Permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator

Abstract

The application discloses a well-pit-free externally-hung type potential energy recovery permanent magnet power magnetic levitation elevator, and aims at the pain points of traditional traction type elevators, such as elevator unpredictability safety hazards, complex elevator maintenance and high cost, limited space in old community, difficulty and high cost of well-pit construction, high dependence on thermal power, and proposes an integrated solution. The application mainly comprises a potential energy recovery permanent magnet generator, a magnetic levitation system device, a non-contact magnetic damping braking device, a well-pit-free externally-hung type double guide rail supporting structure and a multi-stage wheel axle speed increasing transmission type auxiliary lifting mechanism. The application combines the well-pit-free magnetic levitation design and the potential energy recovery generator, and can effectively solve the pain points of traditional elevators, such as high dependence on thermal power supply, indirectly increased greenhouse harmful gases, high difficulty and cost of well-pit construction and limited space in old community, and simultaneously realizes controllable manufacturing cost of elevator equipment, well-pit-free erection, controllable overall volume, and reduces the high dependence of elevators on thermal power supply, and is suitable for practical engineering requirements of old community elevator installation and solving the pain points of traction type elevators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of elevator technology, specifically relating to a low-carbon emission permanent magnet power magnetic levitation elevator suitable for the renovation of old residential areas. Its core technology is the combined application of induced electromotive force power generation technology, controllable electromagnetic drive technology, potential energy recovery technology and magnetic damping braking technology. Background Technology

[0002] 1. As one of the core lifting components of permanent magnet synchronous traction elevators, steel ropes have a lifespan of only 3-5 years under high-intensity operation and wear. Repair and replacement require downtime of about 2-3 days, and the cost of a single set exceeds 20,000 yuan. 2. A 4-6 square meter shaft needs to be constructed before the installation of a permanent magnet synchronous traction elevator (data source: "Elevator Installation and Acceptance Standard" [GB50310-2002]). In older residential areas, insufficient space and high construction difficulty cause delays in installation and increase construction costs. 3. The safety system of permanent magnet synchronous traction elevators uses a single traction brake. Once it fails, it can lead to serious accidents, increasing the potential safety hazards of unpredictability in elevator equipment. 4. Currently, foreign elevator manufacturers account for 70% of the domestic elevator market, and the price of a single foreign elevator unit is mostly over 60,000 yuan. As a result, residents in older communities have not been able to widely adopt elevator equipment due to the high price and installation costs. 5. The power source of permanent magnet synchronous traction elevators mainly relies on thermal power, and the annual indirect carbon emissions of a single elevator unit are approximately 12 tons (data source: "Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard" [GB / T51366-2019]). 6. Currently, most electromagnets are DC-excited electromagnets. Regardless of whether they are under heavy or light load, they always maintain a constant current, which increases the mechanical losses of the electromagnet, reduces the mechanical service life, and increases maintenance costs. 7. Currently, elevator overload protection technology mostly uses load cells, which are susceptible to accuracy degradation due to elevator vibrations. Furthermore, load cells only function as overload alarms and fail to integrate with the elevator drive system to achieve their full potential. Therefore, improvements are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Compared with existing technologies, this invention innovatively proposes an integrated solution of "potential energy recovery permanent magnet generator - magnetic levitation support - non-contact magnetic damping braking", and applies it to the elevator system structure with shaftless double guide rail support structure, which specifically solves the pain points of elevator retrofitting in old residential areas and traction elevators.

[0004] This invention relates to: 1. Preferably, the potential energy recovery type permanent magnet generator pulls the rotor shaft to rotate at high speed through a potential energy recovery traction rope, a spiral spring, and a multi-gear speed-increasing transmission mechanism. The permanent magnets on the rotor rotate and cut magnetic field lines in the stator windings to generate three-phase alternating current, which is then input to the electrical box through a rectifier and used to power the elevator, thereby reducing the elevator's dependence on thermal power. 2. Preferably, the magnetic levitation support generates a controllable strong magnetic field by energizing an electromagnet, and supports the car based on the principle of mutual repulsion between like poles. At the same time, the repulsive force cancels out a large portion of the weight of the car when it is empty or fully loaded, reducing the load working pressure of the auxiliary lifting device, replacing the traditional steel rope traction structure, and solving the safety hazards caused by unpredictable aging of the steel rope; 3. Preferably, the contactless magnetic damping braking provides a strong magnetic field source through an outer magnetic damping ring device outside the car, and the magnetic damping material combined with an electromagnetic coil serves as an eddy current damping device. The two devices generate opposite magnetic eddy currents, which can effectively hinder the passage of the magnetic field, thereby achieving contactless braking and addressing unpredictable sudden safety risks. 4. Preferably, the shaftless dual-rail structure is designed with a dual-rail support structure and reinforced with support rods. It does not require a shaft, can cope with various installation environments, greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of engineering construction, and optimizes and improves space utilization efficiency. 5. Preferably, the present invention uses a pulse width modulation module to control the electromagnet current, and a ranging module unit is installed at the bottom of the car to measure the air gap distance with the bottom electromagnet. The air gap data is transmitted to the pulse width modulation module through the data transmission unit to change the magnitude of the electromagnet current. From the perspective of overload problem and operation control, a safe and suitable air gap distance is ensured. At the same time, compared with the loss of traditional DC excitation electromagnets, the solution provided by the present invention helps to reduce the loss.

