An adaptive phase change dehumidification anti-icing system and control method for a brake air compressor of a pure electric bus

Abstract

This invention provides an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system and control method for brake air compressors in pure electric buses, relating to the field of pure electric bus chassis braking technology. It includes an intelligent integrated controller and a three-stage dehumidification and separation structure. The three-stage dehumidification and separation structure comprises an intake pretreatment and cold storage module, an active phase change dehumidification core module, and a deep air-water separation and protection module, sequentially connected along the intake direction. The intelligent integrated controller is linked to the brake air compressor's operating condition signal for feedback, coordinating the operation of each module. This application achieves efficient three-stage coordinated dehumidification and anti-icing through the linkage feedback between the intelligent integrated controller and the brake air compressor's operating condition signal, thereby completely preventing liquid water from entering the brake air compressor. It can actively and efficiently remove moisture from the brake air compressor's intake air from the source and can deeply coordinate with the actual working rhythm of the brake air compressor, meeting the safe supply requirements of brake air source for pure electric buses in cold and humid environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of braking technology for pure electric bus chassis, and more specifically, to an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system and control method for a braking air compressor of a pure electric bus. Background Technology

[0002] The braking system of pure electric buses relies entirely on brake air compressors (electric air compressors) to provide compressed air. These brake air compressors have strong intermittent, random high-load, and short-term impact working characteristics. In cold and humid environments, when the saturated humid air drawn in by the brake air compressor flows through the cold metal intake pipes and the brake air compressor body, the water vapor in the air is easily condensed into water and frozen, causing ice blockage in the pipes and brake air compressor, which in turn leads to a major safety hazard of insufficient brake air supply or even air supply failure.

[0003] Currently, the conventional solutions to the above problems mainly fall into two categories: continuous electric heating of the intake air and post-processing de-icing. While continuous electric heating of the intake air can provide temporary relief, it cannot reduce the absolute moisture content of the air, consumes a huge amount of energy, and the risk of icing is further increased when the heated, high-temperature, high-humidity air encounters cold air in subsequent processes. Post-processing de-icing solutions, on the other hand, have a significant response delay; de-icing operations can only be initiated after ice blockage has occurred, failing to fundamentally avoid the safety hazards of brake air supply. In summary, there is currently a lack of a dedicated anti-icing solution that can proactively and efficiently remove moisture from the brake air compressor intake air at the source, and that is deeply coordinated with the actual operating rhythm of the brake air compressor, making it difficult to meet the safe supply requirements of brake air for pure electric buses in high-altitude, cold, and humid environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problem that the existing technology lacks a dedicated anti-icing solution that can actively and efficiently remove moisture from the intake air of the brake air compressor from the source and deeply coordinate with the actual working rhythm of the brake air compressor, making it difficult to meet the safe supply requirements of brake air source for pure electric buses in cold and humid environments.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses, comprising an intelligent integrated controller and a three-stage dehumidification and separation structure. The three-stage dehumidification and separation structure includes an air intake pretreatment and cold storage module, an active phase change dehumidification core module, and a deep air-water separation and protection module, which are connected sequentially along the air intake direction. The intelligent integrated controller is linked to the operating condition signal of the brake air compressor and coordinates the operation of each module.

[0006] The present invention provides an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses, which, compared with the prior art, has, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects: This adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses is installed directly at the air inlet of the brake air compressor. This minimizes the exposure length of the treated dry air in the pipeline, reducing the possibility of condensation due to re-contact with the wet and cold pipeline during transportation. Through intelligent integrated controller and brake air compressor operating signal feedback, the system achieves adaptive control and coordinates the work of each module. The intake air undergoes preliminary separation and purification through the intake pretreatment and cold storage modules, achieving primary treatment. The active phase change dehumidification core module performs deep phase change separation and dehumidification on the pre-separated air, achieving secondary treatment. Simultaneously, through the intake... The air pretreatment and cold storage module absorbs and stores cold energy when the active phase change dehumidification core module is working, and releases the cold energy when it is not working, thus achieving passive dehumidification. The deep air-water separation and protection module acts as the last barrier for intake air dehumidification, performing secondary separation on the air after phase change separation and dehumidification, achieving three-stage treatment. Through three-stage synergy, efficient dehumidification and anti-icing are achieved, ensuring that the air entering the brake air compressor is free of liquid water, thereby completely preventing liquid water from entering the brake air compressor. It can actively and efficiently remove moisture from the intake air of the brake air compressor from the source, and can deeply coordinate with the actual working rhythm of the brake air compressor, which can meet the safe supply requirements of the brake air source for pure electric buses in high-altitude and high-humidity environments.

