A system and method for obtaining fly ash characteristics of coal-fired boilers

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology for coal-fired boilers, solving the problem of the difficulty in obtaining integrated, automated, and precise information on the characteristics of fly ash from coal-fired boilers. Specifically, it discloses a system and method for obtaining fly ash characteristics in coal-fired boilers, including a fly ash collection module, a fly ash pretreatment module, a characteristic detection module, a data processing module, and a control module. The fly ash collection module is connected to the flue of the coal-fired boiler; the fly ash pretreatment module is connected to the fly ash collection module; the characteristic detection module is connected to the fly ash pretreatment module; the data processing module is connected to both the characteristic detection module and the control module; and the control module is electrically connected to each of the three modules. The method of this invention includes S1, fly ash collection; S2, fly ash pretreatment; S3, characteristic detection; and S4, data processing and output. This invention is used for obtaining and detecting fly ash characteristics during combustion in coal-fired boilers, and features integration, automation, and high precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental protection technology for coal-fired boilers, and in particular to a system and method for obtaining the characteristics of fly ash from coal-fired boilers. Background Technology

[0002] Coal-fired boilers are widely used in power generation and industrial heating. Fly ash is the main solid waste generated during the combustion process of coal-fired boilers, and its emissions are enormous. The characteristics of fly ash (including physical and chemical properties) directly affect the boiler's combustion efficiency and heat exchange efficiency, and also determine the subsequent disposal methods (such as resource utilization and harmless treatment) and environmental impact. Therefore, accurately and efficiently obtaining the characteristics of fly ash from coal-fired boilers is of great significance for optimizing boiler combustion conditions, improving boiler operating economy, reducing pollutant emissions, and promoting the resource utilization of fly ash.

[0003] Currently, most methods for obtaining fly ash characteristics from coal-fired boilers employ offline testing, which involves manually collecting fly ash samples from the boiler flue and transporting them to a laboratory for pretreatment and testing. This method has several drawbacks: First, the sampling process is cumbersome, labor-intensive, and lacks representativeness, making it difficult to reflect real-time changes in fly ash characteristics under different boiler operating conditions. Second, samples are susceptible to moisture, clumping, or contamination during transport, leading to significant deviations in pretreatment and testing results. Third, the testing cycle is long, taking several hours or even days from sampling to obtaining results, failing to provide timely data support for boiler operation adjustments. Fourth, existing testing systems often only detect single fly ash characteristics (such as particle size distribution or a single chemical composition), lacking comprehensiveness and failing to meet practical application needs.

[0004] In addition, some existing online detection systems have problems such as complex structure, poor stability, and low detection accuracy. Furthermore, the coordination between the various modules of the system is poor, making it impossible to achieve integrated automatic operation of fly ash collection, pretreatment, detection, and data processing, which makes it difficult to adapt to the complex operating environment of coal-fired boilers.

[0005] Therefore, developing a system and method for acquiring fly ash characteristics from coal-fired boilers that can achieve integrated, automated, and precise acquisition of fly ash characteristics, and that provides comprehensive and stable detection, has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problem of the difficulty in obtaining the fly ash characteristics of coal-fired boilers in an integrated, automated, and precise manner in the existing technology, this invention provides a system and method for obtaining the fly ash characteristics of coal-fired boilers.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0008] A system for acquiring characteristics of fly ash from a coal-fired boiler includes a fly ash acquisition module, a fly ash pretreatment module, a characteristic detection module, a data processing module, and a control module.

[0009] The fly ash collection module is connected to the flue of the coal-fired boiler and is used to collect fly ash samples from the boiler flue.

[0010] The fly ash pretreatment module is connected to the fly ash collection module and is used to dry, sieve and remove impurities from the collected fly ash samples.

[0011] The characteristic detection module is connected to the fly ash pretreatment module and is used to detect the physical and chemical properties of the pretreated fly ash sample.

[0012] The data processing module is connected to the characteristic detection module and the control module respectively, and is used to receive the detection data output by the characteristic detection module, analyze and process it, and generate a fly ash characteristic report.

[0013] The control module is electrically connected to the fly ash collection module, fly ash pretreatment module, characteristic detection module, and data processing module, respectively, and is used to control the operation of each module.

