A control system and method for instantaneous shutdown of an offloading well upon loss of load

Abstract

This invention discloses a control system and method for instantaneous shutdown of oil wells due to load failure. The control system includes a monitoring and early warning system, which comprises a level detection sensor module and an early warning and emergency response module. The monitoring and early warning system detects the mechanical operating status of the oil pumping unit through the level detection sensor module and performs analysis and early warning. The early warning and emergency response module is connected to the oil pumping unit control system to automatically cut off the power supply when a danger signal is detected. The monitoring and alarm system of this invention has the predictive function of advanced detection, early discovery, and early treatment. By using the level detection sensor module to detect oil well faults in oil fields, it can accurately perceive the technical condition of the wellhead, polished rod, suspension rope, and suspension device under various weather conditions, detect potential faults early, and prevent problems before they occur.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil extraction technology, specifically to a control system and method for instantaneous shutdown of an oil well in the event of loss of load. Background Technology

[0002] The polished rod, suspension rope, and flexible suspension rope system of a pumping unit well serve as a bridge connecting the surface pumping unit to the downhole rod, pump, and tubing, and are key component connection systems. Due to their long-term reciprocating motion in the field and well, various faults frequently occur, such as polished rod jamming, polished rod breakage, polished rod clamping, slow descent or disengagement of the polished rod, and suspension rope breakage. Relying on periodic inspections and manual monitoring makes it difficult to detect these faults in real time, posing significant safety hazards and efficiency issues. To address this, automated monitoring and alarm systems, overload protection, and electronic inspections have been implemented. However, when these faults occur, the well cannot be shut down quickly enough, leading to a domino effect of escalating failures. According to statistics, current control methods mainly rely on the current overload protection of the pumping unit motor. However, sometimes when a fault occurs, the current protector is not sensitive or malfunctions, the monitoring system does not alarm or alarms delayed, and the pumping unit motor continues to operate, with some pumping wells continuing to run for as long as one hour.

[0003] When a well experiences problems such as polished rod jamming, polished rod breakage, polished rod clamping, slow descent or disengagement of the polished rod, or broken hoisting rope, and the hazard is not detected in advance or the protection system fails, the pumping unit continues to operate, causing the following hazards: (1) the pumping unit's braid comes off, bending the polished rod, or even causing a blowout; (2) the pumping unit becomes unbalanced due to unloading, causing the motor to burn out or the belt to break; (3) the belt conveyor jamming in the well causes the belt to be lifted by the polished rod and square clamp, causing the belt to get tangled on the drum; (4) the belt conveyor becomes unbalanced due to unloading. The load caused the balance box to lose weight, and the balance box accelerated and fell, damaging the machine body. At the same time, the motor belt was burned out due to slippage; (5) The polished rod clamp caused a serious piston collision with the pump, which caused damage to the downhole equipment and caused the well to collapse; (6) When the polished rod jammed, slowly descended, or the upper part of the sucker rod disengaged, the polished rod stopped at the top dead center. Due to the inflexibility of the control box and the motor overcurrent protection, the donkey head hit the polished rod during the continuous operation of the pumping unit, causing the pumping unit suspension rope device to hit the load sensor, the belt to break, and the motor to burn out. According to statistics, this happens more than 10 times a year in the oil production plant, resulting in the shutdown of the pumping well; (7) The pumping well stopped due to load and could not be started. It was often misjudged as a downhole cause, so the polished rod was moved and the well was flushed, but it still could not be started. It was time-consuming and laborious, and extended the threaded well shutdown time. According to the survey, this misjudgment occurred about 8 times a year.

[0004] Publication No. CN118707476A discloses a method and system for precise detection of the operating status of an oil pumping unit based on millimeter-wave radar, including: transmitting a millimeter-wave signal toward a target monitoring point; acquiring a first echo signal; filtering the first echo signal to obtain a second echo signal; calculating the Doppler frequency offset based on the second echo signal of the target monitoring point; calculating the velocity v1 and radial distance d1 of the target monitoring point based on the Doppler frequency offset; determining the angle of arrival θ based on the phase difference of the second echo signal; and determining the coordinates (x, y, d1) of the target monitoring point based on the angle of arrival θ and the radial distance d1. i ,y i ).

