Short-process, high-efficiency supergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system and technology

Abstract

This invention discloses a short-process, high-efficiency, hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system and process. The system includes a CO2 absorption unit, a heat exchanger, a hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor, and a product separation unit. The process utilizes this system to achieve short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion. It innovatively integrates the four independent steps of desorption (including a desorption tower and reboiler), compression, gasification, and hydrogenation reaction in conventional processes into a single hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor, achieving a "five-in-one" equipment replacement. This avoids the need for CO2 to be desorbed, compressed into a liquid state, and then gasified to participate in the hydrogenation reaction in conventional processes, reducing the overall equipment footprint and lowering system energy consumption and investment costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CO2 capture, utilization, and process intensification. Specifically, it relates to a short-process, high-efficiency, hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system and process. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology, as one of the core technologies for addressing global climate change, can separate and capture CO2 emitted during production processes for resource utilization or permanent storage. It is considered a key supporting technology for ensuring energy security and economic development, and achieving carbon reduction goals. The mainstream CO2 capture technology in the industry is the chemical absorption method using an "absorption tower + desorption tower." However, the absorbent regeneration process consumes a large amount of heat energy; typically, the desorption section accounts for more than 60% of the overall capture energy consumption, resulting in persistently high capture energy costs. Traditional CO2 conversion technologies usually rely on external, highly active catalyst reaction systems and require harsh conditions such as high temperature and high pressure. This not only leads to high energy consumption but also problems such as easy catalyst deactivation and difficulty in product separation. More importantly, existing technologies mostly adopt a step-by-step process of "capture first, then conversion," where CO2 is captured, desorbed, purified, and compressed before being fed into the conversion reactor for reaction. This step-by-step process has significant drawbacks: First, the numerous intermediate steps lead to the risk of CO2 leakage during the transfer process, reducing the overall carbon emission reduction efficiency; second, the multiple compression and purification steps further increase the system's energy consumption and process complexity, significantly reducing its economic efficiency; and third, each unit is designed independently, resulting in low system integration and a large overall equipment size.

[0003] In view of this, Chinese patent application 202411494595.0 discloses an integrated system and method for CO2 capture and conversion utilization in coal-fired flue gas. This invention uses a reactor filled with capture catalytic material to achieve integrated CO2 capture and conversion utilization, solving the problems of high energy consumption and system complexity in the CO2 release, separation, storage and conversion process when CO2 capture and conversion are carried out in two steps. However, solid adsorbent materials may face the problem of limited adsorption capacity and need to be regenerated or replaced regularly. Secondly, the solid adsorbent materials used in this invention are prone to sintering, carbon deposition or loss of metal active components at high temperatures, resulting in a decrease in adsorption and catalytic performance with the number of cycles, and are relatively expensive.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent application 202311730484.0 discloses an integrated capture and conversion system based on a bifunctional material for carbon dioxide adsorption and catalysis. This system fills two fixed-bed reactors with this bifunctional material, enabling the adsorption of CO2 from the air at room temperature. Instead of desorption, the adsorbent is directly heated and hydrogenated to produce methane, while simultaneously regenerating the adsorbent. This achieves low-energy, integrated CO2 capture and resource utilization. However, this method suffers from the same drawbacks: solid adsorbents may face limitations in adsorption capacity, short replacement cycles, and high costs.

[0005] For example, Chinese patent application 201811362208.2 discloses a carbon dioxide recovery and utilization system in power plant flue gas. By separating and purifying CO2 in power plant flue gas, CO2 is converted into methane using plasma or catalytic methods, realizing the integration of waste power energy storage conversion, by-product oxygen, CO2 capture and chemical utilization. However, this invention only connects the capture and conversion stages in series, so the equipment is large and has many steps. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first technical problem this application aims to solve is to provide a short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system device.

[0007] The second technical problem this application aims to solve is to provide a short-process, high-efficiency, hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion process. This process innovatively integrates the four independent steps of desorption (including a desorption tower and reboiler), compression, gasification, and hydrogenation reaction in a single hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor, achieving a "five-in-one" equipment replacement. This avoids the need for CO2 to be desorbed, compressed into a liquid state, and then gasified to participate in the hydrogenation reaction in conventional processes, reducing the overall equipment footprint and lowering system energy consumption and investment costs.

