A dam-break process simulation monitoring device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of dam failure simulation technology, and discloses a device and method for simulating and monitoring the failure process of a landslide dam. By setting surface markers on the surface of the landslide dam model and combining a camera monitoring system with digital image correlation, this invention achieves non-contact, full-field continuous monitoring of dam surface deformation. It can accurately acquire displacement and strain field data of the dam surface, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot accurately acquire dam deformation characteristics. Simultaneously, by setting up an acoustic emission monitoring system, it collects and locates stress wave signals emitted by the landslide dam model due to internal damage during the stress process, achieving real-time monitoring and spatial positioning of internal damage information of the dam body. This solves the problems of existing technologies being unable to monitor the internal structural response of the dam body and unable to analyze the dynamic process of internal damage evolution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dam failure simulation technology, specifically to a device and method for simulating and monitoring the failure process of a landslide dam. Background Technology

[0002] Landslide dams are common secondary geological hazards in mountainous rivers, typically formed by landslides and debris flows triggered by factors such as torrential rains and earthquakes, which block river channels. Because landslide dams are mostly composed of loose solid particles and have a porous structure, they are highly susceptible to seepage failure and breach. Once a breach occurs, it can easily trigger a catastrophic flood, causing significant casualties and property damage downstream. Due to limitations imposed by climate, topography, and transportation, the basic data available in the early stages of landslide dam formation is very limited, making rapid, timely, and accurate risk assessment difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct theoretical and applied basic research on landslide dam closures and the disaster chain of breach floods to provide scientific support for emergency response and disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.

[0003] Model testing is a crucial method for exploring the failure mechanism of landslide dams. By recreating the failure process of landslide dams under different dam materials, parameters, and water level conditions, it provides a scientific basis for landslide dam management. Monitoring the failure parameters during the model failure process is a key aspect of model testing. Conventional methods for monitoring dam failure mainly involve using high-speed cameras to simply record changes in the dam's morphology. However, accurately obtaining the deformation parameters during the failure process is difficult, and high-speed camera images only reflect the surface morphology after deformation and failure, failing to reveal the internal structural response during the failure process. Therefore, it is essential to achieve continuous and accurate recording of deformation parameters during the model failure process of landslide dams, monitor internal damage signals within the dam structure, and identify precursory information of landslide dam failure.

[0004] Currently, the main monitoring methods used in landslide dam failure simulation experiments include flow meters, water level gauges, current meters, pore pressure gauges, earth pressure gauges, and high-speed cameras. Among these, flow meters, water level gauges, and current meters are used to monitor seepage during the dam model's failure process and the flood evolution parameters after the failure. Under normal circumstances, these monitoring instruments do not directly contact the dam body, thus having good measurement results. However, pressure measuring instruments such as pore pressure gauges and earth pressure gauges are mainly buried inside the dam body to measure changes in earth pressure. During the experiment, they are easily damaged and fail as the dam body becomes unstable and fails.

[0005] Therefore, current simulation experiments of landslide dam failure can only obtain complete flow data and roughly determine the dam failure time by combining the apparent morphological features captured by high-speed cameras. However, the failure time obtained by this method has a certain lag, and it can only determine the time point of macroscopic failure of the dam body. It cannot analyze the dynamic process of damage evolution and accumulation inside the dam body, let alone accurately obtain the stress and deformation parameters during the failure process. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a device and method for simulating and monitoring the failure process of a landslide dam, in order to solve the problem that existing landslide dam failure simulation experiments cannot accurately obtain the deformation characteristics of the dam body and the damage information of the internal structure of the dam body.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a simulation and monitoring device for the failure process of a landslide dam, comprising: a river channel model for supporting the landslide dam model and providing a space for failure simulation; a water supply system connected to the river channel model for supplying water to the river channel model; a landslide dam model constructed within the river channel model, wherein surface markings are provided on the surface of the dam body; a camera monitoring system for acquiring images of the dam body surface with surface markings, and obtaining displacement and strain field data of the dam body surface based on digital image correlation; and an acoustic emission monitoring system for acquiring and locating stress wave signals emitted by the landslide dam model due to internal damage during the stress process, so as to monitor the damage information and evolution process inside the dam body.

