A highway tunnel system based on open source honkong

Abstract

This application discloses a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS. The system includes end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components connected via communication. Each end-side component includes a controller and an adapter. The controller connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel and automatically networks with the adapter. The adapter also connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel. This application forms a "cloud-edge-end" topology through the end-side, edge-side, and cloud-side components, achieving centralized management and unified monitoring of the electromechanical equipment in the highway tunnel, reducing the workload and cost of manual inspections. Simultaneously, utilizing the distributed soft bus of the open-source HarmonyOS system enhances the communication efficiency and data interaction capabilities between the end-side, edge-side, and cloud-side components, improving the accuracy and timeliness of tunnel event detection and reducing false alarm rates. In the event of a fault, the end-side, edge-side, and cloud-side components can quickly coordinate and respond, reducing the time required for multi-department coordination, effectively shortening troubleshooting time, and improving operational efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of highway monitoring technology, and in particular to a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS. Background Technology

[0002] Highway tunnels require the deployment of various equipment systems, such as ventilation systems, environmental monitoring systems, and video surveillance systems. These systems are constructed and maintained independently, resulting in a "chimney-like" architecture for highway tunnel systems. However, this "chimney-like" architecture presents the following problems: 1. Manual inspection of each equipment system is required, resulting in a large workload for inspection. 2. The low accuracy and high false alarm rate of event detection result in high maintenance costs; 3. When a fault occurs, it requires coordination among multiple departments, resulting in a long troubleshooting time and low efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and enhanced. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem this application aims to solve is to provide a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this application provides a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS, wherein the highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS includes: An end-side component, comprising a controller and an adapter, wherein the controller connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel and automatically networks with the adapter, and the adapter connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel; The side component is connected to the end component via dual communication channels and is used to monitor tunnel events in the highway tunnel based on tunnel data uploaded by the end component. The cloud-side component is connected to the edge-side component via dual communication channels and is used to manage and control the tunnel data uploaded by the edge-side component. The cloud-side component, the edge-side component, and the terminal-side component are all deployed with the open-source HarmonyOS system.

[0006] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS, wherein the connection protocol between the controller and the electromechanical equipment includes at least one of Ethernet, GAN, or 4G / 5G, and the controller automatically forms a network with the adapter via a soft bus, wherein the networking protocol used by the soft bus includes at least one of StarFlash, Bluetooth, or Ethernet.

[0007] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS includes a dual communication channel comprising a main communication channel combining optical fiber and a soft bus, and a backup communication channel built on a mobile network.

[0008] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS includes a side-side component that performs firmware signature verification during startup and uploads startup logs to a cloud-side component after successful firmware signature verification. The cloud-side component is also used to remotely authenticate the side-side component based on the startup logs and refuse access to the side-side component and trigger an alarm if the remote authentication fails. The remote authentication includes at least one of verifying the signature, verifying the version number, or verifying the hardware reference.

[0009] The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS, wherein encrypted communication is used between the end-side component and the edge-side component, and between the edge-side component and the cloud-side component. Encrypted communication refers to the transmission of data to be transmitted through encrypted transmission using a session key. The data to be transmitted is ciphertext data formed by encrypting plaintext data using SM4 block encryption and SM2 signature.

[0010] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS, wherein the cloud-side components include an electromechanical equipment software library, a data service system, and an operation gate system; The electromechanical equipment software library is used to provide atomized applications for the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel; The data service system is used to aggregate a super physical model library of the entire road network and to provide support for the monitoring of highway tunnels; The operating gate system is used to connect to the side components.

[0011] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS includes a cloud-side component deploying a twin platform; the twin platform comprises: A super equipment management platform is used to construct a twin model of a highway tunnel and to manage and control the highway tunnel based on the twin model. The twin visual interface interacts with the super device management platform.

[0012] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS includes, among other things, a multi-protocol access gateway, a rule engine, an edge inference system, and a dual-active offline warehouse. The multi-protocol access gateway is used for accessing end-side components; The rule engine is used to trigger millisecond-level linkage of the end-side components that are connected to the edge-side components; The edge inference system is used to infer tunnel data uploaded by the end-side components in order to monitor tunnel events in the highway tunnel. The dual-active offline warehouse is used to store tunnel data when the side-side components are offline.