[0007] Furthermore, the air intake pretreatment and cold storage module includes a volute-type swirl air inlet and a phase change cold storage material cavity. The phase change cold storage material cavity is integrated with the shell of the volute-type swirl air inlet. The volute-type swirl air inlet uses centrifugal force to initially separate liquid water droplets and coarse particulate impurities in the air. The phase change cold storage material cavity is filled with phase change cold storage material for storing and releasing cold energy.

[0008] Furthermore, the signal acquisition terminal of the intelligent integrated controller is connected to the CAN network of the vehicle braking system, and the signal acquisition terminal of the intelligent integrated controller is electrically connected to the air tank pressure sensor, the brake air compressor motor current sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor arranged at key points of the pipeline of the vehicle braking system, respectively, for real-time acquisition of air tank pressure signal, brake air compressor motor operating current signal and temperature and humidity sensor signal at key points of the pipeline.

[0009] Furthermore, the active phase change dehumidification core module includes a finned evaporator and a dedicated cold source that is completely independent of other thermal management systems in the vehicle. The control output terminal of the intelligent integrated controller is electrically connected to the dedicated cold source. The cold energy generated by the dedicated cold source is transferred to the finned evaporator. When the humid air flows through the low-temperature finned evaporator fins, the temperature is rapidly reduced to below the dew point, and the water vapor in the air condenses into frost or water.

[0010] Furthermore, the dedicated cold source is a miniature Stirling refrigerator or a high-power cascaded semiconductor thermopile.

[0011] Furthermore, the deep gas-water separation and protection module includes a centrifugal gas-water separator and an ePTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane. The centrifugal gas-water separator is used to perform secondary cyclone separation on the air after phase change separation and dehumidification. The ePTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane is covered at the end of the centrifugal gas-water separator as the final barrier for gas-water separation.

[0012] Furthermore, the active phase change dehumidification core module also includes an evaporator defrosting heating wire, and the control output terminal of the intelligent integrated controller is electrically connected to the evaporator defrosting heating wire for defrosting and cleaning the finned evaporator.

[0013] This invention also provides an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing control method for brake air compressors in pure electric buses, based on the aforementioned adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses, including the following adaptive operating modes that automatically switch according to the operating conditions of the brake air compressor: 1. Proactive Start-up Mode: The intelligent integrated controller monitors the pressure of the main brake air tank in real time. When the pressure drops to the preset start-up threshold, it determines that the brake air compressor is about to start and immediately activates the active phase change dehumidification core module in advance to pre-establish a column of dry air in the intake pipeline. 2. Load-following dehumidification mode: During the operation of the brake air compressor, the intelligent integrated controller judges the load size according to the real-time operating current of the air compressor motor and dynamically adjusts the output power of the dedicated cold source. During the high load and large suction stage, it dehumidifies at full power and reduces the dehumidification power during the low load or unloading stage. III. Standby Cold Storage and Protection Mode: After the brake air compressor stops, the active phase change dehumidification core module is shut down, and the phase change cold storage material stored in the intake air pretreatment and cold storage module passively pre-cools the infiltrated air.

[0014] Furthermore, the power supply end of the dedicated cold source is electrically connected to the on-board power supply of the pure electric bus, and its working rhythm is matched with the start-stop rhythm of the brake air compressor. It only consumes energy during the necessary window period when the brake air compressor starts and stops, and does not work continuously.

[0015] Furthermore, after the vehicle's engine shutdown system is powered off, the cold energy stored in the phase change cold storage material can maintain a local low temperature at the air intake for several hours, suppressing the condensation of external moisture on the inner wall of the pipeline during parking. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for a brake air compressor in a pure electric bus, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive control logic and operating condition matching of the adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for the braking air compressor of a pure electric bus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Intelligent integrated controller; 2. Intake pretreatment and cold storage module; 3. Active phase change dehumidification core module; 4. Deep air-water separation and protection module. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings showing multiple embodiments according to this application. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in this application without creative effort will fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in the description of this application is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the use of open-ended terms such as "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," etc., in the description, claims, and accompanying drawings. Therefore, "comprising," "including," or "having" refers to, for example, a method or apparatus having one or more steps or elements, but not limited to having only these one or more elements. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the description, claims, or accompanying drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order or hierarchy. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0020] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "attachment" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0022] It should be emphasized that when the term "comprising / including" is used in this specification, it is used to explicitly indicate the presence of the stated feature, integer, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components, or groups of features, integers, steps, or components.

