A high-efficiency carding needle punching equipment for basalt fiber

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of fiber needle punching technology, specifically disclosing a high-efficiency carding and needle punching device for basalt fibers, comprising a loosening and feeding mechanism, a pre-coiling mechanism, a carding and web-forming mechanism, a cross-laying mechanism, and a needle punching and consolidation mechanism arranged sequentially. This invention uses hookless needles, effectively eliminating bending stress sources. When the needle penetrates the fiber web at high speed, the micro-rough structure on the needle surface generates static friction with the fibers, dragging a portion of the fibers along the needle punching direction into the fiber web. When the needle withdraws, because the frictional resistance between the fiber and the surrounding fiber web is greater than the frictional force between the needle and the fiber, the fiber is retained inside, forming vertical fiber columns, achieving entanglement and solidification. Since the fibers are only subjected to tensile and shear stress throughout the process, they do not undergo rapid bending, thereby effectively reducing the fiber breakage rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fiber needle punching technology, and more specifically, to a high-efficiency carding and needle punching device for basalt fibers. Background Technology

[0002] Conventional carding and needle punching equipment is mainly used for organic flexible fibers such as polyester and polypropylene. Basalt fibers are non-curled, smooth, and insulating. During carding, the extremely low adhesion causes fiber deposition and loss of the web. Static electricity accumulation causes the fibers to scatter or entangle into hard lumps. At the same time, the fiber web is extremely weak and easily breaks during transfer. In the needle punching stage, the existing needle hooks have small opening angles and sharp roots, forcing brittle fibers to bend sharply. 30% to 50% of the fibers break at the hooks, which easily causes rapid abrasive wear on the metal needle plate's needle holes, leading to enlarged hole diameter and needle wobbling. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention proposes a high-efficiency carding and punching device for basalt fibers.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A high-efficiency carding and needle-punching device for basalt fibers includes an opening and feeding mechanism, a pre-coiling mechanism, a carding and web-forming mechanism, a cross-laying mechanism, and a needle-punching and consolidation mechanism arranged in sequence. The acupuncture consolidation mechanism includes an upper needle plate assembly, a lower needle plate assembly, a mesh support plate, and a mesh stripping plate; The upper needle in the upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle in the lower needle plate assembly are both straight cylindrical needles without barbs on the surface, and the needle surfaces of the upper needle and the lower needle have a micro-rough structure. The upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle plate assembly are provided with a number of needle receiving holes. Each needle receiving hole is provided with a needle plate bushing assembly. The needle plate bushing assembly includes a ceramic bushing embedded in the corresponding needle receiving hole. The ceramic bushing is a variable diameter structure consisting of a trumpet-shaped inlet section and a straight working section from top to bottom. The inner wall of the straight working section is provided with two spiral grooves with opposite directions of rotation.

[0005] As a further aspect of the present invention: the needle fixation mechanism further includes a friction wheel assembly, which includes a first friction wheel and a second friction wheel arranged opposite to each other. The first friction wheel and the second friction wheel are disposed on both sides of the needle withdrawal path, and the gap between the first friction wheel and the second friction wheel is smaller than the diameter of the upper needle and the lower needle.

[0006] As a further aspect of the present invention: the upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle plate assembly are driven by the same central drive shaft, and a first crank and a second crank offset by 180° are respectively fixed on the central drive shaft. The first crank and the second crank are connected to the upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle plate assembly through a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, respectively.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: the support plate includes a base plate and a plurality of floating conical sleeves; the inner hole of the floating conical sleeve is conical, with its inlet diameter being larger than the diameter of the upper needle and its outlet diameter being smaller than the diameter of the upper needle; each floating conical sleeve is installed in the mounting hole of the base plate by a wave spring and can float axially.