[0013] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS, wherein the side-side components employ a distributed photovoltaic system as a green energy support layer, the distributed photovoltaic system comprising: Solar panels are used to convert solar energy into direct current (DC). An inverter assembly, connected to the solar panel, is used to convert the direct current generated by the solar panel into alternating current. An IoT data acquisition agent is connected to the inverter component and is used to collect device data from the inverter component. The cloud IoT management platform communicates with the IoT data acquisition agent and is used to manage the device data uploaded by the IoT data acquisition agent.

[0014] The aforementioned highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS includes an IoT data acquisition agent that transmits device data to a cloud IoT management platform via the MQTT protocol; the cloud IoT management platform uses an agent to transfer the data flow to an object storage service for storage via a rule engine, and then writes it to a distributed file system after processing through a distributed link.

[0015] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, this application provides a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS. The system includes end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components connected via communication. The end-side components include controllers and adapters. The controllers connect to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel and automatically network with the adapters. The adapters also connect to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel. This application forms a "cloud-edge-end" topology through the end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components, realizing centralized management and unified monitoring of the electromechanical equipment in the highway tunnel, reducing the workload and cost of manual inspections. Simultaneously, by utilizing the distributed soft bus of the open-source HarmonyOS system, the communication efficiency and data interaction capabilities between the end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components are enhanced, improving the accuracy and timeliness of tunnel event detection and reducing false alarm rates. In the event of a fault, the end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components can quickly coordinate and respond, reducing the time required for multi-department coordination, effectively shortening troubleshooting time, and improving operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS provided in this application embodiment.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a functional architecture diagram of the twin platform.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a business architecture diagram for a distributed photovoltaic system.

[0020] Figure 4 A device deployment architecture diagram for a specific example.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a confusion matrix. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This application provides a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS. To make the purpose, technical solution, and effects of this application clearer and more explicit, the following detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0023] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this application means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we say an element is “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. Furthermore, “connected” or “coupled” as used herein can include wireless connections or wireless coupling. The term “and / or” as used herein includes all or any units and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0024] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have the same meaning as in the context of the prior art, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined as herein.

[0025] It should be understood that the sequence number and size of each step in this embodiment do not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process is determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of this application embodiment.

[0026] The application content will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments.

[0027] This embodiment provides a highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the control system includes end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components connected via communication. All three components—cloud-side, edge-side, and end-side—are deployed with the open-source HarmonyOS system, forming a cloud-edge-end structure. The end-side components connect to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel. The edge-side components monitor tunnel events based on tunnel data uploaded by the end-side components. The cloud-side components manage the tunnel data uploaded by the edge-side components. This application constructs a "cloud-edge-end" topology, which utilizes distributed soft bus technology to improve the efficiency and stability of communication between end-side, edge-side, and cloud-side components, ensuring rapid and accurate transmission of tunnel data and providing strong support for timely monitoring and control of tunnel events. Furthermore, the openness and compatibility of the open-source HarmonyOS system facilitates system integration with various electromechanical equipment, enabling centralized management and unified monitoring of highway tunnel electromechanical equipment.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, the end-side components include a controller and an adapter. The controller connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel and automatically networks with the adapter. That is, the controller is compatible not only with the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel but also with the adapter. Therefore, in one specific implementation, the controller is equipped with a PLC logic compatibility engine and an I / O extension module for the adapter. The PLC logic compatibility engine connects to the electromechanical equipment in the highway tunnel that uses PLC control logic, and the I / O extension module is used to connect to the adapter for networking. The adapter connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel, and the equipment connected to the adapter is not compatible with the controller. For example, the controller connects to fans, lane indicators, fire pumps, etc., deployed in the highway tunnel via a first communication method, while the adapter connects to sensors, valves, electric heat tracing devices, etc., deployed in the highway tunnel via a second communication method.

[0029] The controller supports multiple connectivity protocols, such as Ethernet, GAN, and 4G / 5G. It connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed on the highway using these protocols; for example, the controller can connect to the equipment via Ethernet or via 4G / 5G. Furthermore, the electromechanical equipment connected to the controller can use different connectivity protocols. For instance, if the controller supports Ethernet, GAN, and 4G / 5G, and equipment A supports Ethernet, equipment B supports GAN, and equipment C supports 5G, then the controller can connect to equipment A via Ethernet, equipment B via GAN, and equipment C via 5G.

