A surveying and mapping unmanned aerial vehicle and a surveying and mapping method for reducing surveying and mapping errors

Abstract

This invention provides a surveying drone and surveying method for reducing surveying errors, relating to the field of surveying drone technology. The invention includes wing direction adjustment mechanisms on both sides of the drone body for connecting and adjusting the wing direction. A drive mechanism on the drone body drives the wing direction adjustment mechanisms to adjust the wing direction. A flight mechanism on the mounting plate propels the drone in flight for surveying activities. A lifting mechanism on the drone body is used to lift and lower the surveying instrument and clean dust from it. Through the coordinated operation of the wing direction adjustment mechanism and the drive mechanism, this invention allows for flexible adjustment of the wing direction, enabling the drone to achieve slow high-altitude flight and in-flight parking, improving flight stability and ensuring low-error surveying. The drive mechanism, through a combination of gear transmission, threaded transmission, and ball joint connection, ensures smooth wing adjustment, avoiding flight instability caused by adjustment jams or deviations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surveying drone technology, and in particular to a surveying drone and surveying method that reduces surveying errors. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of surveying technology, UAV surveying, with its advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, and low cost, has been widely used in various fields such as topographic surveying, engineering construction, and resource investigation. However, existing surveying UAVs still face several problems in practical applications: the wing direction adjustment mechanism is poorly designed and lacks sufficient adjustment flexibility; during high-altitude flight, the lens protective glass is easily contaminated with dust, water mist, and stains, which, if not cleaned in time, will seriously affect image clarity and further exacerbate the deviation of surveying data; and after landing, the UAV requires manual retrieval by personnel at the landing site, which is particularly difficult and inefficient in remote and complex terrain areas. These problems restrict the surveying quality and ease of use of surveying UAVs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a surveying UAV that can reduce surveying errors and improve safety and convenience. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a surveying drone and surveying method that reduces surveying errors.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors, comprising a fuselage and a power supply mechanism mounted within the fuselage; wing direction adjustment mechanisms are provided on both sides of the fuselage for connecting and adjusting the wing direction; a drive mechanism is provided on the fuselage for driving the wing direction adjustment mechanisms to adjust the wing direction; mounting plates are installed on the wings; a flight mechanism is provided on the mounting plates for propelling the fuselage in flight to perform mapping activities; a lifting mechanism is provided on the fuselage for lifting and lowering the mapping instrument and cleaning dust and stains on the mapping instrument; a buffer mechanism is provided at the bottom of the fuselage to increase the buffer area during landing; a cavity is provided inside the mapping instrument, and a control processor is installed on the end wall of the cavity; the control… A memory card is inserted into the processor. The control processor is signal-connected to the surveying instrument. The control processor includes an acquisition module, a transmission module, a processing module, and a delivery module. The acquisition module and the processing module are connected through the transmission module, and the processing module and the delivery module are connected through the transmission module. The acquisition module is used to acquire image data generated by the surveying instrument. The transmission module is used to transmit the data information acquired by the acquisition module and the information data processed by the processing module. The processing module is used to process the image data information transmitted by the transmission module from the acquisition module. The delivery module is used to deliver the information data transmitted by the transmission module and the information data processed by the processing module.

[0005] Preferably, the wing orientation adjustment mechanism includes a rotating shaft. Connecting plates are provided on both sides of the fuselage for rotatably connecting the rotating shaft. A connecting block is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft away from the connecting plate. A hinge rod is hinged to the end of the connecting block away from the rotating shaft. A wing is fixedly connected to the end of the hinge rod away from the connecting block. A second ball joint is mounted on the wing. When one side of the wing is subjected to force, the wing rotates via the rotating shaft, and simultaneously the hinge rod and connecting block rotate, causing the wing to rotate from a direction parallel to the connecting plate to a direction perpendicular to the connecting plate. This changes the wing's orientation, enabling the aircraft to perform slow flight and stop in mid-air.