[0023] In this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, in this application, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] Example 1, see Figure 1 This invention provides an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for a brake air compressor in a pure electric bus, comprising an intelligent integrated controller 1 and a three-stage dehumidification and separation structure. The three-stage dehumidification and separation structure includes an air intake pretreatment and cold storage module 2, an active phase change dehumidification core module 3, and a deep air-water separation and protection module 4, which are connected sequentially along the air intake direction. The intelligent integrated controller 1 is linked with the operating condition signal of the brake air compressor to coordinate the work of each module.

[0025] In this embodiment, the adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for the brake air compressor of a pure electric bus is installed directly at the air inlet of the brake air compressor (i.e., the air outlet of this system is directly connected to the air inlet of the brake air compressor). This minimizes the exposure length of the treated dry air in the pipeline, reducing the possibility of the dry air re-contacting the wet and cold pipeline during transportation and causing condensation. Through the intelligent integrated controller 1 and the brake air compressor's operating condition signal feedback, adaptive control of the system is achieved, coordinating the work of each module. The intake air is initially separated and purified by the intake pretreatment and cold storage module 2, achieving primary treatment. The active phase change dehumidification core module 3 performs deep phase change separation and... Dehumidification is achieved through secondary treatment. Simultaneously, the intake pretreatment and cold storage module 2 absorb and store cold energy when the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 is working, and release the cold energy when it is not working, thus achieving passive dehumidification. The deep air-water separation and protection module 4 serves as the final barrier for intake dehumidification, performing secondary separation on the air after phase change separation and dehumidification, thus achieving tertiary treatment. Through the synergy of the three levels, efficient dehumidification and anti-icing are achieved, ensuring that the air entering the brake air compressor is free of liquid water, thereby completely preventing liquid water from entering the brake air compressor. It can actively and efficiently remove moisture from the intake air of the brake air compressor from the source, and can deeply coordinate with the actual working rhythm of the brake air compressor, which can meet the safe supply requirements of the brake air source for pure electric buses in high-altitude and high-humidity environments.

[0026] See Figure 1 Optionally, the intake pretreatment and cold storage module 2 includes a volute-type swirl intake port and a phase change cold storage material cavity. The phase change cold storage material cavity is integrated with the shell of the volute-type swirl intake port. The volute-type swirl intake port uses centrifugal force to initially separate liquid water droplets and coarse particulate impurities in the air. The phase change cold storage material cavity is filled with phase change cold storage material (PCM) for storing and releasing cold energy, realizing the recovery and reuse of cold energy.

[0027] In this embodiment, the system is directly installed at the air inlet of the brake air compressor. After drawing in outside air through the volute-type vortex air inlet of the air intake pretreatment and cold storage module 2, centrifugal force is used to separate liquid water droplets and coarse particulate impurities from the air, achieving preliminary air purification and reducing the workload of the subsequent active phase change dehumidification core module 3. The phase change cold storage material cavity is integrated with the shell of the volute-type vortex air inlet and filled with phase change cold storage material. This facilitates efficient absorption and storage of cold energy when the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 is working, and releases cold energy when not working, passively pre-cooling and buffering dehumidifying the incoming air. This invention utilizes phase change cold storage material to recover residual cold to achieve passive dehumidification, which not only ensures the long-term stable operation of the system, but also further improves energy utilization and extends the service life of the system.

[0028] See Figure 1Optionally, the signal acquisition terminal of the intelligent integrated controller 1 is connected to the CAN network of the vehicle braking system, and the signal acquisition terminal of the intelligent integrated controller 1 is electrically connected to the air tank pressure sensor, the brake air compressor motor current sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor arranged at key points of the pipeline of the vehicle braking system, respectively, for real-time acquisition of air tank pressure signal, brake air compressor motor operating current signal and temperature and humidity sensor signal at key points of the pipeline.

