A test system and test method for testing the sedimentation characteristics and regulation of a liquid-solid two-phase energetic material

Abstract

This invention discloses a testing system and method for analyzing the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, belonging to the technical field of liquid-solid two-phase flow transport and particle sedimentation testing. The system includes a power system, a control system, observation pipelines, and a monitoring system. A circulating transport loop is formed through a stirring tank, a wear-resistant pump, and a return pipeline. Real-time acquisition and analysis of the particle sedimentation process and flow field state are achieved through a transparent observation tube, a high-frequency laser generator, a CMOS camera, a synchronizer, and a computer data acquisition and processing system. The transparent observation tube adopts a nested structure of an inner circular tube and an outer square tube, and optical distortion is eliminated through liquid injection. The system can also monitor the solid content and automatically replenish the material through a pressure sensor and a solid particle feeding bin. This invention enables continuous, high-precision, and low-distortion observation of the sedimentation process of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of liquid-solid two-phase flow transport and particle sedimentation testing technology, and particularly relates to a test system and method for testing the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid-solid two-phase flow pipeline transportation technology is widely used in industrial fields such as oil extraction, mineral transportation, chemical production, and the transport of energetic materials. In the liquid-solid two-phase flow transportation process, solid particles flow along the pipeline under the carrying action of the liquid medium, thereby achieving continuous transportation of solid materials. Compared with traditional mechanical transportation methods, liquid-solid two-phase flow transportation has the advantages of high transportation efficiency, high degree of automation, and good sealing performance, making it particularly suitable for scenarios involving the transportation of energetic materials that are highly hazardous or susceptible to external stimuli.

[0003] Solid energetic materials are susceptible to rapid decomposition during transportation due to external stimuli such as friction, collision, and static electricity, releasing large amounts of heat and potentially causing combustion or explosion accidents. To improve the safety of energetic material transportation, current technologies typically involve mixing the solid energetic material with a liquid in a specific ratio to form a slurry-like liquid-solid two-phase flow, which is then transported through pipelines. Since the liquid medium effectively reduces direct friction and collision between particles, it can improve the safety of energetic material transportation to a certain extent.

[0004] However, during liquid-solid two-phase flow transportation, solid particles are easily deposited at the bottom of the pipe, in bends, and at diameter changes due to factors such as gravity, flow velocity variations, and flow field disturbances. When the flow velocity is below the critical deposition velocity, solid particles gradually form a deposition layer at the bottom of the pipe, reducing the effective flow cross-section and increasing flow resistance. In severe cases, this can also cause pipe blockage, accelerated equipment wear, and decreased transportation efficiency. Especially in the transportation of energetic materials, particle deposition not only affects transportation stability but also further increases the risk of local particle aggregation, thus posing significant safety hazards.

[0005] Therefore, accurately obtaining the settling position, settling velocity, sedimentation layer development process, and flow field distribution of solid particles in liquid-solid two-phase flow is of great significance for optimizing the design of liquid-solid two-phase flow transport systems, improving transport stability, and ensuring the safety of transporting energetic materials.

[0006] Currently, research on particle settling in liquid-solid two-phase flows mainly includes numerical simulation and experimental observation. Numerical simulation can analyze particle motion patterns and predict settling states under different operating conditions by establishing flow field models. However, numerical simulation results are highly dependent on model parameters, boundary conditions, and turbulence models, and these parameters usually need to be corrected and verified based on experimental results. Therefore, relying solely on numerical simulation is insufficient to accurately reflect the real settling process in complex liquid-solid two-phase flows.

[0007] In contrast, experimental observation methods can directly obtain the particle motion state and sedimentation law in liquid-solid two-phase flow, making them an important means of studying particle sedimentation mechanisms. However, existing liquid-solid two-phase flow sedimentation experimental devices still have many shortcomings.

[0008] Some existing test systems typically employ a one-pass pipeline structure, meaning that the liquid-solid two-phase flow is directly discharged after passing through the test area, making cyclic transport impossible. This approach not only results in significant waste of both liquid medium and solid particles, but also, due to the limited test duration, makes it difficult to continuously observe the dynamic evolution of particle sedimentation over extended periods, thus affecting the integrity and stability of the test results.

[0009] In addition, existing experimental devices rely on relatively simple methods for observing particle settling processes. Some devices require disassembling the pipeline after the experiment and judging particle settling by weighing or visual inspection, which cannot achieve real-time monitoring of the particle settling process. Although some experimental systems use transparent pipe sections in conjunction with ordinary camera equipment for observation, the circular transparent pipe wall causes light refraction and distortion, which easily leads to deformation of the acquired particle images, thus affecting the accuracy of particle position identification and the accuracy of flow field velocity measurement results.

[0010] Furthermore, existing liquid-solid two-phase flow test systems typically lack the ability to stably control flow rate, pressure, and particle concentration. During long-term continuous tests, particles are prone to settling in the stirred tank, causing continuous changes in the solid content within the system. This makes it difficult to maintain consistent test conditions across different time periods, further affecting the accuracy and repeatability of the test data.

[0011] Meanwhile, some existing test systems can only observe particle sedimentation under single location or single structural conditions, making it difficult to simulate particle deposition behavior under complex conditions such as straight pipe sections, curved pipe sections, and variable diameter areas during industrial transportation. Therefore, they cannot fully reflect the particle sedimentation law in actual liquid-solid two-phase flow transportation systems.

[0012] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a test system and method for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as the inability to conduct continuous cyclic tests, the difficulty in real-time and high-precision observation of particle sedimentation process, insufficient accuracy of flow field measurement, and poor stability of test conditions, so as to achieve continuous, stable, and high-precision observation and analysis of the sedimentation process of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a testing system and method for the experimental analysis of the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, in order to solve the problems of existing liquid-solid two-phase flow sedimentation testing devices, such as difficulty in achieving long-term cyclic observation, inability to obtain real-time high-precision data on particle sedimentation processes, susceptibility of transparent tube section observations to optical distortion, and insufficient stability of experimental conditions. To achieve the above objective, this invention provides the following technical solution: To address the problems of existing liquid-solid two-phase flow sedimentation test devices being unable to achieve long-term cyclic observation, difficulty in real-time and distortion-free observation of particle sedimentation processes, and low accuracy of test data acquisition, this invention provides a test system and method for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, so as to realize real-time observation of sedimentation phenomena, flow field characteristic analysis, and sedimentation law research of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials during pipeline transportation.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a test system for analyzing the sedimentation characteristics and behavior of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials is provided, comprising: The power system includes a mixing tank and a wear-resistant pump; The control system includes a shut-off valve, a throttle valve, an electromagnetic flow meter, a T-type three-way connector, and a diaphragm pressure gauge; The observation pipeline includes a transparent observation tube; and the monitoring system includes a CMOS camera, a high-frequency laser generator, a synchronizer, and a computer acquisition and data processing system. The mixing tank, wear-resistant pump, shut-off valve, throttle valve, electromagnetic flowmeter, T-shaped tee connector, and transparent observation tube are sequentially connected and interconnected. The diaphragm pressure gauge is connected to one interface of the T-shaped tee connector. The outlet of the transparent observation tube is connected back to the mixing tank through a pipeline, forming a loop for the circulation of liquid-solid two-phase flow. The CMOS camera and high-frequency laser generator are both connected to the synchronizer, and the synchronizer is connected to the computer acquisition and data processing system.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the transparent observation tube is made of acrylic material and has a structure consisting of an inner round tube and an outer square tube nested together, with a gap between the inner round tube and the outer square tube. A water inlet is provided on the wall of the outer square tube for injecting liquid into the gap to eliminate optical distortion.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the mixing tank is equipped with an electric mixer and a pressure sensor; the mixing tank is also connected to a solid particle feeding bin; the pressure sensor is used to acquire a pressure signal related to the solid content of the particles in the tank, and to determine whether the solid content is lower than a preset threshold based on the pressure signal; when the solid content is lower than the preset threshold, the outlet of the solid particle feeding bin is opened to replenish solid particles into the mixing tank.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the observation conduit further includes a transparent acrylic bend, and the transparent observation tube includes a transparent acrylic straight tube.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the inner diameter of the transparent observation tube is 50mm to 60mm.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the transparent observation tube is connected to a stainless steel pipe via a reducing connector, wherein the larger diameter end of the reducing connector is connected to the stainless steel pipe and the smaller diameter end is connected to the transparent observation tube; the stainless steel pipe has an inner diameter of 70 mm, a wall thickness of 3 mm, and is made of 304 stainless steel.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the transparent observation tubes are connected by flanges, and rubber sealing gaskets are provided between the flanges; the transparent observation tubes and the return tubes are connected by pipe clamps.

[0021] In one possible implementation, a method for testing the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials is provided, based on the test system for testing the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials as described above, comprising the following steps: Add liquid to the mixing tank, open the shut-off valve and the throttle valve, start the wear-resistant pump, and fill the pipeline with liquid and purge the air from the pipeline. After confirming that the air has been completely expelled, close the shut-off valve and the wear-resistant pump, add solid particles to the mixing tank, and start the electric mixer to stir and form a liquid-solid two-phase mixture. After thorough stirring, reopen the shut-off valve and throttle valve, and start the wear-resistant pump to allow the liquid-solid two-phase mixture to enter the transparent observation tube; Adjust the opening of the throttle valve according to the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter to control the flow in the pipe to the preset operating condition; Once the two-phase flow inside the tube stabilizes, the high-frequency laser generator is activated to emit laser light into the observation area. Simultaneously, the CMOS camera is activated to capture images of the flow and sedimentation of solid particles inside the transparent observation tube. The collected image data is then transmitted in real time to the computer acquisition and data processing system for storage and analysis via a synchronizer. After flowing through the observation pipeline, the liquid-solid two-phase flow returns to the stirring tank through the pipeline, completing one cycle, and the continuous observation test is repeated.

