Hydrogen energy two-wheeler cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field, specifically to a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system and method for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles. The system includes an anode hydrogen supply assessment module to generate a hydrogen supply status number, a cathode channel concentration identification module to determine the channel segment sequence, a surface temperature path extraction module to obtain the diffusion path number, a power deviation quantification module to generate power coupling characteristics, a stack operation status characterization module to classify operation characteristic results, and an operation status closed-loop intervention module to send adaptive adjustment commands and complete coordinated control. This invention constructs a multi-dimensional hydrogen supply status characterization based on pressure fluctuations and amplitude levels, combines oxygen concentration differences along the path with surface temperature diffusion paths, couples gas reaction distribution with heat transfer direction, introduces power output levels to achieve a structured description of the operation status, and integrates multi-source parameter change trends to correct the adjustment amplitude, achieving coordinated matching of hydrogen supply and heat dissipation, and improving operational continuity and stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell stack technology, and in particular to a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system and method for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] The field of hydrogen fuel cell stack technology involves hydrogen supply systems, air supply systems, heat dissipation systems, and electrical control systems. Its core lies in achieving electrical energy output through the reaction of hydrogen and air inside the stack, and maintaining stable reaction conditions through gas supply and temperature regulation. In the overall technical system, hydrogen supply pressure, oxygen supply flow rate, and stack temperature need to be controlled in a coordinated manner. A closed oxygen supply path can be used on the cathode side to reduce the entry of external particles and water vapor. The cooling method can adopt an air-cooled structure to adapt to space-constrained scenarios. At the same time, the operation of the stack needs to be combined with the sealing status of the gas channels and the control status of the actuators to ensure the continuous operation capability of the system in a limited space.

[0003] Among them, the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system and method for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles are applied to the power unit of two-wheeled vehicles. The system consists of a hydrogen supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a heat dissipation unit, and a control unit. The control unit controls the hydrogen cylinder switch valve, the stack inlet valve, the stack exhaust valve, the blower, and the cooling fan to achieve gas supply and temperature regulation. Specifically, the blower drives air through the air filter into the stack cathode channel to perform gas replacement and supply operations in the channel. The cooling fan drives outside air to flow over the outer surface of the stack to remove heat. The hydrogen pressure value and the stack temperature value are obtained through pressure sensors and temperature acquisition elements, and the acquired data are transmitted to the control unit. The control unit adjusts the valve opening and the blower speed according to the pressure and temperature values, thereby forming a linkage control of the gas supply and heat dissipation process.

[0004] Existing technologies rely on the instantaneous value of a single physical quantity as the basis for adjustment, lacking characterization of pressure change trends and fluctuation structures. They are unable to reflect the dynamic characteristics of hydrogen supply under load fluctuations or frequent valve operation, and are prone to adjustment deviations. The cathode side focuses on the overall gas replacement process, lacking detailed analysis of the gas distribution inside the channel. It cannot identify spatial differences when there is uneven local reaction or gas stagnation. For example, it maintains a uniform oxygen supply strategy when the flow in the channel is locally obstructed. Surface temperature treatment is concentrated at the overall average level, and there is a lack of description of the direction of heat diffusion in space. It is difficult to guide the heat dissipation path in time during the formation and expansion of local high-temperature areas. Furthermore, there is a lack of a unified correlation expression method under the joint action of multiple parameters. The various control quantities are in a decentralized adjustment state, resulting in insufficient response coordination and affecting the stable operation performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and to propose a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system and method for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, the system comprising: The anode hydrogen supply assessment module collects continuous readings of anode pressure and the opening of the inlet valve and the tail valve, judges the pressure rise and fall and counts the direction changes, classifies the pressure fluctuation rhythm, combines the opening of the inlet valve and the tail valve for verification and correction, and generates an anode hydrogen supply status number by combining and mapping the fluctuation rhythm and amplitude categories. The cathode channel concentration identification module selects the oxygen concentration determination rule according to the anode hydrogen supply status number, collects oxygen readings along the path and sorts them from inlet to outlet, compares the concentration changes, divides the reaction enhancement and gas retention sections, records and marks them in sequence, and obtains the cathode channel segmentation category sequence. The surface temperature path extraction module calls up each segment category and its distribution along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence, establishes a mapping between channel position and surface coordinates, selects key analysis areas, collects temperature, coordinates and fan status, selects the highest temperature area as the starting point to connect the low temperature diffusion route, and obtains the surface temperature diffusion path number. The power deviation quantization module determines the location and distribution range of the temperature diffusion path based on the surface temperature diffusion path number, collects the voltage, current, target power and output power of the fuel cell stack, classifies the power output level, extracts features and combines them with the channel segmentation type combination to generate the fuel cell stack power coupling feature result.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention, the system further includes: The fuel cell stack operation status characterization module, based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the power coupling characteristic results of the fuel cell stack, collects the load power of the vehicle drive control equipment, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration and average surface temperature readings, compares the changing trends, forms a combination of operation characteristics, and classifies them according to the preset operation mode classification rules to generate the operation characteristic results of the cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack. The closed-loop intervention module for operation status calls the combination of operation features in the operation feature results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack, calls the preset integrated control strategy library of the fuel cell stack to select the basic strategy corresponding to the combination of operation features, and modifies the adjustment range in the basic control strategy in combination with the combination of operation features. It generates instructions and sends them to the execution device under the preset safety threshold, and coordinates the adjustment of the intake valve, exhaust valve, fan and target power to generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment results.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention, the anode hydrogen supply evaluation module includes a data sequencing submodule, a fluctuation discrimination submodule, and a state mapping submodule; The data sequencing submodule acquires continuous readings of the pressure sensor installed on the anode inlet pipe of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, as well as the opening of the anode inlet valve and the anode exhaust valve. The pressure readings are arranged sequentially according to the acquisition time. The direction of pressure rise and fall is identified between the previous and the next reading. The opening of the anode inlet valve, the opening of the anode exhaust valve and the acquisition time are synchronously matched to obtain the pressure rise and fall sequence. The fluctuation discrimination submodule reads the pressure rise and fall direction at adjacent moments based on the pressure rise and fall sequence, merges continuous fluctuation segments in chronological order, checks each fluctuation segment segment by segment according to the change direction of the anode intake valve opening and the change direction of the anode tail exhaust valve opening, removes the segments with abnormal corresponding relationships, and marks the fluctuation rhythm category and fluctuation amplitude category of the retained segments in sequence to obtain the fluctuation category combination. The state mapping submodule reads the corresponding fluctuation rhythm category and fluctuation amplitude category for each time segment according to the fluctuation category combination, calls the preset anode hydrogen supply state mapping relationship, matches the corresponding category combination for each time segment item by item, arranges the matching results in chronological order and writes them into the state flag to generate an anode hydrogen supply state number.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention, the cathode channel concentration identification module includes a rule selection submodule, a path comparison submodule, and a segmented arrangement submodule; The rule selection submodule selects the corresponding oxygen concentration change judgment rule according to the anode hydrogen supply status number, calls the continuous reading of the oxygen concentration sensor arranged along the closed channel of the stack cathode, arranges each collection position in the order from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, and writes the corresponding reading of each collection position and position order into the along record to obtain the concentration judgment rule. The process comparison submodule, based on the concentration determination rules, calls the process record, reads the oxygen concentration readings of the previous and next positions of adjacent positions, compares the change direction segment by segment in the order from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, and checks the change direction of each segment with the determination conditions of the reaction enhancement segment segment by segment. The corresponding channel segments are written into enhancement marks or retention marks to obtain segment category marks. The segmented arrangement submodule reads the corresponding reinforcement mark or retention mark for each channel segment according to the segment category mark, arranges each segment mark sequentially along the direction from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, writes adjacent segment marks continuously into the channel position order, and forms a continuous arrangement result according to the process order to generate the cathode channel segment category sequence.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the surface temperature path extraction module includes a position mapping submodule, a region selection submodule, and a path connection submodule; The position mapping submodule establishes a correspondence between the cathode channel position and the stack surface coordinates based on the stack structure layout, according to the segment category markers and the distribution positions along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence. It selects the corresponding cathode channel position and maps it to the stack surface coordinate area, and writes the surface coordinate markers and segment category markers according to the channel order to obtain the coordinate correspondence table. The region selection submodule, according to the coordinate correspondence table, calls the temperature sensor readings and corresponding coordinates at each position on the surface of the fuel cell stack, and obtains the operating status information of the air-cooled cooling fan. It reads the temperature readings corresponding to the mapped positions according to the coordinate range, and sequentially merges the segmented category markers into key regions. It compares the temperature readings at each position within the key regions and selects the position where the temperature reading is at the top of the region to obtain the heat source location point. The path connection submodule, based on the heat source location point, reads the coordinates of the path starting point, the coordinates of the surrounding location, the temperature reading and the coordinate orientation. It checks the temperature decrease order and spatial extension direction between adjacent locations. When the continuous locations meet the directional continuity judgment condition, it connects the continuous locations into a route from the path starting point to the temperature decrease area, and marks the path number according to the connection order to generate the surface temperature diffusion path number.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention, the rate deviation quantization module includes a path delimitation submodule, a power level discrimination submodule, and a feature combination submodule; The path delimitation submodule determines the location and distribution range of the corresponding temperature diffusion path based on the surface temperature diffusion path number, calls the coordinate markers and connecting path order corresponding to the path number, reads the location of each path node, the direction of the first and last extension and the boundary of the coverage area, arranges the corresponding positions of the same path number in the order of the connecting lines, and writes the distribution range and the direction of the extension into the path record to obtain the path distribution map. The power level discrimination submodule collects the stack terminal voltage reading, stack output current reading, and vehicle target power demand reading provided by the vehicle drive control equipment. According to the path layout diagram, it calls the path position mark at the corresponding time, and sequentially reads the terminal voltage, output current, and vehicle target power demand at each time. It compares the output power reading with the vehicle target power demand reading at the same time item by item, and writes the level mark according to the preset power division rule to obtain the power output level. The feature combination submodule, based on the power output level, calls the distribution range and extension direction in the path distribution diagram to obtain the channel segment type in the cathode channel segment category sequence, arranges the power level mark, path position mark, extension direction mark and channel segment mark according to the corresponding relationship at the same time, combines each mark in sequence and writes it into the corresponding segment to generate the stack power coupling feature result.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the fuel cell stack operating status characterization module includes an operating condition acquisition submodule, a timing merging submodule, and a morphology classification submodule; The operating condition acquisition submodule, based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the power coupling characteristic results of the fuel cell stack, acquires the output load power signal of the vehicle drive control equipment, the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, the tail gas concentration of the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the average temperature reading of the fuel cell stack surface and the ambient temperature reading, and arranges the readings and feature marks in the order of the acquisition time corresponding to the continuous operation period to obtain the operating condition time series. The timing merging submodule reads the load power signal, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration, average surface temperature reading of the stack, and ambient temperature reading at adjacent time points based on the operating condition timing sequence. It compares the changes in the state before and after along the time sequence and writes the load power change direction, pressure fluctuation section, exhaust gas concentration change direction, and surface temperature difference change direction into the same time period mark to obtain the status mark group. The morphology classification submodule, based on the state marker group, calls the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type for the same time period, and sequentially merges the change direction of each time period with the corresponding level marker, path marker and segmentation marker to form an operating feature combination. Each operating feature combination is classified item by item according to the preset operating morphology classification rules to generate the operating feature results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the operation status closed-loop intervention module includes a strategy selection submodule, an instruction correction submodule, and a collaborative execution submodule; The strategy selection submodule calls the combination of operating features in the operating feature results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack, calls the preset stack integrated control strategy library, searches for each strategy item according to the correspondence of the operating feature combination, and sequentially writes the corresponding anode inlet valve opening adjustment item, anode tail exhaust valve opening adjustment item, air-cooled cooling fan speed adjustment item and target power adjustment item into the control record to obtain the strategy item set; The instruction correction submodule reads the corresponding amplitude content of each adjustment item according to the strategy item set, calls the load status flag, pressure status flag, tail status flag and temperature status flag corresponding to the current operating feature combination, maps each status flag to each adjustment item, rewrites the amplitude content of each adjustment item, and checks it against the stack safety threshold conditions item by item. The reserved items are written into the instruction record in order to obtain the adaptive adjustment instruction. The collaborative execution submodule, based on the adaptive adjustment command, calls the vehicle execution device interface and sends the anode intake valve opening adjustment item, anode exhaust valve opening adjustment item, air-cooled cooling fan speed adjustment item, and target power adjustment item in the order of the command. It reads the action feedback flag of each execution device and writes it into the execution record corresponding to the sent command. It merges the collaborative linkage results of each adjustment item in time sequence to generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment result.