[0029] In this embodiment, the intelligent integrated controller 1 collects real-time operating signals of the vehicle's air compressor, including the air tank pressure signal, the brake air compressor motor operating current signal, and temperature and humidity sensor signals at key points in the pipeline. This facilitates real-time acquisition of the air tank pressure value, enabling deep coupling with the brake air compressor's operating conditions and real-time monitoring of the air temperature and humidity within the pipeline. The signal acquisition terminal of the intelligent integrated controller 1 is connected to the CAN network of the vehicle's braking system, ensuring the real-time nature and accuracy of the operating signal acquisition. This facilitates the linkage and feedback between the intelligent integrated controller 1 and the brake air compressor's operating signals, enabling adaptive control of the entire dehumidification and anti-icing system and coordinated operation of all modules.

[0030] See Figure 1 Optionally, the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 includes a finned evaporator and a dedicated cold source that is completely independent of other thermal management systems of the vehicle. The control output terminal of the intelligent integrated controller 1 is electrically connected to the dedicated cold source. The cold energy generated by the dedicated cold source is transferred to the finned evaporator. When the humid air flows through the low-temperature finned evaporator fins, the temperature is rapidly reduced to below the dew point, and the water vapor in the air condenses into frost or water.

[0031] In this embodiment, a dedicated cold source is configured in the system, and this dedicated cold source is completely independent of other thermal management systems of the vehicle. During operation, it avoids interference with the vehicle's thermal management system. When the control output of the intelligent integrated controller 1 is electrically connected to the dedicated cold source, the intelligent integrated controller 1 outputs adaptive control commands based on the collected operating condition signals to adjust the cooling power. When the dedicated cold source is working, the cooling energy generated by the dedicated cold source is directly transferred to the high-efficiency, compact finned evaporator, maintaining it at a low temperature. When the pre-treated humid air flows through the low-temperature finned evaporator fins, the temperature is rapidly reduced below the dew point, and the water vapor in the air condenses into frost or water, achieving thorough phase change separation and dehumidification, reducing the absolute moisture content of the intake air from the source; and in the intake air pretreatment and cold storage module 2... The cold energy generated by the dedicated cold source is stored through the phase change cold storage material in the phase change cold storage material cavity. When the dedicated cold source is turned off, the cold energy is released through the phase change cold storage material in the phase change cold storage material cavity during the period when the dedicated cold source is off, thereby achieving passive pre-cooling and buffer dehumidification of the incoming air. It is compatible with the overall vehicle architecture of pure electric buses and has strong practicality. In summary, this invention achieves active phase change dehumidification of the intake air by configuring a dedicated cold source independent of the vehicle thermal management system and combining it with a finned evaporator. This rapidly reduces the intake air temperature below the dew point, causing water to separate out. It fundamentally reduces the absolute moisture content of the intake air of the brake air compressor, eliminates the icing conditions of the intake pipe and brake air compressor in high-altitude and high-humidity environments, and solves the technical problems of traditional heating solutions being unable to remove water and exacerbating the risk of icing.

[0032] See Figure 1 Optionally, the dedicated cold source is a miniature Stirling refrigerator or a high-power cascaded semiconductor thermopile.

[0033] In this embodiment, the miniature Stirling refrigerator maintains high efficiency even in low-temperature environments, making it suitable for high-latitude, cold regions. The semiconductor thermopile has the advantages of having no moving parts and extremely fast response speed, making it suitable for the frequent start-stop conditions of the brake air compressor. This allows the invention to be flexibly selected according to different application scenarios, increasing selectivity. By integrating the miniature Stirling refrigerator or the semiconductor thermopile as an independent dedicated cold source, the system achieves active phase change dehumidification, lowering the intake air temperature below the dew point to allow water to separate out. This directly reduces the absolute moisture content of the air from the source, eliminating the conditions for icing of the brake air compressor intake air, solving the ice blockage problem of the brake air compressor in cold and humid environments, and ensuring a high degree of safety and reliability of the brake air supply in extreme environments.

[0034] See Figure 1Optionally, the deep gas-water separation and protection module 4 includes a centrifugal gas-water separator and an ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) hydrophobic and breathable membrane. The centrifugal gas-water separator is used to perform secondary cyclone separation on the air after phase change separation and dehumidification. The ePTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane is covered at the end of the centrifugal gas-water separator as the final barrier for gas-water separation.