[0030] The adapter also supports multiple communication methods, such as RS-485 and ZigBee. It can flexibly select the appropriate communication method for connection based on the characteristics of the connected electromechanical equipment. For example, for sensors that are close to each other and have a small amount of data transmission, the adapter can use RS-485 communication; while for electromechanical equipment that is mobile or distributed, the adapter can use ZigBee communication to achieve data exchange.

[0031] The controller and adapter automatically network via a soft bus, where the networking protocol used includes at least one of StarFlash, Bluetooth, or Ethernet. This means the controller and adapter can flexibly choose from StarFlash, Bluetooth, or Ethernet networking protocols for automatic networking based on the actual application scenario and requirements. In scenarios requiring extremely high data transmission rates and low-latency communication, such as real-time acquisition of operating parameters of critical electromechanical equipment within the tunnel, the StarFlash networking protocol can be selected, ensuring high-speed and stable data transmission between the controller and adapter. In scenarios with strict power consumption requirements and relatively small data transmission volumes, such as data transmission from low-power sensors, the Bluetooth networking protocol can be selected, offering advantages such as low power consumption and low cost. In scenarios requiring long-distance, highly stable data transmission, such as connecting multiple electromechanical devices distributed in different areas of the tunnel, the Ethernet networking protocol can be selected, providing reliable communication guarantees.

[0032] This embodiment first connects the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel via controllers and adapters, and then automatically networks the controllers and adapters via a soft bus. This achieves centralized access and data integration for heterogeneous electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel (such as equipment from different manufacturers), bringing together the various electromechanical equipment systems that were traditionally independently constructed and maintained, facilitating unified management and monitoring. This centralized access and data integration method solves the problems caused by the independent construction and maintenance of each equipment system under the traditional "siloed" architecture.

[0033] In one embodiment, the edge-side component can be an edge-side integrated appliance, which includes a hyperconverged virtualization platform and edge resources. The edge resources may include a multi-protocol access gateway, a rule engine, an edge inference system, and a dual-active offline warehouse. The hyperconverged virtualization platform and edge resources collaborate to achieve multi-protocol southbound access, rule engine execution, and edge AI inference. The hyperconverged virtualization platform is responsible for packet parsing and plug-and-play device functionality. For example, it can effectively convert and process sensor data using the Modbus protocol and device status information based on the CAN bus, ensuring data consistency and integrity. The multi-protocol access gateway is used to access the end-side component. The rule engine is used to trigger millisecond-level linkage of the end-side components accessing the edge-side component. For example, when the carbon monoxide concentration in the tunnel exceeds a safety threshold, the rule engine immediately triggers a corresponding alarm mechanism and automatically adjusts the operating status of the ventilation equipment, increasing ventilation to reduce the concentration of harmful gases. The edge inference system is used to infer tunnel events based on tunnel data uploaded by the edge components to monitor the highway tunnels. For example, it can predict in real time fan vibration, CO / VI curves, and fire water pressure trends, and feed the prediction results back to the cloud components, allowing the cloud components to fine-tune the edge AI inference model using the prediction results. The dual-active offline warehouse is used to store tunnel data when the edge components are offline.

[0034] Furthermore, the edge-side appliance supports virtual machines via a hyper-converged virtualization platform. When the host hardware fails, the business virtual machine migrates to the backup machine in real time, ensuring zero interruption of tunnel-level monitoring and data services. The edge-side components can include multiple controllers. Hot standby is achieved among these controllers through soft bus hardware resource sharing and atomic application migration via the edge-side appliance. When one controller fails, adjacent controllers can take over the I / O and linkage rules of the failed controller within less than 5 seconds to maintain the pre-defined operational strategies of the connected electromechanical equipment (such as fans, lighting, and fire pumps), ensuring basic safe operation of the tunnel without manual intervention.