[0014] A method for a cathode-enclosed, air-cooled fuel cell stack for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, wherein the method is performed based on the aforementioned cathode-enclosed, air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, and includes the following steps: S1: Collect continuous readings of anode pressure and opening of inlet valve and tail valve, determine pressure rise and fall and statistically analyze the direction of change, classify pressure fluctuation rhythm, combine inlet valve and tail valve opening for verification and correction, map according to fluctuation rhythm and amplitude category, and generate anode hydrogen supply status number. S2: Select the oxygen concentration determination rule according to the anode hydrogen supply status number, collect oxygen readings along the process and sort them from inlet to outlet, compare the concentration changes, divide the reaction enhancement and gas retention sections, record the markings in sequence, and obtain the cathode channel segmentation category sequence. S3: Call up the segment categories and their distribution along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence, establish a channel position and surface coordinate mapping, select the key analysis area, collect temperature, coordinates and fan status, select the highest temperature area as the starting point to connect the low temperature diffusion route, and obtain the surface temperature diffusion path number. S4: Determine the location and distribution range of the temperature diffusion path according to the surface temperature diffusion path number, collect the voltage, current, target power and output power of the fuel cell, classify the power output level, extract features and combine them with the channel segmentation type combination to generate the fuel cell power coupling feature result; S5: Based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the power coupling characteristic results of the fuel cell stack, collect the load power, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration and average surface temperature readings of the vehicle drive control equipment, compare the changing trends, form a combination of operating characteristics, and classify them according to the preset operating mode classification rules to generate the operating characteristic results of the cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack. S6: Call the operating feature combination in the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack operating feature result, call the preset fuel cell stack integrated control strategy library to select the basic strategy corresponding to the operating feature combination, modify the adjustment range in the basic control strategy in combination with the operating feature combination, generate instructions under the preset safety threshold and send them to the execution device, coordinate the adjustment of the intake valve, exhaust valve, fan and target power, and generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment result.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, a fluctuation rhythm criterion is constructed by the switching characteristics of the rising and falling directions in the time series of pressure signals, and a multi-dimensional hydrogen supply state characterization is formed by superimposing amplitude grading, enabling the hydrogen supply process to have dynamic identification capabilities. A segmented judgment logic is constructed by combining the differences in oxygen concentration along the process, forming a spatial continuous distribution result of the active reaction zone and the stagnant zone. A continuous diffusion path extending from high to low temperature is extracted by associating the channel position with the surface coordinates, so that the gas reaction distribution and the heat transfer direction are coupled. On this basis, a joint expression of power output level, temperature diffusion characteristics and channel type is introduced to realize a structured description of the operating state. At the same time, a unified feature combination is formed by combining the changing trends of multi-source operating parameters, and the adjustment amplitude is constrained and corrected, so that the hydrogen supply regulation and heat dissipation regulation can achieve coordinated matching under the same criterion, improving the continuity and stability of the operation process. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a system flowchart of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the acquisition process of the anode hydrogen supply evaluation module of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the acquisition process of the cathode channel concentration identification module of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the acquisition process of the surface temperature path extraction module of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the acquisition process of the power deviation quantization module of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the acquisition process of the fuel cell stack operating status characterization module of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the process for obtaining the closed-loop intervention module for the operating status of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0019] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, they convey the same meaning.

