A method and apparatus for calculating power using the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules.

Abstract

This invention discloses a power calculation method and apparatus utilizing the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules, relating to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology. The method includes: establishing a connection model of the internal components of the photovoltaic module and determining the connection method of each component; constructing a calculation model for the current-voltage characteristic curve of a single photovoltaic component; selecting a reference component based on the connection method and temperature of each component within the photovoltaic module; calculating the current-voltage characteristic curve of the reference component based on the calculation model; calculating the current-voltage characteristic curves of other components based on the current-voltage characteristic curve of the reference component and the temperature of each component; superimposing the current-voltage characteristic curves of each component according to the connection method within the photovoltaic module to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module, and calculating the power generation of the photovoltaic module. This invention improves the accuracy of photovoltaic module power generation calculation and can be used to achieve higher-precision photovoltaic module power generation prediction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a power calculation method and apparatus that utilizes the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is affected by various environmental factors, exhibiting strong volatility and difficulty in prediction. Developing more accurate methods for calculating photovoltaic module power will facilitate better prediction of photovoltaic power generation.

[0003] Temperature is a crucial factor affecting the output power of photovoltaic (PV) modules, and most PV power predictions take module temperature into account. However, the vast majority of PV power prediction (calculation) methods treat the PV module as a uniform whole, using a single temperature value as the temperature of the entire module. This method clearly does not match the actual operating conditions of PV modules and is not conducive to more accurate power prediction (calculation) of PV modules.

[0004] Currently, there are relatively mature methods for predicting the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a matching power calculation method that utilizes the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules to improve the accuracy of photovoltaic power generation prediction. This would better address the severe challenges posed by the large number of photovoltaic power generation systems connected to the grid to the power system's dispatch, operational stability, and power quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a power calculation method and apparatus that utilizes the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a power calculation method utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module, the method comprising the following steps: Establish a model for the internal component layout and connection of photovoltaic modules, and determine the connection method of each component; Construct a calculation model for the current-voltage characteristic curve of a single photovoltaic device; A reference device is selected based on the connection method of the components within the photovoltaic module and the temperature of each component. Based on the current-voltage characteristic curve calculation model, the current-voltage characteristic curve of the reference device is calculated; Calculate the current-voltage characteristic curves of other devices based on the current-voltage characteristic curves of the reference device and the temperature of each device; Based on the connection method of the devices in the photovoltaic module, the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device are superimposed to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module. The power generation of the photovoltaic module is calculated based on its current-voltage characteristic curve.

[0008] Optionally, establishing the internal component layout and connection model of the photovoltaic module includes: The photovoltaic module is modeled as an array of M×N photovoltaic devices, where M represents the number of photovoltaic devices in each series and N represents the number of groups in parallel, and both M and N are positive integers greater than 1. Within the same group, M photovoltaic devices are connected in series, and between groups, N groups of devices are connected in parallel.

[0009] Optionally, the construction of the current-voltage characteristic curve calculation model applicable to a single photovoltaic device includes: Based on the equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, diode, series resistor, and parallel resistor, a current-voltage relationship function for a single photovoltaic device is established. The input parameters of the current-voltage relationship function include device temperature and irradiance.

[0010] Optionally, the selection of the reference device includes: For each group of devices connected in series, the device with the lowest temperature in that group is selected as the reference device for that group.

[0011] Optionally, the calculation of the current-voltage characteristic curves of other devices includes: Perform the following for each other device located in the same series branch as the reference device: Set the current value of this device to be the same as the current value of the reference device; Calculate the voltage offset of the device based on the temperature difference between the device and the reference device and the voltage temperature coefficient. The voltage offset of the device is added to the voltage value of the reference device to obtain the voltage value of the device; The current-voltage characteristic curve of the device is obtained by combining the current and voltage values ​​of the device.