[0008] This invention achieves non-contact, full-field continuous monitoring of dam surface deformation by setting surface markings on the dam model and combining a camera monitoring system with digital image correlation. It can accurately acquire displacement and strain field data of the dam surface, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies that cannot accurately acquire dam deformation characteristics. At the same time, by setting up an acoustic emission monitoring system, it collects and locates stress wave signals emitted by the dam model due to internal damage during the stress process, realizing real-time monitoring and spatial positioning of internal damage information of the dam body. This solves the problems of existing technologies being unable to monitor the internal structural response of the dam body and unable to analyze the dynamic process of internal damage evolution.

[0009] In one optional embodiment, the river channel model has at least one of the following features: the river channel model has a telescopic structure for adjusting the river channel length; movable slots are provided on both sides of the river channel model for adjusting the river channel width; and the river channel model is equipped with a slope adjustment mechanism for adjusting the river channel slope. Specifically, the telescopic structure allows for flexible adjustment of the river channel length to meet the needs of breach dam simulation under different river scale conditions; the movable slots on both sides of the river channel model allow for convenient adjustment of the river channel width to adapt to experimental conditions with different dam widths and river channel cross-sectional shapes; and the slope adjustment mechanism allows for precise adjustment of the river channel slope to simulate breach dam processes under different terrain conditions. This structural design enables the present invention to flexibly change the length, width, and slope of the river channel model, making it suitable for dam breach simulation experiments under various working conditions. This significantly improves the applicability and versatility of the experimental device, overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies where the river channel model structure is fixed and cannot adapt to diverse experimental needs.

[0010] In one optional implementation, the landslide dam model is constructed within the river channel model using a layered stacking method. Surface markings are formed by spraying each layer during the stacking process. The surface markings include a white base material layer and black speckles set on the white base material layer. This implementation, by constructing the landslide dam model using a layered stacking method and spraying surface markings layer by layer after each layer of dam material is stacked, ensures that the surface markings are firmly bonded to the dam material, preventing the markings from falling off or deforming during the breach, thereby ensuring the continuity and accuracy of digital image correlation monitoring. Simultaneously, the surface markings, including a white base material layer and black speckles set on the white base material layer, form a high-contrast random speckle pattern, which is beneficial for the camera monitoring system to accurately track the deformation characteristics of the dam surface during the breach, improving the calculation accuracy of displacement and strain field data.

[0011] In one alternative implementation, the camera monitoring system includes at least two camera devices and is equipped with supplemental lighting.

[0012] In one alternative implementation, the camera monitoring system is based on digital image correlation to obtain displacement and strain field data by calculating the correlation coefficient of the dam surface images before and after deformation during the dam failure process.

[0013] The above method, by setting up at least two camera devices, can simultaneously acquire images of the dam surface from different angles, realizing three-dimensional full-field deformation monitoring of the dam surface and providing more comprehensive deformation information for the study of the failure mechanism. By configuring supplementary lighting equipment, the clarity and stability of image acquisition during the experiment can be ensured, avoiding the impact of insufficient lighting or changes in light on monitoring accuracy. By calculating the correlation coefficient of the dam surface images before and after deformation based on the digital image correlation method, displacement field and strain field data are obtained, realizing non-contact high-precision measurement of dam surface deformation. This method has the characteristics of full-field measurement, high accuracy, and strong adaptability, and can accurately capture the evolution law of displacement field and strain field of the dam from initial deformation to failure, providing reliable experimental data support for the identification of precursors to landslide dam failure and the study of failure mechanism.

[0014] In one optional implementation, the acoustic emission monitoring system includes multiple acoustic emission probes, a signal amplifier, and an acoustic emission acquisition card connected in sequence, used to acquire and locate the spatial position of acoustic emission signals.

[0015] In one alternative implementation, the acoustic emission probe is attached to the side plate surface of the river channel model and acoustically coupled to the landslide dam model.

[0016] In one alternative implementation, the acoustic emission monitoring system identifies the development stage and precursor information of the landslide dam failure by analyzing the ring count, energy, and amplitude characteristic parameters of the stress wave signal; and uses the time difference positioning method to spatially locate the stress wave signal in order to determine the spatial location of the damage inside the dam.

