A hopkinson pressure bar system multi-environment bin rapid switching and accurate coaxial positioning device and test method

Abstract

The application discloses a Hopkinson pressure bar system multi-environment bin rapid switching and accurate coaxial positioning device and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of material dynamic mechanics test equipment. The device comprises an orthogonal distribution track system, a track switching system, a plane bearing steering system, an integral support, a lifting system and a physical positioner. The application realizes rapid transfer and online reconstruction of the environment bin and the test host through the track switching system and the steering system. The application innovatively proposes a conical positioning block and a positioning hole self-adaptive embedding mechanism, realizes lossless and high-precision coaxial centering of the environment bin port and the SHPB rod, and avoids the blindness of manual adjustment. The application fundamentally solves the problems of existing transfer difficulty and axis offset damage to the "one-dimensional stress wave assumption", and provides a reliable means for real-time and efficient continuous dynamic impact test under multi-environment conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dynamic mechanical property testing equipment and technology, and more specifically, to an auxiliary device and testing method for rapid switching and precise coaxial positioning of multiple environmental chambers in complex working conditions (such as high temperature, low temperature, supercritical carbon dioxide, etc.) of Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) systems. Background Technology

[0002] Materials such as rock and concrete often face complex natural or extreme environments, including high and low temperatures, in engineering practice, and their dynamic mechanical properties vary significantly under different environmental conditions. Therefore, conducting dynamic mechanical testing under complex environments using the SHPB system is of great significance for engineering structural design and safety assessment.

[0003] In existing high and low temperature SHPB tests, the environmental chambers are typically heavy and have complex piping, making installation and relocation extremely inconvenient. Currently, the main methods for transporting the chambers are direct placement or using a steered trolley. However, this manual pushing method is highly random, and the trolley's casters have excessive freedom, making it prone to swaying, tilting, and lateral drifting during the placement of the environmental chamber.

[0004] The effectiveness of SHPB testing heavily relies on the "one-dimensional stress wave assumption," which requires extremely high-precision axial coaxial alignment between the environmental chamber port and the incident and transmission rods. Existing equipment generally lacks sophisticated and standardized fine-tuning and adaptive alignment mechanisms. During chamber placement, not only are expensive rods easily scratched and damaged, but even a slight axial misalignment often necessitates the complete removal of the chamber and blind re-alignment. This results in high operational risks, extremely low alignment efficiency, and severely compromises test repeatability, making it completely unsuitable for real-time, efficient, and continuous dynamic impact testing of the same sample or batch of samples in different environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a rapid switching and coaxial positioning device and testing method for multiple environmental chambers in an SHPB system. This invention aims to solve problems such as difficult environmental chamber transportation, positioning deviation, and low testing efficiency and poor data repeatability caused by the lack of a precision alignment structure. It achieves online rapid replacement and high-precision adaptive centering of the SHPB test chamber under multiple environmental conditions, ensuring the smooth conduct of real-time multi-environment dynamic impact tests.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A multi-environmental chamber rapid replacement and precise positioning device suitable for SHPB systems includes a track, a track switching system, a steering system, an integral support frame, an environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system, an environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform, and a physical locator.

[0008] The track is made of alloy material and consists of two monorails with a convex cross-section. The protruding flanges on both sides of each monorail are anchored to the concrete ground via bolts. The track is divided into a parallel track parallel to the SHPB Hopkinson pressure bar axis and a vertical track perpendicular to the pressure bar axis. The vertical track extends outward from the sample loading station and environmental chamber storage station, orthogonally penetrating the parallel track and dividing it into left, middle, and right sections. The parallel track is higher than the vertical track, and all other parameters remain consistent.

[0009] The track switching system consists of 8 sets of parallel track rollers, 4 sets of liftable vertical track rollers, and a track switching platform. Each set of rollers is mounted on the bottom of the track switching platform. The 8 sets of parallel track rollers are divided into two groups, each corresponding to one of the two parallel tracks, with rollers evenly spaced on each parallel track. The 4 sets of liftable vertical track rollers are mounted on the bottom of the track switching platform and aligned with the vertical tracks. The liftable rollers have a built-in eccentric cam lifting mechanism; a hex wrench drives the eccentric cam to rotate 180°, achieving roller lifting and track direction switching.