[0012] Optionally, the superposition of the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module includes sequentially performing a series superposition stage and a parallel superposition stage, wherein: The series superposition stage includes: For each series branch, the voltage value of each device in the series branch at each current sampling point is obtained at multiple current sampling points. The total voltage of the series branch at this current sampling point is obtained by summing the voltage values ​​of each device at the same current sampling point. The combined volt-ampere characteristic curve of the series branch is determined by each current sampling point and its corresponding total voltage. The parallel superposition stage includes: At multiple voltage sampling points, the combined volt-ampere characteristic curve of each series branch is obtained at each voltage sampling point, and the output current value is obtained at each voltage sampling point. The total output current of the photovoltaic module at this voltage sampling point is obtained by summing the output current values ​​of all series branches at the same voltage sampling point. The volt-ampere characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module is determined by each voltage sampling point and its corresponding total output current.

[0013] Optionally, the calculation of the power generation of the photovoltaic module includes: Based on the voltage-current data pairs on the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module, the instantaneous power corresponding to each voltage point is calculated. Based on each voltage point and its corresponding instantaneous power, the power-voltage curve of the photovoltaic module is generated; The maximum power point in the power-voltage curve is determined as the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides a power calculation device utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module, for implementing the power calculation method utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module as described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising: The module includes a component model module, a device model module, a current-voltage calculation module, a superposition calculation module, and a power calculation module, among which: The component model module is used to establish the internal component layout and connection model of photovoltaic modules, determine the connection method of each component, and select the reference component. The device model module is used to construct a calculation model for the current-voltage characteristic curve of a single photovoltaic device based on the power generation principle of the photovoltaic device. The current-voltage calculation module is used to calculate the current-voltage characteristic curves of reference devices and other devices; The superposition calculation module is used to superimpose the current-voltage characteristic curves of all devices to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module; The power calculation module is used to calculate the power-voltage curve based on the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module, and to complete the power generation calculation.

[0015] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when loaded onto the processor, implements a power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to a first aspect of the present invention.

[0016] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to a first aspect of the present invention.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least the following: 1. This invention fully considers the impact of uneven temperature distribution within the same photovoltaic module on the power output of each device. By calculating the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device based on its temperature and then superimposing them in a reasonable manner, higher accuracy in power calculation is achieved.

[0018] 2. This invention constructs a model for the internal device arrangement and connection of a photovoltaic module. Different superposition calculation methods are used according to the different series and parallel connection methods of the devices in the module, so that the photovoltaic module can achieve more accurate calculation of the current-voltage characteristic curve.

[0019] 3. This invention performs calculations based on the fundamental working principle of photovoltaic cells. Compared with calculation models based on historical big data, it requires less data and can perform high-precision calculations even in the absence of historical data. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal component arrangement and connection model of the photovoltaic module in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the photovoltaic device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the superposition of the series current-voltage characteristic curves of photovoltaic devices in each group in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the superposition of parallel current-voltage characteristic curves between each group in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the power-voltage curve calculated from the volt-ampere characteristic curve in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a power calculation device utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this invention. The described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the spirit of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0022] In Example 1, this invention provides a power calculation method utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the steps include the following: Step 1: Establish a model of the internal component layout and connection of the photovoltaic module, and determine the connection method of each component.

[0023] Specifically, the temperatures of different components within a photovoltaic module are not entirely the same during actual operation, resulting in differences in their output current-voltage characteristics. To better calculate the current-voltage characteristics of the entire photovoltaic module based on the different current-voltage characteristics of each component, this embodiment first establishes a model of the internal component arrangement and connection of the photovoltaic module.

[0024] Reference Figure 2 The photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment is composed of M×N photovoltaic devices connected together. The devices are divided into N groups, with M devices in each group (generally N equals 2, and M ranges from tens to hundreds). The M devices in the same group are connected in series and have the same current, which is determined by the component with the lowest current (lowest temperature); while the N groups of series devices with different currents are then connected in parallel to form the photovoltaic module.

[0025] Step 2: Construct a calculation model for the current-voltage characteristic curve of a single photovoltaic device.

[0026] Preferably, the construction of the current-voltage characteristic curve calculation model applicable to a single photovoltaic device includes: Based on the equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, diode, series resistor, and parallel resistor, a current-voltage relationship function for a single photovoltaic device is established. The input parameters of the current-voltage relationship function include device temperature and irradiance.