[0017] By setting up multiple acoustic emission probes, signal amplifiers, and acoustic emission acquisition cards connected in sequence, a complete acoustic emission signal acquisition link was constructed, enabling real-time capture of weak stress wave signals released by the internal damage during the collapse of the landslide dam model. By attaching the acoustic emission probes to the side plate surface of the river channel model and acoustically coupling them with the dam model, efficient transmission of stress wave signals was achieved, ensuring the sensitivity and reliability of signal acquisition. Based on the aforementioned equipment, by analyzing characteristic parameters such as ring count, energy, and amplitude, different development stages of the landslide dam collapse and precursory information can be accurately identified, enabling precise judgment of the collapse time. By using time-difference positioning to spatially locate the stress wave signals, the spatial location of internal damage within the dam body can be determined, revealing the spatiotemporal evolution of the damage. The above design overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the inability to monitor the internal structural response of the dam body, the inability to analyze the dynamic process of internal damage evolution, and the inability to judge the dam failure time only through macroscopic deformation with lag. It realizes real-time monitoring of internal damage information of the dam body, accurate identification of dam failure precursors, and precise location of damage spatial location, providing a brand-new technical means for the study of the failure mechanism of landslide dams and disaster early warning.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for simulating and monitoring the landslide dam failure process, using any of the aforementioned landslide dam failure process simulation and monitoring devices to simulate and monitor the landslide dam failure process, comprising the following steps: constructing a landslide dam model within a river channel model, wherein surface markings are provided on the surface of the dam body of the landslide dam model; supplying water to the river channel model through a water supply system to simulate the landslide dam failure process; acquiring images of the dam body surface with surface markings through a camera monitoring system, and obtaining displacement and strain field data of the dam body surface based on digital image correlation; and acquiring and locating stress wave signals emitted by the landslide dam model due to internal damage during the stress process through an acoustic emission monitoring system, in order to monitor the damage information and evolution process inside the dam body. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of a landslide dam failure simulation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a landslide dam failure simulation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of dam surface deformation monitoring in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of dam failure precursor information identification in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for simulating and monitoring the failure process of a landslide dam according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Wherein, A represents the lateral layered opening and closing design of the river model; 100 represents the river model; 101 represents the hydraulic jack; 200 represents the water supply system; 201 represents the water supply tank; 202 represents the submersible pump; 203 represents the water control valve; 204 represents the bridge crane equipment bridge; 300 represents the landslide dam model; 400 represents the camera monitoring system; 401 represents the high-speed camera; 402 represents the computer; 403 represents the LED supplementary light; 500 represents the acoustic emission monitoring system; 501 represents the acoustic emission probe; 502 represents the signal amplifier; and 503 represents the PCI host. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It is understood that before using the technical solutions disclosed in the various embodiments of the present invention, users should be informed of the types, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in the present invention and their authorization should be obtained in accordance with relevant laws and regulations through appropriate means.

[0023] Existing landslide dam failure simulation experiments mainly employ high-speed cameras to record dam morphological changes, combined with flow meters, water level gauges, and other instruments to monitor seepage and flood evolution parameters. However, this method has the following problems: Firstly, high-speed cameras can only acquire the apparent morphological features of the dam after deformation and failure, and cannot continuously and accurately record the deformation parameters of the dam during the failure process. Secondly, pressure measuring instruments such as pore pressure gauges and earth pressure gauges embedded inside the dam are prone to failure during dam instability and failure, making it impossible to effectively monitor damage signals within the dam structure. Furthermore, existing technologies can only determine the dam failure time through macroscopic deformation, which has a lag effect and cannot analyze the dynamic process of damage evolution and accumulation within the dam. This leads to the stress and deformation parameters during the dam failure process being ignored due to the difficulty in obtaining them, making it difficult to meet the needs of landslide dam failure mechanism research and failure precursor identification. Based on this, the present invention provides a landslide dam failure process simulation monitoring device and method to solve the problem that existing landslide dam failure simulation experiments cannot accurately obtain dam deformation characteristics and internal structural damage information.

[0024] This embodiment provides a device for simulating and monitoring the failure process of a landslide dam. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a landslide dam failure simulation monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: a river channel model 100, which supports the landslide dam model 300 and provides a space for simulating the breach; a water supply system 200, connected to the river channel model 100, for supplying water to the river channel model 100; a landslide dam model 300, constructed within the river channel model 100, with surface markings on the dam body surface; a camera monitoring system 400, used to acquire images of the dam body surface with surface markings, and to obtain displacement and strain field data of the dam body surface based on digital image correlation; and an acoustic emission monitoring system 500, used to acquire and locate stress wave signals emitted by the landslide dam model 300 due to internal damage during the stress process, in order to monitor the damage information and evolution process inside the dam body.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the river model 100 has at least one of the following features: the river model 100 has a telescopic structure for adjusting the river length; movable slots are provided on both sides of the river model 100 for adjusting the river width; the river model 100 is provided with a slope adjustment mechanism for adjusting the river slope, see [reference]. Figure 2 .