[0035] This application embodiment achieves efficient processing and intelligent decision-making of tunnel data by edge components through the collaborative work of a hyperconverged virtualization platform, a rule engine, and an edge AI inference model. The hyperconverged virtualization platform's packet parsing and plug-and-play device functionality enable smooth access and integration of data from various electromechanical devices using different protocols. The rule engine's millisecond-level local linkage capability allows for rapid response to anomalies within the tunnel, taking timely measures to ensure the safe operation of the tunnel. The edge AI inference model's real-time prediction function provides decision-making support for cloud components, improving the accuracy of event detection. The edge AI inference model can be fine-tuned by cloud components at preset intervals (e.g., weekly).

[0036] For example, the edge AI inference model can employ a lightweight mini-model. This mini-model takes current, leakage current, shaft temperature, vibration amplitude, and vibration frequency as inputs and outputs the system status of the fan, which exhibits both mechanical wear and electrical aging failure modes. The system status can be normal, sub-healthy, or faulty. Furthermore, when the system status is faulty, the edge AI inference model can also provide an early warning, which includes a local audible and visual alarm and generates a work order to be reported to the cloud component.

[0037] Furthermore, in practical applications, factors such as high humidity and strong electromagnetic fields in highway tunnels can lead to noise in the collected current, leakage current, shaft temperature, vibration amplitude, and vibration frequency. Therefore, before using the edge AI inference model for inference, the collected input data can be preprocessed, such as through moving average filtering, adaptive quantization, and dynamic bit width adjustment. This ensures a false alarm rate of less than 2% even in an 85% humidity environment, meeting the requirements for uninterrupted operation throughout the year in long mountain tunnels.

[0038] This application embodiment extracts features from real-time waveforms using an edge AI inference model, outputting three operating statuses. If a fault is predicted, the system immediately triggers a local audible and visual alarm and simultaneously reports it to the cloud to generate a maintenance work order, reducing manual inspection workload by 80%. The cloud retrains the model weekly based on new data and pushes the updated model version to the edge in a gray-scale manner, continuously improving inference accuracy with data accumulation. This entire solution forms a closed-loop detection system of "cloud training - edge inference - edge alarm," providing 24 / 7 intelligent monitoring services for tunnel electromechanical equipment.

[0039] In one embodiment, the cloud-side component is the core of the highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS. It adopts the open-source HarmonyOS system and carries an electromechanical equipment software library, a data service system, and an operation gate system. The electromechanical equipment software library provides atomic applications for the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel, such as atomic applications for ventilation equipment, lighting equipment, fire-fighting equipment, and energy-saving equipment, ensuring rapid iteration and deployment of these atomic applications. The data service system aggregates a super object model library for the entire road network and supports monitoring of the highway tunnel, such as providing semantic queries of equipment capabilities, cross-segment data open interfaces, and digital twin base map rendering. The operation gate system connects to the edge-side component, enabling centralized configuration of organizations, roles, permissions, and OTA upgrade policies, supporting multi-tenant isolation, and meeting provincial-level operational needs.

[0040] The "cloud-edge-device" three-layer architecture in this embodiment, through the close collaboration of cloud-side components, edge-side integrated machines, and controllers / adapters, enables the cloud-side components to provide adaptation and management services for various edge-side electromechanical devices, ensuring the stable operation of different devices. Edge-side electromechanical devices upload data to the edge-side components via a robust connection and networking method; the edge-side components then efficiently process and analyze the data before transmitting key data and intelligent decision-making information to the cloud-side components. This "cloud-edge-device" three-layer architecture integrates previously independent electromechanical systems into a cohesive whole, breaking down information barriers between different electromechanical systems in traditional architectures and enabling information sharing and interaction. Simultaneously, it allows the entire highway tunnel management system to respond rapidly to emergencies, effectively reducing the severity of accidents and significantly improving the operational safety and management efficiency of highway tunnels.

[0041] For example, when sensors in a certain area of ​​the tunnel detect abnormalities such as fire smoke or water accumulation, the controller and adapter on the edge side quickly upload the relevant data to the edge-side component. The hyperconverged virtualization platform of the edge-side component then analyzes the data, and the rule engine quickly triggers local linkages (such as activating the corresponding area's fire-fighting equipment and drainage equipment). The edge AI inference model predicts the development trend of the abnormality and simultaneously uploads the data and prediction results to the cloud-side component. Based on the received information, the cloud-side component uses atomic applications in the electromechanical equipment software library to implement precise control and adjustment of the relevant electromechanical equipment (such as automatically adjusting the wind speed and direction of ventilation equipment to remove smoke). At the same time, the data service system can also analyze and process data from the entire road network, providing comprehensive decision support for managers, including determining the scope of an accident's impact and allocating surrounding resources.