[0006] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a first motor and a threaded rod. The first motor is mounted on the body, and the output shaft of the first motor is connected to a first gear via a coupling. The threaded rod is rotatably connected to the body, and one end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected to a second gear that meshes with the first gear at the location of the first gear. A nut block is slidably connected to the body, and the nut block is also threadedly connected to the threaded rod. One end of the nut block is rotatably connected to a first ball shaft, and a connecting rod is rotatably connected to the first ball shaft. The end of the connecting rod away from the first ball shaft is rotatably connected to the second ball shaft. The first motor drives the first gear to rotate, and the second gear meshes with the first gear, causing the threaded rod to rotate. The nut block slides outside the threaded rod due to the limitation of the body. At this time, the nut block drives the connecting rod to push one side of the wing. When the connecting rod pushes the wing to rotate with the help of the pivot, both ends of the connecting rod rotate on the first and second ball shafts, thereby causing the wing to rotate from a direction parallel to the connecting plate to a vertical direction.

[0007] Preferably, the mounting plate is rotatably connected to the wing via a rotating rod. A second motor is mounted on one side of the wing, and the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the rotating rod via a coupling. The second motor drives the rotating rod to rotate, which in turn drives the mounting plate to rotate, allowing the direction of the flight mechanism to be adjusted.

[0008] Preferably, the flight mechanism includes a third motor mounted on a mounting plate. The output shaft of the third motor is connected to a propeller via a coupling. A hub is mounted on the shaft of the coupling and surrounds the propeller. The hub protects the propeller from other airborne objects and birds during flight. When the aircraft is placed on the ground, the direction of the wings is adjusted so that the wings drive the flight structure to touch the ground. At this time, the hub around the propeller contacts the ground, and the propeller is started. This allows the aircraft to move on the ground via the hub, so that after landing, the aircraft can move to the personnel on its own without the need for manual retrieval at the landing site.

[0009] Preferably, the lifting mechanism includes an electric telescopic rod and a mounting frame. The mounting frame is installed on the body, and the electric telescopic rod is installed on the mounting frame. The rod of the electric telescopic rod is connected to the top of the surveying instrument. The surveying instrument is equipped with glass to protect the camera. A through groove is provided on the body for the surveying instrument to slide up and down. When the electric telescopic rod is activated, it drives the surveying instrument to slide in the through groove, thereby adjusting the height of the surveying instrument.

[0010] Preferably, a shaft is rotatably connected to one side of the through groove on the body, a cleaning roller is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shaft, and a No. 3 gear is fixedly connected to one end of the shaft. A rack is provided on one side of the outer shell of the surveying instrument, which meshes with the No. 3 gear. When the electric telescopic rod drives the surveying instrument to rise and fall, the rack on one side of the surveying instrument meshes with the No. 3 gear, driving the shaft to rotate. The shaft drives the cleaning roller to rotate to clean the dust and stains on the outer surface of the glass, and even water mist and other phenomena that occur during high-altitude flight. Cleaning fluid only needs to be injected into the cleaning roller before each flight.

[0011] Preferably, the buffer mechanism includes a rotating rod. A No. 4 motor is mounted at the bottom of the machine body. The output shaft of the No. 4 motor is connected to the rotating rod via a coupling. A geared sleeve is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod. A No. 4 gear is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the geared sleeve. The outer surface of the end of the rotating rod located inside the geared sleeve is provided with teeth that mesh with the No. 4 gear. The No. 4 gear meshes with the teeth on the geared sleeve. An assembly ring is connected to the outer periphery of the rotating rod via several connecting posts on the machine body. Each connecting post is rotatably connected to one end of the assembly ring. The device includes an arc-shaped plate on which a buffer component is mounted. Each arc-shaped plate is hinged with a traction rod. The end of the traction rod away from the arc-shaped plate is connected to an eccentric column, driving a No. 4 motor to rotate the rotating rod. The teeth on the rotating rod mesh with a No. 4 gear. The rotation of the No. 4 gear meshes with the teeth of a gear sleeve ring, causing the gear sleeve ring to rotate on the outer surface of the rotating rod. The gear sleeve ring drives the eccentric column to rotate, and the eccentric column drives the traction rod to pull the arc-shaped plate, causing the arc-shaped plate to unfold the buffer component. This increases the contact area between the buffer component and the interior during the landing of the aircraft, improving the buffering effect.

[0012] Preferably, the buffer includes a slide rod, which is mounted on the arc plate. A sleeve is slidably connected to the outer surface of the slide rod, and a buffer pad is fixedly connected to the end of the sleeve away from the slide rod. A spring is sleeved on the slide rod, with its two ends connected to the arc plate and the buffer pad, respectively.