[0005] The patent uses radar sensors to detect the operating status of the pumping unit, but does not use radar sensors for early warning and shutdown of the pumping unit.

[0006] Publication No. CN221322656U discloses an oil pump with controllable operating time and an oil pump control circuit. The pump includes an oil pump power supply circuit for supplying power to the oil pump motor. The main contacts of an AC contactor are connected in series in the oil pump power supply circuit. The control coil of the AC contactor is connected in series with the normally open contacts of a time controller to form a time control circuit. The oil pump is used to extract crude oil from an oil collection tank. The purpose of this utility model is to provide an oil pump with controllable operating time and an oil pump control circuit.

[0007] This existing technology uses radar sensors to detect liquid levels, which is different from this patent.

[0008] Announcement No. CN108825176B discloses a method and control system for automatically controlling the downhole blowout preventer safety valve pump of an offshore pumping unit. The pumping unit is installed with a counterweight whose weight is less than the weight of the sucker rod, so that the gravity requirement for the sucker rod to slide down automatically is met when the unit stops. When the unit stops automatically or is powered off, the pumping unit is in a brakeless control state, and the downhole blowout preventer safety valve pump is started by the gravity of the sucker rod.

[0009] This existing technology provides early warnings based on torque changes, which differs from this patent.

[0010] In summary, the technical solutions, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the above-disclosed technologies are all different from those of the present invention. Regarding the more technical features, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the above-disclosed technical documents do not provide any technical inspiration. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a control system and method for instantaneous shutdown of oil wells in case of loss of load.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] On one hand, the present invention provides a control system for instantaneous shutdown of a pumping well due to loss of load, including a monitoring and early warning system. The monitoring and early warning system includes a level detection sensor module and an early warning and emergency response module. The monitoring and early warning system detects the mechanical working status of the pumping unit through the level detection sensor module and performs analysis and early warning. The early warning and emergency response module is connected to the pumping unit control system to automatically cut off the power supply when a danger signal is detected.

[0014] Furthermore, the monitoring and early warning system includes a level detection sensor module, a fault monitoring sensor module, an automatic monitoring module, a data processing and analysis module, a level detection fault judgment module, and an early warning and emergency response module connected in sequence.

[0015] Specifically, the automatic monitoring module detects the electrical parameters of the oil pumping unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the level detection sensor module is a millimeter-wave radar technology implementation module; the level detection fault judgment module is a millimeter-wave radar fault judgment module.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a power failure system for off-load operation;

[0018] Specifically, the power failure system includes a suspension cable load monitoring module, a load signal acquisition and transmission module, a load signal receiving module, and a power control module connected in sequence.

[0019] Furthermore, the load signal acquisition and transmission module includes a signal acquisition module and a signal transmission module. The signal acquisition module receives data from the suspension cable load monitoring module, and the signal transmission module transmits the data from the suspension cable load monitoring module.

[0020] Furthermore, the load signal receiving module includes a signal receiver and a demodulator. The signal transmitting module transmits data to the signal receiver wirelessly, and the demodulator demodulates the signal and sends it to the power control module.

[0021] Furthermore, the power control module includes a time controller, a switching power supply, an AC contactor, an intermediate relay, and a leakage current protector;

[0022] Specifically, the well stop signal from the load signal receiving module is sequentially transmitted to the intermediate relay, AC contactor, and time control module to control the coil of the power frequency or variable frequency AC contactor of the pumping unit motor, thereby disconnecting the power supply and stopping the machine.

[0023] Furthermore, it also includes an overload protection system;

[0024] Specifically, the overload detection and protection system includes a three-phase input clamp of a switching device, a current and voltage riser, a fabricated three-phase detection line, and a multi-functional energy meter overload protection detection connected in sequence.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for controlling instantaneous shutdown of an oil well in the event of loss of load, comprising the following steps:

[0026] A1. The level detection sensor module monitors the mechanical operation of the pumping unit throughout the entire process; and sets the data baseline of the level detection sensor module during normal operation.