[0014] Furthermore, the fly ash collection module includes a sampling gun, an insulating sleeve, an air pump, and a flow regulating valve; the sampling end of the sampling gun extends into the flue of the coal-fired boiler, and the output end of the sampling gun is connected in sequence to the insulating sleeve and the air pump; the flow regulating valve is set on the connecting pipeline between the sampling gun and the insulating sleeve to regulate the sampling flow rate; the inner wall of the insulating sleeve is provided with a heating element to heat the fly ash sample.

[0015] Furthermore, the fly ash pretreatment module includes a drying unit, a sieving unit, and a purification unit connected in sequence; the drying unit adopts hot air drying, and the drying temperature can be adjusted between 80-120℃; the sieving unit is equipped with at least two-stage sieving screens for separating fly ash samples of different particle sizes; the purification unit adopts electromagnetic adsorption to remove metal impurities from the fly ash samples.

[0016] Furthermore, the characteristic detection module includes a physical characteristic detection unit and a chemical characteristic detection unit; the physical characteristic detection unit is used to detect the particle size distribution, bulk density, and specific surface area of ​​the fly ash sample; the chemical characteristic detection unit is used to detect the content of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, and MgO in the fly ash sample.

[0017] A method for obtaining fly ash characteristics of a coal-fired boiler based on a coal-fired boiler fly ash characteristics acquisition system includes the following steps:

[0018] S1. Fly ash collection: The fly ash collection module is started by the control module, the flow regulating valve is adjusted to the preset flow, the fly ash sample in the flue of the coal-fired boiler is collected by the sampling gun, and the sample is transferred to the fly ash pretreatment module through the insulation sleeve.

[0019] S2. Fly ash pretreatment: The fly ash pretreatment module sequentially dries, sieves, and removes impurities from the collected fly ash samples to obtain fly ash samples that meet the testing requirements.

[0020] S3, Characteristic Testing: The characteristic testing module performs physical and chemical characteristic testing on the pretreated fly ash sample and transmits the raw data obtained from the test to the data processing module.

[0021] S4. Data Processing and Output: The data processing module calibrates, analyzes, and calculates the received raw data to generate a fly ash characteristic report containing physical and chemical characteristic parameters and characteristic evaluation of fly ash. At the same time, the report is transmitted to the display unit of the control module for output.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S1, the sampling flow rate is adjusted to 5-15 L / min, the sampling time is 10-30 min, and the heating temperature of the insulation sleeve is maintained at 100-110℃ during the sampling process.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S2, the drying temperature of the drying unit is set to 100-110℃, and the drying time is 2-4h; the sieving unit adopts two-stage sieving, with the first-stage sieve mesh having a pore size of 100μm and the second-stage sieve mesh having a pore size of 45μm, to separate fly ash samples with particle sizes greater than 100μm, 45-100μm and less than 45μm respectively; the electromagnetic adsorption intensity of the impurity removal unit is adjusted to 0.3-0.5T, and the adsorption time is 10-20min.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S3, the physical properties are tested by using a laser particle size analyzer to detect particle size distribution, a densitometer to detect bulk density, and a specific surface area analyzer to detect specific surface area; the chemical properties are tested by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to detect the content of each chemical component, with the detection error controlled to be no greater than ±0.5%.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0026] 1. This invention achieves integrated and automated operation of fly ash characteristic acquisition. The control module controls the fly ash collection module, preprocessing module, characteristic detection module, and data processing module to work together without manual intervention, effectively reducing labor costs and improving the efficiency of fly ash characteristic acquisition. It solves the problems of long detection cycle and high labor costs of existing offline detection methods.

[0027] 2. The fly ash collection module uses an insulated sleeve and a flow regulating valve to prevent fly ash samples from becoming damp and clumping during transmission, while ensuring that the collected fly ash samples are representative and improving the accuracy of sampling. The fly ash pretreatment module adopts an integrated design of drying, sieving, and impurity removal. The pretreatment parameters are adjustable, which can obtain fly ash samples that meet the testing requirements, avoid the influence of impurities and moisture on the test results, and improve the testing accuracy.

[0028] 3. The characteristic detection module has both physical and chemical characteristic detection functions, which can more comprehensively detect the particle size distribution, bulk density, specific surface area and main chemical component content of fly ash samples. It has strong detection comprehensiveness and solves the problem of single detection in existing detection systems. It can provide more comprehensive and reliable data for boiler optimization and subsequent fly ash disposal.