[0027] Specifically, for a single photovoltaic device (such as a solar cell), its equivalent circuit is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the following formula is satisfied:

[0028] In the formula, I The current density flowing through the load; Photocurrent density; I dark This represents the dark current density flowing through the diode; I sh Let be the current density flowing through the parallel resistor. The calculation formulas are as follows:

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, a I The current temperature coefficient; I sc,refThe short-circuit current density under standard test conditions; t Indicates the temperature of the photovoltaic device; I 0 represents the reverse saturation current density; q represents the unit charge. m D This is the diode ideality factor; Boltzmann's constant; V This is the load voltage; R sh These are parallel resistors; R s It is a series resistor.

[0032] in, I The formula for calculating 0 is as follows:

[0033] In the formula, and V oc,ref These represent the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage under standard test conditions, respectively; aV is the voltage temperature coefficient. The temperature is 25°C, which is the standard test condition (STC). Combining the above formulas, the current-voltage relationship of the photovoltaic device satisfies the following formula:

[0034] in, Irradiance, Irradiance under standard test conditions (STC) (1000 W / m²) 2 ), which is the formula for calculating the current-voltage curve of a single photovoltaic device.

[0035] Step 3: Select a reference device based on the connection method of the components in the photovoltaic module and the temperature of each component.

[0036] Preferably, the selection of the reference device includes: For each group of devices connected in series, the device with the lowest temperature in that group is selected as the reference device for that group.

[0037] Specifically, the M devices in the same group are connected in series and have the same current, which is determined by the component with the lowest temperature. Therefore, the component with the lowest temperature in each group of M devices is selected as the reference component, and the entire photovoltaic module has a total of N reference components.

[0038] The temperature calculation for each component can be obtained using fluid dynamics and thermodynamics based on meteorological conditions such as irradiance, wind speed, and ambient temperature, as well as the specifications of the components themselves. This process involves two steps: ① Calculate the wind speed distribution on the surface of the components, i.e., the surface wind speed of each device, through wind speed field simulation; ② Calculate the temperature of each device based on the surface wind speed, irradiance, ambient temperature, humidity, and power generation of each device.

[0039] Step 4: Based on the current-voltage characteristic curve calculation model constructed in Step 2, calculate the current-voltage characteristic curve of the reference device.

[0040] Specifically, the known reference device temperature and irradiance are substituted into the model in step 2, and then V=0, 0.001, 0.002... (unit: volts) are substituted to obtain the corresponding I, until I is no longer greater than 0, that is, two one-dimensional arrays of equal length are obtained to represent voltage and current respectively, and the current-voltage characteristic curve is plotted accordingly.

[0041] Step 5: Calculate the current-voltage characteristic curves of other devices based on the current-voltage characteristic curves of the reference device and the temperature of each device.

[0042] Preferably, the calculation of the current-voltage characteristic curves of other devices includes: Perform the following for each other device located in the same series branch as the reference device: Set the current value of this device to be the same as the current value of the reference device; Calculate the voltage offset of the device based on the temperature difference between the device and the reference device and the voltage temperature coefficient. The voltage offset of the device is added to the voltage value of the reference device to obtain the voltage value of the device; The current-voltage characteristic curve of the device is obtained by combining the current and voltage values ​​of the device.

[0043] Specifically, the current of each group of M devices is the same as that of the reference device in that group, and they have the same current array. The voltage array outside the reference device is calculated as follows:

[0044] In the formula, V 0 indicates the voltage array of the reference device within this group; V i and t i These represent the voltage and temperature of the i-th device in the group of M devices, respectively. The above calculations are performed on all N groups of devices, thereby obtaining the current and voltage arrays for the other devices, and using these arrays to plot the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device.

[0045] Step 6: Based on the connection method of the components in the photovoltaic module, superimpose the current-voltage characteristic curves of each component to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module, and calculate the power generation of the photovoltaic module.