[0027] The automatic monitoring module monitors the electrical parameters of the equipment in real time;

[0028] A2. By combining the mechanical displacement data of the level detection sensor module and the electrical parameters of the automatic monitoring module, a comprehensive judgment of multiple parameters is achieved. When an abnormality occurs, an alarm message is generated, and when a fault requiring shutdown occurs, the pumping unit is shut down.

[0029] Furthermore, the mechanical operating conditions of the pumping unit include the polished rod, suspension rope, and suspension device; the electrical parameters include load, current, and voltage.

[0030] Faults requiring automatic shutdown include:

[0031] Slow descent of the light pole: By comparing the speed of the light pole movement with a preset normal speed threshold, if the speed is continuously lower than the normal range, it is determined that the light pole is slow descent;

[0032] Broken light rod: By monitoring the position and vibration mode of the light rod, abrupt changes in position or abnormal vibration frequency are detected, indicating that the light rod has broken.

[0033] Suspension rope breakage: By monitoring the load changes of the suspension rope, a sudden decrease in load is judged as suspension rope breakage.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] 1. The monitoring and alarm system of this invention has the predictive function of advanced detection, early discovery, and early intervention. Utilizing 4D millimeter-wave radar technology to detect faults in oilfield pumping wells, it can accurately perceive the technical condition of the wellhead, polished rod, suspension rope, and suspension device under various weather conditions, detecting potential faults early and preventing them from occurring. Simultaneously, it establishes a combined early warning model by automatically monitoring parameters such as load, current, and voltage, and providing fault warnings.

[0036] 2. The overload power-off system of the present invention has control functions such as instantaneous detection of pumping unit overload, rapid transmission of fault signals, and rapid activation of the well shutdown mechanism. When faults such as polished rod jamming, polished rod breakage, polished rod clamping, slow descent or disengagement of polished rod, or breakage of the hoisting rope occur, the overload protection is flexible, instantly cuts off power and alarms, and the pumping unit immediately stops operating to avoid the expansion of fault losses.

[0037] 3. The overload protection system of this invention has the function of verifying whether the overload protection setting of the multi-functional energy meter is effective and the power outage protection for abnormal motor load current. Using the configured current and voltage riser, the system periodically and irregularly verifies whether the current protection value set by the multi-functional energy meter is reasonable, flexible, and effective, ensuring that the overload protection of the multi-functional energy meter is in normal working order.

[0038] 4. This invention provides a basis for the early detection and handling of potential faults in wellheads, polished rods, lifting ropes and suspension devices, and sucker rod heads, enabling early detection and early treatment. When a pumping well experiences faults such as polished rod jamming or slow descent, polished rod breakage, lifting rope breakage, or upper part of the sucker rod breaking off, power should be immediately cut off and the machine stopped to avoid major equipment failures or blowouts.

[0039] 5. The fault detection time of this invention is shortened from 51 min (3060 s) to less than 2.6 s, which solves the problem of delayed monitoring, forecasting and early warning of pumping unit suspension point failure, and avoids the occurrence of faults and the expansion of losses.

[0040] 6. This invention uses a current and voltage riser to test the overload protection performance of a multi-functional energy meter, ensuring that if the motor load current exceeds the set range, the power is immediately cut off to protect the motor and prevent the occurrence of larger faults.

[0041] 7. This invention, when the pumping unit load and motor current alarms are delayed, uses a combination of parameter models for alarms and continuous detection and early warning by millimeter-wave radar, which can shorten the pumping unit's continued operation time and reduce concurrent failures. This invention has a simple structure, is safe and reliable, has low manufacturing costs, and a service life of over 5 years. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring and early warning system in this invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the unloaded power failure system in this invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overload detection and protection system in this invention.

[0045] In the diagram: Monitoring and early warning system S1, 4D millimeter-wave radar technology implementation steps module S1-1, fault monitoring sensor module S1-2, automatic monitoring module S1-3, data processing and analysis module S1-4, 4D millimeter-wave radar fault judgment module S1-5, early warning and emergency response module S1-6;

[0046] S2, S2-1, S2-2, S2-3, S2-4; Power control module;

[0047] Overload protection system S3, three-phase input clamp of switch device S3-1, current and voltage riser S3-2, fabricated three-phase detection line S3-3, and multi-function energy meter overload protection detection S3-4. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1:

[0050] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This embodiment provides a pumping well instantaneous shutdown control system for overload, including a monitoring and early warning system S1, an overload power failure system S2, and an overload detection and protection system S3. The systems are interconnected and integrate advanced detection, overload protection, and power failure alarm.