[0029] 4. The system of this invention has a reasonable structure, good stability, and strong synergy among its modules. It can adapt to the complex operating environment of coal-fired boilers, and has high detection accuracy and fast detection speed. It can output fly ash characteristic reports in real time, providing timely data for boiler operation adjustment, which helps to optimize boiler combustion conditions, improve boiler operating economy, and reduce pollutant emissions.

[0030] 5. The method of this invention has a standardized process and is highly operable. The preprocessing parameters and detection conditions are uniform, ensuring that the fly ash characteristic data obtained under different batches and different operating conditions have good comparability. At the same time, the method steps are simple and the detection efficiency is high, which can be widely used to obtain the fly ash characteristics of various coal-fired boilers. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0033] Example 1: A fly ash characteristic acquisition system for coal-fired boilers. Its operation begins with the activation of the fly ash collection module. This module, connected to the boiler flue, collects fly ash samples in real time, providing a basis for subsequent characteristic testing. After collection, the fly ash sample is transferred to the fly ash pretreatment module. This module systematically processes the raw fly ash sample, first removing moisture through drying, then separating fly ash particles of different sizes through sieving, and finally removing irrelevant impurities to ensure the accuracy of subsequent test data. The pretreated fly ash sample then enters the characteristic testing module, which simultaneously performs physical and chemical characteristic tests, capturing the core characteristic parameters of the fly ash. After testing, the characteristic testing module transmits the raw test data to the data processing module. The data processing module systematically analyzes and processes the received data, integrating physical and chemical characteristic parameters to generate a complete fly ash characteristic report. The entire system is controlled by a control module, which is electrically connected to all other modules. The control module can flexibly adjust the working status of each module according to preset programs and actual operating conditions, ensuring orderly cooperation and coordinated operation among the modules. Its working principle lies in the fact that through modular collaboration, fly ash collection, pretreatment, detection, data processing, and system control are integrated into a closed-loop process, achieving comprehensive and automated acquisition of fly ash characteristics. Compared with existing technologies, this system integrates the entire process of fly ash treatment and detection, requiring minimal manual intervention. This not only improves the efficiency of fly ash characteristic acquisition but also reduces errors caused by manual operation. Furthermore, the stability of the coordinated operation of each module is stronger, providing more reliable characteristic data for the optimized operation of coal-fired boilers and subsequent fly ash disposal.

[0034] Example 2: Detailed implementation of the fly ash collection module:

[0035] This embodiment is based on the aforementioned embodiment. In this embodiment, the fly ash collection module completes the collection and transmission of fly ash samples through the coordinated work of various components. The working process is as follows: the sampling gun, as the core component, extends its sampling end into the central region of the coal-fired boiler flue. This region has a uniform fly ash concentration distribution, ensuring that the collected fly ash samples are representative. The sampling gun is made of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant stainless steel, which can adapt to the high-temperature and harsh environment inside the flue, extending the service life of the components. During sampling, the suction pump starts to generate negative pressure, extracting the fly ash sample from the flue through the sampling gun and transmitting it to the subsequent module via an insulated sleeve. A flow regulating valve is installed on the connecting pipeline between the sampling gun and the insulated sleeve, allowing for flexible adjustment of the sampling flow rate according to actual sampling needs, ensuring the stability of the sampling process. The electric heating wire on the inner wall of the insulation sleeve is electrically connected to the control module. The control module can flexibly adjust the heating power of the electric heating wire according to the temperature and humidity inside the flue, thereby controlling the temperature of the insulation sleeve. This prevents the fly ash sample from condensing due to low temperature during transmission, thus preventing the fly ash from becoming damp and clumping, and ensuring that the original characteristics of the fly ash sample are not damaged.

[0036] The fly ash collection module works by utilizing negative pressure sampling to collect fly ash, ensuring sampling stability through flow rate regulation, and preventing sample deterioration through heat preservation and heating. Each component has a clear function and works in close coordination. Compared to existing technologies, this fly ash collection module has a more rational sampling location, stronger sample representativeness, and excellent heat preservation and flow rate regulation capabilities. It effectively prevents fly ash sample deterioration during collection and transmission, providing a high-quality sample basis for subsequent pretreatment and detection.

[0037] Example 3: Detailed implementation of the fly ash pretreatment module:

[0038] This embodiment is based on the aforementioned embodiment. In this embodiment, the fly ash pretreatment module completes the pretreatment process of the fly ash sample through the sequential coordinated operation of the drying unit, sieving unit, and impurity removal unit, providing a sample that meets the requirements for subsequent characteristic testing. The fly ash sample first enters the drying unit. The hot air drying chamber used in the drying unit provides hot air through a hot air generator connected to the air inlet to dry the fly ash sample, removing moisture from the sample and preventing moisture from affecting the subsequent test results.