[0020] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be written in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0021] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a technical solution: a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, the system comprising: The anode hydrogen supply assessment module acquires continuous readings from the pressure sensor installed on the anode intake pipe of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, as well as the opening of the anode intake valve and anode exhaust valve. The pressure readings are arranged in chronological order, and the direction of pressure rise and fall is determined between adjacent readings. The number of times the direction changes per unit time is counted, and different pressure fluctuation rhythms are classified according to the frequency of the direction changes. Combined with the trend of the opening changes of the anode intake valve and anode exhaust valve, the pressure fluctuation rhythm is verified and abnormal fluctuations are corrected. The pressure change range is extracted within a set time window, and an amplitude classification rule is established based on the calibration results to classify the pressure change range into low-amplitude fluctuations or high-amplitude fluctuations. The pressure fluctuation rhythm and amplitude category are combined and matched with the preset anode hydrogen supply status mapping relationship to generate an anode hydrogen supply status number. The cathode channel concentration identification module selects the corresponding oxygen concentration change judgment rule based on the anode hydrogen supply status number, calls the continuous readings of the oxygen concentration sensors arranged along the closed channel of the cathode of the fuel cell stack, arranges each collection position in the order from the cathode inlet to the cathode outlet, compares the change results of the oxygen concentration readings of the previous position with the next position between adjacent positions, and determines the channel segment judgment conditions according to the oxygen concentration change judgment rules. When the change meets the judgment conditions of the reaction enhancement section, the corresponding channel segment is divided into the reaction enhancement section. When the change does not meet the judgment conditions of the reaction enhancement section, the corresponding channel segment is divided into the gas retention section. The segment category mark is recorded sequentially from the inlet to the outlet to form a continuous channel segment category arrangement result along the path, and obtains the cathode channel segment category sequence. The surface temperature path extraction module establishes a correspondence between the cathode channel positions and the stack surface coordinates based on the cathode channel segmentation category sequence and the distribution along the path, according to the stack structure layout. It selects the corresponding cathode channel positions and maps them to the stack surface coordinate area to form a key analysis area. It collects temperature sensor readings and corresponding coordinates at each position on the stack surface and obtains the operating status information of the air-cooled cooling fan. It compares the temperature readings at each position in the key analysis area and selects the area with the highest temperature reading as the path starting point. It compares the temperature change trend and spatial extension direction between the positions around the path starting point and makes a judgment based on the coordinate orientation. When the temperature change from high to low meets the directional continuity judgment condition between consecutive positions, it connects the consecutive positions to form a diffusion route from the path starting point to the low temperature area and marks the path number to obtain the surface temperature diffusion path number. The power deviation quantification module determines the location and distribution range of the corresponding temperature diffusion path based on the surface temperature diffusion path number. It collects the stack terminal voltage reading, stack output current reading, and vehicle target power demand reading provided by the vehicle drive control equipment. Based on the stack terminal voltage reading and stack output current reading, it determines the output power reading at each moment. It compares the output power reading with the vehicle target power demand reading at the same moment and divides it into different power output levels according to the preset power division rules. It extracts the distribution range and extension direction of the temperature diffusion path as temperature diffusion path features, obtains the channel segment type in the cathode channel segmentation category sequence, and combines the power output level, temperature diffusion path features, and channel segment type to generate the stack power coupling feature result. The fuel cell stack operation status characterization module, based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics, and channel segmentation type in the fuel cell stack power coupling characteristic results, collects the load power signal output by the vehicle drive control equipment, the fuel cell stack anode inlet pressure, the fuel cell stack cathode exhaust gas concentration, and the average temperature reading of the fuel cell stack surface. During continuous operation, it compares each reading in chronological order to determine the load power change trend, anode inlet pressure change range, cathode exhaust gas concentration change direction, and the change trend of the difference between the average temperature of the fuel cell stack surface and the ambient temperature. It combines each change result with the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics, and channel segmentation type to form an operation characteristic combination, and classifies it according to the preset operation mode classification rules to generate the operation characteristic results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack. The closed-loop intervention module for operational status, based on the operational characteristic combination in the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack operational characteristic results, calls the preset integrated control strategy library for the fuel cell stack. According to the operational characteristic combination, it selects the corresponding basic control strategy in the control strategy library and modifies the adjustment range in the basic control strategy in combination with the current operational characteristic combination. Under the condition of meeting the preset fuel cell stack safety threshold, it generates an adaptive adjustment command and sends the adaptive adjustment command to the vehicle execution equipment. It coordinates the adjustment range of the anode intake valve opening, the anode exhaust valve opening, the air-cooled cooling fan speed, and the target power adjustment range, drives the vehicle execution equipment to complete the physical action according to the adjustment range, and generates the fuel cell stack operation adjustment result.

[0023] Please see Figure 2 The anode hydrogen supply assessment module includes a data sequencing submodule, a fluctuation discrimination submodule, and a state mapping submodule. The data sequencing submodule acquires continuous readings of the pressure sensor installed on the anode inlet pipe of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, as well as the opening of the anode inlet valve and the anode exhaust valve. The pressure readings are arranged sequentially according to the acquisition time. The direction of pressure rise and fall is identified between the previous and the next reading. The opening of the anode inlet valve, the opening of the anode exhaust valve and the acquisition time are synchronously matched to obtain the pressure rise and fall sequence. The system acquires continuous readings from the pressure sensor in the anode intake pipeline, as well as the opening degrees of the anode intake valve and the anode exhaust valve. It then uses a pressure sensor manufactured using piezoresistive absolute pressure sensing technology to collect raw voltage signals at a frequency of 10Hz and converts them into pressure values. The system obtains pressure readings of 15.20 kPa at the first moment, 15.85 kPa at the second moment, and 15.50 kPa at the third moment. It extracts the duty cycle signals of the anode intake valve from the Hall angle sensor, captured by the microcontroller's internal timer, at the corresponding moments: 45%, 48%, and 46%. Simultaneously, it acquires the opening status bits of the anode exhaust valve (0, 0, 1) obtained from the solenoid valve driver chip's status register. Finally, it vectorizes and arranges the acquired pressure readings in the order of acquisition to form a pressure time series. In the adjacent number The reading and the first The pressure difference is calculated by subtracting the readings from each other. ,when When the value is greater than 0, the direction of pressure rise and fall at that position is recorded as the value 1. When the value is less than 0, it is recorded as -1. When the value equals 0, it is recorded as a constant value. Taking the first and second moments as examples, the calculations are as follows: Recording the direction of ascent and descent as 1, taking the second and third moments as examples, the calculation is as follows: The lifting direction is recorded as -1. The identified direction value is associated with the intake valve opening of 48% and the exhaust valve opening of 0 at the corresponding time. Under the condition of hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle accelerating uphill, the pressure sensor reading shows a continuous upward trend as the intake valve increases. At this time, the lifting direction is always 1. The direction features and valve physical parameters at all times are matrix aligned according to the clock step, and the pressure lifting sequence is obtained.

[0024] The fluctuation discrimination submodule reads the pressure rise and fall direction of adjacent time moments based on the pressure rise and fall sequence, merges continuous fluctuation segments in time order, checks each fluctuation segment segment by segment according to the change direction of the anode intake valve opening and the change direction of the anode tail exhaust valve opening, removes the segments with abnormal corresponding relationships, and marks the fluctuation rhythm category and fluctuation amplitude category of the retained segments in sequence to obtain the fluctuation category combination. The pressure rise and fall sequence is analyzed. Directional feature values ​​marked 1, -1, and 0 are retrieved from the sequence. Intervals with consecutive values ​​in the same direction are defined as single fluctuation steps. A fluctuation inflection point is identified when the direction value changes from 1 to -1. The time span between two adjacent inflection points is calculated. If the span is between 0.1 and 0.5 seconds and includes the boundary value, it is identified as a high-frequency fluctuation segment; if the span is between 0.5 and 2.0 seconds, it is identified as a mid-frequency fluctuation segment; and if the span is greater than 2.0 seconds, it is identified as a low-frequency fluctuation segment. The slope of the intake valve opening change is also read. slope of tailpipe valve opening change ,in and Both are defined as dimensionless rates of change of opening degree per second, and the coordination coefficient is calculated using the formula. This coordination coefficient has engineering significance in characterizing the combined intensity of intake and exhaust actions. If the pressure rise / fall direction is 1 but... Less than 0 and If the value is greater than 0, the segment is determined to be an abnormal jitter signal caused by electromagnetic interference from the pressure sensor and is removed from the sequence. If the corresponding relationship is not abnormal, it is retained and enters the next calculation node. Taking a certain moment as an example, the pressure direction is 1, the intake valve opening decreases from 40% to 35%, and the exhaust valve changes from closed to open. At this time, the pressure rise logic does not conform to the physical characteristics, so the removal operation is performed. The pressure amplitude difference is calculated for the retained normal segments. Set the amplitude reference value The reference pressure is 5.00 kPa, which is set at 16.7% of the rated operating pressure of the two-wheeled vehicle fuel cell stack at 30 kPa. Fluctuations in the range of 0 to 2.00 kPa are marked as low amplitude fluctuations, fluctuations in the range of 2.00 kPa to 5.00 kPa are marked as medium amplitude fluctuations, and fluctuations greater than 5.00 kPa are marked as high amplitude fluctuations. Combining the time span characteristics of the fluctuation segments, segment 1 is marked as "high frequency-low amplitude", and segment 2 is marked as "low frequency-high amplitude", thus creating a fluctuation category combination.