[0022] In one possible implementation, a pressure sensor inside the mixing tank acquires a pressure signal related to the particle solid content in real time, and determines whether the solid content is lower than a preset threshold based on the pressure signal; when the solid content is lower than the preset threshold, the solid particle feeding hopper is automatically opened to replenish solid particles into the mixing tank.

[0023] In one possible implementation, before conducting the observation test, liquid is injected into the gap between the inner circular tube and the outer square tube through a water inlet on the outer wall of the transparent observation tube to eliminate optical distortion.

[0024] Based on the above technical solution, the experimental testing system and method for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials of the present invention constructs a liquid-solid two-phase flow circulation transport loop consisting of a stirring tank, a wear-resistant pump, a control system, and observation pipelines, enabling the liquid and energetic solid particles to circulate in a closed pipeline. Compared with existing one-time pass-through testing devices, the present invention can significantly reduce the consumption of liquid and energetic solid particles, lower the testing cost, and achieve long-term continuous operation. This is beneficial for continuous observation and law analysis of the dynamic evolution process of particle sedimentation in liquid-solid two-phase flow, improving the stability and reliability of the test results.

[0025] Furthermore, this invention, by installing a transparent observation tube in the observation pipeline and combining it with a high-frequency laser generator, a CMOS camera, a synchronizer, and a computer acquisition and data processing system, enables real-time, non-contact observation of the motion trajectory, sedimentation state, and flow field distribution of energetic solid particles inside the transparent observation tube. Compared to traditional methods that rely on stopping the system and disassembling the pipeline for weighing or visual inspection, this invention can acquire the particle sedimentation initiation position, sedimentation layer thickness changes, and particle motion state in real time, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of liquid-solid two-phase flow sedimentation research.

[0026] Furthermore, the transparent observation tube in this invention adopts a double-layer structure formed by an inner circular tube and an outer square tube nested together. Liquid is injected into the gap between the two tubes through a water inlet to eliminate optical refraction and imaging distortion problems caused by laser light passing through the circular tube wall. This effectively improves the clarity and measurement accuracy of images acquired by the CMOS camera, ensuring the accuracy of particle position identification and flow field velocity measurement results, thereby enhancing the reliability of liquid-solid two-phase flow sedimentation law analysis.

[0027] Furthermore, by incorporating an electromagnetic flowmeter, a throttle valve, and a diaphragm pressure gauge, this invention enables real-time monitoring and regulation of the flow rate and pressure of a liquid-solid two-phase flow. Specifically, the electromagnetic flowmeter is used to detect the flow rate of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in real time, the throttle valve is used to regulate the flow velocity within the pipe, and the diaphragm pressure gauge is used to detect pressure changes within the pipeline. This allows for adjustment of the liquid-solid two-phase flow conditions according to different experimental requirements, satisfying the experimental research requirements under different flow velocities, particle sizes, and sedimentation states.

[0028] Furthermore, the mixing tank in this invention is equipped with an electric mixer, which ensures thorough mixing of the liquid and energetic solid particles, preventing premature settling of particles within the tank and guaranteeing a uniform and stable liquid-solid two-phase flow into the pipeline. Simultaneously, this invention also includes a pressure sensor and a solid particle feeding hopper. The pressure sensor acquires pressure signals related to the particle solid content, and pressure changes are used to determine whether the solid content is below a preset threshold. When the solid content decreases, the solid particle feeding hopper automatically opens to replenish particles, thereby maintaining a stable particle concentration in the liquid-solid two-phase flow and improving the consistency of operating conditions and data accuracy during continuous testing.

[0029] Furthermore, the observation pipeline in this invention includes a transparent acrylic straight pipe and a transparent acrylic bend, which can simulate particle settling phenomena under different operating conditions such as straight pipe sections, bends, and diameter change areas during industrial pipeline transportation. By observing the particle settling state at different locations, the flow field changes and particle deposition patterns of liquid-solid two-phase flow in different pipeline structures can be studied, providing experimental basis for the optimized design of liquid-solid two-phase energetic material transportation systems.

[0030] Furthermore, the various pipelines in this invention are connected by flanges, threads, and pipe clamps, which not only ensures the overall sealing of the system but also offers advantages such as convenient disassembly and assembly, easy maintenance, and structural stability. Meanwhile, the transparent observation tube is made of corrosion-resistant acrylic material, making it suitable for various liquid media such as water, oil, and weakly acidic or alkaline liquids. It can also be adapted to liquid-solid two-phase flow experiments involving different types of energetic solid particles, demonstrating good versatility and expandability.

[0031] Furthermore, this invention, through the synchronous operation of a high-frequency laser generator and a CMOS camera, combined with a computer acquisition and data processing system, can further realize PIV velocity measurement and analysis, as well as PTV particle motion analysis. This allows for the acquisition of velocity field distribution, particle trajectory, turbulent fluctuation characteristics, and sedimentation layer variation patterns in liquid-solid two-phase flows. By analyzing the flow field characteristics under different flow velocity conditions, the sedimentation mechanism of energetic materials in liquid-solid two-phase flows under different transport conditions can be revealed, providing technical support for the safe transport of energetic materials and optimized pipeline design. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a test system for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transparent observation tube structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring tank structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the experimental testing method for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cloud map showing the average velocity field distribution of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid-solid two-phase flow particle deposition flow pattern in an embodiment of the present invention; The following are the annotations in the attached diagram: 1-Agitator tank; 2-Wear-resistant pump; 3-Stop valve; 4-Throttle valve; 5-Electromagnetic flowmeter; 6-T-type tee connector; 7-Diaphragm pressure gauge; 8-Reducing connector; 9-Computer acquisition and data processing system; 10-CMOS camera; 11-High-frequency laser generator; 12-Transparent observation tube; 13-Synchronizer; 14-Water pipe clamp; 15-PVC water pipe; 16-Water inlet of transparent observation tube; 17-Flange of transparent observation tube; 18-Solid particle feeding bin; 19-Water tank stop valve; 20-Electric mixer; 21-Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. Those skilled in the art, after reading this specification, can make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the inventive concept, and such improvements and modifications should also fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

[0036] In addition, for ease of description, this specification uses directional or positional descriptions for some structures, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "inner," and "outer," which are only used to illustrate the relative positional relationships in the accompanying drawings and are not intended to limit the specific structural form of the present invention.

[0037] The experimental testing system for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials provided in this invention is mainly used to study the sedimentation, suspension, resuspension, and flow field evolution laws of particles during liquid-solid two-phase flow transport. By constructing a circulating transport loop and combining it with a transparent observation tube, a high-frequency laser velocimetry system, and an image synchronous acquisition system, real-time, high-precision, and long-term continuous observation of the sedimentation process of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials can be achieved.

[0038] The following is combined with Figures 1-6 The present invention provides a detailed description of the system structure, installation method, test method, flow field velocity measurement method, and particle sedimentation law analysis process in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0039] I. System Overall Structure and Implementation Method like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a test system for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials. The system is used to conduct experimental observation and data analysis on the flow state, sedimentation position, sedimentation layer changes and sedimentation laws of energetic solid particles in liquid-solid two-phase flow during pipeline transportation.

[0040] The experimental testing system includes a power system, a control system, observation pipelines, and a monitoring system. The power system provides circulating power for the liquid-solid two-phase flow; the control system controls the start and stop of the pipeline, regulates the flow rate, and monitors the pipeline pressure; the observation pipeline forms the flow channel for the liquid-solid two-phase flow and provides a visual observation area; the monitoring system acquires images of the movement of solid particles inside the transparent observation tube and synchronously transmits, stores, and analyzes the acquired data.

[0041] Specifically, the power system includes a stirring tank 1 and a wear-resistant pump 2. The stirring tank 1 is used to contain the liquid medium and energetic solid particles, and the liquid medium and energetic solid particles are mixed by stirring to form a liquid-solid two-phase mixture. The wear-resistant pump 2 is connected to the stirring tank 1 and is used to extract the liquid-solid two-phase mixture from the stirring tank 1 and deliver it to the subsequent pipeline, thereby providing power for the circulation of the liquid-solid two-phase flow throughout the test system.

[0042] The control system includes a shut-off valve 3, a throttle valve 4, an electromagnetic flowmeter 5, a T-shaped tee connector 6, and a diaphragm pressure gauge 7. The shut-off valve 3 is located downstream of the wear-resistant pump 2 and is used to control the flow of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in the pipeline. The throttle valve 4 is located downstream of the shut-off valve 3 and is used to regulate the flow rate of the liquid-solid two-phase flow. The electromagnetic flowmeter 5 is located downstream of the throttle valve 4 and is used to monitor the flow rate of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in the pipeline in real time. The T-shaped tee connector 6 connects the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 to the downstream pipeline, and the diaphragm pressure gauge 7 is connected to one port of the T-shaped tee connector 6 to monitor the pressure of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in the pipeline.

