Industrial Internet Experimental Platform, Experimental Methods and Devices

Abstract

This invention discloses an industrial internet experimental platform, experimental method, and apparatus, relating to the field of communication technology. The industrial internet experimental platform includes an experimental platform client and an experimental platform server, as well as an optional RAN platform. The experimental platform client is used to access the experimental platform server, or simultaneously access both the experimental platform server and the RAN platform. The experimental platform server is used to deploy experimental-related software and resources. The RAN platform includes a radio frequency module and a processor module, wherein the processor module includes at least one of a general-purpose processor module and a graphics processor module. The processor module includes at least one of the core network, base station, and user terminal of the OAI system. This application effectively solves the problems of outdated content, high cost of experimental equipment, technological lag, and insufficient innovative practice in traditional communication experimental teaching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to an industrial internet experimental platform, experimental method, and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, "5G + Industrial Internet" has received widespread attention from related industries. Against this backdrop, how to cultivate highly skilled personnel to better serve the economic and industrial development needs of the "5G + Industrial Internet" industry is a question worth considering. Cultivating well-rounded industrial internet talents with solid theoretical foundations, strong engineering skills, and outstanding innovative thinking, and creating outstanding engineers who "possess outstanding technological innovation capabilities and are adept at solving complex engineering problems," has become a fundamental guarantee for achieving self-reliance in mobile communication technology.

[0003] In the context of the new engineering education, communication experiment teaching has evolved from an auxiliary means of verifying theories to a core vehicle for cultivating engineering practice abilities, and is an essential path to achieving the three-dimensional educational goals of knowledge construction, ability enhancement, and value shaping. With the rapid development of industrial internet technology and the profound reform of engineering education paradigms, current communication experiment teaching generally suffers from problems such as mismatch with actual needs, disconnect from industrial development, and insufficient innovative practice. These problems are prominently reflected in both the teaching platform and the teaching content.

[0004] In conclusion, existing communication experimental teaching platforms are ill-suited to the rapid development of industrial internet technology and the actual needs of engineering education paradigms. Comprehensive optimization and innovation are imperative. This is because the problems of monotonous content design, disconnect between industry and education, and slow scientific and educational transformation in communication experimental teaching are urgent issues that need to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an industrial internet experimental platform, experimental method, and apparatus, which can effectively solve the problems of outdated content, high cost of experimental equipment, technological lag, and insufficient innovative practice in traditional communication experimental teaching.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an industrial internet experimental platform, which includes an experimental platform client and an experimental platform server, as well as an optional RAN platform; The experimental platform client is used to access the experimental platform server, or to access both the experimental platform server and the RAN platform simultaneously. The experimental platform server is used for deploying experimental-related software and resources; The RAN platform includes a radio frequency module and a processor module, and the processor module includes at least one of a general-purpose processor module and a graphics processor module. The processor module includes at least one of the core network, base station, and user terminal of the OAI system, and the radio frequency module includes an FPGA module, a digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module, and a radio frequency terminal.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, For the radio frequency module, when transmitting signals, the FPGA module sends the digital signal to the radio frequency end after passing through the digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module, and the radio frequency end transmits it outward in the form of radio waves; For the radio frequency (RF) module, when receiving signals, the RF end sends the received radio signals to the FPGA module for digital signal processing after passing through the digital-to-analog (DAC) / analog-to-digital (ADC) module.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in one implementation method, When conducting virtual simulation experiments, the experimental platform client connects to the experimental platform server. The experimental platform server receives the experimental request from the experimental platform client, calls the experimental computing software module through a pre-deployed WEB service to perform experimental processing, and returns the experimental results to the experimental platform client. During online reality experiments, the experimental platform client connects to the experimental platform server and the RAN platform. The experimental platform server receives the experimental request from the experimental platform client, sends the experimental input data and parameters to the WEB service of the online experimental device, and the WEB service sends the experimental input data and parameters to the hardware device for processing and returns the experimental results to the experimental platform client. During online reality experiments, the WEB service is deployed in the RAN platform.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides an OAI physical layer processing experimental method based on the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform. The OAI physical layer processing experimental method includes a user terminal sending process and a base station receiving process. The user terminal transmission process includes, in sequence, CRC addition, code block segmentation, LDPC encoding, rate matching, code block concatenation, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, transmission precoding, precoding, generating pilot data, generating frequency domain data, and generating time domain data. The base station receiving process includes, in sequence, time-domain data to frequency-domain data conversion, resource mapping, channel estimation, channel equalization, precoding, transmission precoding, layer mapping, demodulation, descrambling, decoded block concatenation, rate matching, LDPC, and CRC check.

[0010] In conjunction with the second aspect, in one embodiment, the OAI physical layer processing experimental method further includes: The OAI base station running on the experimental platform server and the OAI terminal running on the experimental platform client are connected through rfsimulator. rfsimulator adopts noSI mode and only performs access network simulation verification to conduct OAI physical layer processing experiments.

[0011] Thirdly, this application provides a semantic communication-enabled OAI physical layer AMC experimental method, based on the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform. The semantic communication-enabled OAI physical layer AMC experimental method includes: Connect the experimental platform server and a RAN platform to realize the function of OAI base station, and connect the experimental platform client and another RAN platform to realize the function of OAI terminal; The OAI terminal measures CSI-RS or PDSCH DMRS to obtain the transmission error probability information of MCS; The OAI terminal uses the error transmission probability information of the acquired MCS as the information source and sends the information source to the OAI base station using the source-channel joint coding method. The OAI base station receives the information source and performs joint decoding of the information source and channel to obtain the transmission error probability information of the MCS, thereby confirming the MCS of the OAI terminal. The OAI terminal receives PDSCH data based on the determined MCS, feeds back HARQ and CQI information to the OAI base station, and saves the process data.