[0046] Preferably, the superposition of the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module includes sequentially performing a series superposition stage and a parallel superposition stage, wherein: The series superposition stage includes: For each series branch, the voltage value of each device in the series branch at each current sampling point is obtained at multiple current sampling points. The total voltage of the series branch at this current sampling point is obtained by summing the voltage values ​​of each device at the same current sampling point. The combined volt-ampere characteristic curve of the series branch is determined by each current sampling point and its corresponding total voltage. The parallel superposition stage includes: At multiple voltage sampling points, the combined volt-ampere characteristic curve of each series branch is obtained at each voltage sampling point, and the output current value is obtained at each voltage sampling point. The total output current of the photovoltaic module at this voltage sampling point is obtained by summing the output current values ​​of all series branches at the same voltage sampling point. The volt-ampere characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module is determined by each voltage sampling point and its corresponding total output current.

[0047] Specifically, the devices within each group are connected in series, while those outside the group are connected in parallel. Therefore, it is necessary to superimpose the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device in different ways, which can be divided into two steps: Step 6.1: The M devices in each group are connected in series. The superposition calculation method is to add the voltages when the currents are the same, thereby obtaining the current-voltage characteristic curves of each group. The relevant schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the curves with different gray levels represent the current-voltage curves of M devices in the group, and the black curve represents the current-voltage characteristic curve of the group of devices connected in series. I scC This represents the short-circuit current of the group, and is also the short-circuit current of the reference device; V oc1 , V oc2 ... V ocM This indicates the open-circuit voltage of each device in the group. V ocC This represents the open-circuit voltage of the group of devices connected in series.

[0048] According to Kirchhoff's theorem, they can be calculated using the following formula:

[0049] Similarly, the specific calculation method for the current-voltage characteristic curve of M components connected in series is as follows: Step 6.1.1: Take a series of points on the current axis. I a(a = 1, 2, 3 ... n).

[0050] Step 6.1.2: For each current value, find the corresponding voltage value from the volt-ampere curves of the M devices. V b,a (b = 1, 2, 3...M).

[0051] Step 6.1.3: Sum all the voltage values ​​corresponding to each current value to obtain the total voltage for that current:

[0052] Step 6.1.4: Put all ( V a , I a By connecting the points and fitting them together, the current-voltage characteristic curve of the M devices in series is formed. From this, the current-voltage characteristic curve of each of the N groups of devices can be obtained.

[0053] Step 6.2: Connect the N groups in parallel, and superimpose the current-voltage characteristic curves of each group by adding the currents at the same voltage level. This yields the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module, as shown in the schematic diagram. Figure 5 As shown, the curves with different gray levels represent the current-voltage curves of each group of devices, and the black curve represents the current-voltage characteristic curves of each group of devices connected in parallel. I scC1 , I scC2 ... I scCN This indicates the short-circuit current of each group; V ocC1 , V ocC2 ... V ocCN Indicate the open-circuit voltage of each group (as assumed in the figure). V ocC1 (The maximum open-circuit voltage of each group). I scB and V ocB The short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage of each group connected in parallel satisfy the following formula:

[0054] Similarly, the specific calculation method for the current-voltage characteristic curve of N groups of devices connected in parallel is as follows: Step 6.2.1: Take a series of points on the voltage axis V a (a = 1, 2, 3 ... n).

[0055] Step 6.2.2: For each voltage value V a Find the corresponding current values ​​from the current-voltage curves of the N groups of devices respectively. I a,b (b = 1, 2, 3……N).

[0056] Step 6.2.3: Sum all the current values ​​corresponding to each voltage value to obtain the total current at that voltage:

[0057] Because the open-circuit voltages of the devices in each group are different, at certain voltage values, only some groups will have output current while others will not.

[0058] It should be noted that, since the bypass diodes in commercial components have a protective function to prevent reverse current, the groups with no output current can be ignored, and only the currents of the groups with output current are added together.

[0059] Step 6.2.4: Put all ( V a , I a By connecting the points and fitting them together, the current-voltage characteristic curve of the N sets of devices connected in parallel is formed, which is the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module.

[0060] Step 6.3: Based on the current-voltage characteristic curve data of the entire photovoltaic module... P=IV The power-voltage curve is calculated, from which the power generation capacity of the module is obtained, thus completing the power calculation. A schematic diagram is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the gray curve represents the volt-ampere curve, and the black curve represents the power-voltage curve. The specific calculation method is as follows: Step 6.3.1: Take a series of points on the voltage axis. V a (a = 1, 2, 3 ... n).