[0039] The drying temperature can be flexibly adjusted between 80-120℃ via the control module. Different drying schemes can be adopted for fly ash samples with different moisture contents. A drying temperature of 80℃ is suitable for fly ash with low moisture content, avoiding over-drying that could alter the characteristics of the fly ash particles and saving energy. A drying temperature of 100℃ is suitable for fly ash samples with normal moisture content. This scheme ensures drying effect while balancing drying efficiency and fly ash characteristic protection, and is the most widely used scheme. A drying temperature of 120℃ is suitable for fly ash with high moisture content. This scheme can quickly remove moisture from the sample, shorten drying time, and improve pretreatment efficiency. After drying, the fly ash sample enters the sieving and impurity removal units. The sieving unit achieves particle size classification through vibrating sieving, while the impurity removal unit removes metal impurities through electromagnetic adsorption. The electromagnetic adsorption strength can be adjusted between 0.3-0.5T to adapt to samples with different metal impurity contents. The sieve mesh can be easily replaced, enhancing the module's applicability.

[0040] Its working principle involves removing moisture through hot air drying, achieving particle size classification through vibrating sieving, and removing metallic impurities through electromagnetic adsorption, thereby gradually optimizing the quality of fly ash samples. Compared with existing technologies, this fly ash pretreatment module offers flexible adjustment of drying temperature and adsorption intensity, easy replacement of the sieve, and adaptability to fly ash samples with different characteristics. The pretreatment effect is more stable, effectively removing moisture and impurities from fly ash samples and achieving particle size classification. This provides more accurate and pure samples for subsequent characteristic testing, improving the reliability of the test data.

[0041] Example 4: Detailed implementation of the feature detection module:

[0042] This embodiment is based on the aforementioned embodiment. In this embodiment, the characteristic detection module, through the collaborative work of the physical characteristic detection unit and the chemical characteristic detection unit, detects the core characteristic parameters of the pretreated fly ash sample, providing basic data for the generation of the fly ash characteristic report. The working process is as follows: the pretreated fly ash sample is simultaneously fed into the physical characteristic detection unit and the chemical characteristic detection unit. The physical characteristic detection unit consists of a laser particle size analyzer, an electronic density meter, and a specific surface area analyzer. These three instruments work together to detect different physical characteristics of the fly ash sample.

[0043] The laser particle size analyzer uses laser diffraction to detect the particle size distribution of fly ash samples, capturing the proportion of fly ash particles in different size ranges. The electronic densitometer uses buoyancy or specific gravity bottle methods to detect the bulk density of fly ash samples, reflecting the compactness of the fly ash particles. The specific surface area analyzer uses gas adsorption to detect the specific surface area of ​​fly ash samples, reflecting the surface activity of fly ash particles. The chemical property detection unit uses X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to detect the content of various oxides in fly ash, with detection errors controlled within specified ranges. Its working principle lies in utilizing the specific detection principles of different instruments to achieve comprehensive coverage of fly ash characteristics. Compared with existing technologies, it offers more comprehensive detection items, higher accuracy, and a higher degree of automation, providing high-quality basic data for subsequent work and reducing human error.

[0044] Example 5: Detailed Implementation of the Data Processing Module and Control Module:

[0045] This embodiment is based on the aforementioned embodiments. In this embodiment, the data processing module and the control module cooperate to complete the processing and analysis of the detection data and the overall control of the entire system, respectively, to ensure the orderly and efficient acquisition of fly ash characteristics. The data processing module uses an industrial computer to receive the raw detection data through preset software. After calibration, analysis, and evaluation, it generates a complete fly ash characteristic report. The calibration process can eliminate instrument system errors, the analysis process can clarify the key indicators of characteristic parameters, and the evaluation process can determine the potential for fly ash resource utilization.

[0046] The control module employs a PLC controller, electrically connected to all modules of the system. Through preset programs, it coordinates and adjusts the operating status of each module to ensure stable and continuous system operation. Its connected touchscreen display unit can display the module's operating status and fly ash characteristic reports in real time, facilitating operator monitoring. Its working principle involves data processing through a software system and module collaboration through program control, forming a closed-loop control. Compared to existing technologies, this approach offers standardized and efficient data processing, high control precision and automation, and real-time display capabilities, thus significantly improving the system's overall practicality and reliability.