[0005] In existing technologies, elevator equipment often employs permanent magnet synchronous gearless traction technology. However, this technology suffers from high selling prices, high maintenance difficulty, unpredictable safety hazards, and significant carbon emissions indirectly resulting from heavy reliance on thermal power generation. It fails to meet the growing daily safety demands and the requirements for low cost and high green efficiency. To address these shortcomings, the present invention aims to provide a permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, achieving shaftless installation, reduced reliance on thermal power, optimized multi-level safety protection coefficients, and controllable manufacturing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0006] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention. Figure 2 Side view of the present invention Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) of the present invention. Figure 4This is a diagram showing the magnetic damping braking device, support rod, and steel frame installation of the present invention. Figure 5 Top view of the electromagnets (14) and (15) of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a front view of the gear-guide rail meshing of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the bottom of the car of the present invention. 1. Permanent magnet generator; 2. Electrical box; 3. Electromagnet; 4. Magnetic damping outer ring; 5. Brake safety clamp; 6. Guide rail; 7. Tempered glass; 8. Electrical conductor; 9. Wall; 10-1. Potential energy recovery mechanism; 10-2. Potential energy recovery traction rope; 11. Magnetic damping braking device; 12. Car roof; 13. Car internal support rod; 14. Electric auxiliary lifting device; 15. Auxiliary lifting device; 16. Permanent magnet generator rectifier; 17. Pulse width modulation mechanism; 18. Support rod; 19. T-slot; 20. Distance measuring module unit Detailed Implementation

[0007] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below are merely illustrative of the core concept of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Adjustments and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the core concept of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0008] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a permanent magnet power magnetic levitation elevator, including: a potential energy recovery traction rope (10-2) connected to the car roof (12) and a potential energy recovery mechanism (10-1), the output end of the potential energy recovery mechanism (10-1) is connected to the rotor shaft of a permanent magnet generator (1), the electrical energy output end of the permanent magnet generator (1) is connected to an electrical box (2) after passing through a permanent magnet generator rectifier (16), the output end of the electrical box (2) is connected to a pulse width modulation mechanism (17) via an electrical wire (8-2), the pulse width modulation mechanism (17) is installed at the top of the guide rail (6), the output end of the pulse width modulation mechanism (17) is connected to an electromagnet (3-1), an electromagnet (3-2) and an electric auxiliary lifting device (14), the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) pushes the auxiliary lifting device (15) vertically upward or downward along the guide rail (6) to climb or descend, thereby realizing the car lifting operation, and a brake safety clamp (5) is installed at the bottom of the side of the car and connected to the electromagnet (3-2). Electromagnet (3-1) is installed in the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) by T-shaped slot (19), and electromagnet (3-2) is installed in the bottom of the car and the brake safety caliper (5) by T-shaped slot (19).

[0009] Specifically, when the car moves vertically along the guide rail (6), its gravitational potential energy pulls the potential energy recovery traction rope (10-2), and at the same time, the potential energy recovery traction rope (10-2) drives the coil spring device inside the rotating potential energy recovery mechanism (10-2), which drives the shaft of the permanent magnet generator (1) to rotate rapidly through the multi-gear speed-increasing transmission mechanism to generate induced electromotive force. The alternating current generated by the permanent magnet generator (1) is transmitted to the electrical box (2) through the permanent magnet generator rectifier (16) and the electrical wire (8-1).

[0010] Specifically, if the permanent magnet generator (1) operates under the condition of direct supply of rated power, it will increase the loss of internal components. The present invention provides a preferred solution: input the AC power generated by the permanent magnet generator (1) into the permanent magnet generator rectifier (16), and then input it into the electrical box (2) through the electrical wire (8-1) to maintain the no-load state, which can reduce the mechanical loss of the permanent magnet generator (1), extend the service life and provide a stable and efficient current supply.

[0011] When the potential energy recovery mechanism (10-1) drives the permanent magnet generator (1) to rotate at high speed, it will increase iron loss and reduce the working efficiency of the permanent magnet generator. The present invention provides a preferred solution: control the rotor to adapt the rotation speed per minute. Overload operation will increase component wear and reduce working efficiency; reduce the thickness of silicon steel sheets to reduce eddy current effect, which can reduce iron loss to a certain extent and increase the magnetic properties and service life of silicon steel sheets; increase the silicon content of silicon steel sheets within a certain range to reduce iron loss; select magnetic materials with lower hysteresis loss and eddy current loss.