[0008] As a further aspect of the present invention: the pre-coiling mechanism is disposed between the opening and feeding mechanism and the carding and web forming mechanism, and includes a first roll and a second roll arranged in pairs; the surface of the first roll is provided with a first tooth, and the surface of the second roll is provided with a second tooth, and the first tooth and the second tooth interlock and mesh with each other.

[0009] As a further aspect of the present invention: the carding and web forming mechanism includes a feed roller, a cylinder, a work roller, a stripping roller, and a doffer; the distance between the work roller and the cylinder is adjusted by an adaptive floating component.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention: the carding and web forming mechanism further includes a pre-compression roller, which is disposed behind the doffer and is used to compact the carded thin fiber web.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the cross-laying mechanism includes a pair of horizontally reciprocating laying trolleys and a fixed conveyor curtain; the bottom of the laying trolley is provided with a row of guide rollers, which roll along the traveling track of the laying trolley; the laying trolley is provided with a pressure roller group inside, which is used to lay the fiber web from the carding mechanism on the conveyor curtain in a cross manner.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes an output flattening mechanism, which includes an upper pressure roller and a lower pressure roller. Both the upper and lower pressure rollers are hollow steel rollers with a polyurethane rubber layer covering their surfaces. The two ends of the upper pressure roller are connected to the frame through a screw adjustment assembly to adjust the pressure between the upper and lower pressure rollers. A pair of traction rollers and a take-up shaft are also provided behind the upper and lower pressure rollers.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes a frame, wherein a hydraulic damping vibration isolator is provided between the frame and the foundation; the hydraulic damping vibration isolator includes a hydraulic cylinder, a piston, and a throttling orifice plate; the piston is connected to the frame, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the foundation; an inertial counterweight is also provided inside the frame, and the inertial counterweight is floatingly connected to the frame through a rubber bushing.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention employs a hookless needle, effectively eliminating bending stress sources. When the needle penetrates the fiber web at high speed, the micro-rough structure on the needle surface generates static friction with the fibers, dragging a portion of the fibers into the web along the needle insertion direction. When the needle withdraws, the frictional resistance between the fibers and the surrounding web is greater than the frictional force between the needle and the fibers, causing the fibers to remain inside and form vertical fiber columns, achieving entanglement and solidification. Since the fibers are only subjected to tensile and shear stress throughout the process, they do not undergo sharp bending, thus effectively reducing the fiber breakage rate. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-coiling mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combing and web-forming mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-laying mechanism in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the needle-punching and consolidation mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the needle plate bushing assembly in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support plate in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the output flattening mechanism in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure in this invention.

[0017] In the picture: 100. Loosen the feeding mechanism; 200. Pre-coiling mechanism; 210. First roll; 211. First tooth; 220. Second roll; 221. Second tooth; 230. Gear set; 300. Carding and web forming mechanism; 310. Roller; 320. Cylinder; 330. Work roll; 340. Stripping roll; 350. Doffer; 360. Preload roll; 370. Adaptive floating assembly; 400. Cross-laying mechanism; 410. Laying trolley; 411. Guide rollers; 412. Traveling track; 413. Pressure roller assembly; 420. Conveyor curtain; 500. Needle-piercing and consolidation mechanism; 510. Upper needle plate assembly; 511. Upper needle; 520. Lower needle plate assembly; 521. Lower needle; 530. Net support plate; 531. Base plate; 532. Floating conical sleeve; 533. Wave spring; 540. Net stripping plate; 560. Needle plate bushing assembly; 561. Ceramic bushing; 562. Trumpet-shaped inlet section; 563. Straight working section; 564. Spiral groove; 600. Output flattening mechanism; 610. Upper pressure roller; 620. Lower pressure roller; 630. Screw adjustment assembly; 640. Traction roller; 650. Take-up roller; 700, Frame; 710, Hydraulic damping vibration isolator; 711, Hydraulic cylinder; 712, Piston; 713, Throttling orifice plate; 720, Inertial counterweight; 721, Rubber bushing. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 This invention discloses a high-efficiency carding and needle punching device for basalt fibers, which includes, in the following process sequence: an opening and feeding mechanism 100, a pre-coiling mechanism 200, a carding and web forming mechanism 300, a cross-laying mechanism 400, a needle punching and consolidation mechanism 500, and an output flattening mechanism 600. The entire device is mounted on a frame 700.