[0061] Step 6.3.2: For each voltage value, find the corresponding current value from the volt-ampere characteristic curve. I a .

[0062] Step 6.3.3: Calculate the power corresponding to each voltage value using the following formula: P a =I a V a .

[0063] Step 6.3.4: Put all ( Va , P a By connecting the points and fitting them together, the power-voltage curve of the photovoltaic module is formed.

[0064] Step 6.2.4: The maximum power is the point where the power-voltage curve of the photovoltaic module reaches its maximum value. Alternatively, the output power of the photovoltaic module at any voltage can be calculated as needed.

[0065] The advantages of the photovoltaic module temperature distribution power calculation method provided by this invention are illustrated below through specific experimental data analysis.

[0066] Table 1 compares the performance of the algorithm of this invention with that of the traditional power generation algorithm, along with experimental results. The traditional algorithm treats the photovoltaic module as a uniformly heated whole for calculation. The comparison of experimental results in Table 1 clearly shows that the present invention has a smaller error in power generation prediction compared to the traditional method. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method for calculating power using the temperature distribution of the photovoltaic module.

[0067] Table 1: Comparison of the effects of different power calculation methods and measured data (rounded to two decimal places)

[0068] The technical effects of this invention include: 1. This invention fully considers the impact of uneven temperature distribution within the same photovoltaic module on the power output of each device. By calculating the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device based on its temperature and then superimposing them in a reasonable manner, higher accuracy in power calculation is achieved.

[0069] 2. This invention constructs a model for the internal device arrangement and connection of a photovoltaic module. Different superposition calculation methods are used according to the different series and parallel connection methods of the devices in the module, so that the photovoltaic module can achieve more accurate calculation of the current-voltage characteristic curve.

[0070] 3. This invention performs calculations based on the fundamental working principle of photovoltaic cells. Compared with calculation models based on historical big data, it requires less data and can perform high-precision calculations even in the absence of historical data.

[0071] In Embodiment 2, this invention provides a power calculation device utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module, used to implement the power calculation method using the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module described in Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the device specifically includes: The module includes a component model module, a device model module, a current-voltage calculation module, a superposition calculation module, and a power calculation module, among which: The component model module is used to establish the internal component layout and connection model of photovoltaic modules, determine the connection method of each component, and select the reference component. The device model module is used to construct a calculation model for the current-voltage characteristic curve of a single photovoltaic device based on the power generation principle of the photovoltaic device. The current-voltage calculation module is used to calculate the current-voltage characteristic curves of reference devices and other devices; The superposition calculation module is used to superimpose the current-voltage characteristic curves of all devices to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module; The power calculation module is used to calculate the power-voltage curve based on the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module, and to complete the power generation calculation.

[0072] The power calculation device utilizing the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules provided in this embodiment is based on the same technical concept as the power calculation device utilizing the temperature distribution of photovoltaic modules provided in Embodiment 1, and can produce the beneficial effects described in Embodiment 1. For the contents not described in detail in this embodiment, please refer to Embodiment 1.

[0073] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is loaded onto the processor, it implements a power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module as described in Embodiment 1.

[0074] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements a power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module as described in Embodiment 1.

[0075] This disclosure can be a system, method, and / or computer program product. A computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions loaded thereon for causing a processor to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

[0076] Computer-readable storage media can be tangible devices capable of holding and storing instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Computer-readable storage media can be, for example—but not limited to—electrical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, optical storage devices, electromagnetic storage devices, semiconductor storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital multifunction disc (DVD), memory sticks, floppy disks, mechanical encoding devices, such as punch cards or recessed protrusions storing instructions thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. The computer-readable storage media used herein are not to be construed as transient signals themselves, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses through fiber optic cables), or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0077] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from computer-readable storage media to various computing / processing devices, or downloaded via a network, such as the Internet, local area network, wide area network, and / or wireless network, to an external computer or external storage device. The network may include copper transmission cables, fiber optic transmission, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and forwards them to the computer-readable storage media in the respective computing / processing device.