[0026] For example, the main body of the river channel model 100 is composed of highly transparent organic glass sheets. Through a retractable structural design, the length of the river channel can be adjusted. Additionally, movable slots are installed on both sides of the river channel to adjust its width. At the accumulation location of the landslide dam model 300, the river channel model 100 adopts a layered opening and closing design on its sides, see [reference needed]. Figure 2The A-structure facilitates the layered stacking of the dam model, allowing for the spraying of digital speckle after each layer is completed. A slope adjustment mechanism, specifically a hydraulic base consisting of hydraulic jacks 101 and a steel frame support structure, is installed below the river channel to adjust the overall slope of the river. The adjustment range is 0° to 30°, with a minimum adjustment step of 0.5°. After adjustment, the slope is calibrated using a level, ensuring a slope error of ≤±0.1° and guaranteeing a stable and unbiased river slope.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the water supply system 200 is used to provide water sources for different working conditions. For example, the water supply system 200 mainly includes a water tank 201, a submersible pump 202, a water supply pipe, an outlet pipe, a water control valve 203, and a small bridge-type lifting device. The slide of the small bridge-type lifting device is arranged directly above the river model 100 and mainly consists of a bridge-type lifting device bridge frame 204, a bridge-type lifting device moving mechanism, a bridge-type lifting device lifting mechanism, and an operating platform. The water tank 201 is mounted on the bridge-type lifting device moving mechanism and is used to adjust the position of the water tank 201 to meet the experimental needs of different working conditions.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the landslide dam model 300 is constructed within the river channel model 100 using a layered stacking method. Surface markings are formed by spraying each layer during the layered stacking process. The surface markings include a white base layer and black speckles set on the white base layer, forming digital speckle patterns.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the camera monitoring system 400 includes at least two cameras and is equipped with supplementary lighting. The camera monitoring system 400 uses digital image correlation to obtain displacement and strain field data by calculating the correlation coefficients of images of the dam surface before and after deformation during the dam failure process.

[0030] For example, the camera monitoring system 400 is used for three-dimensional full-field deformation monitoring, mainly including camera equipment and supplementary lighting equipment. In this embodiment, the camera equipment adopts two high-speed camera lenses with a resolution of not less than 1024*1024 pixels, a frame rate of not less than 1000fps, and a strain monitoring range of 0.01% to 1000%; the supplementary lighting equipment adopts LED supplementary lighting lamp 403.

[0031] In addition, the camera monitoring system 400 also includes a computer 402, which is connected to the high-speed camera lens via a cable. It is used to obtain displacement and strain field data based on digital image correlation methods by calculating the correlation coefficient of the dam surface images before and after deformation during the dam failure process. The specific calculation process is as follows: The initial state of the dam surface is used as a reference image, and the deformation images of the dam under water pressure and seepage are recorded. The displacement points to be measured are then used in the reference image. PCentered on (x0, y0), a reference subregion of size (2M+1)×(2M+1) is selected. See [reference]. Figure 3 The area highlighted in red in the image. Here, M is the half-width of the sub-region, representing the number of pixels extending from the center outwards to one side of the sub-region. Its value is determined based on the speckle size, generally ensuring that the reference sub-region contains at least 3 speckles. The center point p'(x0) of the deformed sub-region is determined by searching for the deformed sub-region in the deformed image that has the highest correlation with the reference sub-region. ' y0 ' ), thereby determining P Displacement information in the x and y directions, such as Figure 3 As shown, the displacement information of each pixel in the image can be represented as:

[0032]

[0033] in, x i , y j These are the x and y coordinates of a pixel in the reference sub-region. , These are the x and y coordinates of a pixel in the deformable sub-region. , The center points of the reference sub-regions are respectively P The x and y axis displacements.

[0034] The strain components can be further expressed as:

[0035] In the formula, ε xx , ε yy These are the strain components in the x and y directions, respectively.

[0036] Correlation functions are the standard for evaluating the similarity between images before and after deformation. Commonly used correlation coefficients include the normalized product correlation coefficient (NCC) and the normalized sum of squared errors correlation coefficient (SSD).