[0012] Fourthly, this application provides an NTN time-frequency synchronization experimental method, based on the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform. The NTN time-frequency synchronization experimental method includes: Connect the RAN platform and the experimental platform server to realize the function of the NTN base station, and connect the experimental platform client to the network where the RAN platform and the experimental platform server are located; Configure system messages in the RAN platform to broadcast ephemeris information of the local and neighboring satellites in the RAN platform; The NTN terminal uses its own position information obtained from GNSS measurements and ephemeris information obtained from receiving system messages broadcast by the satellite to enable the user terminal to calculate the distance and relative speed between the user terminal and the satellite. The NTN terminal calculates the frequency offset value used to pre-compensate for Doppler frequency shift and the timing advance used to pre-compensate for transmission delay; After completing time-frequency offset pre-compensation, the NTN terminal accesses the RAN platform and saves the random access process data.

[0013] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide an industrial internet experimental device for connecting to the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, the industrial internet experimental device comprising: An energy harvesting module, used to extract energy from the environment; The active communication module is used to implement the communication functions of the RAN platform, including receiving downlink control signals and feeding back uplink information and uplink signals; The industrial internet experimental device is an Internet of Things (IoT) device, which includes at least one of passive electronic tags and passive sensors.

[0014] Sixthly, embodiments of this application provide an industrial internet experimental device, applied to the experimental platform server of the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, the industrial internet experimental device comprising: The first receiving module is used to receive experimental permission request commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem. The first experimental module is used to implement at least one of the experimental management subsystem, the RAN platform software subsystem, and the course experimental subsystem. The first sending module is used to send experimental permission acceptance commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem.

[0015] Seventhly, embodiments of this application provide an industrial internet experimental device, applied to the experimental platform client of the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, the industrial internet experimental device comprising: The second sending module is used to send experimental permission request commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem. The second experimental module is used to enable at least one of the following: selecting experimental courses, experimental projects, completing experiments online, viewing experimental manuals, filling in experimental reports online, downloading experimental report templates, and uploading experimental reports. The second receiving module is used to receive experimental permission acceptance commands, experimental process data from the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data from the course experimental subsystem.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in this application include: By constructing an industrial internet environment, this application provides students with a platform to conduct practical and innovative activities in the context of mobile communication networks, effectively solving problems such as outdated content, high cost of experimental equipment, technological lag, and insufficient innovative practice in traditional communication experimental teaching. At the same time, since OAI is an open-source system with good openness, this application can provide a good industrial internet scientific research and innovation platform for scientific research institutions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the OAI system. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the industrial internet experimental platform of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the user terminal sending data during the OAI physical layer processing experiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of base station reception in the OAI physical layer processing experiment of this application; Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating the experimental method for enabling semantic communication in the OAI physical layer AMC of this application; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the NTN time-frequency synchronization experimental method of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a structural design of the industrial internet experimental device of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a structural design of the industrial internet experimental device of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the industrial internet experimental device of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] First, some of the technical terms used in this application will be explained to help those skilled in the art understand this application.

[0020] OpenAirInterface (OAI) is an open-source software-defined radio (SDR) platform designed to implement an open, interoperable air interface standard for wireless communication systems. Initiated by the EURECOM Institute and managed and maintained by the OpenAirInterface Software Alliance (OSA), it supports the development and experimentation of 4G LTE, 5G NR, and future 6G technologies. Based on 3GPP standards, it implements 3GPP-compliant UE, gNB, and 5GC on general-purpose processors (Intel x86 / ARM) or graphics processing units (GPUs) based on the Linux operating system. In other words, OAI fully implements the three parts of the 5G protocol: the core network (5GC), the base station (gNB), and the user terminal (UE). As an open-source platform, OAI is available for researchers in academic institutions, industry, and other sectors.

[0021] The structural diagram of the OAI platform (system) is as follows: Figure 1As shown in the diagram, the OAI system includes the OAI 5G RAN (Radio Access Network) and the OAI CN (Core Network), among others. The OAI 5G RAN includes UE (User Equipment), eNB (Evolved Node B), and gNB (The next Generation Node B). The OAI CN includes the OAI 5G CN and OAI 4G CN-SPGW (Serving Packet Data Network Gateway). The core network (5GC) implements a complete 5G core network compliant with 3GPP standards, including network functions (NFs) such as AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), SMF (Session Management Function), UPF (User Plane Function), and UDR (Unified Data Storage). The Radio Access Network (RAN) is compiled using CMake tools and supports emulation and Software Radio (SDR) implementation. Its emulation platform (such as DLSIM) includes top-level encapsulation for unit emulation, system-level emulation, and real-time eNB, UE, and RRH GW. Its SDR includes functional components such as NFAPI, OpenAir1, OpenAir2, and OpenAir3. NFAPI includes NFAPI (Network Function Application Interface) code. NFAPI is a standardized interface used to transfer information between the physical layer and the network layer. OpenAir1 includes code for the 3GPP LTE Rel-10 / 12 physical layer (PHY) and 3GPP NR Rel-17 physical layer. OpenAir2 includes implementations of RLC / MAC / PDCP / RRC / X2AP for 3GPP LTE Rel-10 and Rel-14, and RLC / MAC / PDCP / SDAP / RRC / XnAP for 3GPP NR Rel-17. OpenAir3 includes implementations of protocols such as S1AP, NAS, and GTPV1-U of 3GPP LTE Rel10 and NGAP of 3GPP NR Rel-16.