[0010] The steering system includes a track switching platform, a planar bearing, and an integral support conversion platform; all track rollers are welded to the track switching platform. The planar bearing consists of an upper axial force transmission platform, a lower axial force transmission platform, and balls positioned between them; the upper and lower axial force transmission platforms are respectively fastened to the track switching platform and the integral support conversion platform with bolts. Two limiting pins vertically penetrate the track switching platform and the integral support conversion platform, restricting their relative circumferential rotation. Coaxial assembly holes are opened at the centers of the upper and lower axial force transmission platforms. A shim and a small planar thrust bearing are installed at the upper end of the hole in the upper axial force transmission platform, and the same type of shim and planar thrust bearing are symmetrically mirrored at the lower end of the hole in the lower axial force transmission platform; after assembly, the upper and lower axial force transmission platforms are locked and fixed by tension screws.

[0011] The integral support system comprises an integral support conversion platform and an integral support body. The integral support conversion platform is bolted to the upper axial force transmission platform, and the integral support body is welded to the integral support conversion platform. The integral support body uses two rectangular steel pipes bearing axial pressure as main support beams, with two transverse rectangular steel pipes equidistantly arranged along the axial direction. Diagonal bracing steel pipes are added between adjacent transverse steel pipes to form a local triangular stable support structure, and all steel pipe nodes are welded together. Diagonal bracing steel pipes are added to both sides of the main support beams along the axial direction to improve the overall structural rigidity. Equilateral triangular steel blocks are continuously welded to the outer sides of the two main support beams to serve as the fixed rack base for gear and rack meshing.

[0012] The environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system are located on the left and right sides of the two main support beams of the integral support frame, respectively, serving as the environmental chamber lifting platform and the auxiliary equipment lifting platform.

[0013] The environmental chamber lifting platform consists of two sets of combined long and short rectangular steel pipe components. The long steel pipes are arranged horizontally parallel to the ground, while the short steel pipes are vertically welded to the ends of the long steel pipes. Two sets of parallel vertical steel bars extend outward from the free ends of the short steel pipes, and these vertical steel bars are arranged perpendicularly to the equilateral triangular steel blocks. The upper two sets of vertical steel bars have coaxial mounting holes. A gear passes through the mounting holes and the center of the gear via a solid gear shaft. The gear shaft and gear are welded together, and a bearing or smooth bushing is used for clearance fit between the gear shaft and the mounting hole. A short solid steel pipe is vertically welded to the outer end of the gear shaft, and an operating short steel pipe is horizontally welded to the end of this short steel pipe, together forming a manual crank drive structure. The corresponding gear on the lower side also passes through the mounting holes of the vertical steel bars via a solid gear shaft. The gear shaft fits with a gear bearing and is welded to the mounting hole. No drive crank is provided; it serves as a follow-up support. A rectangular long strip limiting hole is opened on the upper vertical steel bar near the gear position. The limiting long steel bar with matching cross section passes through the gear tooth groove and the limiting hole to constrain the circumferential rotation of the gear and realize the locking positioning of the lifting height.

[0014] The auxiliary equipment lifting platform has the same structural form as the environmental chamber lifting platform, also constructed from vertically welded long and short rectangular steel pipes. A load-bearing steel plate is welded to the top of the long steel pipe to house auxiliary testing instruments such as data acquisition equipment. Two sets of parallel vertical steel bars extend from the free ends of the short steel pipes. Gears are installed with bearings through solid gear shafts passing through mounting holes. This side gear has no manual drive mechanism, serving only as a follow-up support. The horizontal long steel pipes of both lifting platforms are welded together with connecting steel bars, enabling synchronous lifting of the environmental chamber lifting platform and the auxiliary equipment lifting platform.

[0015] The environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform consists of a conversion platform supporting steel plate, six traveling rollers, and two rectangular guide steel bars. The six traveling rollers are divided into two groups of three, symmetrically and evenly arranged on both sides of the bottom of the supporting steel plate. The two rectangular guide steel bars are arranged parallel to each other on the bottom surface of the supporting steel plate, inside the traveling rollers, and welded to the supporting steel plate. The supporting steel plate has an array of fixing holes corresponding to the mounting reference holes at the bottom of environmental chambers of different specifications, allowing for detachable and interchangeable installation of the environmental chambers using assembly bolts. Six conical positioning steel blocks are welded and fixed equidistantly along the length of each rectangular guide steel bar for adaptive fitting and centering with the conical positioning holes of the physical locator.