[0025] The state mapping submodule reads the corresponding fluctuation rhythm category and fluctuation amplitude category for each time segment based on the fluctuation category combination, calls the preset anode hydrogen supply state mapping relationship, matches the corresponding category combination for each time segment item by item, arranges the matching results in chronological order and writes them into the state flag accordingly, and generates the anode hydrogen supply state number. The fluctuation category combination extracts the "high frequency," "medium frequency," and "low frequency" rhythm tags and "high amplitude" and "low amplitude" intensity tags corresponding to each time segment. A preset two-dimensional mapping matrix is ​​retrieved, where the horizontal axis represents the rhythm category and the vertical axis represents the amplitude category. The "high frequency-high amplitude" combination is indexed to number 101, representing the anode in a high-load dynamic response state. The "low frequency-low amplitude" combination is indexed to number 102, representing the anode in a stable idling state. If the extracted combination is not preset in the mapping matrix, it defaults to the safe standby state of number 000 to prevent logical deadlock. Taking actual operating data as an example, if a certain segment is read to have a mid-frequency rhythm and a high amplitude, the index position in the mapping table is matched to obtain the corresponding hexadecimal status code. The matched code is then re-embedded into the time axis according to the original timestamp. Mark 101 is written in the first segment and mark 102 is written in the second segment. By assigning values ​​to each of the full time segments, the unstructured pressure fluctuation description is transformed into a discrete digital feature signal. For the operating environment of frequent start-stop of two-wheeled vehicles, the pressure change characteristics under different road conditions are mapped into a standardized hydrogen supply health indicator, generating an anode hydrogen supply status number.

[0026] Please see Figure 3 The cathode channel concentration identification module includes a rule selection submodule, a path comparison submodule, and a segmented arrangement submodule; The rule selection submodule selects the corresponding oxygen concentration change judgment rule based on the anode hydrogen supply status number, calls the continuous reading of the oxygen concentration sensor arranged along the closed channel of the stack cathode, arranges each collection position in the order from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, and writes the corresponding reading of each collection position and position order into the along record to obtain the concentration judgment rule. The anode hydrogen supply status number is read, and the currently identified status number 101 is retrieved. The corresponding rule base is searched in the decision tree, and the readings of five oxygen concentration sensors manufactured using limiting current type zirconia technology and arranged within the closed channel of the fuel cell cathode are retrieved. The reading of the first sensor at the cathode inlet is recorded as 20.95%. The readings along the flow channel extension direction are obtained as follows: second position 18.50%, third position 15.20%, fourth position 14.80%, and fifth position 14.10% at the cathode outlet. Based on the geometric coordinates of the sensors within the flow channel, the physical positions are indexed and sorted according to a linear distance relationship from smallest to largest. The obtained concentration percentage values ​​are then filled into a one-dimensional array. Extract the corresponding oxygen consumption gradient judgment benchmark value for state number 101. The baseline value is 1.5%, a reference constant calculated based on the oxygen diffusion rate of the cathode enclosure at rated power. The position order is structurally bound to the corresponding percentage readings, creating a data dictionary with position labels. A logical index is set between each pair of adjacent positions, defining the first position coordinate as... The fifth position coordinates are defined as follows: All coordinate offsets are mapped one-to-one with concentration decay, and the absolute concentration value and relative position number of each point are recorded, along with the concentration determination rules.

[0027] The process comparison submodule, based on the concentration determination rules, calls the process record, reads the oxygen concentration readings of the previous and next positions of adjacent positions, compares the change direction segment by segment in the order from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, and checks the change direction of each segment with the determination conditions of the reaction enhancement segment segment by segment. The corresponding channel segments are written into the enhancement mark or retention mark to obtain the segment category mark. Concentration determination rules: Call the sorted concentration data dictionary and select the adjacent... The point and the first Perform subtraction between the data points to calculate the change in oxygen concentration. Taking the first and second positions as an example, the calculation is as follows: Since 2.45 is greater than the judgment benchmark value of 1.5, this path segment is marked as a positive response interval. Taking the third and fourth positions as examples, the calculation is as follows: Since 0.40 is less than 1.5, it is initially determined to be a diffusion-restricted region. The corresponding criteria for the reaction-enhanced region are then retrieved, which requires... Falling in the range If the condition is met, the segment is written to the enhanced marker character "S". Falling in the range The internal mechanism determines that oxygen consumption at this location is extremely slow, indicating that water accumulation or nitrogen back diffusion on the cathode side of the fuel cell has led to a reduction in the effective reaction area. This area is designated as a gas stagnation zone and marked with the stagnation marker "D". A negative value indicates a local reverse flow or sensor malfunction / inaccuracy. This segment is marked with the error flag "E" and the sensor is reset. The result is calculated between the second and third positions. , conforms to the interval As required, perform a write-enhanced marker operation, and calculate the value between the fourth and fifth positions. , conforms to the interval As required, execute the write-retention mark operation, iterate through all adjacent point pairs, obtain the state set consisting of "S" and "D", and classify them into segments.

[0028] The segmented arrangement submodule reads the corresponding reinforcement or retention markers for each channel segment according to the segment category markers, arranges each segment marker sequentially along the cathode inlet to cathode outlet direction, writes adjacent segment markers continuously into the channel position order, and forms a continuous arrangement result according to the process order to generate the cathode channel segment category sequence. Segmented category labeling, reading the set of label characters generated from each position pair, and identifying the label sequence as... According to the physical direction from the cathode inlet to the cathode outlet, the first pair of positions are... The marker is placed at the beginning of the sequence, and the last pair of positions is... The marker is placed at the end of the sequence, and a positional interval parameter is inserted between adjacent markers. The length ratio of each segment is calculated. Based on the 3D drawing, the total channel length is calculated to be 200mm, and the spacing between every two sensors is 50mm. The first two markers S correspond to the flow channel region from 0 to 100mm, and the last two markers D correspond to the flow channel region from 100mm to 200mm. Through a logical merging operation, regions with the same continuous markers are merged by coordinate merging. This results in continuous reaction enhancement zones distributed in the first half of the flow channel and gas retention zones distributed in the second half. These classification information with geographic coordinate attributes are then sorted from 1 to... The order is pushed into a linear linked list, and the attribute fields of each node are defined as a composite structure containing the start coordinate, end coordinate, segment category, and average oxygen concentration gradient. During the operation of the two-wheeled vehicle under different working conditions, as the anode exhaust valve is periodically opened, the dynamic translation phenomenon of the segment markers in the sequence is observed. The continuous marker results generated at this time are transformed into standardized sequence features of power supply stack thermal management and power regulation call, and cathode channel segment category sequence.

[0029] Please see Figure 4 The surface temperature path extraction module includes a location mapping submodule, a region selection submodule, and a path connection submodule. The position mapping submodule establishes the correspondence between the cathode channel position and the stack surface coordinates based on the stack structure layout, according to the segment category markers and the distribution positions along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence. It selects the corresponding cathode channel position and maps it to the stack surface coordinate area, and writes the surface coordinate markers and segment category markers according to the channel order to obtain the coordinate correspondence table. Extract the segment category markers and their distribution along the path from the cathode channel segment category sequence, and extract the marker sequence generated earlier. The flow channel physical region corresponding to each marker is read. The 0mm to 50mm region corresponding to the first reaction enhancement marker S is taken as the starting segment, and the 150mm to 200mm region corresponding to the last gas retention marker D is taken as the ending segment. The three-dimensional structural layout data of the hydrogen fuel cell stack for two-wheeled vehicles, which is pre-stored in the non-volatile memory of the microcontroller, is retrieved to obtain the geometric path parameters of the cathode channel inside the stack and establish a mapping matrix. The coordinates of discrete points on the center line of the channel Two-dimensional plane coordinates projected onto the heat dissipation aluminum shell on the outer surface of the fuel cell stack If the projection calculation exceeds the outer surface boundary, the overflow node is discarded by default. For the first S-mark segment, the coordinates of its corresponding channel midpoint are selected. Calculate the Euclidean distance between its perpendicular projection point on the surface; Determine the boundary of the rectangular region mapped to the surface as Write the surface coordinate label "Area_1" for this coordinate region and associate it with the segment category label S. For the segment with the D label at the end, select the midpoint coordinate of its corresponding channel. ; The corresponding region on its surface is determined through projection calculation. Write the surface coordinate label “Area_4” and associate it with the segment category label D. Perform a linear homogeneous coordinate transformation between the physical dimensions of the length, width and height corresponding to the channel position of each segment and the surface shell coordinate system. Fill in the coordinate correspondence table in sequence with the coordinate center point coordinates of each segment, the vertex coordinates of the surface projection area and the corresponding S or D property label to form a complete spatial geometric association topology relationship, coordinate correspondence table.