[0035] In this embodiment, a centrifugal air-water separator is used to further separate the tiny liquid droplets carried in the air by swirling flow, which facilitates secondary separation of the air after phase change separation and dehumidification. The end is covered with an ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) hydrophobic and breathable membrane to perform the final air-water separation, allowing only dry air to pass through and ensuring that no liquid water passes through and enters the brake air compressor with the air.

[0036] It should be noted that the deep gas-liquid separation and protection module 4 also includes a drain pipe with a heat tracing cable, which is used to discharge the liquid water separated by the centrifugal gas-liquid separator. The heat tracing cable on the drain pipe prevents the drain pipe from freezing in low-temperature environments.

[0037] See Figure 1 Optionally, the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 also includes an evaporator defrosting heating wire. The control output terminal of the intelligent integrated controller 1 is electrically connected to the evaporator defrosting heating wire for defrosting and cleaning the finned evaporator.

[0038] In this embodiment, the intelligent integrated controller 1 controls the operation of the evaporator defrosting heating wire to quickly defrost and clean the finned evaporator, and discharges the condensate through the drain pipe of the deep gas-water separation and protection module 4 to prevent the finned evaporator from freezing and clogging itself. In summary, by utilizing the evaporator defrosting heating wire and the drain pipe with heat tracing, the system achieves self-cleaning and safe discharge of condensate, further improving the reliability of the system.

[0039] It should be noted that the defrosting heating wire for the evaporator is preferably a pulsed heating wire, and it is set to fit the evaporator fins so that it can be defrosted and cleaned quickly.

[0040] Example 2, see Figure 2 Another embodiment of the present invention provides an adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing control method for a brake air compressor in a pure electric bus. Based on the aforementioned adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for a brake air compressor in a pure electric bus, it includes three adaptive working modes: a forward-looking start-up mode, a load-following dehumidification mode, and a standby cold storage and protection mode. The three modes automatically switch according to the operating conditions of the brake air compressor to achieve precise dehumidification on demand. I. Proactive Start-up Mode: The intelligent integrated controller 1 monitors the pressure changes of the main brake air tank in real time. When the pressure of the air tank drops to the preset start-up threshold, the intelligent integrated controller 1 judges that the brake air compressor is about to start through the operating condition logic and immediately outputs control commands to activate the dedicated cold source of the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 in advance (e.g., 5-15 seconds in advance). This enables the dedicated cold source and finned evaporator to enter the working state and establishes a dry air column in advance in the intake pipeline of the brake air compressor. This ensures that the brake air compressor draws in treated low dew point dry air at the moment of start-up, eliminating the possibility of icing from the initial stage of air intake.

[0041] II. Load-following dehumidification mode: During the operation of the brake air compressor, the intelligent integrated controller 1 collects the motor operating current signal of the brake air compressor in real time. Based on the magnitude of the motor operating current, it determines the real-time load of the brake air compressor and dynamically adjusts the output power of the dedicated cold source. When the brake air compressor is in the high-load, high-suction stage, it controls the dedicated cold source to run at full power for dehumidification. When the brake air compressor is in the low-load or unloading stage, it reduces the output power of the dedicated cold source to reduce energy consumption and achieve on-demand energy supply, maximizing system energy efficiency while ensuring dehumidification effect.

[0042] III. Standby Cold Storage and Protection Mode: After the brake air compressor stops, the intelligent integrated controller 1 controls the shutdown of the dedicated cold source of the active phase change dehumidification core module 3, stopping active dehumidification. The phase change cold storage material stored in the intake air pretreatment and cold storage module 2 releases the stored cold energy to passively pre-cool the air that slowly seeps into the intake pipeline, delaying the diffusion of humid air into the depth of the pipeline, and reducing the dehumidification load for the next start of the brake air compressor. In this mode, the intelligent integrated controller 1 starts the short-term self-cleaning program of the finned evaporator, controls the defrosting heating wire of the evaporator to work in pulse mode, and quickly defrosts the finned evaporator. The condensate produced by defrosting is discharged through the drain pipe of the deep gas-water separation and protection module 4 to prevent the finned evaporator from being blocked by frost and ice, ensuring the normal operation of the next dehumidification.