[0043] The observation pipeline includes stainless steel pipes, a reducer 8, a transparent observation tube 12, and a PVC water pipe 15. The mixing tank 1, wear-resistant pump 2, shut-off valve 3, throttle valve 4, electromagnetic flowmeter 5, T-type tee connector 6, reducer 8, and transparent observation tube 12 are connected and interconnected in sequence. The outlet of the transparent observation tube 12 is connected back to the mixing tank 1 via the PVC water pipe 15, allowing the liquid-solid two-phase flow to return to the mixing tank 1 after flowing through the transparent observation tube 12, thus forming a closed loop for the circulation of the liquid-solid two-phase flow. Through this circulation loop, the liquid medium and energetic solid particles can be repeatedly used during the experiment, avoiding the waste caused by one-time discharge, and enabling long-term continuous sedimentation observation experiments.

[0044] A transparent observation tube 12 is installed in the observation pipeline to provide a visual observation area. After the liquid-solid two-phase flow enters the transparent observation tube 12, the suspension, rolling, settling, deposition, and resuspension processes of energetic solid particles within the tube can all be observed through the transparent tube wall. By installing transparent observation tubes 12 in different pipe sections, the particle settling state at different locations can be compared, thereby analyzing the settling variation law of the liquid-solid two-phase flow during the pipeline transport process.

[0045] The monitoring system includes a CMOS camera 10, a high-frequency laser generator 11, a synchronizer 13, and a computer acquisition and data processing system 9. The high-frequency laser generator 11 is positioned above the transparent observation tube 12 and emits high-frequency laser light into the observation area within the tube to enhance the identifiability of particle images. The CMOS camera 10 is positioned radially within the transparent observation tube 12 to capture the motion of energetic solid particles within it. Both the CMOS camera 10 and the high-frequency laser generator 11 are connected to the synchronizer 13, which in turn is connected to the computer acquisition and data processing system 9, thereby achieving synchronized control of the image acquisition signal and the laser illumination signal.

[0046] During the experiment, once the liquid-solid two-phase flow reached a stable state within the transparent observation tube 12, the high-frequency laser generator 11 emitted a laser beam towards the observation area. Simultaneously, the CMOS camera 10 acquired images of the solid particles' motion and transmitted the acquired data to the computer acquisition and data processing system 9 via the synchronizer 13. The computer acquisition and data processing system 9 stored and processed the image data to obtain information such as particle trajectory, sedimentation state, sediment layer distribution, and flow field characteristics.

[0047] With the above structure, the experimental testing system of this embodiment can realize the circulation, flow regulation, pressure monitoring, real-time observation, and data analysis of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials in pipelines. This system can not only simulate the flow and sedimentation state of energetic solid particles during actual pipeline transportation, but also continuously observe and analyze the particle sedimentation patterns under different flow velocities, observation locations, and pipeline structure conditions.

[0048] II. Implementation Method of Transparent Observation Tube like Figure 2 As shown, the transparent observation tube 12 in this embodiment is installed in the observation pipeline and is used to perform real-time visual observation of the motion state, sedimentation process and flow field distribution of energetic solid particles in the liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0049] Unlike traditional single-layer transparent circular tube structures, the transparent observation tube 12 in this embodiment adopts a double-layer transparent structure, including an inner circular tube and an outer square tube. The inner circular tube is used for liquid-solid two-phase flow, and the outer square tube is sleeved on the outside of the inner circular tube, forming a closed gap between the inner circular tube and the outer square tube.

[0050] In this embodiment, the inner circular tube is preferably made of transparent acrylic material, which has high transparency and good corrosion resistance, making it suitable for various liquid media environments such as water, oil, and weakly acidic or alkaline liquids. Simultaneously, acrylic material also possesses good mechanical strength, meeting the structural strength requirements of the pipeline during liquid-solid two-phase flow circulation.

[0051] Furthermore, the inner circular tube of the transparent observation tube 12 is preferably cylindrical. Because the circular transparent tube wall causes light to refract as it passes through, it can easily lead to positional shifts and shape distortions in the acquired particle images, thus affecting the accuracy of particle trajectory recognition and flow field measurement. Therefore, this embodiment constructs a double-layer transparent observation structure by setting a square transparent outer tube around the inner circular tube.

[0052] Specifically, a gap region is formed between the outer square tube and the inner round tube. Since the outer surface of the square outer tube has a planar structure, the secondary refraction of light passing through the observation area can be reduced, thereby reducing the degree of image distortion.

[0053] Furthermore, a transparent observation tube water inlet 16 is provided on the side wall of the outer square tube. Liquid can be injected into the gap between the inner circular tube and the outer square tube through the transparent observation tube water inlet 16. In this embodiment, the injected liquid is preferably water or a transparent liquid with a refractive index close to that of the internal fluid.

[0054] After the liquid injection is completed, a uniform liquid layer is formed between the outer wall of the inner circular tube and the inner wall of the outer square tube. Since this liquid layer can reduce the refraction effect caused by light propagating between different media interfaces, it can effectively eliminate the optical distortion problem caused by the circular tube wall and improve the realism and clarity of the images acquired by the CMOS camera 10.

[0055] Furthermore, after the liquid injection is completed, a rubber stopper or sealing plug can be used to seal the water injection port 16 of the transparent observation tube to prevent liquid leakage and ensure the stability of the liquid inside the gap during the observation process.

[0056] In this embodiment, the transparent observation tube 12 preferably adopts a modular connection structure. Specifically, adjacent transparent observation tubes 12 are connected by transparent observation tube flanges 17, and rubber sealing gaskets are provided between the flanges to improve the sealing performance at the connection and prevent leakage of liquid-solid two-phase flow during circulation.

[0057] Furthermore, the transparent observation tube 12 is connected to the PVC water pipe 15 via a pipe clamp 14. This clamp connection method not only facilitates installation but also improves system assembly and disassembly efficiency, making future maintenance and replacement of the transparent observation tube easier.

[0058] In some embodiments, the transparent observation tube 12 is connected to a stainless steel pipe via a reducing connector 8. The larger diameter end of the reducing connector 8 is connected to the stainless steel pipe, and the smaller diameter end is connected to the transparent observation tube 12, thereby achieving a smooth transition between different pipe diameters and reducing local flow disturbances in the connection area caused by the liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0059] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the transparent observation tube 12 is preferably 50mm to 60mm. Within this size range, the flow space requirements of the liquid-solid two-phase flow can be met, while also ensuring the observability of particle sedimentation. At the same time, this size range is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the CMOS camera 10 in recognizing particle motion trajectories.

[0060] In this embodiment, a support structure is provided below the transparent observation tube 12 to improve its stability. Preferably, multiple supports are provided below each section of the transparent observation tube 12 to reduce the impact of vibration generated during the liquid-solid two-phase flow and ensure the stability of image acquisition.

[0061] Furthermore, the transparent observation tube 12 in this embodiment can not only be used for flow field observation in straight pipe sections, but also in combination with a transparent acrylic bend tube to study particle settling behavior, flow field disturbance characteristics and particle resuspension phenomenon in the bend region of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0062] With the above structure, the transparent observation tube 12 in this embodiment can achieve real-time, high-precision, and low-distortion observation of the particle sedimentation process while ensuring the normal transport of the liquid-solid two-phase flow. Compared with the traditional single-layer transparent tube structure, this embodiment can effectively improve the accuracy of particle position identification and flow field measurement, thereby providing reliable experimental conditions for the study of the sedimentation law of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0063] III. Implementation Method of the Mixing Water Tank like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the stirring tank 1 is located at the front end of the entire liquid-solid two-phase energetic material sedimentation test system. It is used to store liquid media and energetic solid particles and to form a uniform and stable liquid-solid two-phase mixture.

[0064] Specifically, the mixing tank 1 is connected to the wear-resistant pump 2. After the liquid-solid two-phase mixture is formed inside the mixing tank 1, it is drawn into the subsequent pipeline system by the wear-resistant pump 2 for circulation. During the test, the liquid-solid two-phase mixture flows through the transparent observation tube 12 and then returns to the mixing tank 1 through the PVC water pipe 15, thus forming a closed loop.

[0065] Furthermore, an electric mixer 20 is installed inside the mixing tank 1. The electric mixer 20 is used to continuously stir the liquid medium and energetic solid particles to prevent the solid particles from settling prematurely at the bottom of the mixing tank 1.

[0066] In this embodiment, the electric mixer 20 is preferably an adjustable speed mixing structure. The operator can adjust the mixing speed according to different particle sizes, particle densities, and liquid phase medium characteristics, thereby keeping the liquid-solid two-phase mixture in a uniform and stable state.

[0067] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the maximum stirring speed of the electric stirrer 20 can reach 600 r / min. By adjusting the stirring speed, the dispersion uniformity of energetic solid particles in the liquid can be improved, the probability of particle agglomeration can be reduced, thereby improving the stability and repeatability of subsequent sedimentation observation tests.

[0068] In this embodiment, a water tank shut-off valve 19 is provided on the stirring water tank 1. The water tank shut-off valve 19 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the stirring water tank 1 and the subsequent pipelines, thereby facilitating system liquid injection and venting before the test and system maintenance after the test.

[0069] Furthermore, a solid particle feeding bin 18 is connected to the top of the mixing tank 1. The solid particle feeding bin 18 is used to replenish energetic solid particles into the mixing tank 1 during the experiment.