[0078] Computer program instructions used to perform the operations of this disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Smalltalk, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry, such as programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or programmable logic arrays (PLAs), is personalized by utilizing the status information of the computer-readable program instructions to implement various aspects of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A power calculation method utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Establish a model for the internal component layout and connection of photovoltaic modules, and determine the connection method of each component; Construct a calculation model for the current-voltage characteristic curve of a single photovoltaic device; A reference device is selected based on the connection method of the components within the photovoltaic module and the temperature of each component. Based on the current-voltage characteristic curve calculation model, the current-voltage characteristic curve of the reference device is calculated; Calculate the current-voltage characteristic curves of other devices based on the current-voltage characteristic curves of the reference device and the temperature of each device; Based on the connection method of the devices in the photovoltaic module, the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device are superimposed to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module. The power generation of the photovoltaic module is calculated based on its current-voltage characteristic curve.

2. The power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The establishment of the internal component arrangement and connection model of the photovoltaic module includes: The photovoltaic module is modeled as an array of M×N photovoltaic devices, where M represents the number of photovoltaic devices in each series and N represents the number of groups in parallel, and both M and N are positive integers greater than 1. Within the same group, M photovoltaic devices are connected in series, and between groups, N groups of devices are connected in parallel.

3. The power calculation method using the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the current-voltage characteristic curve calculation model applicable to a single photovoltaic device includes: Based on the equivalent circuit including a photocurrent source, diode, series resistor, and parallel resistor, a current-voltage relationship function for a single photovoltaic device is established. The input parameters of the current-voltage relationship function include device temperature and irradiance.

4. The power calculation method using the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selected reference device includes: For each group of devices connected in series, the device with the lowest temperature in that group is selected as the reference device for that group.

5. The power calculation method using the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The calculation of the current-voltage characteristic curves of other devices includes: Perform the following for each other device located in the same series branch as the reference device: Set the current value of this device to be the same as the current value of the reference device; Calculate the voltage offset of the device based on the temperature difference between the device and the reference device and the voltage temperature coefficient. The voltage offset of the device is added to the voltage value of the reference device to obtain the voltage value of the device; The current-voltage characteristic curve of the device is obtained by combining the current and voltage values ​​of the device.

6. The power calculation method using the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The superposition of the current-voltage characteristic curves of each device to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module includes sequentially performing a series superposition stage and a parallel superposition stage, wherein: The series superposition stage includes: For each series branch, the voltage value of each device in the series branch at each current sampling point is obtained at multiple current sampling points. The total voltage of the series branch at this current sampling point is obtained by summing the voltage values ​​of each device at the same current sampling point. The combined volt-ampere characteristic curve of the series branch is determined by each current sampling point and its corresponding total voltage. The parallel superposition stage includes: At multiple voltage sampling points, the combined volt-ampere characteristic curve of each series branch is obtained at each voltage sampling point, and the output current value is obtained at each voltage sampling point. The total output current of the photovoltaic module at this voltage sampling point is obtained by summing the output current values ​​of all series branches at the same voltage sampling point. The volt-ampere characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module is determined by each voltage sampling point and its corresponding total output current.

7. The power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation of the power generation of the photovoltaic module includes: Based on the voltage-current data pairs on the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the photovoltaic module, the instantaneous power corresponding to each voltage point is calculated. Based on each voltage point and its corresponding instantaneous power, the power-voltage curve of the photovoltaic module is generated; The maximum power point in the power-voltage curve is determined as the maximum output power of the photovoltaic module.

8. A power calculation device utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module, used to implement the power calculation method utilizing the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The module includes a component model module, a device model module, a current-voltage calculation module, a superposition calculation module, and a power calculation module, among which: The component model module is used to establish the internal component layout and connection model of photovoltaic modules, determine the connection method of each component, and select the reference component. The device model module is used to construct a calculation model for the current-voltage characteristic curve of a single photovoltaic device based on the power generation principle of the photovoltaic device. The current-voltage calculation module is used to calculate the current-voltage characteristic curves of reference devices and other devices; The superposition calculation module is used to superimpose the current-voltage characteristic curves of all devices to obtain the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module; The power calculation module is used to calculate the power-voltage curve based on the current-voltage characteristic curve of the entire photovoltaic module, and to complete the power generation calculation.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the computer program is loaded into the processor, it implements a power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a power calculation method based on the temperature distribution of a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7.

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