity through pressurized water pipe 122. When gas is used as the medium, it is connected to the inner cavity through pressurized gas pipe 121. When using a self-drilling pressure-side spin cone penetrometer, the pressurized pipe 12 extends from the borehole to the ground, and the pressure value can be read by an instrument on the ground.

[0036] In another alternative embodiment, both gas and liquid can be used simultaneously as the medium to transmit pressure. Specifically, as shown below... Figure 2 As shown, the inner cavity of the pressure-side membrane 13 includes an upper cavity 131, a middle cavity 132, and a lower cavity 133. The pressurization pipe 12 includes a pressurization air pipe 121 and a pressurization water pipe 122. The pressurization air pipe 121 is connected to the upper cavity 131 and the lower cavity 133, and the pressurization water pipe 122 is connected to the middle cavity 132. During the pressure-side test, high-pressure gas is injected into the upper cavity 131 and the lower cavity 133 simultaneously through the pressurization air pipe 121, and high-pressure liquid is injected into the middle cavity 132 through the pressurization water pipe 122. The upper cavity 131 and the lower cavity 133, located at both ends of the middle cavity 132, apply pressure to the sidewall of the borehole while simultaneously squeezing and limiting the two ends of the middle cavity 132, making the pressure applied to the outer wall 112 of the middle cavity 132 more uniform.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3As shown, the drilling bit 31 includes a drilling wall 312, an adapter 313, and a drill bit end 314. The adapter 313 is fixedly connected to one end of the drilling wall 312, and the drill bit end 314 is fixedly connected to the other end of the drilling wall 312. The cavity 311 is disposed inside the drilling wall 312. The drill bit end 314 is for different types of drill bits and is fixed to the end of the drilling wall 312 by a detachable connection, which can be selected or replaced according to the soil properties. The adapter 313 is used for fixed connection with the end of the inner wall 111.

[0038] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the telescopic rod 33 includes a motor bracket 331, a hydraulic cylinder 332, and a first stepper motor 333. The motor bracket 331 is fixedly connected inside the cavity 311, the first stepper motor 333 is fixedly connected to the motor bracket 331, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 332 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the first stepper motor 333, and the spinning drill bit 32 is fixedly connected to the piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder 332. During the spinning penetration test, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 332 drives the spinning drill bit 32 to extend out of the cavity 311 and controls the penetration rate of the spinning drill bit 32. The stepper motor controls the rotational speed of the spinning drill bit 32. By collecting the operating data of the hydraulic cylinder 332 and the stepper motor, the rotational speed, penetration rate, rotational penetration resistance, and rotational torque of the spinning drill bit 32 are obtained. Specifically, the stepper motor transmits data through the data transmission line 9 and has dustproof, waterproof, oil-proof, and electromagnetic interference-proof characteristics.

[0039] In another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, this application discloses another telescopic rod 33, including a rod body 334, a first bracket 335, a second bracket 336, and a second stepper motor 337. The first bracket 335 and the second bracket 336 are respectively fixed inside the cavity 311. The rod body 334 is configured as a screw, and the rod body 334 is threadedly connected to the first bracket 335. The rotating shaft of the second stepper motor 337 is fixedly connected to one end of the rod body 334 for driving the rod body 334 to rotate. The spinning drill bit 32 is fixedly connected to the other end of the rod body 334. A limit guide rail 338 is provided axially on the second bracket 336, and the outer wall 112 of the stepper motor is slidably connected to the limit guide rail 338.

[0040] During the spinning test, the second stepper motor 337 drives the rod 334 to rotate synchronously with the spinning drill bit 32. The threaded connection between the rod 334 and the first support 335 causes the spinning drill bit 32 to spin into and extend from the cavity 311. Simultaneously, the axially positioned limiting guide rail 338 guides the axial sliding of the stepper motor while restricting its axial rotation, improving the stability of the spinning test process. The second stepper motor 337 controls the rotational speed and penetration rate of the spinning drill bit 32. By collecting the operating data of the second stepper motor 337, data on the rotational speed, penetration rate, rotational penetration resistance, and rotational torque of the spinning drill bit 32 are obtained.

[0041] Furthermore, the self-drilling pressure-side spin penetration tester also includes a data acquisition unit, which includes any one or more of the following: a displacement gauge 5, a pore water pressure monitoring device 6, and an acoustic testing component. The acoustic testing component includes an acoustic emitting device 7 and an acoustic receiving device 8.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, a displacement gauge 5 is connected to the outer wall 112 to sense the actual position of the device. A pore water pressure monitoring device 6 is connected to the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 332 to monitor the pore water pressure in the borehole. An acoustic wave emitting device 7 is connected to the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 332, and two acoustic wave receiving devices 8 are connected to the drilling bit 31. The spinning drill bit 32, the acoustic wave emitting device 7, and the pore water pressure monitoring device 6 are fixed together and can be displaced in the depth direction by the hydraulic cylinder 332. When the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 332 drives the spinning drill bit 32 to extend to a specified length, an acoustic wave signal is emitted through the acoustic wave generating device, and the acoustic wave signal is received by the two acoustic wave receiving devices 8. By analyzing the acoustic wave signals from two different positions, an acoustic wave test is performed. In an optional embodiment, the data acquisition unit may also include a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a radiation monitoring device. Furthermore, embodiments of this application also provide an in-situ testing method, including the following steps: Step S1: Assemble the self-drilling side-pressure spin penetration tester in situ.