[0070] During long-term circulation of liquid-solid two-phase flow, some particles may adhere to the pipe wall, deposit in local areas, or be lost during sampling, thus the solid content within the system may gradually decrease. Significant changes in the solid content will affect the consistency of experimental results regarding the sedimentation patterns of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0071] To address the aforementioned issues, a pressure sensor 21 is further installed inside the mixing tank 1 in this embodiment. The pressure sensor 21 is used to acquire pressure signals related to the particle solids content inside the mixing tank 1.

[0072] Specifically, when the particle concentration inside the mixing tank 1 changes, the overall density of the liquid-solid two-phase mixture also changes, leading to a change in the pressure signal. By analyzing the pressure signal, it can be indirectly determined whether the particle solid content in the current liquid-solid two-phase flow is lower than a preset threshold.

[0073] Furthermore, when the pressure sensor 21 detects that the particle solid content is lower than the preset value, it can control the solid particle feeding hopper 18 to open automatically, so that the energetic solid particles can enter the mixing tank 1, thereby realizing automatic feeding.

[0074] The above-mentioned automatic feeding structure can maintain a stable particle concentration in the liquid-solid two-phase flow during long-term continuous testing, reduce test errors caused by changes in particle concentration, and improve data consistency and repeatability between different test stages.

[0075] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the stirring tank 1 is preferably made of corrosion-resistant metal material to meet the requirements of long-term cyclic testing under different liquid phase media conditions. Simultaneously, a flow guiding structure can be installed inside the stirring tank 1 as needed to reduce particle deposition in local dead zones and improve particle mixing uniformity.

[0076] In some embodiments, a drain or slag outlet may be provided at the bottom of the stirring tank 1 to facilitate the cleaning of residual liquid and particles inside the system after the test.

[0077] Furthermore, before the experiment begins, a predetermined amount of liquid is first added to the mixing tank 1; then the electric mixer 20 is started and energetic solid particles are added to fully mix the liquid and solid particles to form a uniform liquid-solid two-phase mixture; then the wear-resistant pump 2 is started to allow the liquid-solid two-phase mixture to flow into the observation pipeline for circulation and sedimentation observation experiments.

[0078] With the above structure, the stirring tank 1 in this embodiment can not only achieve uniform mixing and stable supply of liquid-solid two-phase flow, but also achieve automatic solid content adjustment in combination with pressure sensor 21 and solid particle feeding bin 18, thereby effectively improving the continuity, stability and measurement accuracy of liquid-solid two-phase flow sedimentation test.

[0079] IV. System Installation and Implementation Methods In this embodiment, in order to ensure the stable operation of the liquid-solid two-phase energetic material sedimentation test system and improve the sealing, vibration resistance and observation stability during the liquid-solid two-phase flow transport process, the overall installation structure of the system was optimized.

[0080] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the entire test system includes, in sequence according to the flow direction of the liquid-solid two-phase flow, a stirring water tank 1, a wear-resistant pump 2, a shut-off valve 3, a throttle valve 4, an electromagnetic flowmeter 5, a T-type tee connector 6, a reducing connector 8, a transparent observation tube 12, and a PVC water pipe 15. The components are connected in sequence to form a complete closed loop.

[0081] 1. Piping installation structure In this embodiment, the main power transmission pipeline is preferably made of 304 stainless steel. 304 stainless steel has high mechanical strength, good corrosion resistance, and good wear resistance, and can adapt to long-term circulating transportation conditions of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0082] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the stainless steel pipe is preferably 70 mm, and the wall thickness is preferably 3 mm. These dimensions can meet the flow rate requirements of liquid-solid two-phase flow and reduce the erosion and wear on the pipe wall during particle transport.

[0083] Specifically, the outlet end of the wear-resistant pump 2 is connected to a stainless steel pipeline via a flange. The shut-off valve 3, the throttle valve 4, and the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 are all installed in the main pipeline using flange connections.

[0084] The advantages of using a flange connection structure are as follows: (1) The connection strength is high and can withstand the pressure fluctuations during the liquid-solid two-phase flow circulation process; (2) Facilitates later disassembly and maintenance; (3) It helps improve the overall sealing performance of the system; (4) It can reduce the risk of connection loosening caused by vibration.

[0085] Furthermore, sealing gaskets are provided between each flange connection point. Preferably, the sealing gaskets are rubber gaskets or 304 stainless steel gaskets to improve the sealing performance of the flange connection and prevent leakage of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0086] 2. T-shaped tee connection structure In this embodiment, the rear end of the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 is connected to a T-shaped tee connector 6.

[0087] One of the T-shaped tee connectors 6 is connected to the subsequent main pipeline, and the other is connected to the diaphragm pressure gauge 7.

[0088] This structure allows for real-time monitoring of the internal pressure of the pipeline without affecting the normal transport of the liquid-solid two-phase flow in the main pipeline.

[0089] Furthermore, the diaphragm pressure gauge 7 preferably adopts a wear-resistant and vibration-resistant structure to adapt to particle pulsation and pump body vibration conditions in liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0090] 3. Reducing joint installation structure In this embodiment, the main pipeline and the transparent observation tube 12 are connected by a reducing connector 8.

[0091] Specifically, the large-diameter end of the reducing connector 8 is connected to the stainless steel main pipeline, and the small-diameter end is connected to the transparent observation tube 12.

[0092] Since there is a difference in pipe diameter between the main pipeline and the transparent observation tube 12, a smooth transition of the flow channel is achieved through the reducing joint 8 to reduce local flow field disturbance and particle impact.

[0093] Furthermore, a threaded connection is preferably used between the reducing connector 8 and the transparent observation tube 12.

[0094] During installation, PTFE tape can be wrapped around the threaded connection to improve the seal and prevent liquid leakage.

[0095] 4. Transparent observation tube mounting structure like Figure 2 As shown, the transparent observation tubes 12 are connected by transparent observation tube flanges 17.

[0096] Specifically, flange structures are provided at the ends of adjacent transparent observation tubes 12, and rubber sealing gaskets are provided between the flanges, which are then tightened with bolts to form a sealed connection.

[0097] This structure not only improves the overall sealing performance of the transparent observation area, but also facilitates the combination, installation, and replacement of transparent observation tubes 12 of different lengths.

[0098] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a support structure is provided below the transparent observation tube 12.

[0099] Since the transparent observation tube 12 is relatively long and certain vibrations will occur during the liquid-solid two-phase flow, the vibration of the pipeline can be reduced and the observation stability can be improved by setting up a support structure.

[0100] Preferably, multiple supports are provided below each transparent observation tube 12, and the supports are evenly spaced.

[0101] Furthermore, the support can be made of vibration-damping materials or rubber buffer structures to reduce the impact of vibration generated during the operation of the wear-resistant pump 2 on image acquisition.

[0102] 5. Return pipe installation structure In this embodiment, the outlet end of the transparent observation tube 12 is connected back to the mixing water tank 1 via a PVC water pipe 15.

[0103] The PVC water pipe 15 and the transparent observation tube 12 are connected by a water pipe clamp 14.

[0104] Using PVC water pipes (15) has the following advantages: (1) Flexible installation; (2) Lightweight; (3) Lower cost; (4) It can meet the low-pressure transmission requirements of the return section.

[0105] Furthermore, the pipe clamp 14 is used to clamp and fix the PVC water pipe 15, thereby improving the connection stability and preventing loosening during the backflow process.

[0106] 6. System support and vibration damping structure In this embodiment, in order to reduce the impact of mechanical vibration generated during the operation of the wear-resistant pump 2 on the test results, a vibration-damping connection structure can be provided between the mixing tank 1 and the wear-resistant pump 2.

[0107] Preferably, a vibration-damping flexible connection or a vibration-damping flange structure is used.

[0108] Furthermore, the entire test platform can be installed on a steel structure support platform, and vibration damping pads can be installed at the bottom of the platform to reduce external vibration interference.

[0109] 7. System sealing and safety structure Since this embodiment involves a liquid-solid two-phase energetic material transport test, the overall sealing performance of the system is particularly important.

[0110] In this embodiment, all flange connection locations, threaded connection locations, and pipe clamp connection locations are sealed to prevent leakage of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0111] Furthermore, the transparent observation tube 12 is made of corrosion-resistant transparent acrylic material, which not only meets the requirements for high transparency observation, but also reduces the risk of electrostatic accumulation during the transport of energetic particles.

[0112] Through the above-described system installation structure, this embodiment can ensure the stable operation of the liquid-solid two-phase energetic material sedimentation test system under long-term cyclic transport conditions, while improving the overall sealing performance, vibration resistance, and observation stability of the system, providing a reliable hardware foundation for subsequent liquid-solid two-phase flow sedimentation law tests.

[0113] V. Experimental Methods and Implementation like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides an experimental testing method based on the above-mentioned experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, which is used to continuously observe and analyze the sedimentation state, flow field distribution and particle motion law of energetic solid particles in liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0114] The experimental method in this embodiment mainly includes steps such as system initialization, liquid-solid mixing, circulating transport, flow rate adjustment, image acquisition, data processing, and continuous cyclic observation.

[0115] 1. System Initialization Steps Before the experiment begins, a predetermined amount of liquid medium is added into the mixing tank 1.

[0116] In this embodiment, the liquid medium can be water, oil, or a weakly acidic or alkaline liquid. Operators can select the appropriate liquid medium based on the characteristics of different energetic solid particles and experimental requirements.

[0117] After the liquid injection is completed, open the water tank shut-off valve 19, shut-off valve 3 and throttle valve 4, and start the wear-resistant pump 2.