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Firstly, this application provides an industrial internet experimental platform. By constructing an industrial internet environment, it provides students with a platform to carry out practical and innovative activities in the context of mobile communication networks, effectively solving problems such as outdated content, high cost of experimental equipment, lagging technology, and insufficient innovative practice in traditional communication experimental teaching. In addition, OAI is an open-source system with good openness, which can provide a good industrial internet scientific research and innovation platform for scientific research institutions.

[0024] In one embodiment, reference is made to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the industrial internet experimental platform of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the industrial internet experimental platform includes: an experimental platform client and an experimental platform server, as well as an optional RAN platform.

[0025] The experimental platform client is used to access the experimental platform server, or simultaneously access both the experimental platform server and the RAN platform; the experimental platform server is used to deploy experimental-related software and resources; the RAN platform includes a radio frequency module and a processor module, the processor module including at least one of a general-purpose processor module and a graphics processor module; wherein, the processor module includes at least one of the core network, base station, and user terminal of the OAI system, and the radio frequency module includes an FPGA module, a digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module, and a radio frequency terminal.

[0026] Specifically, the industrial internet experimental platform includes an experimental platform client and an experimental platform server, and may also include a RAN platform. When a RAN platform is included, at least one of the experimental platform server and the experimental platform client is connected to the RAN platform. The general-purpose processor module and graphics processor module contain... Figure 1 The OAI system shown includes at least one of the core network (5GC), base station (gNB), and user terminal (UE). The digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module is connected between the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) module and the radio frequency terminal.

[0027] For the RF module, during signal transmission, the FPGA module sends the digital signal to the RF end via a digital-to-analog (DAC) / analog-to-digital (ADC) converter, where it is then transmitted wirelessly. Conversely, during signal reception, the RF end sends the received wireless signal to the FPGA module via a DAC for digital signal processing. The general-purpose processor module and graphics processor module can connect to the RF module via USB, Ethernet, or optical interface, or via a PCIe interface.

[0028] Furthermore, in one embodiment, during virtual simulation experiments, the experimental platform client connects to the experimental platform server. The experimental platform server receives the experimental request from the client and calls the experimental computing software module through a pre-deployed WEB service (a software service running on the server and providing functions to the outside world via the network) to perform experimental processing and returns the experimental results to the client. During online reality experiments, the experimental platform client connects to the experimental platform server and the RAN platform. The experimental platform server receives the experimental request from the client, sends the experimental input data and parameters to the WEB service of the online experimental device, and the WEB service sends the experimental input data and parameters to the hardware device for processing and returns the experimental results to the client. In the online reality experiments, the WEB service is deployed in the RAN platform.

[0029] The industrial internet experimental platform of this application is based on a B / S (browser / server) architecture, connecting the experimental platform server, RAN platform, and experimental platform client via a network. The experimental platform server deploys the necessary virtual simulation experimental software, experimental resources, and experimental management software, realizing the main experimental functions of virtual simulation experiments and the management functions of the entire system.

[0030] Because of the B / S architecture, the experimental platform client only needs to connect to the network where the experimental platform server is located. Experimenters can then conduct virtual simulation experiments through a browser on the experimental platform client. Similarly, the experimental platform client only needs to connect to the networks of both the experimental platform server and the RAN platform. When conducting virtual simulation experiments, the experiments are purely virtual and do not require RAN platform support. Experimenters can start the experiment at any time after selecting it. Requests from the experiment page on the experimental platform client are sent to the experimental platform server over the network. The experimental platform server then uses a pre-deployed web service to call the experimental computation software module (e.g., the algorithm software in subsequent physical layer processing experiments and system simulation experiments, or the semantic communication algorithm processing module or communication sensing algorithm module in the online reality experiment embodiment). After processing, the experimental output is returned to the client, rendered, and displayed to the experimenter.

[0031] When conducting online reality experiments, the experimental process requires the support of a corresponding RAN platform. System administrators need to set the open time periods for the corresponding devices, and experimenters need to reserve the experiment time and equipment in advance, completing the experiment by remotely logging into the experimental system within the reserved time period. During online reality experiments, the web service is deployed in the laboratory's RAN platform. When the experimenter conducts the experiment on the experimental platform client, the experimental platform server receives the experiment request and transmits the experimental input data and parameters to the web service of the online experimental device. The web service then transmits the relevant data and parameters to the hardware device for processing, and finally returns the experimental output results back to the experimental platform client. The experimental platform client can display the experimental results and the instrument's measurement data and images. Experimenters can also observe the experimental phenomena through a webcam. Optionally, the RAN platform can be NVIDIA AI Aerial, whose NVIDIA Aerial Omniverse digital twin is a system-level network digital twin development platform capable of simulating wireless systems with physical precision. Immersive experimental environments are created through virtual reality and network simulation technologies, flexibly simulating communication processes in complex scenarios.

[0032] Secondly, this application also provides an OAI physical layer processing experimental method based on the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform.