[0020] The opening and feeding mechanism 100 includes a feeding curtain, an opening roller and a conveying fan, which is used to open basalt chopped yarn into a single fiber state and uniformly convey it to the pre-cracking mechanism 200; the surface of the opening roller is provided with blunt teeth, and the tooth tip is rounded to reduce cutting damage to the fiber.

[0021] Please see Figure 2 The pre-curling mechanism 200 is located between the opening and feeding mechanism 100 and the carding and web forming mechanism 300. Its function is to apply periodic local indentations to the straight basalt fibers after opening, so that they obtain equivalent curling, thereby solving the problem that basalt fibers are naturally non-curled and have poor cohesion between fibers.

[0022] The pre-coiling mechanism 200 includes a first roller 210 and a second roller 220 arranged in pairs. The axes of the first roller 210 and the second roller 220 are parallel and are kept in synchronous reverse rotation by a gear set 230. The gap between the two rollers is adjusted to 0.5-2.0 mm according to the fiber diameter and the feeding thickness. The surface of the first roller 210 is evenly distributed with first protruding teeth 211 in the axial and circumferential directions, and the surface of the second roller 220 is provided with second protruding teeth 221. The first protruding teeth 211 and the second protruding teeth 221 are interlocked and meshed with each other. The first protruding teeth 211 and the second protruding teeth 221 are pyramidal in shape, with a tooth height of 0.3-0.6 mm and a rounded corner (R0.05 mm) at the tooth tip. The first protruding teeth 211 and the second protruding teeth 221 are offset by half a tooth pitch in the axial direction to ensure that the protruding teeth on the two rollers do not collide directly when meshing, but are alternately pressed into the fiber layer.

[0023] Specifically, fluffy basalt fibers are fed into the gap between the first roll 210 and the second roll 220. As the rolls rotate, the upper and lower protrusions apply localized indentations to the fiber layer. Because the height of the protrusions is less than the thickness of the fiber layer and the tooth tips are smooth, the fibers are not cut, but instead undergo micron-level periodic bending. These micro-bending do not change the chemical structure of the fibers, but create tiny undulations on the originally smooth and straight fiber surface. When multiple fibers with such undulations come into contact with each other, the mechanical interlocking force and interfacial friction increase, thereby simulating the cohesive characteristics of naturally crimped fibers.

[0024] It should be noted that after being processed by the pre-curling mechanism 200, the equivalent crimp of the basalt fiber enhances its cohesion, creating a foundation for subsequent carding and web formation. This effectively avoids problems such as web falling off, web disorder, and discontinuous cotton output caused by the lack of fiber crimp in existing equipment. At the same time, because the protrusions are rounded and the indentation depth is controllable, there are no new fiber breaks, maintaining the integrity of the long fibers.

[0025] Please see Figure 3 The carding mechanism 300 is used to card the pre-crimped fibers into a uniform thin web, and includes a feed roller 310, a cylinder 320, a work roller 330, a stripping roller 340, and a doffer 350. The distance between the work roller 330 and the cylinder 320 is adjusted by an adaptive floating assembly 370. The adaptive floating assembly 370 includes a vertical slide rail for mounting the bearing seat of the work roller 330, a preload spring, and a wedge block. The preload spring applies a preload force (approximately 80N) to the work roller 330 toward the cylinder 320, so that the work roller 330 and the cylinder 320 maintain a set minimum distance. When hard impurities appear in the fiber layer or the instantaneous fiber bundle thickness is too large, causing the stress in the distance to exceed the preload force, the work roller 330 can move upward along the vertical slide rail to avoid hard pulling and breaking of brittle fibers. The wedge block 373 is connected to a manual adjustment screw and is used to set the initial distance.