[0043] Step S2: Drilling is performed using a self-drilling, pressure-side cone penetration tester. The drill rod 2 drives the drill bit 31 to rotate and drill. A data transmission line 9 is pre-installed in the drill rod 2, and the pressurized air pipe 121 and pressurized water pipe 122 extend to the surface instruments. The drill rod 2 drives the drill bit 31 of the inner wall 111 and drilling section 3 to rotate and drill, while the outer wall 112, pressure-side membrane 13, pressurized air pipe 121, and pressurized water pipe 122 remain stationary. Through reverse circulation rotary drilling, the rock cuttings and mud drilled by the drill bit 31 are mixed and transported to the surface mud pit until the predetermined depth is reached. Step S3: After reaching the predetermined depth, a spinning penetration test is performed: the first stepper motor 333 is controlled to rotate via data transmission line 9. The first stepper motor 333 drives the hydraulic cylinder 332 and the spinning drill bit 32 to rotate together at a speed of 20~30 r / min. The hydraulic cylinder 332 drives the spinning drill bit 32 to extend out of the cavity 311 to the specified stroke while rotating. Figure 4 As shown, the penetration rate is 25~35mm / s, and the soil outside the cavity 311 is rotated and pressed. The operating data of the hydraulic cylinder 332 and the first stepper motor 333 are collected and uploaded to the ground through the communication connection, so as to obtain the data of the rotation speed, penetration rate, rotational penetration resistance and rotational torque of the spin penetrating drill bit 32, and realize the spin penetrating test; Step S4: After completing the penetrometer test, perform the pressure bypass test: When the pressure bypass section 1 reaches the designated position, pressurize the upper cavity 131 and lower cavity 133 in stages through the pressurized air pipe 121, and pressurize the middle cavity 132 in stages through the pressurized water pipe 122, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the first stage is set to apply pressure of 25kPa~30kPa within 20s and stabilize for about 35s~45s; after multiple stages of pressurization until the soil deforms and fails, the pressuremeter test is terminated; the pressure data of the fluid and the volume data of the injected fluid during the pressurization process are uploaded to the ground through the communication connection with the ground to realize the pressuremeter test.

[0044] Step S5: After completing the pressure test, conduct an acoustic test: emit acoustic waves through the acoustic wave emitting device 7, and receive the acoustic wave signals through the two sets of acoustic wave receiving devices 8 on the drilling bit 31, and upload the acoustic wave data to the ground.

[0045] Step S6: After completing the acoustic wave test, perform the pore water pressure test: The pore water pressure at the current depth is transmitted to the ground via the pore water pressure sensor on the pore water pressure monitoring device 6.

[0046] Step S7: After completing all in-situ tests, release the pressure inside the pressure-side membrane 13 through the pressurized air pipe 121 and pressurized water pipe 122. Send control signals to the first stepper motor 333 and hydraulic cylinder 332 via the data transmission line 9 to control the spinning drill bit 32 to retract into the cavity 311. Then, lift out the self-drilling pressure-side spinning penetration tester. After lifting it to the ground, remove the pressure-side section 1 and drilling section 3 from the drill rod 2 in sequence. Then, disassemble the adapter 313, drill bit end 314, spinning drill bit 32, acoustic wave emitting device 7, pore water pressure monitoring device 6, hydraulic cylinder 332, first stepper motor 333, and motor bracket 331 from the drill wall 312. Arrange all components neatly.

[0047] Further, step S1 includes the following steps: Step S11: Install each functional section according to the installation steps: Assemble the drilling bit 31, spinning bit 32, acoustic wave generator, pore water pressure monitoring device 6, telescopic rod 33, and acoustic wave receiver 8 into drilling section 3, and connect the data transmission line 9 to the first stepper motor 333. Assemble the inner wall 111, outer wall 112, pressure bypass diaphragm 13, pressurized air pipe 121, pressurized water pipe 122, displacement gauge 5, and bearing 4 into pressure bypass section 1.

[0048] Step S12: Adjust the pressure difference of the bypass section 1 through the pressurized air pipe 121 and pressurized water pipe 122 according to the preset depth. After adjusting to the specified pressure difference, conduct pressure calibration test and volume calibration test. If a brand new bypass diaphragm 13 is replaced before the test, the diaphragm should be pressurized and expanded 2-3 times first.

[0049] Step S13: Connect the functional sections: First, connect the drilling section 3 to the lower end of the inner wall 111 of the pressure bypass section 1 through the adapter 313; pass the data transmission line 9 through the inner wall 111; then pass the data transmission line 9 through the drill pipe 2; finally, connect the lower end of the drill pipe 2 to the upper end of the pressure bypass section 1.