[0033] In intelligent manufacturing, applications such as industrial real-time control have extremely high latency requirements for the rapid transmission and reception of information. OAI physical layer, link-level, and system-level simulations facilitate the verification of communication algorithms. For the OAI physical layer processing experiment, following the definitions of relevant 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) technical specifications, the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) of the 5G physical layer was implemented. The experiment was divided into two parts: user terminal (UE) transmission and base station (gNB) reception, comprising 26 algorithm modules. The source code is located at oai / openair1 / SIMULATION / NR_PHY / ulsim.c, which contains the main execution flow code description for the PUSCH channel simulation, including a complete implementation from parameter initialization to the final demodulation of transmitted bit data and error bit statistics.

[0034] Specifically, the OAI physical layer processing experimental method includes the user terminal transmission process and the base station reception process. See [link / reference] Figure 3As shown, the user terminal transmission process sequentially includes CRC (Cyclical Redundancy Check) addition, code block segmentation, LDPC (Parity Check Code) encoding, rate matching, code block concatenation, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, transmission precoding, precoding, generating pilot data, generating frequency domain data, and generating time domain data. See also... Figure 4 As shown, the base station receiving process includes, in sequence, time-domain data to frequency-domain data conversion, resource mapping, channel estimation, channel equalization, precoding, transmission precoding, layer mapping, demodulation, descrambling, decoded block concatenation, rate matching, LDPC decoding, and CRC check.

[0035] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the OAI physical layer processing experimental method further includes: connecting the OAI base station running on the experimental platform server and the OAI terminal running on the experimental platform client through rfsimulator. rfsimulator adopts noSI mode (a special operating mode without core network connection) and only performs access network simulation verification to conduct OAI physical layer processing experiments. rfsimulator is the radio frequency simulation module in OAI, used to simulate the 5G / LTE air interface physical layer in a pure software environment.

[0036] Specifically, the OAI system also provides system-level simulation. Using rfsimulator, OAI base stations running on the experimental platform server and OAI terminals running on the experimental platform client can be connected. Without a core network, rfsimulator can use noSI mode to perform access network simulation verification for OAI physical layer processing experiments. The experimental process, parameters, and input / output data formats strictly adhere to 3GPP technical specifications and are completely consistent with the implementation principles of the PUSCH channel in 5G terminals and base station equipment. The experiment not only realizes the entire OAI physical layer PUSCH channel baseband processing process through virtual simulation but also allows remote connection to software-defined radio equipment and test instruments via online real-world experiments. This enables the implementation and observation of the entire OAI physical layer PUSCH channel processing process on hardware that meets the OAI physical layer performance requirements. During the experiment, to address the issue of high time consumption in the OAI terminal descrambling and channel decoding modules, a GPU CUDA parallel programming model is used for optimization. The data processed by the descrambling and channel decoding modules is divided into bit-level and code block-level segments, respectively, utilizing multiple GPUs to achieve parallel processing and improve data processing efficiency.

[0037] Thirdly, this application also provides an experimental method for semantic communication-enabled OAI physical layer AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding), based on the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 5 As shown, the semantic communication-enabled OAI physical layer AMC experimental method of this application includes: S11: Connect the experimental platform server and a RAN platform to realize the function of OAI base station, and connect the experimental platform client and another RAN platform to realize the function of OAI terminal; S12: The OAI terminal measures the CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal) or PDSCH DMRS (Downlink Shared Channel Demodulation Reference Signal) to obtain the transmission error probability information of the MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme). S13: The OAI terminal uses the error transmission probability information of the acquired MCS as the information source and sends the information source to the OAI base station using the source-channel joint coding method. S14: The OAI base station receives the information source and performs joint decoding of the information source and channel to obtain the transmission error probability information of the MCS, thereby confirming the MCS of the OAI terminal. S15: The OAI terminal receives data via PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) based on the determined MCS, and sends HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) and CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) information back to the OAI base station, and saves the process data for subsequent experimental analysis.

[0038] Specifically, the industrial internet experimental platform structure of this application may include, in one scenario, an experimental platform server, a RAN platform, and an online experimental terminal. The experimental platform server is connected to a RAN platform to implement the functions of an OAI base station. The online experimental terminal includes another RAN platform and an experimental platform client, interconnected to implement the functions of an OAI terminal. Semantic communication, due to its significant advantages in transmission efficiency, simplified network data, and reduced system pressure, is an ideal technology for improving industrial network performance. One method of enabling AMC with semantic communication is for the terminal to obtain the error probability of all MCSs based on DMRS using CSI-RS or PDSCH, and then use this information as a source, transmitting it to the OAI base station in JSCC (Joint Source Channel Coding) mode, thereby enabling the OAI base station to allocate the optimal MCS for the UE.

[0039] Semantic communication enables OAI physical layer AMC experimental process as follows Figure 5As shown, the specific process of step S13 includes: Model inference: using the transmission error probability information of MCS as input to the AI ​​model, and obtaining the optimal MCS in the future through model inference; Model monitoring: monitoring the inference performance of the current AI model in real time; Model fine-tuning: using the NACK probability information as label data to generate a fine-tuning dataset, and fine-tuning the AI ​​model generated based on simulation data so that it can better adapt to the wireless environment of the current network.