[0026] Behind the doffer 350 (i.e., in the fiber transfer direction), there is also a pre-press roller 360. The pre-press roller 360 is a smooth steel roller used to slightly compact the carded thin fiber web, increase its cohesion, and facilitate its transfer to the cross-laying mechanism 400.

[0027] It should be noted that the adaptive floating component 370 enables passive elastic adjustment of the gap between the work roll 330 and the cylinder 320. When encountering instantaneous high stress, the work roll 330 automatically retracts, preventing the basalt fiber from breaking due to rigid compression. The pre-compression roll 360 makes the thin fiber web initially dense, reducing the scattering and breakage during subsequent cross-laying.

[0028] Please see Figure 4 The cross-laying mechanism 400 is used to cross-lay the unidirectional thin fiber web output by the carding mechanism 300 to form a multi-layer fiber web, thereby improving the lateral uniformity and unit area quality of the final product.

[0029] The cross-laying mechanism 400 includes a pair of horizontally reciprocating laying trolleys 410 and a fixed conveyor curtain 420. The bottom of the laying trolley 410 is provided with a row of guide rollers 411, which roll along the travel track 412 of the laying trolley 410. The laying trolley 410 is provided with a pressure roller group 413, which is used to lay the fiber web from the carding mechanism 300 onto the conveyor curtain 420 in a cross-laying manner. Through cross-laying, the disadvantage of low transverse strength when basalt fibers are arranged in one direction is overcome, and the isotropic mechanical properties of the final needle-punched felt are improved.

[0030] Please see Figure 5 The needle consolidation mechanism 500 is the core inventive part of this invention, which includes an upper needle plate assembly 510, a lower needle plate assembly 520, a mesh support plate 530, a mesh stripping plate 540, a friction wheel assembly 550, a needle plate bushing assembly 560, and a central drive shaft 570.

[0031] The upper needle plate assembly 510 is equipped with multiple upper needles 511, and the lower needle plate assembly 520 is equipped with multiple lower needles 521. Both the upper needles 511 and the lower needles 521 are straight cylindrical needles without any barbs or grooves on the surface. The needle diameter is 0.8 to 1.2 mm and the length is 60 to 80 mm. The needle surface is formed with a uniform micro-rough structure by sandblasting or electrical discharge machining. The arithmetic mean roughness Ra is 3.2 to 6.3 μm. The needle tip is conical with a cone angle of 30° to 45° and the needle tip is smooth without sharp edges.

[0032] Traditional needles rely on barbs to carry fibers, but these barbs cause the fibers to bend sharply, far exceeding the breaking elongation limit of basalt fibers. This invention uses a hookless needle, completely eliminating the source of bending stress. When the needle penetrates the fiber web at high speed (400-500 times / minute), the micro-rough structure on the needle surface generates static friction with the fibers, dragging some fibers into the web along the needle direction. When the needle withdraws, the frictional resistance between the fibers and the surrounding web (as well as the entanglement resistance between fibers) is greater than the frictional force between the needle and the fibers, causing the fibers to be retained inside, forming vertical fiber columns and achieving entanglement and solidification. Since the fibers are only subjected to tensile and shear stress throughout the process and never bend sharply, the breakage rate is reduced by more than 60% compared to traditional hook-tooth needles.