[0047] Example 6: Detailed Implementation of the Method for Obtaining the Characteristics of Fly Ash from Coal-fired Boilers:

[0048] This embodiment is based on the foregoing embodiments. In this embodiment, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment is based on the aforementioned coal-fired boiler fly ash characteristic acquisition system. It completes the comprehensive acquisition of fly ash characteristics through four orderly steps. The entire process relies on the cooperation of each module of the system. The operation is standardized and the parameters can be flexibly adjusted, which can adapt to the fly ash characteristic detection needs under different operating conditions.

[0049] The working process is as follows: First, the control module is started, which triggers the fly ash collection module to start working, entering the S1 fly ash collection step. According to the actual fly ash concentration in the flue of the coal-fired boiler, the flow regulating valve is adjusted to the preset sampling flow rate. Three different sampling flow rate options are selected: 5L / min is suitable for the working condition of high fly ash concentration in the flue. This option can avoid excessive accumulation of fly ash samples due to excessive sampling flow rate, prevent blockage of the sampling pipeline, and reduce the energy consumption of the air pump, ensuring a stable sampling process; 10L / min is suitable for the working condition of fly ash concentration in the flue at a normal level. This option can ensure the representativeness of the collected samples while taking into account the sampling efficiency and pipeline operation stability, and is the most widely used option in daily testing; 15L / min is suitable for the working condition of low fly ash concentration in the flue. This option can improve the sampling rate and ensure that a sufficient amount of fly ash sample is collected within the specified sampling time, avoiding the impact of insufficient sample quantity on subsequent test results. Three sampling time options are selected: 10 minutes is suitable for short-term rapid detection needs, which can quickly obtain preliminary data on fly ash characteristics and save overall detection time; 20 minutes is suitable for conventional detection scenarios, balancing detection efficiency and sample representativeness, and can effectively reduce random errors in the sampling process; 30 minutes is suitable for high-precision detection needs, which further improves the representativeness of fly ash samples by extending the sampling time, providing a more reliable basis for subsequent detection and data processing. During the sampling process, the heating temperature of the insulation sleeve is maintained within a preset range, with three options selected: 100℃ is suitable for working conditions with low ambient humidity and high flue outlet temperature, which can effectively prevent fly ash samples from getting damp and save energy consumption of electric heating wires; 105℃ is suitable for normal environmental working conditions, which can stably maintain the temperature of the insulation sleeve and avoid fly ash samples from getting damp and clumping due to temperature fluctuations during transmission, ensuring that the original characteristics of the samples are not damaged; 110℃ is suitable for working conditions with high ambient humidity and low flue outlet temperature, which can quickly raise and maintain the temperature of the insulation sleeve, completely eliminate fly ash samples from getting damp, and ensure the stability of the sample transmission process.

[0050] After being transferred to the fly ash pretreatment module via an insulated sleeve, the fly ash sample enters the S2 fly ash pretreatment step. The fly ash pretreatment module processes the sample sequentially in the order of drying, sieving, and impurity removal. Three drying temperature options are selected for the drying unit: 100℃ is suitable for fly ash samples with low moisture content, avoiding over-drying that could alter the characteristics of the fly ash particles and saving energy in the hot air drying oven; 105℃ is suitable for fly ash samples with normal moisture content, ensuring both drying efficiency and protection of fly ash particle characteristics; and 110℃ is suitable for fly ash samples with high moisture content, rapidly removing moisture from the sample, shortening the drying cycle, and improving pretreatment efficiency. Three drying time options were selected: 2 hours for fly ash samples with low moisture content, allowing for rapid drying and saving pretreatment time; 3 hours for fly ash samples with moderate moisture content, ensuring complete removal of moisture and preventing residual moisture from affecting subsequent sieving and impurity removal; and 4 hours for fly ash samples with high moisture content, extending the drying time to thoroughly remove free and bound moisture, ensuring smooth progress of subsequent processing steps. The sieving unit employs a two-stage sieving process: the first-stage sieve has a fixed mesh size of 100 μm, and the second-stage sieve has a fixed mesh size of 45 μm. Vibration separates fly ash samples with particle sizes greater than 100 μm, 45-100 μm, and less than 45 μm, achieving particle size classification and facilitating subsequent targeted testing. Three electromagnetic adsorption intensities were selected for the impurity removal unit: 0.3T is suitable for fly ash samples with low metal impurity content and small particle size, reducing energy consumption of the electromagnetic separator while avoiding excessive adsorption of fly ash particles that could affect the impurity removal effect; 0.4T is suitable for fly ash samples with moderate metal impurity content, balancing energy consumption and efficiency while ensuring impurity removal effectiveness; 0.5T is suitable for fly ash samples with high metal impurity content and large particle size, enhancing electromagnetic adsorption capacity to ensure thorough removal of metal impurities and prevent damage to subsequent testing instruments or impact on data accuracy. Three adsorption time values ​​were also selected: 10min is suitable for fly ash samples with low metal impurity content, enabling rapid impurity removal and improving pretreatment efficiency; 15min is suitable for fly ash samples with moderate metal impurity content, ensuring sufficient adsorption and guaranteeing the impurity removal effect; 20min is suitable for fly ash samples with high metal impurity content, extending the adsorption time to further improve the thoroughness of impurity removal and provide a pure fly ash sample for subsequent testing.