[0042] In one embodiment, to ensure the stability of communication between the end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components, each component may be equipped with dual communication channels, including a primary communication channel and a backup communication channel. The primary communication channel is used to handle the main data transmission tasks during daily operation, ensuring that data can flow efficiently and stably between the components. For example, under normal circumstances, the end-side components transmit real-time operating data of the electromechanical equipment in the tunnel (such as the speed of the fan, the brightness of the lighting equipment, etc.) to the edge-side components through the primary communication channel; the edge-side components then promptly transmit the processed data and decision information to the cloud-side components through the primary communication channel.

[0043] A backup communication channel serves as a backup mechanism, functioning in case the primary communication channel fails or malfunctions. The backup communication channel can employ different communication technologies or network lines than the primary channel to reduce the risk of both channels failing simultaneously due to the same source of failure. Specifically, the primary communication channel uses a combination of fiber optic and soft bus, while the backup communication channel uses a mobile network (such as a 4G / 5G wireless network); in other words, the backup communication channel is built upon a mobile network.

[0044] This application embodiment employs a hybrid link with "fiber optic + soft bus" as the main communication channel and 4G / 5G as the backup communication channel, which effectively improves the reliability and stability of communication. When the main communication channel is operating normally, the combination of fiber optic and soft bus provides high-speed, stable, and low-latency data transmission, meeting the system's demand for real-time interaction of large amounts of data. When the main communication channel is interrupted due to natural disasters, equipment failures, or other reasons, the backup mobile network channel can quickly take over the communication task, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission between end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud components. This allows the highway tunnel system to maintain good communication even under various complex conditions. For example, when the tunnel area experiences heavy rain, earthquakes, or other disasters that damage fiber optic lines, the backup 4G / 5G channel can continue to maintain system communication, ensuring real-time monitoring and control of the electromechanical equipment within the tunnel. Simultaneously, the existence of the backup channel also facilitates system maintenance and upgrades. When the main communication channel is being repaired or optimized, the backup channel ensures the normal operation of the system, preventing communication interruptions from affecting the safe operation of the tunnel.

[0045] Furthermore, this application embodiment combines a hybrid link including a main communication channel and a backup communication channel with StarFlash communication and network enhancement capabilities in a highway tunnel scenario. The soft bus automatically discovers nodes such as controllers and adapters within the same highway tunnel, utilizes the low-latency physical link of StarFlash to complete millisecond-level adjacency detection, and then carries control signaling and media streams via fiber optics or high-bandwidth Ethernet to achieve "wired + wireless" hybrid transmission. When a main communication channel experiences packet loss or jitter, the soft bus can seamlessly switch to the backup communication channel within 100ms, ensuring uninterrupted real-time control of fans, lighting, etc., meeting the rigid requirements of tunnel services for high reliability and low latency.

[0046] In one embodiment, to ensure the security of communication between the end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud components, encrypted communication can be used between them. Encrypted communication refers to transmitting data in an encrypted manner, and this data is ciphertext data. The encryption method can be to pre-negotiate a session key among the end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud components (such as dynamically generating a key through SM2 key negotiation), and then encrypt and transmit the data based on the negotiated session key. The data to be transmitted itself is ciphertext data, which can be formed by encrypting plaintext transmitted data using SM4 block encryption and SM2 signature. This embodiment of the application, through the combination of session key, SM4 block encryption, and SM2 signature, achieves "one key per device, one session per transaction," preventing replay and man-in-the-middle attacks, and ensuring end-to-end trustworthiness of the tunnel electromechanical network in an open environment.

[0047] Furthermore, to further enhance communication security, secure verification can be performed between the end-side components, edge-side components, and cloud-side components. Specifically, the edge-side component performs firmware signature verification upon startup and uploads startup logs to the cloud-side component after successful firmware signature verification. The cloud-side component performs remote authentication of the edge-side component based on the startup logs and refuses access to the edge-side component and triggers an alarm if the remote authentication fails. The remote authentication includes at least one of the following: signature verification, version number verification, or hardware verification. This effectively prevents unauthorized devices from accessing the system and ensures the system's communication security. Simultaneously, through the coordination of encrypted communication, dual communication channels, and millisecond-level redundant switching, the tunnel electromechanical network achieves control continuity and data integrity under adverse scenarios such as link jitter, device disconnection, or host failure, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the highway tunnel monitoring system.