[0033] Furthermore, the upper needle plate assembly 510 and the lower needle plate assembly 520 are provided with a number of needle receiving holes (corresponding to the needles). Each needle receiving hole is provided with a needle plate bushing assembly 560, which includes a zirconia ceramic bushing 561 (hardness ≥1200HV) embedded in the corresponding needle receiving hole. The inner hole of the ceramic bushing 561 has a variable diameter structure, consisting of a trumpet-shaped inlet section 562 and a straight working section 563 from top to bottom. The trumpet-shaped inlet section 562 has a cone angle of 20° and a length of 2mm, which is used to guide the needle to enter smoothly. The diameter of the straight working section 563 is 0.05mm larger than the diameter of the needle and has a length of 30mm, which provides guidance for the reciprocating motion of the needle. Two spiral grooves 564 with opposite directions of rotation are provided on the inner wall of the straight working section 563: one is left-handed and the other is right-handed, both with a lead of 60mm, a groove depth of 0.12mm, and a groove width of 0.3mm.

[0034] Specifically, during the needle punching process, broken hard basalt fiber fragments (Mohs hardness 6-6.5) may enter the gap between the needle and the bushing. The needle-receiving holes of traditional metal needle plates are rapidly worn down by these abrasives. As the hole diameter enlarges, the needle shakes, further aggravating fiber breakage. In this invention, the zirconia ceramic bushing has extremely high wear resistance, effectively resisting abrasive wear. More importantly, the two counter-rotating spiral grooves 564 generate a dual swirling effect when the needle moves up and down: when the needle moves upward, the left-hand spiral groove transports the fragments upward, and the right-hand spiral groove transports the fragments downward; when the needle moves downward, the flow direction is reversed. This counter-rotating transport prevents the fragments from accumulating at any point, but continuously discharges them from the needle-receiving holes, avoiding secondary wear caused by abrasive accumulation. At the same time, the variable diameter structure reduces the probability of collision between the needle tip and the hole wall.

[0035] It should be noted that the hardness of the ceramic bushing 561 is 3 to 4 times that of ordinary steel. Combined with the active chip removal function of the reverse spiral groove, it extends the life of the needle plate by 8 to 10 times. The needle always runs in precise guidance with almost zero lateral sway, further reducing the risk of the fiber being deflected and sheared.

[0036] To further improve the fiber carrying efficiency of the hookless needle and prevent the fiber from entangled in the needle body, the needle fixing mechanism 500 also includes a friction wheel assembly; the friction wheel assembly includes a first friction wheel and a second friction wheel arranged opposite to each other, the first friction wheel and the second friction wheel are located on both sides of the needle withdrawal path (i.e., above the needle after it has withdrawn from the fiber web); the gap between the first friction wheel and the second friction wheel is smaller than the diameter of the upper needle 511 and the lower needle 521, and the wheel surface of the friction wheel is made of elastic rubber material (Shore A hardness 50).

[0037] Specifically, when the needle withdraws from the fiber web and moves upward, its body passes through the gap between the first and second friction wheels. Since the gap is smaller than the needle diameter, the elastic rubber wheel surface is slightly stretched and applies a radial pressure of about 10N to the needle body. The counter-rotating friction wheels gently peel off the fiber debris or fibers that have not yet fallen off from the surface of the needle body and throw them back onto the surface of the fiber web. This process not only prevents the fibers from being wrapped around the needle body for a long time and forming lumps, but also increases the transfer rate and uniform distribution of fibers in the fiber web.

[0038] It should be noted that traditional hook-tooth needles are prone to clogging of needle holes due to fiber entanglement during use, requiring frequent shutdowns for cleaning. The friction wheel assembly of this invention achieves online automatic cleaning, allowing the equipment to run continuously for more than 8 hours without manual intervention; at the same time, the fiber debris shed from the friction wheel is reused, reducing material waste.

[0039] The support plate 530 is located below the fiber web and cooperates with the upper needle 511 and lower needle 521 to support the fiber web during needle punching. The support plate 530 includes a base plate 531 and multiple floating conical sleeves 532. Each floating conical sleeve 532 corresponds to one upper needle 511 or lower needle 521 and is installed independently. The inner hole of the floating conical sleeve 532 is conical: the inlet diameter is 0.15mm larger than the needle diameter, the outlet diameter is 0.05mm smaller than the needle diameter, and the cone angle is 10°. Each floating conical sleeve 532 is installed in the mounting hole of the base plate 531 by a wave spring 533 and can float axially by ±0.3mm. The floating conical sleeve 532 is made of silicon nitride ceramic with a surface hardness ≥1500HV.