[0016] The physical locator consists of two solid square positioning beams. Positioning mounting steel plates are welded to both sides of each beam along its axial direction. Each mounting steel plate has three anchoring holes along its length, and is rigidly fixed to the SHPB system base using anchoring bolts. The solid square positioning beams are higher than the height of the traveling rollers of the environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform. Conical positioning holes, evenly spaced and matching the conical positioning steel blocks, are provided on the positioning beams to achieve self-adaptive centering and precise alignment of the conical surface.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for real-time dynamic shock testing of an SHPB system under multiple environments based on the above-mentioned device, the method specifically including the following steps:

[0018] S1: Initial assembly and calibration preparation: Rigidly fix the physical positioner to the SHPB system base to establish a spatial coaxial reference coordinate system; Pre-install the various environmental chambers to be tested on their respective environmental chamber lifting and conversion platforms.

[0019] S2: Track switching and chassis alignment: By adjusting the liftable vertical track rollers of the track switching system, the main frame of the device is moved along the vertical track to the environmental chamber storage position; the bottom surface of the support end of the lifting system is adjusted to be lower than the height of the lower edge of the walking rollers of the environmental chamber lifting conversion platform, and extends horizontally into the inner side of the bottom of the platform.

[0020] S3: Lifting, Steering and Axial Conveying: Drive the lifting system to lift the environmental chamber, pull out the limit pin of the steering system and rotate 180° to achieve circumferential reversal, lower the vertical rail rollers to make the main frame fall back to the parallel rail, and push it along the parallel rail to the test area.

[0021] S4: Conical Fitting and Precise Centering: When the main frame moves above the test station, it switches to the vertical track again to achieve fine-tuning and coarse alignment; then the lifting system slowly descends, so that the conical positioning steel block at the bottom of the environmental chamber adapts to the conical positioning hole on the physical locator, completing high-precision coaxial centering.

[0022] S5: Online Reconfiguration and Multi-Environment Continuous Testing: After completing the SHPB dynamic impact test of the current environment (such as high temperature, low temperature, supercritical carbon dioxide, etc.), reverse steps S2 to S4 to remove the current environment chamber to the storage station, and repeat the above steps to quickly transport the next set of environment chambers, realizing real-time multi-environment dynamic impact continuous testing.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] (1) High-precision coaxial positioning ensures the reliability of test data: The innovative physical centering mechanism of “adaptive fitting of conical positioning block and positioning hole” completely eliminates the random error caused by manual centering, ensuring high-precision coaxiality between the environmental chamber and the Hopkinson pressure bar, and perfectly maintaining the “one-dimensional stress wave assumption”.

[0025] (2) Rapid online switching of multiple environmental chambers to achieve real-time continuous testing: Through the orthogonal track system, track switching mechanism and steering system, the efficient transfer of different environmental chambers in a streamlined manner is realized, which greatly shortens the working condition switching time and provides a hardware foundation for carrying out research on the real-time dynamic response of materials in a variable environment.

[0026] (3) Modular lifting and follow-up design ensures safe and stable operation: The environmental chamber lifting platform adopts a mechanism combining manual gear and rack drive with follow-up support, along with a plane bearing and limit locking system, which effectively avoids swaying, oblique insertion and lateral drift during positioning, greatly improving operational safety and equipment service life. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the prior art, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments and the prior art are briefly described below. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other adaptable drawings based on the drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a top view of the entire track.

[0030] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the track switching system and steering system assembly;

[0031] Figure 4 Axonometric drawing of the overall support structure;

[0032] Figure 5 Isometric drawing of the lifting system for the environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment;

[0033] Figure 6 Front and side views of the environmental warehouse lifting and conversion platform;

[0034] Figure 7 Axonometric drawing of the physical locator;

[0035] Figure 8 The flowchart provided by this invention is a real-time dynamic impact test method for multiple environments based on the SHPB system.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0037] 1- Track, 2- Track switching system, 3- Steering system, 4- Integral support, 5- Environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system, 6- Environmental chamber lifting conversion platform, 7- Physical locator, 8- SHPB system base, 9- Environmental chamber, 10- Incident rod, 11- Transmission rod, 12- Sample, 13- Sealing device;

[0038] 101 - Parallel track, 102 - Vertical track;