[0040] The OAI terminal is based on the RAN platform and the experimental platform client, while the OAI base station is based on the experimental platform server and another RAN platform. During the experiment, the experimental platform client needs to access the network where the experimental platform server and the AI-RAN platform reside and obtain experimental permissions. Simultaneously, the OAI terminal and OAI base station need to establish a link connection. During the experiment, the AI ​​models of both the OAI terminal and OAI base station are aligned. During the experiment, AI model inference and fine-tuning are adapted based on the source code located in oai / openair1 / PHY / SCHED_NR and oai / openair1 / PHY / SCHED_NR_UE in the OAI project. Semantic communication-enabled OAI physical layer AMC mechanism, compared to traditional schemes that only rely on CQI and HARQ feedback, allows the OAI terminal base station to obtain the optimal MCS at the cost of controllable uplink overhead, thereby maximizing system throughput or spectral efficiency. Through this experiment, students gain a deep understanding of the basic principles of semantic communication and master the key technologies for building a semantic communication prototype system. Optionally, the RAN platform is NVIDIA AI Aerial, which provides OAI virtualized baseband processing capabilities through GPU-accelerated RAN and integrates PyTorch / TensorFlow AI framework to achieve base station-level AI training.

[0041] Fourthly, this application also provides an NTN time-frequency synchronization experimental method, based on the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 6 As shown, the NTN time-frequency synchronization experimental method of this application includes: S21: Connect the RAN platform and the experimental platform server to realize the function of the NTN base station, and connect the experimental platform client to the network where the RAN platform and the experimental platform server are located; S22: Configure system messages in the RAN platform to broadcast ephemeris information of the local and neighboring satellites in the RAN platform; S23: The NTN terminal uses its own position information obtained by GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) measurement and ephemeris information obtained by receiving system messages broadcast by the satellite to enable the user terminal to calculate the distance and relative speed between the user terminal and the satellite; S24: The NTN terminal calculates the frequency offset value used to pre-compensate for Doppler frequency shift and the timing advance used to pre-compensate for transmission delay; S25: After the NTN terminal completes the time-frequency offset pre-compensation, it accesses the RAN platform and saves the random access process data for subsequent experimental analysis.

[0042] In ultra-long-distance data transmission scenarios, NTN networks offer advantages such as ubiquitous access and a flattened architecture, playing a crucial role in highly reliable communication and providing essential technical support for scenarios like the Industrial Internet. This experiment conducts signaling interaction and parameter configuration analysis related to NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks) to verify that NTN commercial terminals complete signaling processes such as registration and authentication within the RAN platform. The RAN platform and the experimental platform server are connected to implement the functions of an NTN base station. During the experiment, the experimental platform client needs to access the network where the experimental platform server and the RAN platform reside and obtain experimental permissions. During the experiment, the NTN terminal connects to the Mobility Management Function (AMF) and User Equipment (UE) of the RAN platform. Communication includes the processing and interaction of protocols such as SCTP and NGAP. Signaling analysis tools are used to capture this data in real time, and relevant data is saved for subsequent experimental analysis. Through this experiment, students gain a deep understanding of the basic principles of NTN-related signaling interaction and parameter configuration, and master key technologies such as NTN system processes.

[0043] NTN time-frequency synchronization experiments were conducted to verify the time-frequency compensation mechanisms on both the terminal and satellite sides. During the experiment, reference ephemeris information was obtained to compensate for the large time delays and Doppler frequency offsets introduced by the service link (terminal-satellite) and the feeder link (satellite-gateway station). The NTN time-frequency synchronization experiment process is as follows: Figure 6 As shown. Through this experiment, students gain a deep understanding of the basic principles of NTN time-frequency synchronization and master the key technologies of link synchronization in the NTN communication process. During the experiment, the NTN system messages in the RAN platform were adapted based on the source code in the OAI project located at oai / openair2 / LAYER2 / NR_MAC_gNB.

[0044] The integrated sensing and communication technology achieves a high degree of integration of communication and sensing capabilities through shared hardware and software resources, becoming a new paradigm to meet the collaborative needs of high-reliability communication and high-precision sensing in industrial internet scenarios. An OAI (Integrated Sensing and Communication) experiment was conducted to verify the ability to integrate traditional radar into communication base stations, simultaneously realizing communication and sensing functions through a RAN platform. The experimental platform server is connected to a commercial base station to implement the sensing base station's functions. The online experimental terminal includes another RAN platform and an experimental platform client, interconnected to implement the OAI terminal's functions. During the experiment, the experimental platform client needs to access the networks of the experimental platform server and the commercial base station and obtain experimental permissions, while the OAI terminal and the sensing base station need to establish a link connection. During the experiment, the sensing base station transmits sensing signals to the air coverage area during the communication link connection process. The signals generate echo signals after reaching the mobile passive sensing target (pedestrian). The OAI terminal also includes a sensing processing module. The OAI terminal receives the echo signals through the sensing processing module to identify the characteristics of the detected target, such as distance, speed, and angle, thereby realizing target detection, target tracking, and target recognition functions. As an example of the experiment, the downlink reference signal (DMRS) was reused as the sensing signal, and the channel state information output by the DMRS channel estimation was input to the sensing processing module of the OAI terminal. The sensing processing module used a moving average conjugate rearrangement MUSIC algorithm combined with maximum likelihood estimation to obtain the Doppler, time delay, and angle of the sensing target's reflection path. During the experiment, the sensing processing module was adapted based on the source code located in oai / openair1 / PHY / SCHED_NR_UE of the OAI project. A non-ideal factor elimination method based on the reference path (LOS path and static path) was used during the experiment to effectively overcome the influence of non-ideal sensing factors such as timing drift, timing adjustment, carrier frequency deviation, and random phase, obtaining correct Doppler, time delay, and angle estimates even under time-frequency asynchronous conditions at both the transmitting and receiving ends. Through this experiment, students gained a deep understanding of the basic principles of the integrated sensing system and mastered key technologies such as integrated sensing waveform construction and sensing processing algorithms.