[0030] The region selection submodule calls the temperature sensor readings and corresponding coordinates at each position on the surface of the fuel cell stack according to the coordinate correspondence table, and obtains the operating status information of the air-cooled cooling fan. It reads the temperature readings corresponding to the mapped positions according to the coordinate range, and sequentially merges the segmented category labels into key regions. It compares the temperature readings at each position in the key regions and selects the position where the temperature reading is at the top of the region to obtain the heat source location point. Using the coordinate mapping table, the readings of 16 thermistor sensors manufactured using NTC thin-film thermistor technology and installed in Area_1 to Area_4 on the surface of the fuel cell stack were retrieved. The center position sensor reading for Area_1 was 65.2℃, and the center position sensor reading for Area_4 was 58.5℃. The PWM control signal of the air-cooled cooling fan was read as having a 75% duty cycle. The fan speed of 2500 rpm was taken as the environmental heat dissipation boundary parameter. All key areas marked with S were retrieved from the coordinate mapping table, and Area_1 and Area_2 were merged in terms of spatial topology. Areas D (Area_3 and Area_4) are designated as secondary regions. Within the critical region Area_1, the readings of four temperature measurement points are ranked numerically as follows: 62.1℃, 64.8℃, 65.2℃, and 63.5℃. A maximum value calculation is performed, and the point with the highest reading of 65.2℃ is selected as the core of the heat load for this region. If the highest temperature is between 55℃ and 75℃, it is considered a normal operating temperature rise; if it is greater than 75℃, it is considered a risk of localized hot spots; if it is less than 55℃, it is considered a low-temperature dormant state, and the subsequent heat source extraction steps are skipped. A location weighting coefficient is set. The coefficient is 1.2, which is a dimensionless normalized weighting parameter used to amplify the thermal weight of the central region and calculate the corrected heat source location score. The physical coordinate point with the highest calculated value Defined as the temperature evolution divergence source of the entire key analysis area, the specific row and column number of this point in the rectangular coordinate system on the surface of the fuel cell is retrieved and determined as the geometric vertex with the most significant heating characteristics, and the heat source location point.

[0031] The path connection submodule, based on the heat source location point, reads the coordinates of the path start point, the coordinates of the surrounding location, the temperature reading and the coordinate orientation. It checks the temperature decrease order and spatial extension direction between adjacent locations. When the continuous locations meet the directional continuity judgment condition, the continuous locations are connected into a route from the path start point to the temperature decrease area, and the path number is marked according to the connection order to generate the surface temperature diffusion path number. The coordinates of the heat source location point and the starting point of the path are determined as follows: Retrieve the coordinates of its surrounding adjacent points , And the corresponding temperature gradient vector, read the starting point temperature of 65.2℃, the temperature of the adjacent point to the east of 64.1℃, and the temperature of the adjacent point to the north of 64.8℃, and perform subtraction operations between the starting point and the surrounding points to obtain the temperature difference. The gradient from the starting point to the eastward point is calculated as follows: The gradient from the starting point to the northward point is calculated as follows: Select The direction with the largest value is taken as the initial diffusion direction, determined to extend from west to east. The coordinate orientation of the air-cooled air inlet corresponding to the two-wheeled vehicle's travel direction is extracted and marked as an axial vector. Calculate the cosine of the angle between the diffusion direction vector and the wind direction vector. When the angle is within the range of 0° to 45° and the temperature readings of three consecutive sampling points satisfy the following: When the relationship is strictly decreasing, the condition for directional continuity is met. If the temperature change direction at the continuous location is inconsistent, such as a sudden change where the temperature first decreases and then increases, it indicates that there is local heat accumulation in the area or that it is in the convection blind zone of the cooling fan. In this case, the current path extension is immediately interrupted, and the abnormal coordinate point is marked separately as a heat island isolated point and is not included in the regular diffusion path. When the continuity condition is met, the coordinate point is... , , Connect them sequentially to form a vector line segment pointing to the low-temperature end of the fuel cell stack. Mark this line segment with a unique hexadecimal serial number Path_001. If the temperature drop exceeds 2.0℃ per centimeter, mark it as a steep diffusion path. If the drop is in the range of 0.5℃ to 2.0℃, mark it as a gentle diffusion path. Calculate the overlap between the geometric length of the path, the deflection angle and the stagnation position where the segment category mark D appears, and generate the surface temperature diffusion path number.

[0032] Please see Figure 5 The rate deviation quantization module includes a path delimitation submodule, a power level discrimination submodule, and a feature combination submodule. The path delimitation submodule determines the location and distribution range of the corresponding temperature diffusion path based on the surface temperature diffusion path number, calls the coordinate markers and connecting path order corresponding to the path number, reads the location of each path node, the direction of the first and last extension and the boundary of the coverage area, arranges the corresponding positions of the same path number in the order of the connecting lines, and writes the distribution range and the direction of the extension into the path record to obtain the path distribution map. Surface temperature diffusion path number, retrieve the starting coordinates corresponding to the number. coordinates of the endpoint Extract the coordinates of five discrete nodes along the route, determine that the orientation of the first segment of the path is due east, and obtain the lateral boundary of the covered area. With longitudinal boundary The path nodes are sorted in ascending order based on their physical spatial connectivity. Calculate the total geometric length of the path If a path is extremely short, with fewer than two connectable nodes, making it impossible to calculate the total length using the formula, then a default baseline constraint length parameter of 5mm is assigned to that path. Paths within the 0mm to 30mm range are classified as confined paths, while those greater than 30mm are classified as extended paths. A path width envelope coefficient is set based on the heat dissipation characteristics of the fuel cell stack surface in two-wheeled vehicles. The value is 1.5. The dynamic boundary is obtained by multiplying the node coordinates with the dimensionless envelope coefficient. Boolean operations are then used in the coordinate system to determine the physical coverage area of ​​the path on the stack surface. The calculated area value of 35.5 square centimeters and its corresponding spatial vector direction are then used. Store in the structured cache, retrieve the corresponding temperature gradient change rate of each node, and write the temperature drop slope per unit distance and coordinate point to the path distribution map.

[0033] The power level determination submodule collects the stack terminal voltage reading, stack output current reading, and vehicle target power demand reading provided by the vehicle drive control equipment. According to the path layout diagram, it calls the path position mark at the corresponding time, and sequentially reads the terminal voltage, output current, and vehicle target power demand at each time. It compares the output power reading with the vehicle target power demand reading at the same time item by item, and writes it into the level mark according to the preset power division rule to obtain the power output level. The path layout diagram shows that a resistor-divided high-voltage detection circuit connected in parallel across the busbar reads the potential difference between the two busbars of the fuel cell stack in real time, obtaining a current fuel cell stack voltage reading of 48.50V. Simultaneously, a Hall current sensor using a through-hole closed-loop Hall effect detection technology reads the charge flow rate in the output circuit, obtaining a fuel cell stack output current reading of 32.00A. The target power demand frame from the CAN bus sent by the vehicle drive control equipment is retrieved, and the target power demand reading for the entire vehicle is read as 1650.00W. Power multiplication is then performed to obtain the real-time output power. ; Perform power deviation subtraction operation to obtain Retrieve the threshold range corresponding to the power division rule and set the low deviation range as... The mean deviation range is The high deviation range is greater than 150W, since 98.00W falls within the range. Within the interval, mark this moment as a medium-power deviation state and write the level mark symbol "L2". A negative value indicates an energy surplus state. Compare the coverage area of ​​key areas in the path distribution map. If the high deviation state corresponds to an area with a path coverage area greater than 50 square centimeters, further verify the current current density distribution. Under the condition of rapid acceleration of a two-wheeled vehicle, if the target power jumps to 2000W but the output power is limited to only 1700W due to temperature rise, then correct the deviation level to high and obtain the power output level.

[0034] The feature combination submodule, based on the power output level, calls the distribution range and extension direction in the path distribution diagram to obtain the channel segment type in the cathode channel segment category sequence. It arranges the power level marker, path location marker, extension direction marker and channel segment marker according to the corresponding relationship at the same time, and combines each marker in sequence and writes it into the corresponding segment to generate the stack power coupling feature result. Power output level, retrieve the coverage boundary stored in the path distribution map. The corresponding positive extension vector is used to retrieve the position coordinates of the stagnation marker "D" stored in the cathode channel segmentation category sequence. A spatial coordinate overlap check is performed to determine whether the end of the temperature diffusion path geometrically interferes with the gas stagnation section. When the angle between the path extension direction and the stagnation section arrangement direction is less than 15 degrees and the overlap area ratio is greater than 60%, the associated feature is defined as "heat-gas coupling obstructed" type. If the overlap area ratio is less than or equal to 60%, it is determined that no serious interference has occurred and no obstruction feature is generated. The current power level marker "L2" is read, and the previously generated path position marker "Area_1" and extension direction marker "East" are retrieved. The discrete... The four markers are mapped to a unified hexadecimal status feature code. The "L2", "Area_1", "East" and "D" are concatenated in byte order to generate the code segment 0x2A1E4D, which represents the front-end overheating and back-end gas stagnation characteristics under medium power deviation. During the heat accumulation caused by the two-wheeled vehicle's continuous uphill climb, the logical transitions of each field in the feature code are observed. The composite feature codes generated at each moment are repackaged according to the time sequence and associated with the current ambient temperature and hydrogen inlet pressure parameters. Through the logical AND operation of the markers in each dimension, the thermal evolution of the fuel cell stack, the gas channel distribution and the electrical output are merged in multiple dimensions to generate the fuel cell stack power coupling feature results.