[0051] Furthermore, the monitoring and early warning system S1 includes, in sequence, a 4D millimeter-wave radar technology implementation module S1-1, a fault monitoring sensor module S1-2, an automatic monitoring module S1-3, a data processing and analysis module S1-4, a 4D millimeter-wave radar fault judgment module S1-5, and an early warning and emergency response module S1-6.

[0052] The 4D millimeter-wave radar technology implementation module S1-1 monitors the wellhead, polished rod, hoisting rope, and suspension device throughout the entire process. 4D millimeter-wave radar technology is an advanced radio detection technology that uses millimeter-wave electromagnetic waves to detect targets, providing three-dimensional data (distance, velocity, altitude) and dynamic information. The principle of detecting pumping unit faults involves transmitting signals to the pumping unit using millimeter-wave electromagnetic waves and receiving the reflected signals. By measuring the time difference, frequency difference, and phase difference of the reflected signals, parameters such as displacement, velocity, acceleration, and altitude of key pumping unit components are calculated. Analysis of these parameters determines whether there are any abnormalities or faults in the pumping unit. Millimeter-wave radar enables non-contact measurement of target objects, thereby reducing faults or false alarms caused by contact sensors. The millimeter-wave radar sensor calculates the distance based on the time difference (time-of-flight) between the transmitted and reflected signals, used to detect component position and velocity.

[0053] The 4D millimeter-wave radar technology implementation module S1-1 utilizes millimeter-wave radar technology to effectively monitor faults in key components of the pumping unit, enabling timely preventative measures to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the oilfield. The millimeter-wave radar sensors in module S1-1 are deployed at key locations in the pumping well, such as the polished rod and suspension cable connection points. A millimeter-wave radar sensor is a sensor that uses millimeter waves for detection and ranging. It detects the distance, speed, and orientation of target objects by emitting millimeter-wave signals and receiving their echoes. A baseline for the millimeter-wave radar sensor data during normal operation is established. Real-time monitoring of equipment operating data is performed and compared with the baseline data. Once an abnormal change in data is detected, algorithms are immediately used to analyze and confirm the fault type. Alarm information is generated, and predetermined emergency measures, such as automatic shutdown, are implemented.

[0054] The fault monitoring sensor module S1-2 utilizes 4D millimeter-wave radar technology to implement the step module S1-1 in monitoring key components of the pumping unit, such as the movement status of the polished rod, suspension rope, and hoisting rope. 4D millimeter-wave technology detects minute displacements and velocity changes in the equipment, achieving high-precision displacement monitoring. 4D millimeter-wave radar technology possesses high-frequency characteristics and excellent resolution, enabling the detection of minute changes in key components of the pumping unit.

[0055] The automatic monitoring module S1-3 monitors the equipment's load, current, voltage, and other operating parameters in real time, recording any abnormal changes. Combining mechanical displacement data and electrical parameters, it applies artificial intelligence algorithms for fault analysis, achieving comprehensive multi-parameter judgment.

[0056] The data processing and analysis module S1-4 employs advanced algorithms to comprehensively analyze data from the radar and monitoring modules and determine whether a fault exists. A closed-loop control system is constructed to process fault signals in real time and issue early warnings.

[0057] The 4D millimeter-wave radar fault detection module S1-5 determines the fault type. The specific methods for the 4D millimeter-wave radar fault detection module S1-5 to determine faults such as slow descent of the sucker rod, breakage of the sucker rod, and breakage of the suspension rope include the following steps:

[0058] P1. Deploy millimeter-wave radar sensors: Install 4D millimeter-wave radar technology implementation module S1-1 at key parts of the pumping unit, which typically include the wellhead, polished rod, suspension rope, and pumping head.

[0059] P2. Baseline data collection: During normal operation of the pumping unit, collect motion data of each component, such as position, velocity, and acceleration, as a baseline for subsequent fault detection.