[0045] As one embodiment, the experimental platform server in the industrial internet experimental platform includes at least one of a general-purpose processor module and a graphics processor module. When connected to a RAN platform, the experimental platform server may include... Figure 1The OAI system shown includes at least one of the following: core network (5GC), base station (gNB), and user terminal (UE). The experimental platform server comprises three parts: an experimental management subsystem, a RAN platform software subsystem, and a course experimental subsystem. The experimental management subsystem includes three roles: administrator, teacher, and student. Administrators are responsible for managing courses, experiments, classes, and teacher / student accounts, and can import information in batches. Teachers should have functions such as experimental project management, report template management, experimental grading management, and experimental grade management. They can set experimental status, open classes for experiments, add or modify experimental tasks, upload experimental report templates, grade experimental reports online, batch download student-uploaded experimental reports and design files, check experimental reports for plagiarism, and export student grade sheets.

[0046] As one embodiment, the experimental platform client in the industrial internet experimental platform includes at least one of a general-purpose processor module and a graphics processor module. When connected to the RAN platform, the experimental platform client may include... Figure 1 The OAI system shown includes at least one of the following: core network (5GC), base station (gNB), and user terminal (UE). The experimental platform client includes functions such as selecting experimental courses and projects, completing experiments online, viewing experimental manuals, filling out experimental reports online, downloading experimental report templates, and uploading experimental reports.

[0047] This application constructs a near-commercial-grade industrial internet environment, providing students with a platform to conduct practical and innovative activities in a mobile communication network setting. It effectively addresses issues such as outdated content, high equipment costs, technological lag, and insufficient innovative practice in traditional communication experiment teaching. Furthermore, OAI is an open-source system with high openness, providing research institutions with an excellent industrial internet research and innovation platform.

[0048] Fifthly, embodiments of this application also provide an industrial internet experimental device for connecting to the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 7 As shown, the industrial internet experimental device includes an energy harvesting module and an active communication module.

[0049] The energy harvesting module is used to harvest energy from the environment; the active communication module is used to realize the communication functions of the RAN platform, including receiving downlink control signals and feeding back uplink information and uplink signals; wherein, the industrial internet experimental device is an Internet of Things (IoT) device, and the IoT device includes at least one of passive electronic tags and passive sensors.

[0050] Passive tags, with their unique power-free and maintenance-free characteristics, are widely used in special environments such as manufacturing plants. These tags can play a role in multiple aspects, including temperature, humidity, vibration monitoring, production line monitoring, and hazardous event monitoring, and are expected to achieve self-powering of the sensor terminals through environmental energy harvesting technology. This technological feature not only enables the tags to operate reliably in special factory environments, but also greatly reduces the need for maintenance work such as battery replacement, improving the stability and reliability of the equipment.

[0051] like Figure 7 As shown, an industrial internet experimental device is provided, which is related to... Figure 2 The OAI (Operating Internet of Things) experimental device is connected to the RAN platform and includes an energy harvesting module and an active communication module. The industrial internet experimental device can be a passive electronic tag (e.g., a passive RFID tag), a passive sensor, or other IoT device; this embodiment does not limit the specific form of the passive IoT device. The energy harvesting module can collect energy from the environment to power its operation; the energy source can be solar energy, vibration energy, thermoelectric energy, radio frequency energy, etc. The active communication module is used to complete the communication functions of the RAN platform, namely receiving downlink control signals and feeding back uplink information and uplink signals. During the experiment, the core network of the OAI system also needs to connect with the passive IoT management platform. During the experiment, the source code in the core network (5GC) and base station (gNB) of the OAI system needs to be adapted to meet the communication function requirements of the active communication module and the RAN platform. As one embodiment, during the experiment, the industrial internet experimental device completes authentication and other signaling interactions with the RAN platform.

[0052] As an experimental embodiment, this industrial internet experimental device uses passive electronic tags. During the experiment, the RAN platform and the passive electronic tags complete a random access process, responding to tag selection, tag inventory, and access permission commands. The passive IoT management platform displays the inventory of tags and the number of tags, as well as the tag EPC code (Electronic Product Code). Through this experiment, students gain a deeper understanding of the basic principles of passive electronic tags and cellular communication systems, and master key technologies such as passive electronic tag identification and data reading / writing methods.

[0053] Sixthly, embodiments of this application also provide an industrial internet experimental device, applied to the experimental platform server of the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 8 As shown, the industrial internet experimental device includes a first receiving module, a first experimental module, and a first transmitting module.

[0054] That is, Figure 8 As shown, an industrial internet experimental device is provided, which is applied to... Figure 2The experimental platform server includes: a first receiving module, a first experimental module, and a first sending module. The first receiving module receives experimental permission request commands or experimental process data from the RAN platform software subsystem or the course experimental subsystem. The first experimental module implements at least one of the following three parts: an experimental management subsystem, a RAN platform software subsystem, and a course experimental subsystem. The first sending module sends experimental permission acceptance commands or experimental process data from the RAN platform software subsystem or the course experimental subsystem. When the first experimental module includes the RAN platform software subsystem, the first experimental module is connected to the RAN platform. The first experimental module may contain... Figure 1 The OAI system shown includes at least one of the core network (5GC), base station (gNB), and user terminal (UE).