[0039] 201-Parallel track rollers, 202-Liftable vertical track rollers, 203-Track switching platform;

[0040] 301-Lower axial force transmission platform, 302-Upper axial force transmission platform, 303-Ball bearing, 304-Limit pin, 305-Washer, 306-Planar thrust bearing, 307-Tightening screw, 308-Connecting bolt;

[0041] 401-Integral support conversion platform, 402-Square axial main strut, 403-Horizontal square steel pipe, 404-Rhomboid tube, 405-Support diagonal steel pipe, 406-Triangular steel bar;

[0042] 501-Square long steel pipe, 502-Square short steel pipe, 503-Vertical steel bar, 504-Meshing gear, 505-Diagonal steel bar, 506-Power transmission rod, 507-Gear limit steel bar, 508-Lifting system connecting steel bar, 509-Auxiliary equipment bearing steel plate;

[0043] 601-Walking rollers, 602-Conical positioning steel blocks, 603-Square guide steel pipes, 604-Transfer platform bearing steel plates;

[0044] 701 - Positioning and mounting steel plate, 702 - Positioning main beam, 703 - Conical positioning hole. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals throughout the drawings represent the same or similar components and have the same functional characteristics. The embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be regarded as limiting the present invention.

[0046] See Figures 1 to 7 A multi-environmental chamber rapid replacement and precise positioning device suitable for SHPB systems includes a track 1, a track switching system 2, a steering system 3, an integral support 4, an environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system 5, an environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform 6, and a physical locator 7.

[0047] The concrete ground track is positioned according to the SHPB system base 8 reference. Two U-shaped alloy tracks 1 are anchored to the ground pre-embedded nuts via flange bolts on both sides. Parallel track 101 is laid along the axis of SHPB incident rod 10 and transmission rod 11. Vertical track 102 extends vertically outward from the sample loading position of sample 12, orthogonally passing through parallel track 101 and dividing it into three sections: left, middle, and right. The laying elevation of parallel track 101 is higher than that of vertical track 102, and the other structural parameters are the same.

[0048] In the track switching system 2, eight sets of parallel track rollers 201 are evenly distributed in two groups and mounted on the track switching platform 203, corresponding one-to-one with the two parallel tracks 101 and arranged at equal intervals; four sets of liftable vertical track rollers 202 are respectively arranged on the inner side of the parallel tracks and on the outer side of the vertical tracks near the SHPB system base 8, and are aligned with the vertical tracks 102. The liftable rollers 202 adopt an eccentric cam lifting structure, and the roller lifting and track operation mode switching can be achieved by rotating 180° with an Allen wrench.

[0049] In steering system 3, the lower axial force transmission platform 301 is fastened to the track switching platform 203 by connecting bolts 308; the upper axial force transmission platform 302 is bolted to the integral support conversion platform 401. Ball bearings 303 are arranged between the upper and lower axial force transmission platforms to form a planar slewing bearing; two limiting pins 304 vertically penetrate the upper and lower platforms, constraining their relative circumferential rotation. Planar thrust bearings 306 and washers 305 are respectively installed at the central holes of the upper and lower platforms, and are locked and positioned by tension screws 307.

[0050] In the integral support 4, the square axial main support rod 402, the transverse square steel pipe 403, the rhomboid pipe 404 and the support diagonal steel pipe 405 are welded to form a multi-triangular reinforced and stable structure; the triangular steel strip 406 is continuously welded to the outside of the main support rod as a gear and rack meshing fixing base.

[0051] The environmental chamber lifting platform is a monolithic component vertically welded from a long square steel pipe 501 and a short square steel pipe 502. A pair of parallel vertical steel bars 503 extend vertically from the outer end of the short square steel pipe. Meshing gears 504 are mounted at the upper and lower ends of the vertical steel bars 503: the upper gear is connected to the gear center via a power transmission rod 506 that passes through the mounting hole of the vertical steel bar 503; the power transmission rod is fixed to the gear and engages with the mounting hole using a bearing; the outer end of the power transmission rod is bent into a manual crank, forming the active drive end; the lower gear is only hinged to the vertical steel bar via a rotating shaft, without a drive handle, serving as the follow-up support end. Both sets of gears form a rack and pinion meshing transmission with the triangular steel bar 406 on the outer side of the integral support 4. A rectangular elongated hole is opened on the vertical steel bar 503 near the upper gear, through which a gear limiting steel bar 507 is inserted between the limiting hole and the gear tooth groove, constraining the circumferential rotation of the gear and achieving mechanical locking of the lifting height.