[0051] After pretreatment, fly ash samples meeting the testing requirements enter the S3 characteristic testing step, where the characteristic testing module simultaneously performs physical and chemical characteristic tests. In the physical characteristic testing, a laser particle size analyzer detects the particle size distribution of the fly ash sample using the principle of laser diffraction. Its core principle is to utilize the scattering phenomenon that occurs after laser irradiation of fly ash particles, and by analyzing the intensity and angular distribution of the scattered light, the proportion of fly ash particles in different particle size ranges is calculated. A densitometer uses the buoyancy method to detect the bulk density of the fly ash sample. By measuring the buoyancy of the fly ash sample in the liquid and combining it with relevant formulas, the bulk density is calculated, reflecting the compactness of the fly ash particles. A specific surface area analyzer detects the specific surface area of ​​the fly ash sample using the principle of gas adsorption. Utilizing the adsorption of gas molecules on the surface of fly ash particles, the ratio of the total surface area to the mass of the fly ash particles is calculated, reflecting the surface activity of the fly ash particles. Chemical property testing employs X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The principle is to use X-rays to excite atoms in the fly ash sample, causing the inner-shell electrons of the atoms to transition and emit characteristic fluorescence. By analyzing the wavelength and intensity of the characteristic fluorescence, the content of each chemical component in the fly ash sample is determined, and the detection error is controlled within a range of no more than ±0.5%, ensuring the accuracy of the chemical property testing data.

[0052] After testing, the characteristic detection module transmits all raw test data to the data processing module in real time, entering the S4 data processing and output step. The data processing module calibrates, analyzes, and calculates the received raw test data. The calibration process primarily eliminates systematic errors inherent in the testing instrument itself, improving data accuracy. The analysis process identifies the core indicators of each characteristic parameter, clarifying the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash sample. The calculation process integrates physical and chemical characteristic parameters, combining chemical composition content to evaluate the resource utilization potential of fly ash, ultimately generating a complete fly ash characteristic report. The generated fly ash characteristic report is synchronously transmitted to the display unit of the control module for output, allowing operators to view fly ash characteristic information in real time, providing data reference for optimized operation of coal-fired boilers and subsequent fly ash disposal. The working principle of this method relies on the various modules of the aforementioned fly ash characteristic acquisition system, forming an orderly process of fly ash collection, preprocessing, detection, data processing, and output. By reasonably adjusting the key parameters of each step, stable operation of each link is ensured, achieving comprehensive and accurate acquisition of fly ash characteristics. Compared with existing technologies, this method has multiple value schemes for each key parameter, which can be flexibly selected according to actual working conditions, making it more adaptable. The drying and impurity removal parameters in the pretreatment process are adjustable, and the screening and impurity removal steps are standardized, effectively improving the purity and representativeness of fly ash samples. The characteristic detection adopts mature detection principles and methods, with small detection errors, ensuring the accuracy of detection data. The entire method process is clear and standardized, requiring minimal manual intervention, reducing errors caused by manual operation, and improving the efficiency of fly ash characteristic acquisition. It can provide more reliable technical support for the efficient operation of coal-fired boilers and the resource utilization of fly ash.

[0053] It should be noted that the instrument models and parameters in this embodiment are only specific implementation methods and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can select appropriate instrument models and parameters according to actual needs, as long as the technical effects of the present invention can be achieved.