[0013] A surveying method for reducing surveying errors, based on a surveying UAV for reducing surveying errors, includes the following steps: Step 1: Activate the flight mechanism to increase the power of the aircraft for flight, making it easier to fly to different locations for surveying; Step 2: During flight, the drive mechanism drives the wing direction adjustment mechanism to change the direction of the wing, so that when the aircraft is flying at high altitude, it can meet the functions of slow flight and slow stop in the air, thereby realizing low-error mapping. Step 3: During flight, if dust or water vapor appears on the glass of the surveying instrument, the lifting mechanism can be activated to remove the dust and impurities from the glass surface of the surveying instrument; at the same time, the lifting mechanism moves to adjust the height of the surveying instrument, making it easier to adjust the height position of the surveying. Step 4: During landing, the buffer mechanism increases the buffer area with the ground to improve the buffering effect; Step 5: When the aircraft is landing and being recovered, the direction of the wings is adjusted again to work with the No. 2 motor so that the hub of the propeller can be used to move on the ground, making it easier for personnel to recover the aircraft. Step 7: Finally, the power supply mechanism can be used to power the entire device.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, the wing direction adjustment mechanism and the drive mechanism work together to flexibly adjust the wing direction, enabling the aircraft to achieve slow high-altitude flight and in-flight slow stop, significantly improving the stability of the flight attitude and providing a basic guarantee for low-error mapping. At the same time, the drive mechanism, through a combination of gear transmission, threaded transmission and ball shaft connection, ensures that the wing adjustment process is smooth and precise, avoiding flight instability caused by adjustment jamming or deviation.

[0015] In this invention, the lifting mechanism can not only flexibly adjust the height of the surveying instrument to adapt to surveying needs at different heights, but also drive the cleaning roller to automatically clean the protective glass of the surveying instrument through the meshing transmission of the rack and pinion and the No. 3 gear during the adjustment process. This effectively removes dust, water mist and stains from the glass surface, ensuring clear imaging of the surveying instrument and reducing surveying errors caused by blurry images from the source. Moreover, the cleaning process does not require manual intervention, thus improving surveying efficiency.

[0016] In this invention, the hub in the flight mechanism can effectively protect the propeller during flight, preventing it from being damaged by collisions with floating objects, birds, etc., thus ensuring flight safety. After the aircraft lands, the hub can be brought into contact with the ground by adjusting the direction of the wings, and the rotation of the propeller can drive the aircraft to move on the ground. This eliminates the need for personnel to go to the landing site for manual recovery, greatly improving the convenience of equipment recovery. It is especially suitable for surveying operations in remote and complex terrain areas.

[0017] In this invention, the buffer mechanism is driven by a No. 4 motor to rotate the rod, engage the gears, and transmit the traction rod. This enables the arc-shaped plate and buffer components to unfold when the aircraft lands, significantly increasing the buffer area. Meanwhile, the buffer components adopt a combination structure of sliding rod, sleeve, and spring. The elastic deformation of the spring can absorb the impact force of landing, providing a double buffering effect. This effectively reduces vibration and collision damage during aircraft landing and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0018] In this invention, the mounting plate cooperates with the No. 2 motor through the rotating rod, which can flexibly adjust the direction of the flight mechanism, so that the flight mechanism can not only meet the power requirements of aerial flight, but also adapt to the attitude requirements of ground movement, further improving the multifunctionality and flexibility of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This invention presents a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a surveying drone and surveying method for reducing surveying errors. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surveying drone and surveying method for reducing surveying errors, proposed by the present invention from another angle; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fuselage of a surveying drone and surveying method for reducing surveying errors proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This invention presents a schematic diagram of the drive components and wing orientation adjustment mechanism of a surveying UAV and surveying method for reducing surveying errors. Figure 5 This invention presents a schematic diagram of the flight mechanism of a surveying drone and surveying method for reducing surveying errors. Figure 6 This invention proposes a surveying drone and surveying method to reduce surveying errors. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 7 This invention presents a schematic diagram of a buffer mechanism for a surveying drone and surveying method that reduces surveying errors. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer mechanism of a surveying drone and surveying method for reducing surveying errors, proposed in this invention, from another angle.