[0118] After the wear-resistant pump 2 is started, the liquid medium flows into the entire observation pipeline system along the stainless steel pipe, so that the liquid gradually fills the entire pipeline.

[0119] During the liquid flow process, the air inside the pipe will be gradually expelled.

[0120] Furthermore, the air bubble situation inside the pipeline can be observed in real time through the transparent observation tube 12. When there is no obvious air bubble flow inside the transparent observation tube 12, it can be determined that the air inside the system has been basically purged.

[0121] After purging the air, close the shut-off valve 3 and stop the wear-resistant pump 2 to complete the system initialization steps.

[0122] By performing the pre-filling and venting operations described above, flow field instability or image acquisition errors caused by air disturbances can be avoided during subsequent experiments.

[0123] 2. Liquid-solid mixing step After system initialization is completed, add a predetermined mass of energetic solid particles into the mixing tank 1.

[0124] In this embodiment, the particle size of the energetic solid particles is preferably 40 μm to 500 μm.

[0125] Furthermore, the electric mixer 20 is started to fully mix the liquid medium with the energetic solid particles to form a homogeneous liquid-solid two-phase mixture.

[0126] The electric mixer 20 can adjust the mixing speed according to different particle sizes, particle densities and liquid viscosities.

[0127] Preferably, the maximum stirring speed of the electric mixer 20 can reach 600 r / min.

[0128] During the mixing process, the electric mixer 20 continuously circulates and agitates the liquid and particles to prevent the particles from settling prematurely at the bottom of the mixing tank 1.

[0129] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the pressure sensor 21 acquires pressure signals related to particle solid content in real time, and determines whether the current solid content is lower than a preset threshold based on pressure changes.

[0130] When the solid content decreases, the solid particle feeding hopper 18 is automatically opened to replenish energetic solid particles into the mixing tank 1, thereby ensuring the stability of the liquid-solid two-phase flow concentration.

[0131] 3. Circulating conveying steps After the liquid-solid mixture is stirred evenly, reopen the shut-off valve 3 and the throttle valve 4, and start the wear-resistant pump 2.

[0132] The wear-resistant pump 2 extracts the liquid-solid two-phase mixture inside the mixing tank 1 and delivers it to the subsequent observation pipeline.

[0133] The liquid-solid two-phase flow passes sequentially through the shut-off valve 3, the throttle valve 4, the electromagnetic flowmeter 5, the T-type tee connector 6, the reducing connector 8, and the transparent observation tube 12.

[0134] Furthermore, after the observation is completed, the liquid-solid two-phase flow flows back to the mixing tank 1 through the PVC water pipe 15, thus forming a circulating transport loop.

[0135] The above-mentioned circulating conveying structure can realize long-term continuous circulating flow of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0136] Compared to traditional single-pass test systems, this embodiment can reduce liquid and particle consumption and enable long-term continuous sedimentation observation tests.

[0137] 4. Flow rate adjustment steps During the liquid-solid two-phase flow circulation process, the current pipeline flow rate is monitored in real time by electromagnetic flowmeter 5.

[0138] Furthermore, the opening of the throttle valve 4 is adjusted according to the test conditions to control the flow rate of the liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0139] In this embodiment, different flow rate conditions can be set according to different test requirements.

[0140] Preferably, the test flow rate range can be set to 0.6 m / s to 1.8 m / s.

[0141] Furthermore, in some embodiments, when the flow rate is low, the liquid-solid two-phase flow is mainly in a laminar state, and particles are prone to deposit at the bottom of the pipe; as the flow rate gradually increases, the flow field gradually transitions from a laminar state to a turbulent state, the particle suspension capacity is enhanced, and the sedimentation phenomenon is weakened.

[0142] Meanwhile, the pressure changes inside the pipeline can be monitored in real time through the diaphragm pressure gauge 7, thereby determining whether the system is operating stably.

[0143] 5. Optical observation steps Before formal image acquisition, transparent liquid is first injected into the gap between the inner round tube and the outer square tube through the water inlet 16 of the transparent observation tube.

[0144] The above-described liquid injection procedure can eliminate optical refraction and image distortion problems caused by the circular transparent tube wall.

[0145] After the injection is completed, the high-frequency laser generator 11 is started.

[0146] The high-frequency laser generator 11 emits a high-frequency laser into the transparent observation area, thereby forming a laser illumination area for particle observation.

[0147] Furthermore, the CMOS camera 10 is activated to continuously capture images of the liquid-solid two-phase flow state inside the transparent observation tube 12.

[0148] In this embodiment, the CMOS camera 10 can adjust the shooting frame rate according to different flow rate conditions.

[0149] For example: When the flow rate is 0.6m / s to 0.8m / s, the preferred frame rate for the CMOS camera 10 is 1000fps. When the flow rate is 1.0m / s to 1.5m / s, the preferred frame rate for the CMOS camera 10 is 1500fps to 2000fps. When the flow rate reaches 1.8 m / s, the preferred frame rate for the CMOS camera 10 is 2500 fps.

[0150] Furthermore, both the CMOS camera 10 and the high-frequency laser generator 11 are connected to the synchronizer 13.

[0151] Synchronizer 13 is used to synchronize laser emission and image acquisition, thereby improving the accuracy of particle motion trajectory recognition.

[0152] 6. Data Acquisition and Processing Steps During image acquisition, synchronizer 13 transmits the image data acquired by CMOS camera 10 to computer acquisition and data processing system 9 in real time.

[0153] The computer acquisition and data processing system 9 stores, processes, and analyzes image data.

[0154] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the PIV velocimetry analysis method can be used to obtain the velocity field distribution of the liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0155] By analyzing the changes in particle displacement at different times, the axial velocity, transverse velocity, and turbulence fluctuations in the liquid-solid two-phase flow can be obtained.

[0156] Furthermore, the PTV particle tracking method can be used to analyze particle motion trajectories and sedimentation patterns.

[0157] By analyzing the thickness of the particle deposition layer, the particle aggregation state, and the particle resuspension process, the sedimentation characteristics of liquid-solid two-phase flow under different working conditions can be obtained.

[0158] 7. Continuous Cyclic Observation Procedure After passing through the transparent observation tube 12, the liquid-solid two-phase flow returns to the mixing tank 1 through the PVC water pipe 15.

[0159] Subsequently, the liquid-solid two-phase flow is drawn out again by the wear-resistant pump 2 and enters the observation pipeline, thus forming a continuous cycle.

[0160] By repeating the above-mentioned cyclical transport, image acquisition, and data analysis process, long-term continuous settlement observation experiments can be achieved.

[0161] Furthermore, in some embodiments, flow field observations can be performed at both the first and second observation points.

[0162] in: The first observation point is preferably located approximately 6.5m from the outlet of the wear-resistant pump 2; The second observation point is preferably located at a distance of approximately 14.55m from the outlet of the wear-resistant pump 2.

[0163] By comparing the flow field characteristics at different observation locations, the attenuation law of flow field disturbance and the evolution law of particle sedimentation during the flow transport of liquid-solid two-phase flow can be analyzed.

[0164] Through the above experimental methods, this embodiment can achieve continuous, high-precision, and low-distortion observation of the sedimentation process of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, and can provide reliable experimental data for the study of the transport law of liquid-solid two-phase flow and the safe transport of energetic materials.

[0165] VI. Implementation Method of PIV Speed ​​Measurement In this embodiment, in order to obtain the flow field distribution characteristics and particle motion state of the liquid-solid two-phase flow inside the transparent observation tube 12, the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) velocimetry method can be used to perform velocity analysis on the liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0166] PIV velocimetry is a non-contact flow field measurement technique based on tracer particle motion image analysis. It can obtain the velocity field distribution, turbulent fluctuations, and flow structure characteristics in liquid-solid two-phase flow by continuously acquiring particle motion images and analyzing the particle displacement changes at adjacent time points.

[0167] In this embodiment, the PIV velocity measurement system mainly includes a high-frequency laser generator 11, a CMOS camera 10, a synchronizer 13, and a computer acquisition and data processing system 9.

[0168] The high-frequency laser generator 11 is positioned above the transparent observation tube 12 and is used to emit high-frequency lasers into the transparent observation area.

[0169] Furthermore, the laser emitted by the high-frequency laser generator 11 is expanded to form a sheet-like laser source, thereby creating a two-dimensional laser illumination area inside the transparent observation tube 12.

[0170] When solid particles in a liquid-solid two-phase flow pass through a laser-illuminated area, they scatter the laser light, thus forming a particle image.

[0171] The CMOS camera 10 is positioned radially in the transparent observation tube 12 for continuously acquiring images of particle motion.

[0172] Furthermore, both the CMOS camera 10 and the high-frequency laser generator 11 are connected to the synchronizer 13.

[0173] Synchronizer 13 is used to control the laser pulse emission time to synchronize with the exposure time of CMOS camera 10, thereby ensuring a stable time interval between continuously acquired images and improving speed measurement accuracy.

[0174] In this embodiment, the computer acquisition and data processing system 9 processes the continuous particle images acquired by the CMOS camera 10.

[0175] Specifically, by performing cross-correlation analysis on the particle displacements in two adjacent frames, the displacement of the particles within a set time interval can be calculated.

[0176] Furthermore, based on the particle displacement and the image acquisition time interval, instantaneous velocity information at each location in the liquid-solid two-phase flow can be obtained, thereby forming a two-dimensional velocity field distribution.