[0037]

[0038] In the formula, f and g Let be the grayscale intensity functions at pixel location (x, y) in the reference image and the deformed image, respectively. f m and g m The grayscale average of the reference sub-region and the deformed sub-region, and These represent the grayscale standard deviations of the reference sub-region and the deformed sub-region, respectively.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the acoustic emission monitoring system 500 includes a plurality of acoustic emission probes 501, a signal amplifier 502, and an acoustic emission acquisition card connected in sequence, used to acquire and locate the spatial position of acoustic emission signals. The acoustic emission probes 501 are attached to the side plate surface of the river channel model 100 and acoustically coupled to the landslide dam model 300. The acoustic emission monitoring system 500 identifies the development stage and precursor information of the landslide dam failure by analyzing the ring count, energy, and amplitude characteristic parameters of the stress wave signal; and uses a time-difference positioning method to spatially locate the stress wave signal to determine the spatial location of internal damage within the dam body.

[0040] For example, the acoustic emission monitoring system 500 mainly consists of a PCI host 503, an acoustic emission acquisition card, a signal amplifier 502, a filter, and an acoustic emission probe 501 connected in sequence. The acoustic emission acquisition card has no less than 4 sound source channels, a dynamic range greater than 85dB, and a bandwidth of 1kHz-3MHz. The signal amplifier 502 can be a 40dB preamplifier.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, during the collapse of the landslide dam model 300, acoustic emission stress waves are generated within the dam body due to damage mechanisms such as particle friction, slippage, and crack propagation. The acoustic emission monitoring system 500 collects stress wave signals generated throughout the entire dam collapse process in real time through multiple acoustic emission probes 501 arranged on the side plate surface of the river channel model 100. Under external loads such as upstream water pressure and seepage, the dam body material particles of the landslide dam model 300 slip and slide, gradually resulting in macroscopic cracking and overall collapse. The acoustic emission signals differ at different stages during the collapse process. Therefore, the stage of dam collapse development can be determined by acoustic emission characteristic signals such as ring count, energy, and amplitude, and precursor information of dam collapse can be identified. By analyzing characteristic parameters such as ring count, energy, and amplitude of the acoustic emission signals, different development stages of landslide dam collapse can be identified. In the early stages of a dam failure, particles inside the dam begin to move slightly, resulting in a weak acoustic emission signal. As the upstream water pressure increases, the friction between particles inside the dam intensifies, cracks gradually emerge and expand, and the ring count, energy, and amplitude of the acoustic emission signal gradually increase. When the signal characteristic parameters change drastically or reach their peak, it indicates that the dam is about to fail completely.

[0042] Meanwhile, the acoustic emission monitoring system 500 employs a time-difference positioning method, which, based on the time difference of stress wave signals arriving at different probes and combined with pre-determined longitudinal wave velocities of the dam material,... v p The spatial coordinates of the acoustic emission event are calculated using a localization algorithm, thereby determining the spatial location of the damage inside the dam.

[0043] In the formula, r i For the acoustic emission event to the first i The position of acoustic emission probe 501, (x i , y i , z i (x, y, z) represents the spatial coordinates of the acoustic emission probe 501, and (x, y, z) represents the spatial coordinates of the acoustic emission event. ε To calculate the residual, n The number of acoustic emission probes 501. t i The arrival time of the acoustic emission signal (i.e., stress wave signal) to each acoustic emission probe 501 is [not specified]. t 0 represents the moment when the acoustic emission event occurs.

[0044] The landslide dam failure simulation and monitoring device provided in this embodiment solves the problem that existing landslide dam failure simulation experimental models cannot accurately obtain the deformation characteristics of the dam body and the lack of information on the damage to the internal structure of the dam body. It provides basic support for the in-depth interpretation of the failure mechanism of landslide dam blocking rivers. It can realize non-contact continuous monitoring of the entire process of surface deformation during the landslide dam failure simulation; it can realize the identification of the precursor acoustic information of the landslide dam model 300 near failure state, obtain the accurate failure time, and analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of damage and disaster inside the dam body; it can flexibly change the river width, river length, river roughness and flow velocity conditions, and has a wider range of applications.

[0045] This embodiment also provides a method for simulating and monitoring the landslide dam failure process. The landslide dam failure process simulation and monitoring device described in the above embodiment is used to simulate and monitor the landslide dam failure process, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S501: Construct a landslide dam model 300 within the river channel model 100. Surface markings are set on the surface of the dam body of the landslide dam model 300.