[0052] The overall structure of the auxiliary equipment lifting platform is the same as that of the environmental chamber lifting platform, with meshing gears 504 arranged at both ends of the vertical steel bar 503. Neither of the gears on this side has a manual drive handle; they are all driven by a follow-up support structure. The square steel pipes corresponding to the lifting platforms on both sides are rigidly connected by welding connecting steel bars 508 to ensure synchronized lifting movements. The auxiliary equipment bearing steel plate 509 is welded and fixed to the top surface of the square steel pipe on this side, used to house test data acquisition and related auxiliary instruments and equipment.

[0053] The environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform 6 consists of a conversion platform bearing steel plate 604, traveling rollers 601, and square guide steel pipes 603. The traveling rollers 601 are symmetrically arranged, and the square guide steel pipes 603 are welded to the inner side of the bottom surface of the bearing steel plate. Conical positioning steel blocks 602 are welded at equal intervals at the bottom of the guide steel pipes, and the bearing steel plate has reserved holes for fixing bolts of the environmental chamber.

[0054] The physical locator 7 is welded together from the positioning main beam 702 and the positioning mounting steel plate 701. The positioning mounting steel plate 701 is rigidly fixed to the SHPB system base 8 through anchoring holes. The elevation of the positioning main beam 702 is higher than that of the traveling roller 601, and it has conical positioning holes 703 that match the conical positioning steel blocks 602 one by one, so as to achieve self-adaptive centering of the conical surface.

[0055] In conjunction with the above-described system device, this embodiment also provides a method for real-time dynamic shock testing of the SHPB system under multiple environments based on the above-described device. The specific operation flow of this method is as follows:

[0056] S1: Initial Assembly and Calibration Preparation

[0057] S11: Spatial reference positioning: The physical locator 7 is rigidly fixed to the SHPB system base 8 by the anchor bolts on the positioning installation steel plate 701, thus establishing the coaxial reference coordinates of the physical locator relative to the axis of the pressure rod in three-dimensional space.

[0058] S12: Pre-installed environmental chamber: The specific environmental chamber to be replaced is pre-fixed to the conversion platform bearing steel plate 604 of the environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform 6 with bolts, and the platform is temporarily placed in the storage position outside the parallel track 101 to initially ensure that the bottom conical positioning steel block 602 is placed into the conical positioning hole 703 of the physical locator 7 and remains stationary.

[0059] S2: Workstation switching and chassis alignment:

[0060] S21: Main frame positioning: The main frame, consisting of the track switching system 2, steering system 3, integral support 4, and environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system 5, is moved as a whole onto the parallel track 101. The orientation of the integral support 4 is adjusted so that the square long steel pipe 501 is directly facing the target environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform 6.

[0061] S22: Lifting System Extension: Use an Allen wrench to drive the liftable vertical rail roller 202 to lift, so that the main frame is smoothly lowered onto the vertical rail 102; then turn the manual crank to adjust the overall elevation of the lifting system so that the bottom elevation of the square long steel pipe 501 is slightly lower than the lower edge of the walking roller 601 on the environmental chamber lifting conversion platform 6; finally, push the main frame along the vertical rail 102 so that the square long steel pipe 501 extends horizontally into the inner side of the bottom of the walking roller 601.

[0062] S3: Lifting, Steering, and Axial Transport:

[0063] S31: Lifting off the base: Reverse rotation of the manual crank lifts the lifting system, smoothly lifting the environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform 6 and the entire environmental chamber mounted on it.

[0064] S32: Circumferential Rotation and Locking: Pull out the two limit pins 304 in the steering system 3, and rely on the planar rotation mechanism of the ball bearings 303 between the upper and lower axial force transmission platforms to rotate the integral support 4 and the upper structure horizontally by 180°. After rotation into place, reinsert the limit pins 304 to complete the circumferential spatial locking.

[0065] S33: Track return transport: Operate the liftable vertical track roller 202 again to switch the track mode, causing the main frame to fall back to the parallel track 101. Then, push the entire system parallel along the axis until the liftable vertical track roller 202 moves to the docking area of ​​the vertical track 102 near the SHPB system base 8.