[0177] In this embodiment, the axial velocity distribution and the transverse velocity distribution in the liquid-solid two-phase flow can be obtained respectively.

[0178] in: Axial velocity is used to reflect the flow state of liquid-solid two-phase flow along the pipe direction; Lateral velocity is used to reflect lateral disturbances and turbulent fluctuations in liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0179] Furthermore, by statistically averaging the velocity field data at different times, a cloud map of the average velocity field distribution of the liquid-solid two-phase flow can be obtained.

[0180] The average velocity field distribution cloud map can be used to analyze the core flow region, boundary layer region, and velocity gradient changes in liquid-solid two-phase flow under different flow velocity conditions.

[0181] In some embodiments, when the liquid phase flow velocity is 0.6 m / s, the liquid-solid two-phase flow is in a laminar state.

[0182] At this point, the velocity field distribution exhibits a typical parabolic shape, with higher velocities in the core region and gradually decreasing velocities near the pipe wall.

[0183] Furthermore, the smaller transverse velocity component indicates that the transverse turbulent fluctuations in the liquid-solid two-phase flow are weak, and the flow field is mainly dominated by axial transport.

[0184] As the liquid phase velocity gradually increases to 0.8 m / s to 1.0 m / s, the liquid-solid two-phase flow gradually evolves from a laminar flow state to a transitional flow state.

[0185] At this point, localized micro-turbulent structures begin to appear in the flow field, the transverse velocity component gradually increases, and localized fluctuation regions appear in the velocity field.

[0186] Furthermore, when the liquid phase velocity increases to 1.2 m / s to 1.8 m / s, the liquid-solid two-phase flow enters a distinct turbulent state.

[0187] At this point, the core region of the velocity field gradually expands, the boundary layer thickness decreases, the transverse velocity fluctuations are significantly enhanced, and a large number of small-scale turbulent vortex structures appear in the flow field.

[0188] PIV velocity analysis can be used to further study the evolution of the flow field in liquid-solid two-phase flow under different flow velocity conditions.

[0189] In some embodiments, speed measurement analysis can be performed at both the first observation point and the second observation point.

[0190] in: The first observation point is preferably located approximately 6.5m from the outlet of the wear-resistant pump 2; The second observation point is preferably located at a distance of approximately 14.55m from the outlet of the wear-resistant pump 2.

[0191] Since the first observation point is close to the wear-resistant pump 2, the liquid-solid two-phase flow is easily affected by the pump body disturbance, and there are obvious velocity fluctuations and turbulent pulsations in the flow field.

[0192] At the second observation point, after the liquid-solid two-phase flow has been transported over a longer distance, the local disturbances gradually decrease, the flow field gradually becomes more stable, and the velocity distribution becomes more uniform.

[0193] Furthermore, by comparing the velocity field distribution at different observation points, the flow field development law and disturbance attenuation law during the flow transport of liquid-solid two-phase flow can be studied.

[0194] In this embodiment, the boundary layer changes in the liquid-solid two-phase flow can also be analyzed using PIV velocity measurement results.

[0195] When the flow velocity is low, the boundary layer thickness is large and the velocity gradient is gentle. As the flow rate increases, the boundary layer gradually thins, and the velocity gradient near the pipe wall gradually increases.

[0196] Furthermore, under high flow velocity conditions, due to strong turbulent mixing, the velocity distribution in the core region gradually becomes more uniform and exhibits a typical "flat" velocity distribution characteristic.

[0197] Through the above-described PIV velocity measurement implementation method, this embodiment can achieve high-precision, non-contact measurement of the internal velocity field of liquid-solid two-phase flow, thereby obtaining the velocity distribution, turbulence structure, and flow field evolution law in liquid-solid two-phase flow, providing reliable experimental basis for the study of sedimentation mechanism of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials and the optimized design of transport system.

[0198] VII. Implementation Method of PTV Particle Tracking In this embodiment, to further study the motion trajectory, sedimentation behavior, and particle deposition evolution of energetic solid particles in liquid-solid two-phase flow, the PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry) method can be used to analyze the particle motion state in liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0199] PTV particle tracking is a non-contact measurement method based on particle image recognition and motion trajectory tracking. It obtains information such as particle motion trajectory, particle velocity, and particle settling state by identifying and matching the positional changes of individual particles in continuous images.

[0200] Unlike the PIV velocimetry method, which mainly obtains the overall flow field velocity distribution, the PTV particle tracking method focuses more on the analysis of the motion state of individual particles or local particle groups. Therefore, it can more accurately reflect the particle settling law and particle transport characteristics in liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0201] In this embodiment, the PTV particle tracking system mainly includes a high-frequency laser generator 11, a CMOS camera 10, a synchronizer 13, and a computer acquisition and data processing system 9.

[0202] Among them, the high-frequency laser generator 11 is used to provide laser illumination to the observation area inside the transparent observation tube 12; the CMOS camera 10 is used to continuously capture images of particle motion in the liquid-solid two-phase flow; the synchronizer 13 is used to synchronize image acquisition with laser illumination; and the computer acquisition and data processing system 9 is used to identify and analyze the particle motion images.

[0203] Furthermore, before conducting the PTV particle tracking test, a transparent liquid is first injected into the gap between the inner circular tube and the outer square tube through the water inlet 16 of the transparent observation tube to reduce optical refraction and image distortion caused by the circular tube wall.

[0204] Then, the high-frequency laser generator 11 and the CMOS camera 10 are activated to continuously capture images of the particle motion state inside the transparent observation tube 12.

[0205] In this embodiment, the CMOS camera 10 preferably adopts a high-speed camera structure to improve the accuracy of particle motion trajectory recognition.

[0206] Furthermore, the frame rate of the CMOS camera 10 can be adjusted according to different flow rate conditions.

[0207] For example: When the liquid flow rate is low, a shooting frame rate of 1000fps can be used; When the flow rate increases to a high flow rate, a shooting frame rate of 1500fps to 2500fps can be used to ensure that high-speed moving particles can be clearly captured.

[0208] During image acquisition, particles in the liquid-solid two-phase flow form a bright particle image within the laser illumination area.

[0209] The computer acquisition and data processing system 9 achieves particle motion trajectory tracking by continuously identifying changes in particle image position at different times.

[0210] Furthermore, by analyzing the positional changes of particles over a continuous period of time, we can obtain the particle velocity, direction of motion, and settling state.

[0211] In this embodiment, the following can be analyzed using the PTV particle tracking method: (1) The starting position of particle settling; (2) The formation process of the particle deposition layer; (3) Variation in the thickness of the particle deposition layer; (4) Particle resuspension process; (5) Particle aggregation and dispersion state; (6) The transport law of particles at different flow rates.

[0212] Furthermore, under low flow rate conditions, PTV analysis results show that particles in liquid-solid two-phase flow are prone to deposit at the bottom of the pipe.

[0213] For example, when the liquid flow rate is 0.6 m / s, some particles gradually move towards the bottom of the pipe under the influence of gravity and form a continuous deposition layer at the bottom of the pipe.

[0214] At this point, the particle trajectory is relatively stable overall, the lateral disturbance of the particles is small, and most particles move slowly along the axial direction of the pipe.

[0215] Furthermore, PTV particle trajectory analysis revealed that the particle velocity near the bottom of the pipe was significantly lower than that in the core flow region.

[0216] As the experiment continued, the thickness of the particle deposition layer gradually increased, forming a typical layered depositional structure.

[0217] Furthermore, when the liquid phase flow velocity is increased to about 1.0 m / s, the liquid-solid two-phase flow gradually reaches a stable transport state.

[0218] At this point, some particles still tend to settle, but due to the increased drag of the liquid, more particles are able to remain suspended.

[0219] PTV analysis revealed that the randomness of particle motion trajectories was enhanced, with some particles exhibiting short-term rising and falling motions as well as local swirling motions.

[0220] Furthermore, under medium flow rate conditions, the thickness of the particle deposition layer is significantly reduced, and the stability of particle transport is improved.

[0221] Furthermore, when the liquid phase velocity increases to 1.5 m / s to 1.8 m / s, the liquid-solid two-phase flow enters a distinct turbulent state.

[0222] At this point, the suspension effect of the liquid on the particles is further enhanced, and the particles move randomly inside the pipe.

[0223] PTV particle tracking results show that: The complexity of particle motion trajectories has increased significantly; Enhanced transverse pulsation of particles; The particle deposition phenomenon was significantly reduced; The phenomenon of particle resuspension has increased.

[0224] Furthermore, under high flow rate conditions, due to the strong turbulent mixing effect, the particles are more evenly distributed within the cross-section of the pipe.

[0225] In some embodiments, PTV particle tracking analysis can be performed at the first observation point and the second observation point, respectively.

[0226] in: The first observation point is close to the outlet of wear-resistant pump 2, resulting in strong flow field disturbance and high randomness in particle motion trajectory. The second observation point is far from the outlet of the wear-resistant pump 2. The liquid-solid two-phase flow gradually reaches a fully developed state, and the particle movement trajectory is relatively more stable.

[0227] Furthermore, by comparing the particle motion state at different observation positions, the particle sedimentation evolution law and the flow field stability change law can be analyzed during the flow transport of liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0228] In this embodiment, the influence of different particle sizes on sedimentation patterns can also be analyzed using PTV.

[0229] For example: Larger particles are more prone to deposition due to the more pronounced effects of gravity. Smaller particles are more likely to remain suspended under turbulent conditions.