[0060] P3. Real-time monitoring and data acquisition: Module S1-1 of the 4D millimeter-wave radar technology implementation steps continuously monitors and records real-time data of the wellhead, the polished rod of the pumping unit, the suspension rope, and the donkey head.

[0061] P4. Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition: The data processing and analysis module S1-4 uses signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms to analyze the differences between real-time data and baseline data. With the help of machine learning models, the system can learn data patterns under both fault-free and fault-free conditions.

[0062] P5. Fault diagnosis logic:

[0063] Slow descent of the light pole: By comparing the speed of the light pole movement with a preset normal speed threshold, if the speed is detected to be continuously lower than the normal range, it is determined that the light pole is slow descent.

[0064] Broken light rod: By monitoring the position and vibration mode of the light rod, abrupt changes in position or abnormal vibration frequency can be detected, indicating that the light rod may have broken.

[0065] Suspension rope breakage: The suspension rope can be identified by monitoring the load changes on it. A sudden decrease in load usually indicates that the suspension rope has broken.

[0066] Early warning and emergency response: Once the system detects a fault through the above logic, it will immediately issue an early warning signal and automatically trigger emergency shutdown measures to prevent the fault from causing further losses.

[0067] The early warning and emergency response module S1-6, upon detecting an anomaly, immediately issues an early warning signal and initiates an emergency shutdown procedure to prevent malfunctions. Connected to the pumping unit control system, the S1-6 automatically cuts off power and stops equipment operation upon detecting a danger signal, achieving automatic emergency shutdown. Because millimeter-wave radar provides a continuous data stream, machine learning algorithms are used to analyze and compare data patterns during normal equipment operation with the current operating status, thereby identifying potential equipment malfunctions.

[0068] Furthermore, the power failure system S2 includes a suspension cable load monitoring module S2-1, a load signal acquisition and transmission module S2-2, a load signal receiving module S2-3, and a power control module S2-4 connected in sequence. The power failure system S2 is connected to a 220V external power supply, and its operation is controlled by an antenna transceiver module.

[0069] The suspension cable load monitoring module S2-1 utilizes a controllable solenoid valve to quickly install and fix the acquisition module, positioning it against one side of the suspension cable. When the suspension cable detaches from the square clamp on the guide rod, the suspension cable load monitoring module S2-1 issues an overload signal, which then cuts off the power supply via the overload power-off system S2, stopping the machine.

[0070] The load signal acquisition and transmission module S2-2 consists of a signal acquisition module and a signal transmission module. In the event of a fault, the signal acquisition module acquires the signal, converts it into an electrical signal, and then the signal transmission module quickly transmits the well stop signal within a very short time.

[0071] The load signal receiving module S2-3 includes a signal receiver and a demodulator, and the signal transmitting module transmits the signal to the signal receiver wirelessly.

[0072] The power control module S2-4 includes a time controller, a switching power supply, an AC contactor, an intermediate relay, and a leakage current protector. The load signal receiving module S2-3 transmits the well stop signal sequentially to the intermediate relay, the AC contactor, and the time control module to control the coil of the power frequency or variable frequency AC contactor of the pumping unit motor, thereby disconnecting the power supply and stopping the machine.

[0073] Furthermore, the overload detection and protection system S3 includes a three-phase input clamp S3-1 of a switching device, a current and voltage riser S3-2, a fabricated three-phase detection line S3-3, and a multi-function energy meter overload protection detection S3-4 connected in sequence. The overload detection system S3 is used when, after a fault occurs, the pumping unit's drive causes an abnormal load on the motor, resulting in the current exceeding the rated current and causing the unit to shut down.

[0074] Among them, the switching device in the three-phase input clamp S3-1 is connected to the current and voltage riser S3-2 through the three-phase input clamp to provide power to it.

[0075] The current-voltage riser configured in configuration S3-2 is connected to the device switch contacts via a three-phase input clamp. The current-voltage riser is an instrument that measures or regulates voltage rise and fall in a circuit, while simultaneously measuring current and voltage. Voltage rise and fall refers to the increase or decrease of voltage in a circuit, achieved through components such as transformers, inductors, and capacitors.

[0076] Among them, the current and voltage riser S3-2 is connected to the contact of the multi-function energy meter via the fabricated three-phase detection line S3-3 using a wire clamp.