[0008] To solve the first technical problem mentioned above, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system includes a CO2 absorption unit, a heat exchanger, a hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor, and a product separation unit. The CO2 absorption unit is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger via a pipe; The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the feed inlet of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor via a pipeline; The product outlet of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the product separation unit via a pipeline. The product separation unit is connected to the CO2 absorption unit via a circulation pipeline; The product from the product separation unit is output through a product output pipe. The in-situ hydrogenation reactor under hypergravity includes a hypergravity microbubble generation zone and a reactor bed zone; The supergravity microbubble generating zone includes a motor, main shaft, rotor, feed inlet, and shell; The motor is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the rotor via a main shaft, and the reactor bed area is fixedly connected to the center of the upper surface of the rotor; a feed inlet is provided on the shell facing the rotor; The reactor bed region includes a lower ceramic ball support layer, a catalyst bed, and an upper ceramic ball support layer.

[0009] Preferably, the CO2 absorption unit is a packed absorption tower or a supergravity reactor.

[0010] Preferably, the CO2 absorption unit is provided with a raw material inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid outlet, and a circulating liquid inlet.

[0011] Preferably, the feed inlet of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor is a Y-shaped feed inlet, which can simultaneously feed liquid and gaseous raw materials.

[0012] To solve the second technical problem mentioned above, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A short-process, high-efficiency, gravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: 1) The CO2-containing gas mixture is absorbed by the CO2 absorbent in the CO2 absorption unit to form a rich liquid; 2) The CO2-rich liquid and hydrogen gas are fed into the in-situ hydrogenation reactor under high gravity. After passing through the high gravity microbubble generation zone, the sparingly soluble hydrogen gas is dispersed into a large number of nano-microbubbles in the rich liquid and flows to the reactor bed zone. 3) In the reactor bed zone, CO2 desorbed from the liquid phase and dissolved H2 undergo in-situ catalytic hydrogenation at the catalyst active sites in the catalyst bed zone; 4) After the reaction, the mixture enters the product separation unit to obtain the product and lean liquid. After separation, the lean liquid returns to the CO2 absorption unit through the circulation pipeline to continue the circulation and reaction, and the product is output through the product pipeline.

[0013] Preferably, in step 1), the CO2 absorbent is an amine absorbent, a non-amine absorbent, or a composite absorbent.

[0014] Preferably, in step 2), the size of the nanobubbles is 30nm-1000um.

[0015] Preferably, in step 2), the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 1-100.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3), the rotor speed of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor under hypergravity is 200-2800 r / min, and the space velocity is 5000-30000 mL·g. -1 ·h -1 .

[0017] Preferably, in step 3), the reaction temperature of the in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction is 20-500℃ and the pressure is 0.1-25MPa.

[0018] Preferably, in step 3), the in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction includes the hydrogenation of CO2 to prepare methanol or formic acid.

[0019] Any range described in this invention includes the endpoint, any value between the endpoints, and any subrange consisting of the endpoint or any value between the endpoints.

[0020] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention can be obtained commercially, and the equipment used in this invention can be conventional equipment in the relevant field or refer to existing technology in the relevant field.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0022] The four independent steps of desorption (including desorption tower and reboiler), compression, gasification and hydrogenation reaction in the traditional process are innovatively integrated into a single high-gravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor, achieving a "five-in-one" equipment replacement. This avoids the need for CO2 to be desorbed, compressed into liquid, and then gasified to participate in the hydrogenation reaction in the conventional process, reducing the overall equipment footprint and lowering system energy consumption and investment costs. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of existing conventional CO2 capture and conversion technologies; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the short-process, high-efficiency, supergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor under supergravity of the present invention.

[0024] Numerical markings: 101-packed absorber, 102-heat exchanger, 103-desorption tower, 104-reboiler, 105-gas separation unit, 106-compression and transportation unit, 107-CO2 hydrogenation reactor, 108-product separation unit; Numerical labeling: 201- CO2 absorption unit, 202- heat exchanger, 203- in-situ hydrogenation reactor under high gravity, 204- product separation unit; 1- high gravity microbubble generation zone, 2- reactor bed zone, 11- motor, 12- main shaft, 13- rotor, 14- feed inlet, 15- shell, 21- lower ceramic ball support layer, 22- catalyst bed, 23- upper ceramic ball support layer. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the following description, in conjunction with preferred embodiments, further clarifies the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific descriptions below are illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] See Figure 2 As shown, as one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system device, comprising a CO2 absorption unit 201, a heat exchanger 202, a hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor 203, and a product separation unit 204. The CO2 absorption unit 201 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 202 via a pipe; The outlet of the heat exchanger 202 is connected to the inlet 14 of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor 203 via a pipeline. The product outlet of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor 203 is connected to the inlet of the product separation unit 204 via a pipeline. The product separation unit 204 is connected to the CO2 absorption unit 201 through a circulation pipeline; The product from the product separation unit 204 is output through the product output pipe. The in-situ hydrogenation reactor 203 under hypergravity includes a hypergravity microbubble generation zone 1 and a reactor bed zone 2. The supergravity microbubble generating zone includes a motor 11, a main shaft 12, a rotor 13, a feed inlet 14, and a housing 15; The motor 11 is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the rotor 13 via the main shaft 12, and the reactor bed zone 2 is fixedly connected to the center of the upper surface of the rotor 13; the shell 15 is provided with a feed inlet 14 facing the rotor 13; The reactor bed zone 2 includes a lower ceramic ball support layer 21, a catalyst bed 22, and an upper ceramic ball support layer 23.