[0048] In one embodiment, the cloud-side component deploys a twin platform, which includes a super device management platform and a twin visual interface. The super device management platform is used to construct a twin model of a highway tunnel and manage the highway tunnel based on the twin model; the twin visual interface is used to display the twin model of the highway tunnel. The super device management platform achieves plug-and-play functionality for various heterogeneous electromechanical devices through the unification of "capability-service-event" three-level semantics.

[0049] Specifically, the super equipment management platform abstracts all electromechanical events in the tunnel into three layers: "capability-service-event". The capability layer fixes the range, rated power, communication parameters, etc. The service layer configures open interfaces for start / stop, speed adjustment, dimming, smoke exhaust, etc., and marks synchronous / asynchronous attributes. The event layer reports abnormal states such as CO exceeding the standard, fan failure, and low fire water pressure, with the level, timestamp and suggested action. This allows heterogeneous electromechanical equipment from different manufacturers to be connected to the super equipment management platform, and will not cause incompatibility problems due to different manufacturers' inconsistent descriptions of the same equipment.

[0050] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, the super device management platform is used to manage virtual super devices, including super object model definition, networking, spatial topology, capability invocation, operation logs, applications and services, and edge-cloud collaboration. This virtual super device is a twin of the super device, composed of edge-side components and electromechanical equipment deployed in highway tunnels via a distributed soft bus. Specifically, the super device forms a twin through edge-cloud collaborative bidirectional mapping, and this twin serves as the virtual super device. The super device management platform generates control commands and / or service events based on this virtual super device, and then distributes these commands and / or service events to the ultrasonic equipment through edge-cloud collaborative bidirectional mapping, enabling the device nodes within the super device to respond to the control commands and / or service events. Furthermore, the super device management platform interacts with the twin visual UI through an API interface to achieve automated control based on capability orchestration, such as fire linkage, automatic locking, and automatic light switching.

[0051] This application embodiment integrates highway tunnel electromechanical equipment into a "capability-service-event" structure through a super equipment management platform, achieving efficient integration and management of highway tunnel electromechanical equipment. This not only solves the compatibility problem of heterogeneous equipment but also enables precise control of the electromechanical equipment through virtual super equipment management and edge-cloud collaborative bidirectional mapping, improving the operational efficiency and safety of highway tunnels. For example, in the event of an emergency such as a fire in the tunnel, the super equipment management platform can quickly generate corresponding control commands based on the virtual super equipment and issue them to the actual electromechanical equipment through edge-cloud collaborative bidirectional mapping. Ventilation equipment will automatically adjust wind speed and direction according to the commands to expel smoke from the tunnel; lighting equipment will adjust brightness to provide good visual conditions for rescue and evacuation; and fire-fighting equipment will immediately activate to carry out fire-fighting operations. The entire process is achieved through automated control, enabling a rapid response to emergencies and reducing the severity of accidents.

[0052] In one embodiment, the side-side component employs a distributed photovoltaic (PV) system as a green energy support layer. This distributed PV system utilizes an inverter to convert the direct current (DC) generated by the solar panels into alternating current (AC). This system reduces transmission losses, maximizes the utilization of solar energy resources, and improves the reliability and flexibility of energy supply. The distributed PV system includes solar panels, an inverter assembly, an IoT data acquisition agent, and a cloud IoT management platform. The solar panels convert solar energy into DC; the inverter assembly is connected to the solar panels and converts the DC power generated by the solar panels into AC; the IoT data acquisition agent is connected to the inverter assembly and collects device data from the inverter assembly; the cloud IoT management platform is communicatively connected to the IoT data acquisition agent and manages the device data uploaded by the IoT data acquisition agent. The inverter assembly can use inverters from different manufacturers. The IoT data acquisition agent transmits device data to the cloud IoT management platform via the MQTT protocol. The cloud IoT management platform uses an agent to transfer the data flow to an object storage service for storage through a rule engine, and then processes it through a distributed link before writing it to a distributed file system.