[0230] Furthermore, by analyzing the motion trajectories of particles of different sizes under different flow rates, the critical settling velocity and particle suspension characteristics in liquid-solid two-phase flow can be obtained.

[0231] Through the above-described PTV particle tracking implementation method, this embodiment can achieve high-precision dynamic tracking of particle motion in liquid-solid two-phase flow, and can obtain key parameters such as particle sedimentation, aggregation, resuspension and transport laws, thereby providing reliable experimental basis for the study of sedimentation mechanism of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials and the optimized design of safe transport system.

[0232] VIII. Typical Flow Field Test Examples In this embodiment, to verify the ability of the liquid-solid two-phase energetic material sedimentation characteristics and law test system provided by the present invention to test the flow field inside the tube, a high-frequency laser generator 11, a CMOS camera 10, a synchronizer 13 and a computer acquisition and data processing system 9 can be used to perform image acquisition and velocity field analysis on the liquid-solid two-phase flow inside the transparent observation tube 12.

[0233] like Figure 5As shown, after the liquid-solid two-phase flow stabilizes, the high-frequency laser generator 11 emits a laser into the observation area within the transparent observation tube 12. The CMOS camera 10 acquires images of particle motion within the observation area, and the acquired data is synchronously transmitted to the computer acquisition and data processing system 9 via the synchronizer 13. After processing the continuous images, the computer acquisition and data processing system 9 obtains the average velocity field distribution cloud map of the liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0234] pass Figure 5 The velocity field distribution results shown indicate the velocity variations in different regions within the transparent observation tube 12, including the velocity distribution in the core flow region, near-wall velocity variations, and local flow field disturbances. Therefore, this invention not only enables the observation of particle settling states but also allows for the analysis of the flow field distribution of the liquid-solid two-phase flow within the tube, thus providing data for determining particle settling, suspension, and resuspension states.

[0235] During actual testing, the output flow rate of the wear-resistant pump 2 can be changed according to the test requirements, and the flow rate of the liquid-solid two-phase flow can be monitored and adjusted through the electromagnetic flowmeter 5 and the throttle valve 4. Under different flow conditions, the computer acquisition and data processing system 9 can obtain the corresponding velocity field data based on the particle images acquired by the CMOS camera 10, thereby realizing the comparative analysis of the flow state of the liquid-solid two-phase flow under different working conditions.

[0236] Furthermore, the transparent observation tube 12 adopts a double-layer structure formed by nesting an inner circular tube and an outer square tube. Liquid is injected into the gap between the inner circular tube and the outer square tube through the water inlet 16 of the transparent observation tube to reduce the impact of optical distortion on the image acquisition results. Therefore, this embodiment can improve the accuracy of particle image recognition and velocity field analysis.

[0237] As can be seen from the above typical flow field test examples, the present invention can realize non-contact image acquisition and flow field analysis during the circulation of liquid-solid two-phase flow, providing a test basis for the study of flow field changes, particle motion and sedimentation law during the pipeline transportation of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials.

[0238] IX. Typical Settlement Observation Examples In this embodiment, to verify the ability of the test system for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials provided by the present invention to observe the particle deposition state, the sedimentation process of solid particles in the liquid-solid two-phase flow can be photographed and analyzed in real time within the observation area of ​​the transparent observation tube 12.

[0239] like Figure 6As shown, during the operation of the liquid-solid two-phase flow under set conditions, some solid particles migrate towards the bottom of the pipe under the influence of gravity and the flow field, forming a particle deposition area at the bottom of the pipe. Through the transparent observation tube 12, the CMOS camera 10 can collect real-time data on the sedimentation, accumulation, and transport status of particles in the pipe, and the computer acquisition and data processing system 9 can store and analyze the acquired images.

[0240] pass Figure 6 The particle deposition flow pattern shown allows for a direct assessment of whether particle deposition has occurred in the liquid-solid two-phase flow, the location of the deposition area, and the formation state of the deposition layer. Compared to traditional methods of visual inspection or weighing analysis after shutting down and disassembling pipelines, this invention can directly acquire particle deposition status during continuous system operation, thereby improving the real-time performance and accuracy of sedimentation observation.

[0241] Furthermore, during the experiment, the flow rate inside the pipe can be changed by adjusting the opening of the throttle valve 4, and the current flow rate data can be obtained in conjunction with the electromagnetic flowmeter 5. When the flow rate is low, particles are more likely to form a sedimentary layer at the bottom of the pipe; when the flow rate increases, the particle suspension and resuspension capabilities are enhanced, and the sedimentation tendency weakens. By comparing the images acquired under different operating conditions, the sedimentation variation law of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials during pipeline transportation can be analyzed.

[0242] Meanwhile, the electric mixer 20 installed in the mixing tank 1 can keep the liquid and solid particles in a mixed state, and the pressure sensor 21 and the solid particle feeding bin 18 can be used to maintain the stability of the particle solid content during the test, thereby reducing the impact of solid content changes on sedimentation observation results and improving the repeatability of test data.

[0243] As can be seen from the above typical sedimentation observation examples, the present invention can realize continuous, real-time and low-distortion observation of particle sedimentation state in liquid-solid two-phase flow, and can combine velocity field analysis results to make comprehensive judgment on particle sedimentation, suspension and resuspension behavior, thereby providing experimental basis for optimizing the safe transportation conditions of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials.

[0244] 10. Implementation Methods of Synergistic Effects Furthermore, this invention is not a simple assembly of the transparent observation structure, flow field velocity measurement structure, and circulating transport structure in existing liquid-solid two-phase flow testing devices. Instead, it addresses the problems of particle sedimentation, image distortion, and insufficient operating stability of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials during long-distance transport by designing a synergistic approach to circulating transport, low-distortion observation, and stable control of solid content.

[0245] Specifically, the present invention constructs a liquid-solid two-phase flow circulation transport loop by means of a stirring water tank 1, a wear-resistant pump 2, a transparent observation tube 12, and a PVC water pipe 15, thereby enabling long-term continuous circulation observation of the liquid-solid two-phase flow; at the same time, a double-layer transparent structure is formed by the nesting of the inner circular tube and the outer square tube of the transparent observation tube 12, and liquid is injected into the gap through the water inlet 16 of the transparent observation tube to reduce the optical refraction and image distortion caused by the circular tube wall, thereby improving the acquisition accuracy of particle images by the CMOS camera 10.

[0246] Furthermore, the CMOS camera 10, high-frequency laser generator 11, and synchronizer 13 in this invention work together to achieve synchronous acquisition of particle motion images and flow field velocity measurement and analysis under continuous operation of liquid-solid two-phase flow, thereby enabling simultaneous acquisition of particle settling state and flow field distribution information.

[0247] In addition, the present invention also realizes real-time monitoring and automatic replenishment of particle solid content during the test by using pressure sensor 21 and solid particle feeding bin 18, thereby reducing the impact of particle concentration changes caused by long-term cyclic conveying on the test results, and improving the stability of test conditions and the repeatability of test results.

[0248] Therefore, by coordinating the cyclic conveying structure, the low-distortion transparent observation structure, the synchronous velocity measurement structure, and the solid content stability control structure, this invention can not only achieve continuous observation of the sedimentation process of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, but also improve the accuracy of particle image recognition, the accuracy of flow field velocity measurement, and the stability of experimental conditions, thereby solving the problems of difficulty in long-term continuous observation, obvious image distortion, and difficulty in stable control of particle concentration in the prior art.

[0249] XI. Summary of the Beneficial Effects and Implementation Methods of the Invention Based on the above embodiments, the experimental testing system and method for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials provided by the present invention can realize real-time, high-precision, and long-term continuous observation of the particle sedimentation process in liquid-solid two-phase flow, and can analyze the flow field distribution, particle motion state, and sedimentation law under different flow velocity conditions. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0250] 1. To realize long-term circulation and continuous observation experiments of liquid-solid two-phase flow. This invention enables liquid-solid two-phase flow to circulate within the system by constructing a closed-loop conveying circuit consisting of a stirring tank 1, a wear-resistant pump 2, a transparent observation tube 12, and a PVC water pipe 15.

[0251] Compared to traditional single-pass testing systems, this invention eliminates the need for frequent replacement of liquid media and solid particles, significantly reducing material consumption and lowering testing costs.

[0252] Meanwhile, through the circulating conveying structure, the present invention can achieve long-term stable operation of liquid-solid two-phase flow, which facilitates the study of the dynamic evolution law of particle sedimentation process and improves the continuity and reliability of experimental data.

[0253] 2. Achieve real-time visual observation of the sedimentation process in liquid-solid two-phase flow. This invention enables real-time visualization of particle motion in a liquid-solid two-phase flow by setting a transparent observation tube 12 in the observation pipeline and combining it with a high-frequency laser generator 11 and a CMOS camera 10.

[0254] Compared to traditional methods that require stopping the system, disassembling the pipeline, and then weighing or visually analyzing, this invention can acquire the particle settling status, particle movement trajectory, and sediment layer changes in real time during system operation.

[0255] Therefore, this invention can significantly improve the efficiency of studying the sedimentation law of liquid-solid two-phase flow and improve the accuracy of particle motion state analysis.

[0256] 3. Effectively reduces optical distortion and improves image measurement accuracy. The transparent observation tube 12 in this invention adopts a double-layer transparent structure formed by nesting an inner round tube and an outer square tube.