[0040] Specifically, when the needle passes through the floating conical sleeve 532, the sleeve can float axially, so even if there is a slight error in the needle plate positioning or a slight bend in the needle, the sleeve can automatically adjust its posture to keep the needle tip aligned with the center of the sleeve and avoid collision. The reverse taper design of the conical inner hole causes the hole wall to exert radial extrusion force on the fiber debris when the needle is pulled back, forcing the debris to fall off and remain below the support plate, and preventing it from being carried to the surface of the fiber web with the needle and causing blockage. The wave spring 533 provides appropriate floating damping, which ensures the sleeve's responsiveness without excessive shaking.

[0041] Compared with traditional fixed straight hole mesh support plates, the floating conical sleeve combination simultaneously solves the two major problems of centering deviation and debris blockage. The cleaning frequency of the mesh support plates is reduced from once every 2 hours to once per shift (8 hours), and the overall efficiency of the equipment is greatly improved.

[0042] Please see Figure 6 The output flattening mechanism 600 is used to flatten and rewind the needle-punched and consolidated felt material. It includes an upper pressure roller 610 and a lower pressure roller 620. Both the upper pressure roller 610 and the lower pressure roller 620 are hollow steel rollers with a polyurethane rubber layer (thickness 5mm, Shore hardness 70A) on the surface. The two ends of the upper pressure roller 610 are connected to the frame 700 through a screw adjustment assembly 630 to adjust the pressure between the two pressure rollers (adjustment range 0~500N). A pair of traction rollers 640 and a winding shaft 650 are also provided behind the upper pressure roller 610 and the lower pressure roller 620.

[0043] Specifically, the surface of the needle-punched felt may have slight unevenness, which becomes smooth after being squeezed by the upper and lower pressure rollers. The polyurethane rubber layer provides appropriate elasticity to avoid secondary crushing of brittle fibers. The traction roller 640 feeds the finished felt into the winding shaft 650 at a constant linear speed and winds it into a roll.

[0044] Please see Figure 7 The equipment is installed on the frame 700. To isolate the latent fatigue damage to the fibers caused by the high-frequency impact of needle punching, a hydraulic damping vibration isolator 710 is installed between the frame 700 and the foundation. The hydraulic damping vibration isolator 710 includes a hydraulic cylinder 711, a piston 712 and a throttling orifice plate 713, and is filled with silicone oil (viscosity 50 cSt). The piston 712 is connected to the frame 700, and the hydraulic cylinder 711 is connected to the foundation. In addition, an inertial counterweight 720 (cast iron, weighing 300 kg) is installed inside the frame 700. The inertial counterweight 720 is floatingly connected to the frame 700 through four rubber bushings 721.

[0045] Specifically, when the equipment is running, the impact vibration generated by the needle piercing action is transmitted to the frame 700. The vibration of the frame 700 relative to the foundation causes the piston 712 to reciprocate within the hydraulic cylinder 711. The silicone oil is forced through the small holes on the throttling orifice plate 713, generating viscous damping force, which converts the vibration energy into heat energy and dissipates it. At the same time, the inertial counterweight 720 is elastically connected to the frame through the rubber bushing 721, forming a dynamic vibration absorber. When its natural frequency is tuned to match the main frequency of the needle piercing, it can significantly absorb the vibration energy of the frame (the vibration amplitude is reduced by about 60%).

[0046] It is worth noting that basalt fibers do not have viscoelasticity and cannot absorb vibration energy through their own deformation like organic fibers. External vibrations will form stress waves inside the fibers, which will lead to the propagation of subcritical cracks (hidden cracks) over a long period of time. The dual passive vibration reduction system of this invention reduces the vibration acceleration transmitted to the fiber web area to below 0.1g, reduces the hidden breakage rate of the fibers by 70%, and extends the service life of the product under high temperature conditions.