[0053] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the cloud IoT management platform performs tasks such as security authentication, multi-protocol access, standard object model definition, rule engine, and message processing to ensure accurate data collection and effective data flow. The IoT Data Acquisition Agent (IoTDA) uses the rule engine to transfer data to Object Storage Service (OBS) for storage. Subsequently, the data is processed via Distributed Link Provider (DLI-Flink) and written to Distributed File System (DWS), facilitating data governance. Simultaneously, data flows to Message Queue Storage (MRS) for big data cleaning and processing, supporting artificial intelligence analysis and data mining. This not only improves the efficiency of data collection and processing but also enhances the system's reliability and security.

[0054] This application embodiment uses a distributed photovoltaic system as the green energy support layer for the edge components, enabling on-site energy production and consumption, reducing energy loss caused by long-distance power transmission, and improving land use efficiency. Furthermore, the combination of the distributed photovoltaic system and the energy storage system not only further improves energy utilization efficiency but also enhances the stability and disaster resistance of the power supply network of the monitoring system in this application embodiment.

[0055] To further illustrate the highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS provided in this application, a specific example is given below. In this example, highway tunnel A is selected to construct the control system. Highway tunnel A is equipped with 78 types of electromechanical equipment, including jet fans, CO / VI detectors, variable message signs, and fire pumps. Specifically, as... Figure 4 As shown, two JiHong controllers and 18 JiHong adapters are deployed in each of the left and right tunnels of highway tunnel A, forming a super device through a distributed soft bus network of electromechanical equipment. A JiHong integrated machine (i.e., edge-side component) is deployed at the tunnel management station, responsible for edge inference and local data caching. Only the model repository and operation and maintenance portal are accessible on the cloud side, minimizing computing power investment. The edge-side component adopts a hybrid architecture of "gigabit fiber optic + star-flash blind spot compensation".

[0056] To comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of this application, the five basic monitoring parameters already deployed on-site—operating current, leakage current, shaft temperature, vibration amplitude, and vibration frequency—were retained, and a continuous second-level sampling stream was formed at the edge. The platform normalizes the time-series vector in a 30-second window and then sends it to the edge AI inference model for detection and early warning, outputting three-class probabilities: "normal," "warning," and "error." When the "error" probability is greater than 0.8 and persists for three consecutive windows, an early warning work order is immediately generated and written to the database for subsequent statistical analysis.

[0057] To obtain traceable performance, 30 days of early warning logs and maintenance receipts were acquired, with fields including: device ID, early warning time, fault description, and maintenance conclusion. To evaluate the early warning performance of this application, positive and negative samples were constructed. Positive samples refer to fault events accurately predicted by the model, i.e., "alarms triggered and actual faults exist"; negative samples include two cases: "alarms triggered but no faults exist" and "alarms not triggered but actual faults exist." Based on this, a confusion matrix was constructed, as follows: Figure 5 As shown. The accuracy is calculated using equations (1) and (2) based on the confusion matrix. and Recall rate: (1) (2) in, The number of times an alert is triggered and a real fault exists. The number of times an alert was triggered but no fault occurred. This refers to the number of instances where a real fault occurred without triggering a warning. The five basic detection quantities and two warning evaluation indicators are combined to form the wind turbine fault diagnosis performance index, as detailed in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1 Performance Indicators for Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis

[0059] As shown in Table 1, the edge AI inference model triggered approximately 180 warnings during the 30-day trial run, with an accuracy of 0.83 and a recall rate of 0.91. This indicates that the wind turbine failure missed rate is less than 10%, while the false alarms remain within an acceptable range, verifying the effectiveness and engineering applicability of this application in electromechanical health monitoring.

[0060] To quantitatively evaluate the overall benefits of this application compared to the traditional PLC architecture, the verification work conducted parallel tests on four key indicators—manual inspection, emergency response, energy consumption, and online rate—under the same operating conditions. The comparison indicators are shown in Table 2.