[0012] Example 2 When passengers enter the car, the ultrasonic ranging module at the bottom of the car measures the air gap distance between itself and the electromagnet (3-1) in real time. The data is then transmitted to the pulse width modulation mechanism (17) via the Bluetooth data transmission unit. The pulse width modulation mechanism (17) adjusts the duty cycle to change the magnitude of the excitation current, increasing or decreasing the magnetic field repulsion to maintain a safe and suitable air gap distance. Finally, it provides power to the electric auxiliary lifting device (14). The current is transmitted through the H-bridge circuit to adjust the direction of current transmission, causing the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to lift the car.

[0013] Specifically, electromagnets (3-1) and (3-2) are located between the double guide rails (6) structure and are fixed to the auxiliary lifting device (15), the brake safety caliper (5), and the car base via T-shaped slots (19). The teeth of the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) and the auxiliary lifting device (15) mesh with the toothed rails on the guide rails (6) to control mechanical vibration during lifting and avoid sudden changes in magnetic levitation force due to fluctuations in air gap distance.

[0014] More specifically, the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) contains a multi-gear speed control device, an H-bridge circuit and a motor drive device.

[0015] Example 3 Two-stage emergency braking measures in case of car falling: First, the brake safety caliper (5) clamps the guide rail (6). At the same time, the car bottom distance measuring module unit (20) transmits the car's falling speed to the pulse width modulation mechanism (17) via the Bluetooth data transmission unit. If the threshold is exceeded, the pulse width modulation mechanism (17) will connect to the emergency power supply to energize the electromagnetic coil on the magnetic damping brake device (11) to enhance the magnetic field eddy current of the magnetic damping brake device (11). Then, if the brake safety caliper (5) loses control, the magnetic damping brake device (11) will provide the last layer of safety protection. The magnetic damping brake device (11) and the permanent magnet (4) outside the car form opposite magnetic field eddy currents. Finally, the car's falling speed is reduced until it falls to the ground at a slow speed.

[0016] Specifically, the magnetic damping braking device (11) is mounted on the building wall (9) and guide rail (6) by a support rod (18), and the electromagnetic coil is mounted outside the magnetic damping braking device (11).

Claims

1. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator, characterized in that, Includes: a shaftless external structure design, with guide rail (6) structural support; a safety braking device installed along the guide rail (6) and the car to achieve a safety braking effect; a potential energy recovery unit (10), whose output end is connected to a generator to recover the elevator's lifting potential energy and input it into the generator to convert it into electrical energy; and electromagnets (3-1) and (3-2) are installed at the bottom of the car to achieve magnetic support.

2. The permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) installed on the electromagnet (3-1) is powered on, it moves up and down on the guide rail (6). After the auxiliary lifting device (15) installed on the car and the brake safety caliper (5) is subjected to force, it can keep the car direction stable and move up and down along the guide rail (6).

3. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gear teeth of the electric auxiliary lifting device (14) and the auxiliary lifting device (15) mesh with the toothed rail on the guide rail (6) to assist in lifting and maintain stable operation; and the auxiliary lifting device (14) includes a reversing circuit module for adjusting lifting and a speed-increasing mechanism for increasing torque.

4. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generator is a permanent magnet generator (1) or an excitation generator; the permanent magnet generator (1) generates electricity by the rotation output of the potential energy recovery mechanism (10-1), and the potential energy recovery traction rope (10-2) recovers the potential energy when rising or falling.

5. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety device includes a magnetic damping braking device (11) with an electromagnetic coil wound around its exterior, and the power line passes through a pulse width modulation mechanism (17) to automatically adjust the power switch.

6. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power lines of electromagnets (3-1) and (3-2) need to pass through the pulse width modulation mechanism (17). Based on the air gap data measured and transmitted by the distance measuring module mechanism at the bottom of the car, the pulse width modulation mechanism (17) then regulates the current of electromagnets (3-1) and (3-2).

7. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rail (6) is vertically built on the ground, and a support rod (18-1) is also connected to the guide rail (6). The other end of the support rod (18-1) is fixed to the surface of the wall (9).

8. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ranging module unit (20) is installed at the bottom of the car.

9. A permanent magnet powered magnetic levitation elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elevator includes a dual-stage braking system consisting of a magnetic damping braking system and a safety brake. When the elevator accidentally loses control and falls, if the speed exceeds the threshold, the safety brake (5) will first clamp the guide rail (6). If the safety brake (5) accidentally loses control, the magnetic damping braking device (11) will become the last line of defense.

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