[0066] S4: Conical Fitting and Precise Centering:

[0067] S41: Lowering the rail and coarse alignment: Use an Allen wrench to lift the adjustable roller 202, so that the main frame is once again smoothly lowered onto the vertical rail 102 of the test section. At this time, make a small lateral push on the main frame so that the conical positioning steel block 602 is coarsely aligned with the conical positioning hole 703 of the physical locator 7 on the vertical projection plane.

[0068] S42: Adaptive Precision Coaxial Positioning: Release the mechanical lock on the lifting height and slowly reverse the crank to lower the lifting system. Under the action of gravity, the conical surface of the conical positioning steel block 602 and the inner wall of the conical positioning hole 703 adaptively guide and slide until the positioning block is completely and seamlessly seated in the positioning hole, thereby achieving mechanical adaptive coaxial precision centering with minimal error between the environmental chamber and the SHPB pressure bar.

[0069] S5: Online Refactoring and Continuous Testing in Multiple Environments

[0070] S51: Implement dynamic testing: After completing high-precision alignment, start the main unit of the corresponding environmental chamber (such as a high-temperature environment) to perform material heating and environmental stabilization operations, and implement real-time dynamic impact testing.

[0071] S52: Multi-condition online cyclical alternation: After completing the current environmental test, rotate the crank again to raise the environmental chamber and then retract it back to its original storage position along the track system. Repeat steps S2 to S4 above to grab and quickly transport another environmental chamber (such as a low-temperature environment) online, completing the continuous multi-environment dynamic mechanical impact test of sample 12 at a very short time interval.

Claims

1. A multi-environmental chamber rapid change and precise positioning device suitable for SHPB systems, comprising a track, a track switching system, a steering system, an integral support frame, an environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system, an environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform, and a physical locator; characterized in that: The track consists of two convex-shaped monorails made of alloy material. The flanges of the monorails are anchored to the concrete ground via bolts. The track is divided into a parallel track parallel to the SHPB Hopkinson strut axis and a vertical track perpendicular to the strut axis. The vertical track orthogonally runs through the parallel track and divides it into left, middle, and right sections. The parallel track is higher than the vertical track. The track switching system includes a track switching platform, eight sets of parallel track rollers, and four sets of liftable vertical track rollers. All rollers are mounted on the bottom of the track switching platform. The eight sets of parallel track rollers are evenly spaced and correspond one-to-one with the two parallel tracks. The four sets of liftable vertical track rollers are connected to the vertical track... The system features a symmetrical alignment and a built-in eccentric cam lifting mechanism for the adjustable rollers. The eccentric cam is rotated 180° using an Allen wrench to achieve roller lifting and track switching. The steering system includes a planar bearing and an integral support conversion platform. The planar bearing consists of an upper axial force transmission platform, a lower axial force transmission platform, and ball bearings between them. The upper and lower axial force transmission platforms are respectively fastened to the track switching platform and the integral support conversion platform with bolts. Two limit pins vertically penetrate the track switching platform and the integral support conversion platform. Coaxial mounting holes are provided in the centers of the upper and lower axial force transmission platforms. Shims and planar thrust bearings are respectively mounted at the upper and lower ends of the holes, secured by tension screws. The rod is locked and fixed; the integral support includes an integral support conversion platform and an integral support body. The integral support body has two rectangular steel pipes as the main support beams, and two transverse rectangular steel pipes are equidistantly arranged along the axial direction. Diagonal bracing steel pipes are added between adjacent transverse steel pipes to form a triangular stable structure. Diagonal bracing steel pipes are added on both sides of the main support beam along the axial direction. Equilateral triangular long steel blocks are continuously welded to the outside of the main support beam; the environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system are respectively located on the left and right sides of the main support beam, which are the environmental chamber lifting platform and the auxiliary equipment lifting platform. The two lifting platforms are connected by welding connecting steel bars to achieve synchronous lifting; the environmental chamber lifting conversion platform includes a conversion platform bearing. The system comprises a load-bearing steel plate, six traveling rollers, and two rectangular guide steel bars. The six traveling rollers are symmetrically arranged in two groups on both sides of the load-bearing steel plate. The two rectangular guide steel bars are parallel to the bottom surface of the load-bearing steel plate and located inside the traveling rollers. The load-bearing steel plate has an array of fixing holes. Conical positioning steel blocks are welded at equal intervals on the lower side of the rectangular guide steel bars. The physical locator includes two square solid positioning main beams. Positioning installation steel plates are welded to both sides of the positioning main beams along the axial direction. The positioning installation steel plates have three anchoring holes and are fixed to the SHPB system base with bolts. The height of the positioning main beams is higher than that of the traveling rollers. Conical positioning holes that match the conical positioning steel blocks are equidistantly opened on the positioning main beams.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: All steel pipe nodes of the integral support body are connected by welding, and the main support beam is a rectangular steel pipe that bears axial pressure.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental chamber lifting platform consists of two sets of long and short combined square steel pipe components. The long steel pipe is arranged horizontally, and the short steel pipe is welded vertically to the end of the long steel pipe. Two sets of parallel vertical steel bars extend from the free end of the short steel pipe, and the vertical steel bars are arranged perpendicularly to the equilateral triangular long steel blocks.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vertical steel bars of the environmental chamber lifting platform are equipped with gears at both the upper and lower ends. The upper gear is engaged with the bearing in the mounting hole of the vertical steel bar through a solid gear shaft. The gear shaft and the gear are welded and fixed, and a manual crank is provided at the outer end. The lower gear is welded and fixed to the mounting hole of the vertical steel bar through a solid gear shaft and has no drive crank. Both the upper and lower gears mesh with the equilateral triangular long steel block. According to the device of claim 4, the upper vertical steel bar of the environmental chamber lifting platform is provided with a rectangular long strip limiting hole near the upper gear. A limiting long steel bar matching the cross section can be inserted into the limiting hole. The limiting long steel bar is inserted into the gear tooth groove to lock the lifting height.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary equipment lifting platform has the same structure as the environmental chamber lifting platform. The gears mounted on the vertical steel bars extending from the free end of the short steel pipe have no manual drive mechanism and only serve as follow-up support. A load-bearing steel plate is welded on the top of the long steel pipe of the auxiliary equipment lifting platform.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The array of fixing holes on the bearing steel plate of the environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform allows for the detachable and interchangeable fastening installation of environmental chambers of different specifications via bolts.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eccentric cam lifting mechanism of the liftable vertical track roller achieves roller lifting by rotating 180° with an Allen wrench, thereby enabling the switching between parallel and vertical tracks.