[0047] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency carding and needle-punching device for basalt fibers, comprising an opening and feeding mechanism, a pre-coiling mechanism, a carding and web-forming mechanism, a cross-laying mechanism, and a needle-punching and consolidation mechanism arranged sequentially, characterized in that: The acupuncture consolidation mechanism includes an upper needle plate assembly, a lower needle plate assembly, a mesh support plate, and a mesh stripping plate; The upper needle in the upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle in the lower needle plate assembly are both straight cylindrical needles without barbs on the surface, and the needle surfaces of the upper needle and the lower needle have a micro-rough structure. The upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle plate assembly are provided with a number of needle receiving holes. Each needle receiving hole is provided with a needle plate bushing assembly. The needle plate bushing assembly includes a ceramic bushing embedded in the corresponding needle receiving hole. The ceramic bushing is a variable diameter structure consisting of a trumpet-shaped inlet section and a straight working section from top to bottom. The inner wall of the straight working section is provided with two spiral grooves with opposite directions of rotation.

2. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The needle fixation mechanism further includes a friction wheel assembly, which includes a first friction wheel and a second friction wheel arranged opposite to each other. The first friction wheel and the second friction wheel are located on both sides of the needle withdrawal path, and the gap between the first friction wheel and the second friction wheel is smaller than the diameter of the upper needle and the lower needle.

3. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle plate assembly are driven by the same central drive shaft. A first crank and a second crank offset by 180° are respectively fixed on the central drive shaft. The first crank and the second crank are connected to the upper needle plate assembly and the lower needle plate assembly through a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod, respectively.

4. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support plate includes a base plate and multiple floating conical sleeves; the inner hole of the floating conical sleeve is conical, with an inlet diameter larger than the diameter of the upper needle and an outlet diameter smaller than the diameter of the upper needle; each floating conical sleeve is installed in the mounting hole of the base plate by a wave spring and can float axially.

5. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-coiling mechanism is located between the opening and feeding mechanism and the carding and web forming mechanism, and includes a first roll and a second roll arranged in pairs. The surface of the first roll is provided with a first tooth, and the surface of the second roll is provided with a second tooth. The first tooth and the second tooth interlock and mesh with each other.

6. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carding and web-forming mechanism includes a feed roller, a cylinder, a work roller, a stripping roller, and a doffer; the distance between the work roller and the cylinder is adjusted by an adaptive floating component.

7. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 6, characterized in that: The carding and web forming mechanism also includes a pre-compression roller, which is located behind the doffer and is used to compact the carded thin fiber web.

8. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-laying mechanism includes a pair of horizontally reciprocating laying trolleys and a fixed conveyor curtain; the bottom of the laying trolley is provided with a row of guide rollers, which roll along the traveling track of the laying trolley; the laying trolley is provided with a pressure roller group inside, which is used to lay the fiber web from the carding mechanism onto the conveyor curtain in a cross manner.

9. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an output flattening mechanism, which includes an upper pressure roller and a lower pressure roller. Both the upper and lower pressure rollers are hollow steel rollers with a polyurethane rubber layer covering their surfaces. The two ends of the upper pressure roller are connected to the frame through a screw adjustment assembly to adjust the pressure between the upper and lower pressure rollers. A pair of traction rollers and a take-up shaft are also provided behind the upper and lower pressure rollers.

10. The high-efficiency carding and punching equipment for basalt fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a frame, and a hydraulic damping vibration isolator is provided between the frame and the foundation; the hydraulic damping vibration isolator includes a hydraulic cylinder, a piston and a throttling orifice plate; the piston is connected to the frame and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the foundation; an inertial counterweight is also provided inside the frame, and the inertial counterweight is floatingly connected to the frame through a rubber bushing.

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