[0035] Please see Figure 6 The fuel cell stack operating status characterization module includes an operating condition acquisition submodule, a timing merging submodule, and a morphology classification submodule; The operating condition acquisition submodule, based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the fuel cell power coupling characteristic results, acquires the output load power signal of the vehicle drive control equipment, the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell, the cathode exhaust gas concentration of the fuel cell, the average surface temperature reading of the fuel cell and the ambient temperature reading, and arranges the readings and characteristic markers in the order of the acquisition time corresponding to the continuous operation period to obtain the operating condition time series. Based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics, and channel segmentation type, the previously identified medium-power deviation status marker L2, the path feature code 0x2A1E4D covering the Area_1 region and extending eastward, and the segmentation sequence containing the stagnation marker D are extracted. Simultaneously, signal monitoring of the two-wheeled vehicle's overall control bus is initiated. The current load power signal reading output by the vehicle drive control equipment is retrieved as 1600.5W. The real-time reading of the fuel cell stack anode inlet pressure sensor is read as 25.30 kPa. The percentage value fed back by the oxygen concentration sensor at the fuel cell stack cathode tail section is collected as 12.5%. Multiple thermistor temperature measurement points evenly distributed on the fuel cell stack surface are called up and an arithmetic average is performed to obtain the average surface temperature reading. The temperature was 62.8℃, while the reference reading of the ambient temperature sensor, manufactured using PT1000 platinum resistance technology and installed at the air inlet, was 25.5℃. All the acquired electrical, thermal, and gaseous parameters were structured and encapsulated using millisecond-level globally unified step markers. A dynamic data array was established with the acquisition time as the index axis. Power level, path vector, and segmentation properties were used as attribute dimensions of the data packet at that time. This ensured that during the acceleration of the two-wheeled vehicle under different operating conditions, each set of environmental perception data could accurately lock the corresponding physical state mapping inside the fuel cell stack. The frequency of load power fluctuations, the slope of pressure pulsations, and the temperature rise gradient at that time were sequentially filled into different fields of the array to obtain the operating condition time series.

[0036] The timing merging submodule reads the load power signal, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration, average surface temperature reading of the stack, and ambient temperature reading at adjacent time points based on the operating condition timing sequence. It compares the changes in the state before and after along the time sequence and writes the load power change direction, pressure fluctuation section, exhaust gas concentration change direction, and surface temperature difference change direction into the same time period mark to obtain the status mark group. Operating condition time series, retrieve Load power signal at all times For 1600.5W and Time signal The value is 1650.2W. Subtraction yields a change of 49.7W, indicating a single increasing trend. (Read...) At any given time, the anode pressure was 25.30 kPa. At a time of 24.80 kPa, the calculated pressure drop was 0.50 kPa, indicating that this section was in the exhaust phase of the anode scavenging cycle. The cathode tail gas concentration reading changed from 12.5% ​​to 12.2%, indicating a slight decrease in concentration. This was based on the average surface temperature of the fuel cell stack. With ambient temperature Perform subtraction to calculate the real-time temperature difference. Calculations yielded Compared to the previous sampling time of 36.8℃, the temperature difference was determined to be positively accumulating, and a temperature difference discrimination coefficient was set. The coefficient is 0.8, which is a dimensionless constant based on the relationship between the fin spacing of the heat sink of the two-wheeled vehicle and the Reynolds number of the air duct. The weighted temperature difference evolution value was calculated using the formula. Substituting the current data into the calculation yields ,like If the value is greater than 0.2, it is marked as a segment with a significant increase in heat load. If it is in the range of -0.2 to 0.2, it is marked as a segment with stable heat balance. The four logical judgment results of load increase, pressure decrease, concentration decrease, and temperature difference increase are combined by logical AND operation and mapped to the state label group with the same time step. This serves as a discretized vector characterizing the degree of matching between the current electrochemical reaction intensity and the external heat exchange efficiency, thus obtaining the state label group.

[0037] The morphology classification submodule, based on the status marker group, calls the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type of the same time period, and sequentially merges the change direction of each time period with the corresponding level marker, path marker and segmentation marker to form a combination of operating features. According to the preset operating morphology classification rules, each combination of operating features is classified item by item to generate the operating feature results of the cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack. The status flag group retrieves the medium power deviation flag L2 associated with the current time period, the eastward diffusion path characteristics of the surface heat source, the gas retention type D at the end of the flow channel, and the load power increase direction and pressure decrease direction in the status flag group. These discrete feature bits are then sequentially connected to form a composite operational feature vector with a dimension of 7. The system retrieves a pre-defined operational mode classification rule library, which defines multiple mode ranges and sets a set of judgment thresholds for "cooperative response mode". If the power deviation is at L2 and the temperature difference rise slope is less than 0.5℃ per second, it is classified as normal following mode. If a power deviation of L3 occurs, accompanied by abnormal deflection of the diffusion path and a sudden drop in exhaust concentration to below 10.0%, it is judged as "extreme overload mode". For the two-wheeled vehicle climbing conditions in high-temperature environments, the real-time generated operational feature combination is input into the mode rule mapping table, and multi-dimensional Euclidean distance discrimination is performed. The calculation process is as follows: if all distances are greater than the preset matching threshold, the condition is classified as an unknown transient fluctuation pattern and the previous state remains unchanged. If a matching item exists, the rule cluster center with the smallest distance is selected as the current classification result. The correlation weight between the feature vector and the "local heat accumulation fluctuation pattern" rule is calculated to be 0.85. The classification mark writing operation is performed to generate a comprehensive evaluation value that includes multiple dimensions such as power dynamic balance, thermal diffusion health, and airway patency. The classification result is encoded as an operating feature code to generate the operating feature result of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack.

[0038] Please see Figure 7The closed-loop intervention module for operational status includes a strategy selection submodule, an instruction correction submodule, and a collaborative execution submodule. The strategy selection submodule calls the combination of operating characteristics in the operating characteristic results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack, calls the preset stack integrated control strategy library, searches for each strategy item according to the corresponding relationship of the operating characteristic combination, and sequentially writes the corresponding anode inlet valve opening adjustment item, anode tail exhaust valve opening adjustment item, air-cooled cooling fan speed adjustment item and target power adjustment item into the control record to obtain the strategy item set; The system extracts a segmented sequence containing the power level deviation L2, diffusion path feature code 0x2A1E4D, and flow channel stagnation marker D. This sequence is then entered into a control strategy library pre-programmed into the microcontroller's Flash memory array, which stores various preset logic branches. Logical matching operations are performed between each component of the current vector and the index columns in the library. For the condition of rapid local temperature rise during two-wheeled vehicles climbing hills, the corresponding strategy number STR-005 is retrieved. The initial adjustment increment of the anode intake valve opening is +5%, the anode exhaust valve exhaust cycle reduction constant is 0.2 seconds, the step size of the air-cooled cooling fan speed is +300 rpm, and the target power reduction ratio is 0.95, all defined under this entry. The selected physical parameter adjustment base values ​​are written to the control record buffer in hexadecimal format. If the corresponding number is not found in the strategy library, the system's default STR-000 safety conservative derating strategy is invoked. The current real-time status marker group is retrieved, and the step gain coefficient of the power adjustment item is set for the power deviation level L2. The value is 1.2, which is set based on the slope of the ohmic polarization segment of the fuel cell polarization curve; The preliminary power target value is calculated to be... The 0.95 here is a dimensionless attenuation ratio. The control parameters of the four dimensions of intake, exhaust, fan and power are matrixed. In the millisecond-level control cycle of the two-wheeled vehicle operating under different conditions, it is ensured that each matched strategy entry has a unique operating condition trigger timestamp. The static data structure containing multiple sets of candidate parameter combinations is parsed and mapped to the dynamic control variable list and strategy entry set.