8. A method for real-time dynamic impact testing of an SHPB system under multiple environments based on the device described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Initial assembly and calibration preparation: The physical locator is rigidly fixed to the SHPB system base with anchor bolts to establish a spatial coaxial reference coordinate system; the various environmental chambers to be tested are respectively installed on their respective environmental chamber lifting and conversion platforms with bolts. S2: Track switching and chassis alignment: Adjust the liftable vertical track rollers of the track switching system to move the main frame of the device along the vertical track to the environmental chamber storage position; adjust the lifting system of the environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment so that the bottom surface of the support end of the lifting system is lower than the lower edge of the walking rollers of the environmental chamber lifting conversion platform, and extend the lifting system horizontally into the bottom inner side of the environmental chamber lifting conversion platform. S3: Lifting, Steering and Axial Conveying: Drive the lifting system of the environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment to lift and lift the environmental chamber lifting conversion platform and environmental chamber; pull out the limit pin of the steering system, rotate the integral support and upper structure 180° to achieve circumferential reversal, and then insert the limit pin to fix it; adjust the rollers of the liftable vertical rail to lower it, so that the main frame of the device falls back to the parallel rail, and push the main frame towards the test area along the parallel rail; S4: Conical Fitting and Precise Centering: When the main frame moves above the test station, adjust the adjustable vertical rail rollers to switch the main frame to the vertical rail for fine-tuning and coarse alignment; The environmental chamber and auxiliary equipment lifting system are slowly lowered so that the conical positioning steel block at the bottom of the environmental chamber lifting and conversion platform can adaptively fit with the conical positioning hole on the physical locator, thus completing the high-precision coaxial alignment and centering of the environmental chamber and the SHPB system. S5: Online Reconfiguration and Multi-Environment Continuous Testing: After completing the SHPB dynamic impact test of the current environment (such as high temperature, low temperature, supercritical carbon dioxide, etc.), reverse steps S2 to S4 to remove the current environment chamber to the storage station; repeat steps S2 to S4 to transport the next set of environment chambers to the test station to realize real-time dynamic impact continuous testing in multiple environments.

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