[0055] The industrial internet experimental device based on the above embodiments receives an experiment permission request command through a first receiving module. This command includes the experiment type. The experiment management subsystem in the first experiment module verifies and allocates experiment permissions, while the first sending module returns an experiment permission acceptance command. Simultaneously, the first experiment management subsystem selects either the RAN platform software subsystem or the course experiment subsystem based on the experiment type specified in the experiment permission request command. When the RAN platform software subsystem is selected, online real-world experiments can be conducted; when the course experiment subsystem is selected, virtual simulation experiments can be conducted.

[0056] In one experimental embodiment, a course experiment subsystem was selected to conduct a physical layer simulation system experiment. The industrial internet experimental device followed the definitions of relevant 3GPP technical specifications and implemented the physical layer PUSCH channel. The physical layer simulation system experiment included the main execution flow of PUSCH channel simulation, including the complete implementation from parameter initialization to finally demodulating the transmitted bit data and performing error bit statistics.

[0057] In one experimental embodiment, the RAN platform software subsystem was selected to conduct semantic communication experiments. The RAN platform was used as the experimental base station. After receiving information, the experimental base station performed joint source-channel decoding to obtain the MCS transmission error probability information pNACK, and determined the UE's MCS accordingly. Specific operation methods included: Model inference: using the MCS transmission error probability information as input to the AI ​​model, and deriving the optimal future MCS through model inference; Model monitoring: monitoring the inference performance of the current AI model in real time; Model fine-tuning: using the NACK probability information as tag data to generate a fine-tuning dataset, and fine-tuning the AI ​​model generated based on simulation data to better adapt it to the current wireless environment.

[0058] In one experimental embodiment, the RAN platform software subsystem was selected to conduct NTN communication experiments. The RAN platform was used as the experimental base station, and the system message (SIB19) in the experimental base station was configured to broadcast the ephemeris information (including satellite position and velocity information) of the local and neighboring satellites in the RAN platform. The RAN platform received and saved the random access procedure data for subsequent experimental analysis.

[0059] Seventhly, embodiments of this application also provide an industrial internet experimental device, applied to the experimental platform client of the aforementioned industrial internet experimental platform, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 9 As shown, the industrial internet experimental device includes a second transmitting module, a second experimental module, and a second receiving module.

[0060] The second sending module is used to send experimental permission request commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem; the second experimental module is used to implement at least one of the following: selecting experimental courses, experimental projects, completing experiments online, viewing experimental manuals, filling in experimental reports online, downloading experimental report templates, and uploading experimental reports; the second receiving module is used to receive experimental permission acceptance commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem.

[0061] Based on this industrial internet experimental device, an experimental permission request command is sent through the second sending module. The experimental permission request command includes the experimental type. The second receiving module accepts the experimental permission acceptance command and simultaneously selects an experimental course or experimental project to complete the experiment online.

[0062] In one experimental embodiment, a system-level simulation experiment was conducted. This industrial internet experimental device performed access network simulation verification to conduct physical layer processing system experiments without a core network. The experimental procedures, parameters, and input / output data formats strictly followed the relevant 3GPP technical specifications.

[0063] In one experimental embodiment, a semantic communication experiment was conducted. The second experimental module was connected to the RAN platform, which served as the experimental terminal. The experimental terminal measured CSI-RS or PDSCH DMRS to obtain the MCS transmission error probability information. The obtained MCS transmission error probability information pNACK was used as the source and transmitted using a source-channel joint coding method. Simultaneously, the allocated MCS was used to transmit PDSCH data and feed back HARQ, CQI, and other information.

[0064] In one experimental embodiment, a communication sensing experiment was conducted. The second experimental module was connected to the RAN platform. The RAN platform also included a sensing processing module, which served as the experimental terminal. The experimental terminal received echo signals through the sensing processing module to identify the characteristics of the detected target, such as distance, velocity, and angle, thereby achieving target detection, target tracking, and target recognition functions. Specifically, the sensing processing module used a moving average conjugate rearrangement MUSIC algorithm combined with maximum likelihood estimation to obtain the Doppler amplitude, time delay, and angle of the detected target's reflection path.

[0065] It should be noted that each module in the Industrial Internet Experimental Device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. Each module can be embedded in the processor of the computer device in hardware form or independent of it, or it can be stored in the memory of the computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0066] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used to distinguish different objects, etc., and do not indicate a sequence, nor do they limit "first," "second," and "third" to different types.

[0067] In the description of the embodiments of this application, terms such as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary," "for example," or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner.

[0068] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. The "and / or" in the text is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more.

[0069] In some processes described in the embodiments of this application, multiple operations or steps are included in a specific order. However, it should be understood that these operations or steps may not be executed in the order they appear in the embodiments of this application, or they may be executed in parallel. The sequence number of the operation is only used to distinguish different operations, and the sequence number itself does not represent any execution order. In addition, these processes may include more or fewer operations, and these operations or steps may be executed sequentially or in parallel, and these operations or steps may be combined.