[0020] Legend: 1. Airframe; 2. Wing direction adjustment mechanism; 21. Rotating shaft; 22. Connecting block; 23. Hinge rod; 3. Drive mechanism; 31. Threaded rod; 32. Motor 1; 33. Gear 1; 34. Gear 2; 35. Nut block; 36. Ball bearing 1; 37. Connecting rod; 4. Wing; 41. Ball bearing 2; 5. Mounting plate; 51. Motor 2; 6. Flight mechanism; 61. Motor 3; 62. Propeller; 63. Hub; 7. Lifting mechanism; 8. Surveying instrument ; 81. Rack; 82. Shaft; 83. Gear No. 3; 84. Cleaning roller; 85. Glass; 9. Buffer mechanism; 91. Rotating rod; 92. Gear; 93. Gear No. 4; 94. Gear sleeve; 95. Synchronous pulley; 96. Synchronous belt; 97. Connecting column; 98. Arc plate; 99. Eccentric column; 910. Traction rod; 911. Buffer component; 9111. Buffer pad; 9112. Sleeve; 9113. Slide rod; 9114. Spring; 912. Assembly ring; 10. Motor No. 4. Detailed Implementation

[0021] like Figure 1-7 As shown, a surveying UAV and surveying method for reducing surveying errors are disclosed. The UAV body 1 is internally equipped with a power supply mechanism that provides power to all electrical components of the UAV. Connecting plates are fixedly installed on both sides of the body 1, and rotating holes are provided on the connecting plates. A rotating shaft 21 is rotatably connected to the connecting plates through these rotating holes. The end of the rotating shaft 21 away from the connecting plate is fixedly connected to a connecting block 22. A hinge hole is provided on the end of the connecting block 22 away from the rotating shaft 21. One end of a hinge rod 23 is hinged to the connecting block 22 through the hinge hole. The end of the hinge rod 23 away from the connecting block 22 is fixedly connected to a wing 4. A second ball joint 41 is fixedly installed on the side of the wing 4 away from the hinge rod 23.

[0022] A first motor 32 is mounted on the machine body 1 near the connecting plate. The output shaft of the first motor 32 is fixedly connected to the first gear 33 via a coupling. A bearing seat is provided on the machine body 1 below the first gear 33. A threaded rod 31 is rotatably connected to the machine body 1 via the bearing seat. One end of the threaded rod 31 extends to the first gear 33 and is fixedly connected to a second gear 34. The second gear 34 meshes with the first gear 33. A sliding guide rail is provided on the machine body 1 at the position corresponding to the threaded rod 31. A nut block 35 is slidably connected to the sliding guide rail and is threadedly connected to the threaded rod 31. One end of the nut block 35 is provided with a mounting ear. A first ball shaft 36 is rotatably connected to the mounting ear. One end of a connecting rod 37 is rotatably connected to the first ball shaft 36, and the other end of the connecting rod 37 is rotatably connected to the second ball shaft 41.

[0023] A rotating seat is provided on the wing 4, and a rotating rod is rotatably connected to the rotating seat via bearings. A mounting plate 5 is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating rod. A second motor 51 is mounted on one side of the wing 4 corresponding to the end of the rotating rod. The output shaft of the second motor 51 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotating rod via a coupling. A third motor 61 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 5. The output shaft of the third motor 61 is fixedly connected to the propeller 62 via a coupling. A hub 63 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the shaft on the coupling. The hub 63 has a ring structure that surrounds the propeller 62 inside. The edge of the hub 63 is provided with an anti-slip and wear-resistant layer.

[0024] A mounting frame is fixedly installed in the middle of the body 1, and an electric telescopic rod is fixedly mounted on the mounting frame. The telescopic rod extends downward and is fixedly connected to the top of the surveying instrument 8. A camera is installed at the bottom of the surveying instrument 8, and a glass 85 is installed on the outside of the camera. A through groove is opened on the body 1 corresponding to the position of the surveying instrument 8. The size of the through groove is adapted to the shape of the surveying instrument 8 to ensure that the surveying instrument 8 can smoothly rise and slide within the through groove. A support base is set on one side of the body 1 located in the through groove. The shaft 82 is rotatably connected to the support base through a bearing. A cleaning roller 84 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of the shaft 82. The outer surface of the cleaning roller 84 is covered with a cleaning cotton layer. One end of the shaft 82 extends to the outside of the support base and is fixedly connected to a third gear 83. A rack 81 is fixedly installed vertically on one side of the outer shell of the surveying instrument 8. The rack 81 meshes with the third gear 83, and the length of the rack 81 is sufficient to ensure that the surveying instrument 8 remains meshed with the third gear 83 during the raising and lowering process.