[0027] It is understood that the supergravity microbubble generation zone in this application achieves efficient microbubble generation through the synergistic effect of internal packing material breakage and high turbulence field.

[0028] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the CO2 absorption unit is a packed absorption tower or a supergravity reactor; the CO2 absorption unit 201 is provided with a raw material inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid outlet and a circulating liquid inlet.

[0029] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, the feed inlet of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor 203 is a Y-type feed inlet, which can simultaneously feed liquid and gaseous raw materials.

[0030] See Figure 2 As shown, as another aspect of the present invention, a short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: 1) The CO2-containing gas mixture is absorbed by the CO2 absorbent in the CO2 absorption unit to form a rich liquid; 2) The CO2-rich liquid and hydrogen gas are fed into the in-situ hydrogenation reactor under high gravity. After passing through the high gravity microbubble generation zone, the sparingly soluble hydrogen gas is dispersed into a large number of nano-microbubbles in the rich liquid and flows to the reactor bed zone. 3) In the reactor bed zone, CO2 desorbed from the liquid phase and dissolved H2 undergo in-situ catalytic hydrogenation at the catalyst active sites in the catalyst bed zone; 4) After the reaction, the mixture enters the product separation unit to obtain the product and lean liquid. After separation, the lean liquid returns to the CO2 absorption unit through the circulation pipeline to continue the circulation and reaction, and the product is output through the product pipeline.

[0031] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 1), the CO2 absorbent is an amine absorbent, a non-amine absorbent, or a composite absorbent.

[0032] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 2), the size of the nanobubbles is 30nm-1000um.

[0033] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 2), the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 1-100.

[0034] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), the rotor speed of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor under hypergravity is 200-2800 r / min, and the space velocity is 5000-30000 mL·g. -1 ·h -1 .

[0035] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), the reaction temperature of the in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction is 20-500°C and the pressure is 0.1-25 MPa.

[0036] According to certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), the in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction includes the hydrogenation of CO2 to prepare methanol or formic acid. Example 1

[0037] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: Carbon dioxide mixture emitted from a thermal power plant is safely collected at a concentration of 15% and transported to a CO2 absorption unit (201). This CO2 absorption unit is a hypergravity reactor using a monoethanolamine solution as the absorbent. The absorption temperature is 40°C, the gas-liquid ratio is 200, and the absorption rate is 90%. The CO2-rich liquid is then heat-exchanged and fed with hydrogen into a hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor (203) for in-situ hydrogenation to produce methanol. The rich liquid is separated from CO2 and regenerated within the hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor. The reactor speed is set to 1000 r / min, and the sparingly soluble hydrogen disperses into numerous nanobubbles in the rich liquid. Subsequently, in the catalyst bed region, "CO2 desorbed from the liquid phase and dissolved H2" in the rich solution undergo an in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction at the active sites of the catalyst. The reaction temperature is 100℃, the reaction pressure is 0.3MPa, the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst, the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 3, and the space velocity is 8000 mL·g⁻¹. -1 ·h -1 The mixture after the reaction enters the separation unit (204) to obtain the product and lean liquid. After separation, the lean liquid returns to the CO2 absorption unit to continue the cycle and reaction. Comparative Example 1

[0038] See Figure 1 As shown, a CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: A mixture of carbon dioxide and CO2 emitted from a thermal power plant is safely collected. The CO2 concentration is 15%, and the mixture is transported to a packed absorber (101). The absorbent is a monoethanolamine solution, the absorption temperature is 40°C, the gas-liquid ratio is 200, and the absorption rate is 80%. The CO2-rich liquid is heat-exchanged and then transported to a desorption tower (103) and a reboiler (104) for regeneration. The lean liquid is returned to the absorber for further circulation and reaction. The regenerated CO2 mixture enters a gas separation unit (105) to obtain high-purity CO2. After passing through a compression and transport unit (106), it is finally transported to a CO2 hydrogenation reactor (107) for reaction to produce methanol. The reaction temperature is 100°C, the reaction pressure is 0.3 MPa, the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst, the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 3, and the space velocity is 8000 mL·g. -1 ·h -1The reacted mixture enters the separation unit (108) to obtain the product.