[0043] In this embodiment, the adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing control method for brake air compressors in pure electric buses is based on the aforementioned adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses. By integrating an independent dedicated cold source, deep cooling is used to extract water from the air, directly reducing the absolute moisture content of the intake air. By deeply binding the intelligent integrated controller 1 with the operating conditions of the brake air compressor, it can implement forward-looking and follow-up intelligent control based on the unique operating conditions of the brake air compressor. That is, it can predict the start-up and work in advance based on the pressure of the air tank, and can also dynamically adjust the dehumidification power according to its real-time load to achieve "on-demand, timely, and precise" dehumidification operation. At the same time, the system recovers and utilizes residual cold by integrating phase change cold storage materials, improving overall energy efficiency. This invention completely solves the anti-icing problem caused by the intermittent operation characteristics of brake air compressors, fundamentally eliminating the conditions for icing and ensuring a high degree of safety and reliability of brake air supply in cold and humid environments.

[0044] Optionally, the power supply of the dedicated cold source is electrically connected to the on-board power supply of the pure electric bus. Its working rhythm is matched with the start-stop rhythm of the brake air compressor. It only consumes energy during the necessary window period when the brake air compressor starts and stops, and does not work continuously.

[0045] In this embodiment, the power supply end of the dedicated cold source is electrically connected to the on-board power supply of the pure electric bus, which facilitates direct power supply from the on-board power supply. Moreover, its working state is completely switched around the start-stop rhythm of the brake air compressor. It only consumes energy in a concentrated manner during the necessary window period before the brake air compressor starts and during operation, without continuous operation. The average power consumption is much lower than that of the traditional continuous electric heating de-icing scheme.

[0046] Optionally, after the vehicle's engine shutdown system is powered off, the cold energy stored in the phase change cold storage material can maintain a local low temperature at the air intake for several hours, suppressing the condensation of external moisture on the inner wall of the pipe during parking.

[0047] In this embodiment, the phase change cold storage material absorbs cold energy and completes cold storage when the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 is working, and releases cold energy when the dedicated cold source is turned off. This not only reduces the dehumidification load for the next start of the brake air compressor, but also maintains a local low temperature at the air inlet for several hours when the vehicle is turned off and the system is completely powered off, thus suppressing the condensation of external moisture on the inner wall of the pipeline during parking.

[0048] Example 3: The control method of the present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with different actual operating scenarios: Scenario 1: Initial start-up of the brake air compressor in a low-temperature and humid environment: After the vehicle has been idle overnight, the pressure in the air tank drops below the threshold due to natural leakage or low temperature. When the driver prepares to start the vehicle, the intelligent integrated controller 1 detects this pressure signal and immediately executes the "proactive start-up mode," activating the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 in advance. When the driver engages gear and starts driving, triggering the brake air compressor to work for the first time, the system is already ready, meaning a dry air column has been established in the intake pipe, and the brake air compressor draws in dry, low-dew-point air, completely avoiding the risk of icing during the first start-up.

[0049] Scenario 2: Frequent start-stop of brake air compressor on continuous downhill mountain roads: When a vehicle is continuously descending a mountain slope, the pressure in the air tank drops rapidly due to frequent braking, resulting in a dense cycle of start-stop of the brake air compressor. At this time, the intelligent integrated controller 1 mainly operates the "load-following dehumidification mode". Based on the real-time changes in the air compressor motor current, it dynamically adjusts the output power of the dedicated cold source to match the dehumidification power with the suction load curve of the brake air compressor in real time. During the brief interval between each stop of the brake air compressor, it immediately executes the short-term defrosting program of the evaporator to promptly discharge condensate, ensuring continuous and stable dehumidification capacity and avoiding evaporator frosting and blockage after multiple start-stop cycles.

[0050] Scenario 3: Vehicle briefly stops during operational intervals: The system is completely powered off, and the active phase change dehumidification core module 3 stops working; at this time, the cold energy stored in the phase change cold storage material in the intake pretreatment and cold storage module 2 begins to be continuously released, which can maintain the local low temperature at the air intake for several hours, effectively suppressing the condensation phenomenon on the inner wall of the pipeline after the outside humid air enters the pipeline during the parking period, and avoiding water accumulation in the pipeline that will cause ice to form when the vehicle is started again; when the vehicle is powered on again and the pressure of the air tank is lower than the threshold, the intelligent integrated controller 1 immediately starts the "proactive start mode". The passive pre-cooling effect of the phase change cold storage material reduces the dehumidification load of the refrigeration core, allowing the system to quickly enter the working state.