[0025] A mounting base is provided at the bottom of the machine body 1. The No. 4 motor 10 is fixedly mounted on the mounting base. The output shaft of the No. 4 motor 10 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 91 through a coupling. A toothed sleeve ring 94 is fitted on the outer surface of the rotating rod 91. An internal gear ring is provided on the inner wall of the toothed sleeve ring 94. A meshing tooth 92 is provided on the outer surface of the end of the rotating rod 91 located inside the toothed sleeve ring 94. A No. 4 gear 93 is rotatably connected to the rotating rod 91 at the position corresponding to the inside of the toothed sleeve ring 94. The No. 4 gear 93 meshes with the meshing tooth 92 on the rotating rod 91 and the internal gear ring on the inner wall of the toothed sleeve ring 94. A mounting ring 912 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the rotating rod 91 via several connecting posts 97 on the body 1. One end of each connecting post 97 is fixedly connected to the body 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the mounting ring 912. Each connecting post 97 has a hinge seat at one end of the mounting ring 912. One end of the arc plate 98 is rotatably connected to the connecting post 97 via the hinge seat. A buffer 911 is installed at the other end of the arc plate 98. A hinge block is provided at the middle position of each arc plate 98. One end of the traction rod 910 is hinged to the hinge block, and the other end of the traction rod 910 is hinged to the eccentric post 99. The eccentric post 99 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the toothed sleeve ring 94. The buffer component 911 includes a slide rod 9113. One end of the slide rod 9113 is fixedly connected to the arc plate 98. The other end of the slide rod 9113 is slidably fitted with a sleeve 9112. The end of the sleeve 9112 away from the slide rod 9113 is fixedly connected to a buffer pad 9111. The buffer pad 9111 is made of elastic rubber material. A spring 9114 is fitted on the outside of the slide rod 9113. One end of the spring 9114 is fixedly connected to the arc plate 98, and the other end of the spring 9114 is fixedly connected to the buffer pad 9111.

[0026] The surveying instrument 8 has a cavity inside, and a control processor is fixedly installed on the end wall of the cavity by bolts. The control processor has a memory card slot, and the memory card is inserted into the memory card slot. The control processor is connected to the surveying instrument 8 by wires. The control processor integrates an acquisition module, a transmission module, a processing module, and a delivery module. The acquisition module and the processing module establish a signal connection through the transmission module, and the processing module and the delivery module establish a signal connection through the transmission module.

[0027] Working principle: After the power supply mechanism is activated, it provides power to all electrical components of the entire device. It starts motor 61, which drives propeller 62 to rotate, generating lift and propelling the aircraft 1 into flight to different locations for surveying activities. During flight, if the aircraft 1 needs to achieve slow flight or in-flight stop, motor 32 is activated. Motor 32 drives gear 33 to rotate, and gear 34, meshing with gear 33, rotates accordingly, which in turn drives threaded rod 31 to rotate. Nut block 35 slides along threaded rod 31 under the limiting action of sliding guide rail. Nut block 35 drives connecting rod 37 via ball joint 36, and connecting rod 37 pushes wing 4 via ball joint 41. Wing 4 rotates around pivot 21, and simultaneously hinge rod 23 and connecting block 22 rotate at the hinge, causing wing 4 to rotate from a direction parallel to the connecting plate to a vertical direction, changing the flight attitude of aircraft 1 and achieving low-error surveying.

[0028] When dust, stains, or water mist generated during high-altitude flight appear on the surface of the glass 85 of the surveying instrument 8, the electric telescopic rod 71 is activated. The electric telescopic rod 71 drives the surveying instrument 8 to rise and fall within the through groove. The rack 81 on one side of the surveying instrument 8 meshes with the third gear 83, causing the third gear 83 to rotate, which in turn drives the shaft 82 and the cleaning roller 84 to rotate. The cleaning cotton layer on the cleaning roller 84 wipes and cleans the surface of the glass 85. At the same time, the electric telescopic rod 71 can adjust the height of the surveying instrument 8 to adapt to different surveying height requirements.