[0077] The overload protection detection S3-4 of the multi-function energy meter involves connecting a three-phase detection line S3-3 at the input point of the multi-function energy meter using clips. This directly tests the three-phase input current and three-phase input voltage. The alarm light is activated by connecting the three output protection lines of the alarm light. When the overload protection function of the multi-function energy meter is sensitive and effective, if the motor load current becomes abnormal and exceeds the rated or set current, the power supply will be cut off and the motor will stop. If the sensitivity and effectiveness of the overload protection function of the multi-function energy meter are uncertain, it should be checked periodically or irregularly to reduce the risk of overload protection failure.

[0078] Example 2:

[0079] Based on Example 1, this example provides a method for using a pumping well instantaneous shutdown control system in the event of a loss of load, including the following steps:

[0080] A1. Millimeter-wave radar technology implementation module S-1 monitors the operation of the wellhead, polished rod, hoisting rope, and suspension device throughout the entire process;

[0081] Set the baseline for millimeter-wave radar sensor data during normal operation;

[0082] The automatic monitoring module monitors the equipment's load, current, voltage, and other operating parameters in real time.

[0083] A2. Combining the mechanical displacement data of the implementation module S-1 with the electrical parameters of the automatic monitoring module using millimeter-wave radar technology, multi-parameter comprehensive judgment is achieved. When an abnormality occurs, alarm information is generated. When a fault requiring shutdown occurs, the pumping unit control system is shut down.

[0084] The following faults require automatic shutdown:

[0085] Slow descent of the light pole: By comparing the speed of the light pole movement with a preset normal speed threshold, if the speed is continuously lower than the normal range, it is determined that the light pole is slow descent;

[0086] Broken optical rod: By monitoring the position and vibration mode of the optical rod, abrupt changes in position or abnormal vibration frequency can be detected, indicating that the optical rod may have broken.

[0087] Suspension rope breakage: By monitoring the load changes of the suspension rope, a sudden drop in load usually indicates suspension rope breakage;

[0088] Once the system detects a fault using the above logic, it will immediately issue a warning signal and automatically trigger emergency shutdown measures to stop the pumping unit control system and prevent further losses caused by the fault.

[0089] A3. The underload power failure system S2 detects the disconnection of the suspension rope from the load sensor and the upper polished rod square clamp through the suspension rope load monitoring module S2-1 and sends an underload signal. The power control module S2-4 controls the coil of the power frequency or variable frequency AC contactor of the pumping unit motor to disconnect the power and stop the machine.

[0090] The monitoring and early warning system S1 and the loss-of-load power-off system S2 work together to cut off power in case of loss of load, reducing the detection lag time of the pumping unit suspension point loss of load from 51 minutes (3060 seconds) to less than 2.6 seconds. Meanwhile, significant benefits were achieved that year: 74,000 yuan was invested in research, reducing losses by 500,000 yuan due to rod jamming or slow descent, rod breakage, rod braid breakage, or upper rod breakage, resulting in a total annual benefit of 426,000 yuan. When rod jamming or slow descent, rod breakage, rod braid breakage, or upper rod breakage occurs, power can be quickly cut off and the unit shut down, preventing major equipment failures and blowouts.

[0091] Example 3:

[0092] The control box of a pumping unit well is a crucial piece of equipment for oil well power distribution, and the motor overload protection function is integrated into the multi-function energy meter. According to incomplete statistics, each year, pumping unit wells experience thousands of motor burnouts, as well as damage to distribution boxes, cables, and transformers due to motor overload current, short circuits, and phase loss, resulting in significant economic losses and severely impacting normal oil well production. Analysis shows that the main cause of these failures is the malfunction of the multi-function energy meter's overload protection, with the protection linkage failing to operate and the overload alarm being delayed. Therefore, an overload testing and protection system S3 was established to test the overload protection of the multi-function energy meter. The testing method is as follows:

[0093] B 1: The switching device is connected to the current and voltage riser S3-2 via a three-phase input clamp to provide power to it.

[0094] B2: The configured current and voltage riser is connected to the device switch contacts via a three-phase input clamp.

[0095] B3: The current and voltage riser S3-2 is connected to the multi-function energy meter contact via the fabricated three-phase detection line S3-3 using a clamp.