[0039] The instruction correction submodule reads the corresponding amplitude content of each adjustment item according to the strategy item set, calls the load status flag, pressure status flag, tail status flag and temperature status flag corresponding to the current operating feature combination, maps each status flag to each adjustment item, rewrites the amplitude content of each adjustment item, and checks it against the stack safety threshold conditions item by item. The reserved items are written into the instruction record in order to obtain the adaptive adjustment instruction. The strategy entry set reads the anode intake valve opening adjustment range +5% and the fan speed adjustment range +300rpm, retrieves the status flags in the operating characteristic combination such as load power single increase direction, anode pressure decrease direction, and surface temperature difference increase direction, performs correction coefficient multiplication calculation, and sets the temperature difference correction weight. The weight is 1.15. This weight is a dimensionless parameter calculated based on the correlation between the heat exchange constant of the heat sink fins and the drag coefficient induced by the current vehicle speed. The calculated corrected fan speed adjustment is... The system reads the anode inlet pressure status flag. If the pressure fluctuation is in the low-frequency range and the concentration decrease is significant, the anode tail valve opening adjustment time is rewritten from 0.2 seconds to 0.3 seconds. The system then calls the stack safety threshold condition set, reading the stack terminal voltage lower limit threshold of 35.0V, the individual cell voltage consistency benchmark value of 0.05V, and the stack surface temperature upper limit threshold of 85.0℃. The rewritten adjustment command is then substituted into the safety prediction function. If, after increasing the fan speed by +345rpm, the predicted temperature rise slope still cannot be reduced to below 0.1℃ per second within 5 seconds, the target power adjustment term is lowered again. The amplitude is limited to below 80% of the rated power. The Euclidean distance between each instruction parameter and the physical safety red line is determined. If the distance is greater than the preset safety deviation constant 2.0 (a dimensionless safety factor), the instruction record is written. If the distance is less than or equal to 2.0, it means that the safety red line is about to be touched, and the instruction is forcibly overwritten as an extreme protection action, such as directly increasing the fan to full load duty cycle. Taking the anti-dry burning protection during rapid acceleration of a two-wheeled vehicle as a scenario, the verified intake valve, exhaust valve, fan and power control vector are serialized into binary control words to obtain adaptive adjustment instructions.

[0040] The collaborative execution submodule, based on adaptive adjustment instructions, calls the vehicle execution device interface and sends the anode intake valve opening adjustment item, anode exhaust valve opening adjustment item, air-cooled cooling fan speed adjustment item, and target power adjustment item in the order of instructions. It reads the action feedback flags of each execution device and writes them into the execution record corresponding to the sent instructions. It merges the collaborative linkage results of each adjustment item in time sequence to generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment results. The adaptive adjustment command calls the universal controller interface connected to the vehicle's underlying actuators, retrieves the encapsulated binary control word sequence, and distributes it according to the execution priority of the underlying hardware response. First, it switches the duty cycle of the cooling fan's PWM signal from 75% to 88%. Then, it sends a pulse signal to increase the angle of the anode intake valve stepper motor by 5 degrees, controlled by a dedicated driver chip. Simultaneously, it sends an action command to the anode exhaust valve solenoid based on power MOSFET conduction control to execute a 0.3-second pulse exhaust. The corrected target power of 1474.40W is sent to the motor controller via the CAN bus. The feedback listening thread reads the execution position markers of each actuator in real time, obtaining the current fan Hall feedback speed of 2845rpm, the valve opening feedback potentiometer reading of 50.2%, and the measured power of 1470W returned by the motor controller. The sent command value is subtracted from the corresponding feedback reading to obtain the execution deviation. ,like If the value is within ±2% of the command amplitude, it is marked as executed successfully. If it exceeds ±2%, it is determined that the actuator is blocked and the re-issuance mechanism and instrument panel alarm are triggered. The linkage jump process of each adjustment item on the time axis is nonlinearly fitted, and the dynamic trajectory of the average temperature of the fuel cell stack dropping from 62.8℃ to 60.5℃ under the combined effect of fan speed increase and anode scavenging is recorded. All execution feedback marks, adjustment amplitude change trajectories and corresponding time indices are merged. After the two-wheeled vehicle completes this power following and thermal control task, the evolution results of the control parameters throughout the process are stored in non-volatile memory to generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment results.

[0041] A method for a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack for a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle includes the following steps: S1: Collect continuous readings of anode pressure and opening of inlet valve and tail valve, determine pressure rise and fall and statistically analyze the direction of change, classify pressure fluctuation rhythm, combine inlet valve and tail valve opening for verification and correction, map according to fluctuation rhythm and amplitude category, and generate anode hydrogen supply status number. S2: Select the oxygen concentration determination rule according to the anode hydrogen supply status number, collect oxygen readings along the process and sort them from inlet to outlet, compare the concentration changes, divide the reaction enhancement and gas retention sections, record and mark them in sequence, and obtain the cathode channel segmentation category sequence. S3: Call up the segment categories and their distribution along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence, establish the channel position and surface coordinate mapping, select the key analysis area, collect the temperature, coordinates and fan status, select the highest temperature area as the starting point to connect the low temperature diffusion route, and obtain the surface temperature diffusion path number. S4: Determine the location and distribution range of the temperature diffusion path based on the surface temperature diffusion path number, collect the voltage, current, target power and output power of the fuel cell stack, classify the power output level, extract features and combine them with the channel segmentation type combination to generate the fuel cell stack power coupling feature results; S5: Based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the power coupling characteristics of the fuel cell stack, the load power of the vehicle drive control equipment, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration and average surface temperature readings are collected, the changing trends are compared, the operating characteristic combination is formed, and the operation characteristics of the cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack are classified according to the preset operating mode classification rules to generate the operating characteristic results of the cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack. S6: Call the operating feature combination in the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack operating feature results, call the preset stack integrated control strategy library to select the basic strategy corresponding to the operating feature combination, modify the adjustment range in the basic control strategy in combination with the operating feature combination, generate instructions under the preset safety threshold and send them to the execution device, coordinate the adjustment of the intake valve, exhaust valve, fan and target power, and generate stack operation adjustment results.

[0042] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, characterized in that, The system includes: The anode hydrogen supply assessment module collects continuous readings of anode pressure and the opening of the inlet valve and the tail valve, judges the pressure rise and fall and counts the direction changes, classifies the pressure fluctuation rhythm, combines the opening of the inlet valve and the tail valve for verification and correction, and generates an anode hydrogen supply status number by combining and mapping the fluctuation rhythm and amplitude categories. The cathode channel concentration identification module selects the oxygen concentration determination rule according to the anode hydrogen supply status number, collects oxygen readings along the path and sorts them from inlet to outlet, compares the concentration changes, divides the reaction enhancement and gas retention sections, records and marks them in sequence, and obtains the cathode channel segmentation category sequence. The surface temperature path extraction module calls up each segment category and its distribution along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence, establishes a mapping between channel position and surface coordinates, selects key analysis areas, collects temperature, coordinates and fan status, selects the highest temperature area as the starting point to connect the low temperature diffusion route, and obtains the surface temperature diffusion path number. The power deviation quantization module determines the location and distribution range of the temperature diffusion path based on the surface temperature diffusion path number, collects the voltage, current, target power and output power of the fuel cell stack, classifies the power output level, extracts features and combines them with the channel segmentation type combination to generate the fuel cell stack power coupling feature result.

2. The cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes: The fuel cell stack operation status characterization module, based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the power coupling characteristic results of the fuel cell stack, collects the load power of the vehicle drive control equipment, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration and average surface temperature readings, compares the changing trends, forms a combination of operation characteristics, and classifies them according to the preset operation mode classification rules to generate the operation characteristic results of the cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack. The closed-loop intervention module for operation status calls the combination of operation features in the operation feature results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack, calls the preset integrated control strategy library of the fuel cell stack to select the basic strategy corresponding to the combination of operation features, and modifies the adjustment range in the basic control strategy in combination with the combination of operation features. It generates instructions and sends them to the execution device under the preset safety threshold, and coordinates the adjustment of the intake valve, exhaust valve, fan and target power to generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment results.

3. The cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode hydrogen supply assessment module includes a data sequencing submodule, a fluctuation discrimination submodule, and a state mapping submodule. The data sequencing submodule acquires continuous readings of the pressure sensor installed on the anode inlet pipe of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles, as well as the opening of the anode inlet valve and the anode exhaust valve. The pressure readings are arranged sequentially according to the acquisition time. The direction of pressure rise and fall is identified between the previous and the next reading. The opening of the anode inlet valve, the opening of the anode exhaust valve and the acquisition time are synchronously matched to obtain the pressure rise and fall sequence. The fluctuation discrimination submodule reads the pressure rise and fall direction at adjacent moments based on the pressure rise and fall sequence, merges continuous fluctuation segments in chronological order, checks each fluctuation segment segment by segment according to the change direction of the anode intake valve opening and the change direction of the anode tail exhaust valve opening, removes the segments with abnormal corresponding relationships, and marks the fluctuation rhythm category and fluctuation amplitude category of the retained segments in sequence to obtain the fluctuation category combination. The state mapping submodule reads the corresponding fluctuation rhythm category and fluctuation amplitude category for each time segment according to the fluctuation category combination, calls the preset anode hydrogen supply state mapping relationship, matches the corresponding category combination for each time segment item by item, arranges the matching results in chronological order and writes them into the state flag to generate an anode hydrogen supply state number.