[0046] Specifically, after the main body of the experimental apparatus, the river channel model 100, is assembled, the width of the river channel model 100 is adjusted to the target value using a telescopic structure according to experimental requirements. Then, the river channel slope is adjusted using a hydraulic jack 101. If the experiment needs to consider the influence of the riverbed structure, the roughness of the bottom of the riverbed model can be changed by laying gravel or sand, and the river channel length can also be adjusted.

[0047] In the preset area of ​​the river channel model 100, a landslide dam model 300 is constructed. The landslide dam is constructed using a layered construction method, with each layer being 5 cm thick. After the dam material of each layer is completed, the corresponding opening on the side of the river channel model 100 is opened, and the area is sprayed with spots: first, a white base material layer is sprayed, followed by black speckled spots sprayed onto the base material layer. The thickness of the white base material layer is controlled at 0.1-0.2 mm, and the uniformity of the base material layer thickness is ensured as much as possible. The diameter of the black speckled spots should be 3-5 pixels, and the density of the speckled spots should be controlled at 50%, with a random distribution. After spraying, the spots are allowed to dry naturally for no less than 2 hours to ensure a firm bond between the spots and the dam material. After the spots have dried, the opening is closed, and the next layer of dam material is constructed, and the above operation is repeated. This process mainly ensures the overall structural stability of the dam structure during the spraying process.

[0048] After the landslide dam model 300 is assembled, the high-speed camera 401 of the camera monitoring system 400 is positioned facing the speckle area on the side of the landslide dam model 300. The camera spacing, focal length, and position of the LED supplementary light 403 are adjusted. Before testing, the camera needs to be calibrated using a calibration board to obtain the camera's intrinsic and relative extrinsic parameters. The orientation of the calibration board is adjusted sequentially, and template images from different orientations are acquired to complete the calibration. After calibration, the reprojection error is verified. The reprojection error is ≤0.5 pixels, and the calibration result deviation SIGMA value is controlled between 0.02 and 0.05.

[0049] At least four acoustic emission probes 501 are placed on the surface of an acrylic sheet on the other side of the landslide dam model 300. The probes 501 are evenly distributed within the dam model area. Coupling agent is applied to the contact surfaces of the probes 501 to ensure tight contact between the probes and the acrylic sheet surface and to eliminate air interference. The probes are then secured with tape to ensure no relative displacement between the probes and the contact surfaces. The acoustic emission probes 501 are then connected to the signal amplifier 502 and the PCI host 503 to check their operational status.

[0050] Step S502: Water is supplied to the river model 100 through the water supply system 200 to simulate the landslide dam failure process.

[0051] Turn on the submersible pump 202 to fill the water supply tank 201, then open the water control valve 203 of the water supply tank 201 and adjust the flow rate to meet the experimental requirements. Adjust the acoustic emission threshold value to eliminate the interference of background noise from the water flow. In addition, a small bridge crane can be operated to change the position of the water tank to change the water flow velocity conditions.

[0052] In step S503, the camera monitoring system 400 acquires images of the dam surface with surface markings, and obtains displacement and strain field data of the dam surface based on digital image correlation.

[0053] Step S504: The acoustic emission monitoring system 500 collects and locates the stress wave signals emitted by the landslide dam model 300 due to internal damage during the stress process, so as to monitor the damage information and evolution process inside the dam body.

[0054] After the experiment, the temporal evolution characteristics of surface deformation and acoustic emission signals during the dam failure process were analyzed. By combining the deformation process and internal damage at different stages of dam failure, the dam failure mechanism was obtained.

[0055] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] The following is a detailed reference. Figure 6 This diagram illustrates a suitable structural design for implementing an electronic device according to embodiments of the present invention. The electronic device may include a processor (e.g., a central processing unit, graphics processor, etc.) 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on a program stored in read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from memory 608 into random access memory (RAM) 603. RAM 603 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device. The processor 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via a bus 604. An input / output (I / O) interface 605 is also connected to the bus 604.

[0057] Typically, the following devices can be connected to I / O interface 605: input devices 606 including, for example, touchscreens, touchpads, keyboards, mice, cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.; output devices 607 including, for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), speakers, vibrators, etc.; memory devices 608 including, for example, magnetic tapes, hard disks, etc.; and communication devices 609. Communication device 609 allows electronic devices to communicate wirelessly or wiredly with other devices to exchange data. Although Figure 6 Electronic devices with various devices are shown, but it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the devices shown, and more or fewer devices may be implemented or have instead.