[0054] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of specific implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for acquiring the characteristics of fly ash from a coal-fired boiler, characterized in that, It includes a fly ash collection module, a fly ash pretreatment module, a characteristic detection module, a data processing module, and a control module; The fly ash collection module is connected to the flue of the coal-fired boiler and is used to collect fly ash samples from the boiler flue. The fly ash pretreatment module is connected to the fly ash collection module and is used to dry, sieve and remove impurities from the collected fly ash samples. The characteristic detection module is connected to the fly ash pretreatment module and is used to detect the physical and chemical properties of the pretreated fly ash sample. The data processing module is connected to the characteristic detection module and the control module respectively, and is used to receive the detection data output by the characteristic detection module, analyze and process it, and generate a fly ash characteristic report. The control module is electrically connected to the fly ash collection module, fly ash pretreatment module, characteristic detection module, and data processing module, respectively, and is used to control the operation of each module.

2. The fly ash characteristic acquisition system for coal-fired boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fly ash collection module includes a sampling gun, an insulating sleeve, an air pump, and a flow regulating valve. The sampling end of the sampling gun extends into the flue of the coal-fired boiler, and the output end of the sampling gun is connected to the insulating sleeve and the air pump in sequence. The flow regulating valve is set on the connecting pipeline between the sampling gun and the insulating sleeve to regulate the sampling flow. The inner wall of the insulating sleeve is provided with a heating element for heating the fly ash sample.

3. The fly ash characteristic acquisition system for coal-fired boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fly ash pretreatment module includes a drying unit, a sieving unit, and a purification unit connected in sequence. The drying unit adopts hot air drying, and the drying temperature can be adjusted between 80-120℃. The sieving unit is equipped with at least two sieves for separating fly ash samples of different particle sizes. The purification unit adopts electromagnetic adsorption to remove metal impurities from the fly ash samples.

4. The fly ash characteristic acquisition system for coal-fired boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The characteristic detection module includes a physical characteristic detection unit and a chemical characteristic detection unit; the physical characteristic detection unit is used to detect the particle size distribution, bulk density and specific surface area of ​​the fly ash sample; the chemical characteristic detection unit is used to detect the content of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO and MgO in the fly ash sample.

5. A method for obtaining fly ash characteristics of a coal-fired boiler based on the fly ash characteristic acquisition system of any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Fly ash collection: The fly ash collection module is started by the control module, the flow regulating valve is adjusted to the preset flow, the fly ash sample in the flue of the coal-fired boiler is collected by the sampling gun, and the sample is transferred to the fly ash pretreatment module through the insulation sleeve. S2. Fly ash pretreatment: The fly ash pretreatment module sequentially dries, sieves, and removes impurities from the collected fly ash samples to obtain fly ash samples that meet the testing requirements. S3, Characteristic Testing: The characteristic testing module performs physical and chemical characteristic testing on the pretreated fly ash sample and transmits the raw data obtained from the test to the data processing module. S4. Data Processing and Output: The data processing module calibrates, analyzes, and calculates the received raw data to generate a fly ash characteristic report containing physical and chemical characteristic parameters and characteristic evaluation of fly ash. At the same time, the report is transmitted to the display unit of the control module for output.

6. The method for obtaining fly ash characteristics of a coal-fired boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S1, the sampling flow rate is adjusted to 5-15 L / min, the sampling time is 10-30 min, and the heating temperature of the insulation sleeve is maintained at 100-110℃ during the sampling process.

7. The method for obtaining fly ash characteristics of a coal-fired boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the drying temperature of the drying unit is set to 100-110℃, and the drying time is 2-4h; the sieving unit adopts two-stage sieving, with the first-stage sieve mesh having a pore size of 100μm and the second-stage sieve mesh having a pore size of 45μm, to separate fly ash samples with particle sizes greater than 100μm, 45-100μm and less than 45μm respectively; the electromagnetic adsorption intensity of the impurity removal unit is adjusted to 0.3-0.5T, and the adsorption time is 10-20min.

8. The method for obtaining fly ash characteristics of a coal-fired boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the physical properties are tested by using a laser particle size analyzer to detect particle size distribution, a densitometer to detect bulk density, and a specific surface area analyzer to detect specific surface area; the chemical properties are tested by using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to detect the content of each chemical component, with the detection error controlled to be no greater than ±0.5%.

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