[0029] When the aircraft 1 lands, motor 10 is activated, which drives the rotating rod 91 to rotate. The gear 92 on the rotating rod 91 drives the gear 93 to rotate. The gear 93 meshes with the internal gear ring on the inner wall of the gear sleeve 94, causing the gear sleeve 94 to rotate on the outer surface of the rotating rod 91. The gear sleeve 94 drives the eccentric column 99 to rotate, and the eccentric column 99 pulls the arc plate 98 through the traction rod 910. The arc plate 98 rotates around the connecting column 97, causing the buffer 911 to unfold and increase the contact area with the ground. During landing, the buffer pad 9111 contacts the ground first, and the sleeve 9112 slides along the slide rod 9113, compressing the spring 9114. The elastic force of the spring 9114 absorbs the impact force during landing, improving the cushioning effect.

[0030] After the aircraft 1 lands, the second motor 51 is started. The second motor 51 drives the rotating rod to rotate, which in turn drives the mounting plate 5 to rotate, adjusting the direction of the flight mechanism 6 so that the hub 63 contacts the ground. The third motor 61 is started again, and the propeller 62 rotates, driving the hub 63 to rotate, thereby moving the aircraft 1 on the ground, making it easier for the staff to recover the aircraft 1.

[0031] During the surveying process, the acquisition module acquires the image data generated by the surveyor 8, and transmits the data to the processing module through the transmission module. The processing module processes the image data, and the processed information is transmitted to the delivery module through the transmission module. The delivery module delivers the processed information data to the storage card for storage, and can also transmit the data to external devices as needed.

Claims

1. A surveying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for reducing surveying errors, comprising a body (1) and a power supply mechanism assembled within the body (1), characterized in that: The fuselage (1) is provided with wing direction adjustment mechanisms (2) on both sides for connecting and adjusting the direction of the wings (4). The fuselage (1) is provided with a drive mechanism (3) for driving the wing direction adjustment mechanism (2) to adjust the direction of the wings (4). The wings (4) are provided with a mounting plate (5). The mounting plate (5) is provided with a flight mechanism (6) for driving the fuselage (1) to fly in the air to conduct surveying activities. The fuselage (1) is provided with a lifting mechanism (7) for driving the surveying instrument (8) to lift and lower and clean the dust and stains on the surveying instrument (8). The bottom of the fuselage (1) is provided with a buffer mechanism (9) for increasing the buffer area when the fuselage (1) lands. The surveying instrument (8) is provided with a cavity. A control processor is installed on the end wall of the cavity. A memory card is inserted into the processor. The control processor is connected to the surveying instrument (8) via a signal. The control processor is equipped with an acquisition module, a transmission module, a processing module, and a delivery module. The acquisition module and the processing module are connected through the transmission module. The processing module and the delivery module are connected through the transmission module. The acquisition module is used to acquire image data generated by the surveying instrument (8). The transmission module is used to transmit the data information acquired by the acquisition module and the information data processed by the processing module. The processing module is used to process the image data information transmitted by the transmission module from the acquisition module. The delivery module is used to deliver the information data transmitted by the transmission module from the processing module after processing.

2. The mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wing direction adjustment mechanism (2) includes a rotating shaft (21). Both sides of the fuselage (1) are provided with connecting plates for rotating and connecting the rotating shaft (21). A connecting block (22) is fixedly connected to the end of the rotating shaft (21) away from the connecting plate. A hinge rod (23) is hinged to the end of the connecting block (22) away from the rotating shaft (21). A wing (4) is fixedly connected to the end of the hinge rod (23) away from the connecting block (22). A second ball bearing (41) is installed on the wing (4).

3. A mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive mechanism (3) includes a first motor (32) and a threaded rod (31). The first motor (32) is mounted on the machine body (1). The output shaft of the first motor (32) is connected to a first gear (33) via a coupling. The threaded rod (31) is rotatably connected to the machine body (1). One end of the threaded rod (31) is fixedly connected to a second gear (34) that meshes with the first gear (33) at the first gear (33). A nut block (35) is slidably connected to the machine body (1). The nut block (35) is also threadedly connected to the threaded rod (31). One end of the nut block (35) is rotatably connected to a first ball shaft (36). A connecting rod (37) is rotatably connected to the first ball shaft (36). The end of the connecting rod (37) away from the first ball shaft (36) is rotatably connected to the second ball shaft (41).