[0257] By injecting transparent liquid into the gap between the two layers through the water inlet 16 of the transparent observation tube, the problems of light refraction and image distortion caused by the circular transparent tube wall can be effectively reduced.

[0258] Compared to traditional single-layer transparent cylindrical structures, this invention can significantly improve the clarity of particle images and the accuracy of particle position recognition.

[0259] Therefore, this invention can improve the accuracy of PIV velocity analysis and PTV particle tracking analysis results.

[0260] 4. Achieve high-precision measurement of liquid-solid two-phase flow field This invention combines a high-frequency laser generator 11, a CMOS camera 10, and a synchronizer 13 to construct a PIV velocity measurement system.

[0261] By analyzing particle motion images, the velocity field distribution, boundary layer changes, and turbulent fluctuation characteristics in liquid-solid two-phase flow can be obtained.

[0262] Compared with traditional contact speed measurement methods, this invention uses a non-contact optical speed measurement method, which does not interfere with the liquid-solid two-phase flow field, thus improving the speed measurement accuracy.

[0263] Furthermore, this invention can analyze the laminar, transitional, and turbulent states in liquid-solid two-phase flows under different flow velocity conditions, thereby providing reliable experimental data for the study of the transport law of liquid-solid two-phase flows.

[0264] 5. Achieve high-precision dynamic tracking of particle sedimentation patterns. This invention further incorporates the PTV particle tracking analysis method to track and analyze the motion trajectories of individual particles and local particle groups in liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0265] Particle tracking analysis (PTV) can provide information such as the initial location of particle settling, changes in particle deposition layer thickness, particle aggregation state, and particle resuspension patterns.

[0266] Therefore, this invention can more accurately reveal the particle settling mechanism and particle transport law in liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0267] 6. Improve the stability of liquid-solid two-phase flow. The mixing tank 1 of the present invention is equipped with an electric mixer 20, which can continuously mix liquid and solid particles, thereby preventing particles from settling prematurely inside the mixing tank 1.

[0268] In addition, the present invention is also equipped with a pressure sensor 21 and a solid particle feeding bin 18.

[0269] The pressure sensor 21 acquires the pressure signal related to the particle solid content in real time, and automatically controls the solid particle feeding bin 18 to replenish the material according to the pressure change, thereby maintaining the stable particle concentration of the liquid-solid two-phase flow.

[0270] Therefore, the present invention can effectively improve the consistency of operating conditions and the repeatability of test results during long-term continuous testing.

[0271] 7. Capable of adapting to various complex flow conditions in research The observation pipeline in this invention includes not only a transparent straight pipe structure, but also a transparent bent pipe structure.

[0272] Therefore, this invention can not only study the particle settling law in horizontal straight pipes, but also study the particle transport behavior in bend areas, diameter change areas and complex pipelines.

[0273] Furthermore, this invention can study the sedimentation law of liquid-solid two-phase flow under different flow rates, particle sizes and particle concentrations, thus having strong adaptability to working conditions.

[0274] 8. Facilitates research on the safe transport of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials. Since energetic materials face safety risks such as particle aggregation, friction, and local deposition during transportation, it is of great significance to study the particle sedimentation law during the transportation of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials.

[0275] This invention enables real-time observation and analysis of particle settling behavior during the transport of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, thereby providing reliable experimental basis for the design of safe transport systems for liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, determination of critical flow velocities, and optimization of pipeline structures.

[0276] Therefore, this invention has high application value in the field of safe transportation of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials.

[0277] 9. The system has a simple structure and is easy to expand. The overall system structure of this invention is simple, and the modules are connected by flanges, threads and pipe clamps, which makes installation and maintenance convenient.

[0278] Meanwhile, the transparent observation tube 12, CMOS camera 10, and high-frequency laser generator 11 in this invention can all be adjusted and expanded according to different experimental requirements.

[0279] Therefore, this invention has good prospects for engineering applications and promotional value.

[0280] In summary, the experimental testing system and method for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials provided by this invention can effectively solve the problems existing in the prior art, such as the inability to conduct continuous tests for a long time, the difficulty in real-time observation of particle sedimentation process, severe image distortion, and insufficient accuracy of flow field measurement. This enables high-precision, low-distortion, and continuous and stable observation of the sedimentation process of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, and provides a reliable experimental platform for the research on the safe transport of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials.

[0281] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications, substitutions, equivalent transformations, and improvements can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the technical concept and principles of the present invention, and all such modifications, substitutions, equivalent transformations, and improvements should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

[0282] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "inner", "outer", "top", "bottom", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are only based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0283] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "an," and "a kind" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, nor as limiting the quantity. Therefore, a technical solution defined with features such as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of those features.

[0284] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "installation," "fixing," "setting," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0285] It should also be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the technical features in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other to form new implementation methods, and such combined technical solutions should also be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test system for the sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials, characterized in that, include: The power system includes a stirring tank (1) and a wear-resistant pump (2). The control system includes a shut-off valve (3), a throttle valve (4), an electromagnetic flowmeter (5), a T-type three-way connector (6), and a diaphragm pressure gauge (7). The observation conduit includes a transparent observation tube (12); and The monitoring system includes a CMOS camera (10), a high-frequency laser generator (11), a synchronizer (13), and a computer acquisition and data processing system (9). Among them, the stirring water tank (1), wear-resistant pump (2), shut-off valve (3), throttle valve (4), electromagnetic flow meter (5), T-type three-way connector (6) and transparent observation tube (12) are connected and connected in sequence, and the diaphragm pressure gauge (7) is connected to one interface of the T-type three-way connector (6); The outlet of the transparent observation tube (12) is connected back to the stirring water tank (1) through a pipeline, forming a loop that allows for the circulation of liquid-solid two-phase flow. The CMOS camera (10) and the high-frequency laser generator (11) are both connected to the synchronizer (13), and the synchronizer (13) is connected to the computer acquisition and data processing system (9).

2. The experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent observation tube (12) is made of acrylic material and its structure is formed by nesting an inner round tube and an outer square tube. A gap is formed between the inner round tube and the outer square tube. A water inlet (16) is provided on the wall of the outer square tube to inject liquid into the gap to eliminate optical distortion.

3. The experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing tank (1) is equipped with an electric mixer (20) and a pressure sensor (21). The mixing tank (1) is also connected to a solid particle feeding bin (18); The pressure sensor (21) is used to acquire a pressure signal related to the particle solid content in the water tank, and to determine whether the solid content is lower than a preset threshold based on the pressure signal. When the solid content is lower than the preset threshold, the outlet of the solid particle feeding bin (18) is opened to supplement solid particles into the mixing tank (1).

4. The experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The observation pipeline also includes a transparent acrylic bend, and the transparent observation tube (12) includes a transparent acrylic straight tube.

5. The experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the transparent observation tube (12) is 50mm to 60mm.

6. The experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent observation tube (12) is connected to the stainless steel pipe through a reducing joint (8). The large diameter end of the reducing joint (8) is connected to the stainless steel pipe, and the small diameter end is connected to the transparent observation tube (12). The stainless steel pipe has an inner diameter of 70mm, a wall thickness of 3mm, and is made of 304 stainless steel.

7. The experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent observation tubes (12) are connected by flanges, and rubber sealing gaskets are installed between the flanges; The transparent observation tube (12) is connected to the return tube by a clamp.

8. A test method for determining the sedimentation characteristics and behavior of a liquid-solid two-phase energetic material, characterized in that, The experimental testing system for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1. Add liquid to the mixing tank (1), open the shut-off valve (3) and the throttle valve (4), start the wear-resistant pump (2) to fill the pipeline with liquid and purge the air from the pipeline; S2. After confirming that the air has been completely expelled, close the shut-off valve (3) and the wear-resistant pump (2), add solid particles to the mixing tank (1), start the electric mixer (20) to stir, and form a liquid-solid two-phase mixture. S3. After the mixture has been stirred sufficiently, reopen the shut-off valve (3) and the throttle valve (4), and start the wear-resistant pump (2) to allow the liquid-solid two-phase mixture to enter the transparent observation tube (12). S4. Adjust the opening of the throttle valve (4) according to the reading of the electromagnetic flowmeter (5) to control the flow rate in the pipe to the preset operating condition. S5. When the two-phase flow inside the tube is stable, start the high-frequency laser generator (11) to emit laser to the observation area, and at the same time start the CMOS camera (10) to capture the flow and sedimentation state of solid particles inside the transparent observation tube (12), and transmit the collected image data to the computer acquisition and data processing system (9) in real time through the synchronizer (13) for storage and analysis. S6. The liquid-solid two-phase flow after passing through the observation pipeline returns to the stirring water tank (1) through the pipeline to complete one cycle, and repeats steps S3 to S5 to carry out continuous observation tests.

9. The experimental testing method for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, a pressure signal related to the particle solid content is acquired in real time by a pressure sensor (21) installed inside the stirring tank (1), and the solid content is determined to be lower than a preset threshold based on the pressure signal. When the solid content is lower than the preset threshold, the solid particle feeding bin (18) is automatically opened to add solid particles to the mixing tank (1).

10. The experimental testing method for sedimentation characteristics and laws of liquid-solid two-phase energetic materials according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before conducting the observation experiment, liquid is injected into the gap between the inner round tube and the outer square tube through the water inlet (16) on the outer wall of the transparent observation tube (12) to eliminate optical distortion.

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