[0050] Specifically, when performing step S11, such as Figure 3 As shown, first, the first stepper motor 333 is fixed to a designated position within the inner cavity 311 of the drilling wall 312 via the motor bracket 331. Then, the data transmission cable 9 is connected to the stepper motor, and the adapter 313 is fixed to the upper end of the drilling wall 312. Next, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 332 is fixed to the shaft of the first stepper motor 333, ensuring that the shaft of the first stepper motor 333 is coaxial with the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 332, guaranteeing that the hydraulic cylinder 332 and the first stepper motor 333 can perform normal extension, retraction, and stepping rotation functions. Then, the pore water pressure monitoring device 6 is fixed to the lower end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 332, and the acoustic wave generator is fixed to the lower end of the pore water pressure monitoring device 6. Next, the spinning drill bit 32 is fixed to the lower end of the acoustic wave generator, and the acoustic wave receiving module is fixed to a designated position on the drilling wall 312. The drill bit is selected or replaced according to the soil layer and fixed to the bottom of the drilling wall 312 as the drill bit end 314. Next, the bypass pressure section 1 is installed. As shown in the figure, first, the pressurized air pipe 121, pressurized water pipe 122 and displacement gauge 5 are fixed at the designated position on the outer wall 112; then, the bypass pressure diaphragm 13 is fixed at the designated position on the outer wall 112; then, the inner wall 111 is connected to the upper and lower ends of the outer wall 112 respectively through two bearings 4 to ensure that the inner wall 111 and the outer wall 112 can rotate independently.

[0051] This application discloses a self-drilling pressure-side cone penetration test (PPPT) instrument and method suitable for deep overburden layers. Through its various functions, it can simultaneously perform self-drilling hole formation, PPT, acoustic wave testing, and pore water pressure testing. This significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of in-situ testing under deep overburden conditions, while saving exploration costs.

[0052] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A self-drilling, side-pressure, spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument, characterized in that, include: Side pressure section, drill pipe connected to one end of the side pressure section, and drilling section connected to the other end of the side pressure section; The pressure bypass section includes a section body, a pressure tube, and a pressure bypass diaphragm. The pressure bypass diaphragm is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the section body, and the pressure bypass diaphragm has an inner cavity. The pressure tube communicates with the inner cavity. The drilling section includes a drilling bit, a spinning bit, and a telescopic rod. The drilling bit is connected to the drill rod through the section body. The drilling bit has a cavity for the spinning bit to be positioned and extended. One end of the telescopic rod is connected to the cavity, and the other end of the telescopic rod is connected to the spinning bit. The telescopic rod is used to drive the spinning bit to rotate and extend out of the cavity.

2. The self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The segment includes an inner wall and an outer wall sleeved on the inner wall. The pressure diaphragm is connected to the outer wall. One end of the inner wall is fixedly connected to the drill rod, and the other end of the inner wall is fixedly connected to the drilling bit.

3. The self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that, A bearing is fitted on the inner wall between the inner wall and the outer wall.

4. The self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure diaphragm cavity includes an upper cavity, a middle cavity, and a lower cavity. The pressurization tube includes a pressurization air tube and a pressurization water tube. The pressurization air tube is connected to the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and the pressurization water tube is connected to the middle cavity.

5. The self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic rod includes a motor bracket, a hydraulic cylinder, and a stepper motor. The motor bracket is fixedly connected to the cavity, the stepper motor is fixedly connected to the motor bracket, the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the stepper motor, and the spinning drill bit is fixedly connected to the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.

6. The self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressurization pipe includes a pressurization air pipe or a pressurization water pipe.

7. The self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a data acquisition unit, which includes any one or more of a displacement gauge, a pore water pressure monitoring device, and an acoustic wave testing component, wherein the acoustic wave testing component includes an acoustic wave emitting device and an acoustic wave receiving device.

8. An in-situ testing method, characterized in that, Using the self-drilling pressure-side spin penetration tester as described in any one of claims 1-7, the following steps are included. Step S1: Assemble the self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in situ test instrument; Step S2: Drilling is performed using a self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetration tester. The drill rod drives the drill bit to rotate and drill to the predetermined depth. Step S3: Control the rotation of the spun drill bit by means of the telescopic rod and extend it out of the cavity to the specified stroke to rotate and press the soil outside the cavity. Collect the operation data of the telescopic rod and upload it to the ground through the communication connection with the ground to obtain the data of the rotation speed, penetration rate, rotational penetration resistance and rotational torque of the spun drill bit, so as to realize the spun penetration test. Step S4: Inject fluid into the inner cavity of the pressure-side membrane through the pressurization pipe to pressurize it. After the soil deforms and fails, terminate the pressure-side test. Upload the pressure data of the fluid and the volume data of the injected fluid during the pressurization process to the ground through the communication connection to the ground to realize the pressure-side test.

9. The experimental method of the self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S3, the rotational speed of the spinning drill bit is 20~30 r / min, and the penetration rate of the spinning drill bit is 25~35 mm / s.

10. The experimental method of the self-drilling side-pressure spin cone penetrometer in-situ testing instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, when pressurizing the inner cavity of the pressure-side membrane, a graded pressurization is adopted, with each grade set to pressurize 25kPa~30kPa within 20s and stabilize for 35s~45s.

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