[0039] Testing revealed that, compared to Comparative Example 1, Example 1 of this application has the same carbon dioxide processing capacity. However, Example 1 of this application has a higher CO2 absorption rate, can reduce the number of devices by more than 50%, has a more compact system, and can reduce the floor space by more than 40%. The overall energy consumption of the system is reduced by more than 30%, maintenance is simple, fewer operators are required, and the overall investment and operating costs can be reduced by more than 30%. Example 2

[0040] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: Carbon dioxide mixture emitted from a thermal power plant was safely collected at a concentration of 12% and transported to a CO2 absorption unit (201). This CO2 absorption unit was a hypergravity reactor, using N-methyldiethanolamine solution as the absorbent. The absorption temperature was 40°C, the gas-liquid ratio was 150, and the absorption rate was 91%. The CO2-rich liquid was then heat-exchanged and fed with hydrogen into a hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor (203) for in-situ hydrogenation to produce methanol. The rich liquid was separated from CO2 and regenerated in the hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor. The reactor speed was set to 900 r / min, and the sparingly soluble hydrogen gas was dispersed into a large number of nanobubbles in the rich liquid. Subsequently, in the catalyst bed region, "desorbed CO2 dissolved in the liquid phase" and "dissolved H2" in the rich solution undergo in-situ catalytic hydrogenation at the active sites of the catalyst. The reaction temperature is 105℃, the reaction pressure is 0.5 MPa, the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst, the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 3, and the space velocity is 9000 mL·g. -1 ·h -1 The mixture after the reaction enters the separation unit (204) to obtain the product and lean liquid. After separation, the lean liquid returns to the CO2 absorption unit to continue the cycle and reaction. Comparative Example 2

[0041] See Figure 1 As shown, a CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: A mixture of carbon dioxide and CO2 emitted from a thermal power plant was safely collected. The CO2 concentration was 12%, and the mixture was transported to a packed absorber (101). The absorbent was N-methyldiethanolamine solution, the absorption temperature was 40°C, the gas-liquid ratio was 150, and the absorption rate was 83%. The CO2-rich liquid was heat-exchanged and then transported to a desorption tower (103) and a reboiler (104) for regeneration. The lean liquid was returned to the absorber for further circulation and reaction. The regenerated CO2 mixture entered a gas separation unit (105) to obtain high-purity CO2. After passing through a compression and transport unit (106), it was finally transported to a CO2 hydrogenation reactor (107) for reaction to produce methanol. The reaction temperature was 105°C, the reaction pressure was 0.5 MPa, the catalyst was a noble metal catalyst, the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 was 3, and the space velocity was 9000 mL·g. -1 ·h -1 The reacted mixture enters the separation unit (108) to obtain the product.

[0042] Testing revealed that, compared to Comparative Example 2, Example 2 of this application has the same carbon dioxide processing capacity. However, Example 1 of this application has a higher CO2 absorption rate, can reduce the number of devices by more than 50%, has a more compact system, and can reduce the floor space by more than 40%. The overall energy consumption of the system is reduced by more than 30%, maintenance is simple, fewer operators are required, and the comprehensive investment and operating costs can be reduced by more than 30%. Example 3

[0043] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, a short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: Carbon dioxide mixture emitted from a thermal power plant was safely collected at a concentration of 8% and transported to a CO2 absorption unit (201). This CO2 absorption unit was a packed absorber tower using monoethanolamine solution as the absorbent, at an absorption temperature of 40°C and a gas-liquid ratio of 250. The absorption rate was 85%. The CO2-rich liquid was then heat-exchanged and fed with hydrogen into a hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor (203) for in-situ hydrogenation to produce methanol. The rich liquid was separated from CO2 and regenerated within the hypergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor. The reactor speed was set to 1100 r / min, and the sparingly soluble hydrogen gas dispersed into a large number of nanobubbles in the rich liquid. Subsequently, in the catalyst bed region, "CO2 desorbed from the liquid phase and dissolved H2" in the rich solution undergo in-situ catalytic hydrogenation at the active sites of the catalyst. The reaction temperature is 110℃, the reaction pressure is 0.2 MPa, the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst, the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 3, and the space velocity is 10000 mL·g. -1 ·h -1The mixture after the reaction enters the separation unit (204) to obtain the product and lean liquid. After separation, the lean liquid returns to the CO2 absorption unit to continue the cycle and reaction. Comparative Example 3