[0096] B4: Connect the three-phase input current and three-phase input voltage directly at the input point of the multi-function energy meter using a clip. The alarm light will then be activated by connecting the three output protection lines of the alarm light.

[0097] All components not discussed in detail in this application, as well as the connection methods of these components, are well-known technologies in this field. They can be directly applied and will not be elaborated further.

[0098] In this invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0099] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0100] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0101] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control system for the instant shutdown of a sucker rod pumping well in the event of unloading, comprising a monitoring and warning system, characterized in that, The monitoring and early warning system includes a level detection sensor module and an early warning and emergency response module. The monitoring and early warning system detects the mechanical working status of the pumping unit through a level detection sensor module and performs analysis and early warning; the early warning and emergency response module is connected to the pumping unit control system to automatically cut off the power supply when a danger signal is detected.

2. A load shed transient shutdown control system for a pumping well as defined in claim 1 wherein, The monitoring and early warning system includes a level detection sensor module, a fault monitoring sensor module, an automatic monitoring module, a data processing and analysis module, a level detection fault judgment module, and an early warning and emergency response module connected in sequence. The automatic monitoring module detects the electrical parameters of the oil pumping unit.

3. A load shed transient shutdown control system for a pumping well as defined in claim 2 wherein, The level detection sensor module is a millimeter-wave radar technology implementation module; the level detection fault judgment module is a millimeter-wave radar fault judgment module.

4. The unloading transient shutdown control system for a pumping well of claim 1 wherein, It also includes a power failure system for off-load operation; The power failure system includes a suspension cable load monitoring module, a load signal acquisition and transmission module, a load signal receiving module, and a power control module connected in sequence.

5. A load-off transient shutdown control system for a pumping well as defined in claim 4 wherein, The load signal acquisition and transmission module includes a signal acquisition module and a signal transmission module. The signal acquisition module receives data from the suspension cable load monitoring module, and the signal transmission module transmits the data from the suspension cable load monitoring module.

6. A load-off transient shutdown control system for a pumping well as defined in claim 5 wherein, The load signal receiving module includes a signal receiver and a demodulator. The signal transmitting module transmits data to the signal receiver wirelessly, and the demodulator demodulates the signal and sends it to the power control module.

7. A load-off transient shutdown control system for a pumping well as defined in claim 6 wherein, The power control module includes a time controller, a switching power supply, an AC contactor, an intermediate relay, and a leakage current protector. The well stop signal from the load signal receiving module is sequentially transmitted to the intermediate relay, AC contactor, and time control module to control the coil of the power frequency or variable frequency AC contactor of the pumping unit motor, thereby disconnecting the power supply and stopping the machine.

8. A load shed transient shutdown control system for a pumping well as defined in claim 1 wherein, It also includes an overload protection system; The overload detection and protection system includes a three-phase input clamp of a switching device, a current and voltage riser, a fabricated three-phase detection line, and a multi-functional energy meter overload protection detection connected in sequence.

9. A method for controlling the unloading moment of a pumping well, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A1. The level detection sensor module monitors the mechanical operation of the pumping unit throughout the entire process; and sets the data baseline of the level detection sensor module during normal operation. The automatic monitoring module monitors the electrical parameters of the equipment in real time; A2. By combining the mechanical displacement data of the level detection sensor module and the electrical parameters of the automatic monitoring module, a comprehensive judgment of multiple parameters is achieved. When an abnormality occurs, an alarm message is generated, and when a fault requiring shutdown occurs, the pumping unit is shut down.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein, The mechanical operating conditions of the oil pumping unit include the polished rod, suspension rope, and suspension device; Electrical parameters include load, current, and voltage; Faults requiring automatic shutdown include: Slow descent of the light pole: By comparing the speed of the light pole movement with a preset normal speed threshold, if the speed is continuously lower than the normal range, it is determined that the light pole is slow descent; Broken light rod: By monitoring the position and vibration mode of the light rod, abrupt changes in position or abnormal vibration frequency are detected, indicating that the light rod has broken. Suspension rope breakage: By monitoring the load changes of the suspension rope, a sudden decrease in load is judged as suspension rope breakage.

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