4. The cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cathode channel concentration identification module includes a rule selection submodule, a path comparison submodule, and a segmented arrangement submodule. The rule selection submodule selects the corresponding oxygen concentration change judgment rule according to the anode hydrogen supply status number, calls the continuous reading of the oxygen concentration sensor arranged along the closed channel of the stack cathode, arranges each collection position in the order from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, and writes the corresponding reading of each collection position and position order into the along record to obtain the concentration judgment rule. The process comparison submodule, based on the concentration determination rules, calls the process record, reads the oxygen concentration readings of the previous and next positions of adjacent positions, compares the change direction segment by segment in the order from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, and checks the change direction of each segment with the determination conditions of the reaction enhancement segment segment by segment. The corresponding channel segments are written into enhancement marks or retention marks to obtain segment category marks. The segmented arrangement submodule reads the corresponding reinforcement mark or retention mark for each channel segment according to the segment category mark, arranges each segment mark sequentially along the direction from cathode inlet to cathode outlet, writes adjacent segment marks continuously into the channel position order, and forms a continuous arrangement result according to the process order to generate the cathode channel segment category sequence.

5. The cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface temperature path extraction module includes a location mapping submodule, a region selection submodule, and a path connection submodule. The position mapping submodule establishes a correspondence between the cathode channel position and the stack surface coordinates based on the stack structure layout, according to the segment category markers and the distribution positions along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence. It selects the corresponding cathode channel position and maps it to the stack surface coordinate area, and writes the surface coordinate markers and segment category markers according to the channel order to obtain the coordinate correspondence table. The region selection submodule, according to the coordinate correspondence table, calls the temperature sensor readings and corresponding coordinates at each position on the surface of the fuel cell stack, and obtains the operating status information of the air-cooled cooling fan. It reads the temperature readings corresponding to the mapped positions according to the coordinate range, and sequentially merges the segmented category markers into key regions. It compares the temperature readings at each position within the key regions and selects the position where the temperature reading is at the top of the region to obtain the heat source location point. The path connection submodule, based on the heat source location point, reads the coordinates of the path starting point, the coordinates of the surrounding location, the temperature reading and the coordinate orientation. It checks the temperature decrease order and spatial extension direction between adjacent locations. When the continuous locations meet the directional continuity judgment condition, it connects the continuous locations into a route from the path starting point to the temperature decrease area, and marks the path number according to the connection order to generate the surface temperature diffusion path number.

6. The cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rate deviation quantization module includes a path delimitation submodule, a power level discrimination submodule, and a feature combination submodule. The path delimitation submodule determines the location and distribution range of the corresponding temperature diffusion path based on the surface temperature diffusion path number, calls the coordinate markers and connecting path order corresponding to the path number, reads the location of each path node, the direction of the first and last extension and the boundary of the coverage area, arranges the corresponding positions of the same path number in the order of the connecting lines, and writes the distribution range and the direction of the extension into the path record to obtain the path distribution map. The power level discrimination submodule collects the stack terminal voltage reading, stack output current reading, and vehicle target power demand reading provided by the vehicle drive control equipment. According to the path layout diagram, it calls the path position mark at the corresponding time, and sequentially reads the terminal voltage, output current, and vehicle target power demand at each time. It compares the output power reading with the vehicle target power demand reading at the same time item by item, and writes the level mark according to the preset power division rule to obtain the power output level. The feature combination submodule, based on the power output level, calls the distribution range and extension direction in the path distribution diagram to obtain the channel segment type in the cathode channel segment category sequence, arranges the power level mark, path position mark, extension direction mark and channel segment mark according to the corresponding relationship at the same time, combines each mark in sequence and writes it into the corresponding segment to generate the stack power coupling feature result.

7. The cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack operating status characterization module includes an operating condition acquisition submodule, a timing merging submodule, and a morphology classification submodule; The operating condition acquisition submodule, based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the power coupling characteristic results of the fuel cell stack, acquires the output load power signal of the vehicle drive control equipment, the anode inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack, the tail gas concentration of the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the average temperature reading of the fuel cell stack surface and the ambient temperature reading, and arranges the readings and feature marks in the order of the acquisition time corresponding to the continuous operation period to obtain the operating condition time series. The timing merging submodule reads the load power signal, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration, average surface temperature reading of the stack, and ambient temperature reading at adjacent time points based on the operating condition timing sequence. It compares the changes in the state before and after along the time sequence and writes the load power change direction, pressure fluctuation section, exhaust gas concentration change direction, and surface temperature difference change direction into the same time period mark to obtain the status mark group. The morphology classification submodule, based on the state marker group, calls the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type for the same time period, and sequentially merges the change direction of each time period with the corresponding level marker, path marker and segmentation marker to form an operating feature combination. Each operating feature combination is classified item by item according to the preset operating morphology classification rules to generate the operating feature results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack.

8. The cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The operational status closed-loop intervention module includes a strategy selection submodule, an instruction correction submodule, and a collaborative execution submodule. The strategy selection submodule calls the combination of operating features in the operating feature results of the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack, calls the preset stack integrated control strategy library, searches for each strategy item according to the correspondence of the operating feature combination, and sequentially writes the corresponding anode inlet valve opening adjustment item, anode tail exhaust valve opening adjustment item, air-cooled cooling fan speed adjustment item and target power adjustment item into the control record to obtain the strategy item set; The instruction correction submodule reads the corresponding amplitude content of each adjustment item according to the strategy item set, calls the load status flag, pressure status flag, tail status flag and temperature status flag corresponding to the current operating feature combination, maps each status flag to each adjustment item, rewrites the amplitude content of each adjustment item, and checks it against the stack safety threshold conditions item by item. The reserved items are written into the instruction record in order to obtain the adaptive adjustment instruction. The collaborative execution submodule, based on the adaptive adjustment command, calls the vehicle execution device interface and sends the anode intake valve opening adjustment item, anode exhaust valve opening adjustment item, air-cooled cooling fan speed adjustment item, and target power adjustment item in the order of the command. It reads the action feedback flag of each execution device and writes it into the execution record corresponding to the sent command. It merges the collaborative linkage results of each adjustment item in time sequence to generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment result.

9. A method for a cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack for a hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicle, characterized in that, The method is used in the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack system for hydrogen-powered two-wheeled vehicles according to any one of claims 1-8, and includes the following steps: S1: Collect continuous readings of anode pressure and opening of inlet valve and tail valve, determine pressure rise and fall and statistically analyze the direction of change, classify pressure fluctuation rhythm, combine inlet valve and tail valve opening for verification and correction, map according to fluctuation rhythm and amplitude category, and generate anode hydrogen supply status number. S2: Select the oxygen concentration determination rule according to the anode hydrogen supply status number, collect oxygen readings along the process and sort them from inlet to outlet, compare the concentration changes, divide the reaction enhancement and gas retention sections, record the markings in sequence, and obtain the cathode channel segmentation category sequence. S3: Call up the segment categories and their distribution along the path in the cathode channel segment category sequence, establish a channel position and surface coordinate mapping, select the key analysis area, collect temperature, coordinates and fan status, select the highest temperature area as the starting point to connect the low temperature diffusion route, and obtain the surface temperature diffusion path number. S4: Determine the location and distribution range of the temperature diffusion path according to the surface temperature diffusion path number, collect the voltage, current, target power and output power of the fuel cell, classify the power output level, extract features and combine them with the channel segmentation type combination to generate the fuel cell power coupling feature result; S5: Based on the power output level, temperature diffusion path characteristics and channel segmentation type in the power coupling characteristic results of the fuel cell stack, collect the load power, anode inlet pressure, cathode exhaust gas concentration and average surface temperature readings of the vehicle drive control equipment, compare the changing trends, form a combination of operating characteristics, and classify them according to the preset operating mode classification rules to generate the operating characteristic results of the cathode closed air-cooled fuel cell stack. S6: Call the operating feature combination in the cathode-enclosed air-cooled fuel cell stack operating feature result, call the preset fuel cell stack integrated control strategy library to select the basic strategy corresponding to the operating feature combination, modify the adjustment range in the basic control strategy in combination with the operating feature combination, generate instructions under the preset safety threshold and send them to the execution device, coordinate the adjustment of the intake valve, exhaust valve, fan and target power, and generate the fuel cell stack operation adjustment result.

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