[0044] See Figure 1 As shown, a CO2 capture and conversion process includes the following steps: A mixture of carbon dioxide and CO2 emitted from a thermal power plant is safely collected. The CO2 concentration is 8%, and the mixture is transported to a packed absorber (101). The absorbent is monoethanolamine solution, the absorption temperature is 40°C, the gas-liquid ratio is 250, and the absorption rate is 80%. The CO2-rich liquid is heat-exchanged and then transported to a desorption tower (103) and a reboiler (104) for regeneration. The lean liquid is returned to the absorber for further circulation and reaction. The regenerated CO2 mixture enters a gas separation unit (105) to obtain high-purity CO2. After passing through a compression and transport unit (106), it is finally transported to a CO2 hydrogenation reactor (203) for reaction to produce methanol. The reaction temperature is 110°C, the reaction pressure is 0.2 Pa, the catalyst is a noble metal catalyst, the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 3, and the space velocity is 10000 mL·g. -1 ·h -1 The reacted mixture enters the separation unit (108) to obtain the product.

[0045] Testing revealed that, compared to Comparative Example 3, Example 3 of this application has the same carbon dioxide processing capacity. However, the number of devices in Example 1 of this application can be reduced by more than 50%, the system is more compact, the floor space can be reduced by more than 40%, the overall energy consumption of the system is reduced by more than 30%, maintenance is simple, fewer operators are required, and the comprehensive investment and operating costs can be reduced by more than 30%.

[0046] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all embodiments here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system, characterized in that, Includes a CO2 absorption unit, a heat exchanger, a high-gravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor, and a product separation unit; The packing absorption unit is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger via a pipe; The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the feed inlet of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor via a pipeline; The product outlet of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor is connected to the inlet of the product separation unit via a pipeline. The product separation unit is connected to the CO2 absorption unit via a circulation pipeline; The product from the product separation unit is output through a product output pipe. The in-situ hydrogenation reactor under hypergravity includes a hypergravity microbubble generation zone and a reactor bed zone; The supergravity microbubble generating zone includes a motor, main shaft, rotor, feed inlet, and shell; The motor is fixedly connected to the center of the lower surface of the rotor via a main shaft, and the reactor bed area is fixedly connected to the center of the upper surface of the rotor; a feed inlet is provided on the shell facing the rotor; The reactor bed region includes a lower ceramic ball support layer, a catalyst bed, and an upper ceramic ball support layer.

2. The short-process, high-efficiency, hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CO2 absorption unit is a packed absorption tower or a supergravity reactor; the CO2 absorption unit is equipped with a raw material inlet, a gas outlet, a liquid outlet and a circulating liquid inlet.

3. The short-process, high-efficiency, hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion system device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed inlet of the supergravity in-situ hydrogenation reactor is a Y-shaped feed inlet, which can simultaneously feed liquid and gaseous feedstocks.

4. A process for short-process, high-efficiency hypergravity-enhanced CO2 capture and conversion using the system apparatus described in any one of claims 1-3, comprising the following steps: 1) The CO2-containing gas mixture is absorbed by the CO2 absorbent in the CO2 absorption unit to form a rich liquid; 2) The CO2-rich liquid and hydrogen gas are fed into the in-situ hydrogenation reactor under high gravity. After passing through the high gravity microbubble generation zone, the sparingly soluble hydrogen gas is dispersed into a large number of nano-microbubbles in the rich liquid and flows to the reactor bed zone. 3) In the reactor bed zone, CO2 desorbed from the liquid phase and dissolved H2 undergo in-situ catalytic hydrogenation at the catalyst active sites in the catalyst bed zone; 4) After the reaction, the mixture enters the product separation unit to obtain the product and lean liquid. After separation, the lean liquid returns to the CO2 absorption unit through the circulation pipeline to continue the circulation and reaction, and the product is output through the product pipeline.

5. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 1), the CO2 absorbent is an amine absorbent, a non-amine absorbent, or a composite absorbent.

6. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2), the size of the nanobubbles is 30nm-1000um.

7. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 2), the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 is 1 to 100.

8. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3), the rotor speed of the in-situ hydrogenation reactor under high gravity is 200-2800 r / min, and the space velocity is 5000-30000 mL∙g. -1 ∙h -1 .

9. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3), the reaction temperature of the in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction is 20-500℃ and the pressure is 0.1-25MPa.

10. The process according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 3), the in-situ catalytic hydrogenation reaction includes the hydrogenation of CO2 to prepare methanol or formic acid.

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