[0058] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device 609, or installed from a memory 608, or installed from a ROM 602. When the computer program is executed by the processor 601, it performs the functions defined in the landslide dam failure process simulation monitoring method of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 6 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0060] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The methods described above according to embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or firmware, or implemented as computer code that can be recorded on a storage medium, or implemented as computer code downloaded via a network and originally stored on a remote storage medium or a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and then stored on a local storage medium. Thus, the methods described herein can be processed by software stored on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, random access memory, flash memory, hard disk, or solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include combinations of the above types of memory. It is understood that computers, processors, microprocessor controllers, or programmable hardware include storage components capable of storing or receiving software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by the computer, processor, or hardware, the landslide dam breach simulation monitoring method shown in the above embodiments is implemented.

[0061] A portion of this invention can be applied as a computer program product, such as computer program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, can invoke or provide the methods and / or technical solutions according to the invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art will understand that the forms in which computer program instructions exist in a computer-readable medium include, but are not limited to, source files, executable files, installation package files, etc. Correspondingly, the ways in which computer program instructions are executed by a computer include, but are not limited to: the computer directly executing the instructions, or the computer compiling the instructions and then executing the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reading and executing the instructions, or the computer reading and installing the instructions and then executing the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium can be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium accessible to a computer.

[0062] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for simulating and monitoring the failure process of a landslide dam, characterized in that, The device includes: The river channel model is used to support the landslide dam model and provide a space for dam failure simulation. A water supply system, connected to the river model, is used to supply water to the river model; A landslide dam model is constructed within the river channel model, and surface markings are provided on the surface of the dam body of the landslide dam model; The camera monitoring system is used to acquire images of the dam surface marked with the surface markings, and to obtain displacement and strain field data of the dam surface based on digital image correlation. The acoustic emission monitoring system is used to collect and locate the stress wave signals emitted by the landslide dam model due to internal damage during the stress process, so as to monitor the damage information and evolution process inside the dam body.

2. The landslide dam breach simulation and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The river channel model has at least one of the following characteristics: The river model has a scalable structure for adjusting the river length; The river model is equipped with movable slots on both sides for adjusting the width of the river. The river model is equipped with a slope adjustment mechanism to adjust the river slope.

3. The landslide dam breach simulation and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The landslide dam model is constructed within the river channel model using a layered stacking method.

4. The landslide dam breach simulation and monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The surface markings are formed by spraying layer by layer during the layering process, and the surface markings include a white base layer and black speckles disposed on the white base layer.

5. The landslide dam breach simulation and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The video monitoring system includes at least two cameras and is equipped with supplementary lighting.

6. The landslide dam breach simulation and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The camera monitoring system is based on digital image correlation method. It obtains displacement field and strain field data by calculating the correlation coefficient of the dam surface images before and after deformation during the dam failure process.

7. The landslide dam breach simulation and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic emission monitoring system includes multiple acoustic emission probes, a signal amplifier, and an acoustic emission acquisition card connected in sequence, used to acquire and locate the spatial position of acoustic emission signals.

8. The landslide dam breach simulation monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The acoustic emission probe is attached to the side plate surface of the river channel model and is acoustically coupled to the landslide dam model.

9. The landslide dam breach simulation and monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic emission monitoring system identifies the development stage and precursor information of the landslide dam failure by analyzing the ring count, energy, and amplitude characteristic parameters of the stress wave signal; and uses the time difference positioning method to spatially locate the stress wave signal to determine the spatial location of the damage inside the dam.

10. A method for simulating and monitoring the failure process of a landslide dam, characterized in that, The simulation and monitoring of the landslide dam failure process using the landslide dam failure process simulation and monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: A landslide dam model is constructed within the river channel model, and surface markings are provided on the surface of the dam body of the landslide dam model; Water is supplied to the river model through a water supply system to simulate the process of a landslide dam failure. Images of the dam surface with the surface markings are acquired by a camera monitoring system, and displacement and strain field data of the dam surface are obtained based on digital image correlation. The acoustic emission monitoring system collects and locates stress wave signals emitted by the landslide dam model due to internal damage during the stress process, in order to monitor the damage information and evolution process inside the dam body.

Images