[0061] Table 2 System-level Comparison Indicators

[0062] As shown in Table 2, during the 30-day verification at the Toudaogou Tunnel, this application demonstrated significant advantages over traditional PLC-based systems in key performance indicators. Specifically, manual inspection hours were reduced by approximately 80%, from 1460 hours per kilometer per year to approximately 300 hours. Emergency response time was significantly shortened, from approximately 10 minutes to approximately 1 minute, improving emergency response efficiency. Regarding lighting energy consumption, this application achieved an energy reduction of approximately 18.7%, resulting in a cumulative energy saving of 1.2 MWh over 30 days, corresponding to a reduction in carbon emissions of approximately 0.9 tons. The equipment online rate remained at 99.2%, ensuring high system reliability. These data fully demonstrate the enormous potential of this application in improving tunnel operation efficiency and reducing costs.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A highway tunnel system based on open source Hongmeng, characterized in that, The highway tunnel system based on the open-source HarmonyOS includes: An end-side component, comprising a controller and an adapter, wherein the controller connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel and automatically networks with the adapter, and the adapter connects to the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel; The side component is connected to the end component via dual communication channels and is used to monitor tunnel events in the highway tunnel based on tunnel data uploaded by the end component. The cloud-side component is connected to the edge-side component via dual communication channels and is used to manage and control the tunnel data uploaded by the edge-side component. The cloud-side component, the edge-side component, and the terminal-side component are all deployed with the open-source HarmonyOS system.

2. The open source Homenet based highway tunnel system according to claim 1, wherein, The connection protocol between the controller and the electromechanical equipment includes at least one of Ethernet, GAN, or 4G / 5G. The controller automatically forms a network with the adapter via a soft bus. The networking protocol used by the soft bus includes at least one of StarFlash, Bluetooth, or Ethernet.

3. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual communication channels include a main communication channel combining optical fiber and soft bus, and a backup communication channel built on a mobile network.

4. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side component is also used to perform firmware signature verification at startup and upload startup logs to the cloud component after the firmware signature verification is successful. The cloud-side component is also used to remotely authenticate the edge component based on the startup log, and to refuse access to the edge component and trigger an alarm when the remote authentication fails. The remote authentication includes at least one of verifying the signature, verifying the version number, or verifying the hardware reference.

5. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 1, characterized in that, Encrypted communication is used between the end-side component and the edge-side component, and between the edge-side component and the cloud-side component. Encrypted communication refers to transmitting data through a session key. The data to be transmitted is ciphertext data formed by encrypting plaintext data using SM4 block encryption and SM2 signature.

6. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud-side components include an electromechanical equipment software library, a data service system, and an operation gate system; The electromechanical equipment software library is used to provide atomized applications for the electromechanical equipment deployed in the highway tunnel; The data service system is used to aggregate a super physical model library of the entire road network and to provide support for the monitoring of highway tunnels; The operating gate system is used to connect to the side components.

7. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that, The cloud-side component is deployed with a twin platform; the twin platform includes: A super equipment management platform is used to construct a twin model of a highway tunnel and to manage and control the highway tunnel based on the twin model. The twin visual interface interacts with the super device management platform.

8. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge components include a multi-protocol access gateway, a rule engine, an edge inference system, and a dual-active offline repository; The multi-protocol access gateway is used for accessing end-side components; The rule engine is used to trigger millisecond-level linkage of the end-side components that are connected to the edge-side components; The edge inference system is used to infer tunnel data uploaded by the end-side components in order to monitor tunnel events in the highway tunnel. The dual-active offline warehouse is used to store tunnel data when the side-side components are offline.

9. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that, The side-side components employ a distributed photovoltaic system as a green energy support layer, the distributed photovoltaic system comprising: Solar panels are used to convert solar energy into direct current (DC). An inverter assembly, connected to the solar panel, is used to convert the direct current generated by the solar panel into alternating current. An IoT data acquisition agent is connected to the inverter component and is used to collect device data from the inverter component. The cloud IoT management platform communicates with the IoT data acquisition agent and is used to manage the device data uploaded by the IoT data acquisition agent.

10. The highway tunnel system based on open-source HarmonyOS according to claim 9, characterized in that, The IoT data acquisition agent transmits device data to the cloud IoT management platform via the MQTT protocol; the cloud IoT management platform uses the agent to transfer the data flow to the object storage service for storage through the rule engine, and then writes it to the distributed file system after processing through the distributed link.

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