[0070] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) as described above, and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0071] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An industrial internet experimental platform, characterized in that, The industrial internet experimental platform includes an experimental platform client and an experimental platform server, as well as an optional RAN platform; The experimental platform client is used to access the experimental platform server, or to access both the experimental platform server and the RAN platform simultaneously. The experimental platform server is used for deploying experimental-related software and resources; The RAN platform includes a radio frequency module and a processor module, and the processor module includes at least one of a general-purpose processor module and a graphics processor module. The processor module includes at least one of the core network, base station, and user terminal of the OAI system, and the radio frequency module includes an FPGA module, a digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module, and a radio frequency terminal.

2. The industrial internet experimental platform as described in claim 1, characterized in that: For the radio frequency module, when transmitting signals, the FPGA module sends the digital signal to the radio frequency end after passing through the digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module, and the radio frequency end transmits it outward in the form of radio waves; For the radio frequency (RF) module, when receiving signals, the RF end sends the received radio signals to the FPGA module for digital signal processing after passing through the digital-to-analog (DAC) / analog-to-digital (ADC) module.

3. The industrial internet experimental platform as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When conducting virtual simulation experiments, the experimental platform client connects to the experimental platform server. The experimental platform server receives the experimental request from the experimental platform client, calls the experimental computing software module through a pre-deployed WEB service to perform experimental processing, and returns the experimental results to the experimental platform client. During online reality experiments, the experimental platform client connects to the experimental platform server and the RAN platform. The experimental platform server receives the experimental request from the experimental platform client, sends the experimental input data and parameters to the WEB service of the online experimental device, and the WEB service sends the experimental input data and parameters to the hardware device for processing and returns the experimental results to the experimental platform client. During online reality experiments, the WEB service is deployed in the RAN platform.

4. An OAI physical layer processing experimental method, based on the industrial internet experimental platform described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The OAI physical layer processing experimental method includes a user terminal transmission process and a base station reception process. The user terminal transmission process includes, in sequence, CRC addition, code block segmentation, LDPC encoding, rate matching, code block concatenation, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, transmission precoding, precoding, generating pilot data, generating frequency domain data, and generating time domain data. The base station receiving process includes, in sequence, time-domain data to frequency-domain data conversion, resource mapping, channel estimation, channel equalization, precoding, transmission precoding, layer mapping, demodulation, descrambling, decoded block concatenation, rate matching, LDPC, and CRC check.

5. The OAI physical layer processing experimental method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The OAI physical layer processing experimental method also includes: The OAI base station running on the experimental platform server and the OAI terminal running on the experimental platform client are connected through rfsimulator. rfsimulator adopts noSI mode and only performs access network simulation verification to conduct OAI physical layer processing experiments.

6. A semantic communication-enabled OAI physical layer AMC experimental method, based on the industrial internet experimental platform described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The semantic communication-enabled OAI physical layer AMC experimental method includes: Connect the experimental platform server and a RAN platform to realize the function of OAI base station, and connect the experimental platform client and another RAN platform to realize the function of OAI terminal; The OAI terminal measures CSI-RS or PDSCH DMRS to obtain the transmission error probability information of MCS; The OAI terminal uses the error transmission probability information of the acquired MCS as the information source and sends the information source to the OAI base station using the source-channel joint coding method. The OAI base station receives the information source and performs joint decoding of the information source and channel to obtain the transmission error probability information of the MCS, thereby confirming the MCS of the OAI terminal. The OAI terminal receives PDSCH data based on the determined MCS, feeds back HARQ and CQI information to the OAI base station, and saves the process data.

7. An NTN time-frequency synchronization experimental method, based on the industrial internet experimental platform described in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The NTN time-frequency synchronization experimental method includes: Connect the RAN platform and the experimental platform server to realize the function of the NTN base station, and connect the experimental platform client to the network where the RAN platform and the experimental platform server are located; Configure system messages in the RAN platform to broadcast ephemeris information of the local and neighboring satellites in the RAN platform; The NTN terminal uses its own position information obtained from GNSS measurements and ephemeris information obtained from receiving system messages broadcast by the satellite to enable the user terminal to calculate the distance and relative speed between the user terminal and the satellite. The NTN terminal calculates the frequency offset value used to pre-compensate for Doppler frequency shift and the timing advance used to pre-compensate for transmission delay; After completing time-frequency offset pre-compensation, the NTN terminal accesses the RAN platform and saves the random access process data.

8. An industrial internet experimental device, used to connect to the industrial internet experimental platform according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The industrial internet experimental device includes: An energy harvesting module, used to extract energy from the environment; The active communication module is used to implement the communication functions of the RAN platform, including receiving downlink control signals and feeding back uplink information and uplink signals; The industrial internet experimental device is an Internet of Things (IoT) device, which includes at least one of passive electronic tags and passive sensors.

9. An industrial internet experimental device, applied to the experimental platform server of the industrial internet experimental platform according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The industrial internet experimental device includes: The first receiving module is used to receive experimental permission request commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem. The first experimental module is used to implement at least one of the experimental management subsystem, the RAN platform software subsystem, and the course experimental subsystem. The first sending module is used to send experimental permission acceptance commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem.

10. An industrial internet experimental device, applied to the experimental platform client of the industrial internet experimental platform according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The industrial internet experimental device includes: The second sending module is used to send experimental permission request commands, experimental process data of the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data of the course experimental subsystem. The second experimental module is used to enable at least one of the following: selecting experimental courses, experimental projects, completing experiments online, viewing experimental manuals, filling in experimental reports online, downloading experimental report templates, and uploading experimental reports. The second receiving module is used to receive experimental permission acceptance commands, experimental process data from the RAN platform software subsystem, or experimental process data from the course experimental subsystem.

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