4. A mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting plate (5) is rotatably connected to the wing (4) by means of a rotating rod. A second motor (51) is mounted on one side of the wing (4), and the output shaft of the second motor (51) is connected to the rotating rod by means of a coupling.

5. A mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The flight mechanism (6) includes a third motor (61) mounted on a mounting plate (5). The output shaft of the third motor (61) is connected to a propeller (62) via a coupling. A hub (63) is mounted on the shaft of the coupling and surrounds the propeller (62). The hub (63) is used to protect the propeller (62) from other floating objects and birds during flight.

6. A mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (7) includes an electric telescopic rod (71) and a mounting frame (72). The mounting frame (72) is installed on the body (1), and the electric telescopic rod (71) is installed on the mounting frame (72). The rod of the electric telescopic rod (71) is connected to the top of the surveying instrument (8). The surveying instrument (8) is provided with glass (85) to protect the camera. The body (1) is provided with a through groove for the surveying instrument (8) to slide up and down.

7. A mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 6, characterized in that: A shaft (82) is rotatably connected to one side of the through groove on the machine body (1). A cleaning roller (84) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the shaft (82). A third gear (83) is fixedly connected to one end of the shaft (82). A rack (81) is provided on one side of the outer shell of the surveying instrument (8) and meshes with the third gear (83).

8. A mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 7, characterized in that: The buffer mechanism (9) includes a rotating rod (91). A No. 4 motor (10) is mounted at the bottom of the body (1). The output shaft of the No. 4 motor (10) is connected to the rotating rod (91) via a coupling. A toothed sleeve ring (94) is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod (91). A No. 4 gear (93) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the toothed sleeve ring (94). The outer surface of one end of the rotating rod (91) located inside the toothed sleeve ring (94) is provided with teeth (92) that mesh with the No. 4 gear (93). The No. 4 gear (93) and the toothed sleeve ring... The teeth (92) on (94) are engaged. The body (1) is connected to the outer periphery of the rotating rod (91) by means of several connecting columns (97). Each connecting column (97) is rotatably connected to an arc plate (98) at one end on one side of the assembly ring (912). A buffer (911) is installed on the arc plate (98). A traction rod (910) is hinged on each arc plate (98). The end of the traction rod (910) away from the arc plate (98) is connected to the eccentric column (99).

9. A mapping UAV for reducing mapping errors according to claim 8, characterized in that: The buffer (911) includes a slide rod (9113), on which the slide rod (9113) is mounted. A sleeve (9112) is slidably connected to the outer surface of the slide rod (9113). A buffer pad (9111) is fixedly connected to one end of the sleeve (9112) away from the slide rod (9113). A spring (9114) is sleeved on the slide rod (9113) with its two ends connected to the arc plate (98) and the buffer pad (9111) respectively.

10. A surveying method for reducing surveying errors, based on the surveying UAV for reducing surveying errors described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: step include: Step 1: Start the flight mechanism (6) to fly, thereby increasing the power of the aircraft (1) to fly to different locations for mapping; Step 2: During the flight, the drive mechanism (3) drives the wing direction adjustment mechanism (2) to change the direction of the wing (4), so that when the aircraft (1) is flying at high altitude, it can meet the functions of slow flight and slow stop in the air, thereby realizing low-error mapping. Step 3: During the flight, when dust or water mist appears on the glass (85) of the surveying instrument (8), the lifting mechanism (7) can be activated to remove the dust and impurities from the glass (85) on the surface of the surveying instrument (8); at the same time, the lifting mechanism (7) moves to adjust the height of the surveying instrument (8), which is convenient for adjusting the height position of the surveying. Step 4; When the aircraft (1) lands, the buffer mechanism (9) increases the buffer area with the ground to improve the buffering effect; Step 5: When the aircraft (1) lands and is recovered, adjust the direction of the wings (4) again to cooperate with the No. 2 motor (51) so that the hub (63) outside the propeller (62) can be used to move on the ground, making it convenient for personnel to recover the aircraft (1). Step 7: Finally, the power supply mechanism can be used to power the entire device.

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