[0051] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for a brake air compressor in a pure electric bus, characterized in that, Includes an intelligent integrated controller (1) and a three-stage dehumidification and separation structure. The three-stage dehumidification and separation structure includes an air intake pretreatment and cold storage module (2), an active phase change dehumidification core module (3), and a deep air-water separation and protection module (4) connected sequentially along the air intake direction. The intelligent integrated controller (1) is linked with the operating condition signal of the brake air compressor to coordinate the operation of each module.

2. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake pretreatment and cold storage module (2) includes a volute-type swirl air inlet and a phase change cold storage material cavity. The phase change cold storage material cavity is integrated with the shell of the volute-type swirl air inlet. The volute-type swirl air inlet uses centrifugal force to initially separate liquid water droplets and coarse particulate impurities in the air. The phase change cold storage material cavity is filled with phase change cold storage material for storing and releasing cold energy.

3. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition terminal of the intelligent integrated controller (1) is connected to the CAN network of the vehicle braking system. The signal acquisition terminal of the intelligent integrated controller (1) is electrically connected to the air tank pressure sensor, the brake air compressor motor current sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor arranged at the key points of the pipeline of the vehicle braking system, respectively, for real-time acquisition of air tank pressure signal, brake air compressor motor working current signal and temperature and humidity sensor signal at the key points of the pipeline.

4. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active phase change dehumidification core module (3) includes a finned evaporator and a dedicated cold source that is completely independent of other thermal management systems of the vehicle. The control output terminal of the intelligent integrated controller (1) is electrically connected to the dedicated cold source. The cold energy generated by the dedicated cold source is transferred to the finned evaporator. When the humid air flows through the low-temperature finned evaporator fins, the temperature is rapidly reduced to below the dew point, and the water vapor in the air condenses into frost or water.

5. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dedicated cold source is a miniature Stirling refrigerator or a high-power cascaded semiconductor thermopile.

6. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep gas-water separation and protection module (4) includes a centrifugal gas-water separator and an ePTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane. The centrifugal gas-water separator is used to perform secondary cyclone separation on the air after phase change separation and dehumidification. The ePTFE hydrophobic and breathable membrane is covered at the end of the centrifugal gas-water separator as the final barrier for gas-water separation.

7. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 4, characterized in that, The active phase change dehumidification core module (3) also includes an evaporator defrosting heating wire. The control output terminal of the intelligent integrated controller (1) is electrically connected to the evaporator defrosting heating wire for defrosting and cleaning the finned evaporator.

8. An adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing control method for a brake air compressor in a pure electric bus, based on the adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing system for a brake air compressor in a pure electric bus as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Including the following adaptive operating modes that automatically switch according to the operating conditions of the brake air compressor:

1. Proactive start-up mode: The intelligent integrated controller (1) monitors the pressure of the main brake air tank in real time. When the pressure drops to the preset start-up threshold, it determines that the brake air compressor is about to start and immediately activates the active phase change dehumidification core module (3) in advance to pre-establish a dry air column in the air intake pipeline.

2. Load-following dehumidification mode: During the operation of the brake air compressor, the intelligent integrated controller (1) judges the load size according to the real-time working current of the air compressor motor, dynamically adjusts the output power of the special cold source, dehumidifies at full power during the high load and large suction stage, and reduces the dehumidification power during the low load or unloading stage. III. Standby Cold Storage and Protection Mode: After the brake air compressor stops, the active phase change dehumidification core module (3) is turned off, and the phase change cold storage material storing cold energy in the intake pretreatment and cold storage module (2) is used to passively pre-cool the infiltrated air.

9. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing control method for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power supply of the dedicated cold source is electrically connected to the on-board power supply of the pure electric bus. Its working rhythm is matched with the start-stop rhythm of the brake air compressor. It only consumes energy during the necessary window period when the brake air compressor starts and stops, and does not work continuously.

10. The adaptive phase change dehumidification and anti-icing control method for brake air compressors in pure electric buses according to claim 8, characterized in that, After the vehicle's engine shutdown system is powered off, the cold energy stored in the phase change cold storage material can maintain the local low temperature at the air intake for several hours, suppressing the condensation of external moisture on the inner wall of the pipeline during parking.

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