Dynamic negative pressure regulation and fluid diversion switching system and method for surgical suction

Abstract

The application discloses a dynamic negative pressure regulation and liquid diversion switching system and method for surgical suction, and the system comprises a suction pipeline assembly, a negative pressure generation assembly, a diversion switching assembly, an intraoperative state identification assembly and a control assembly. Signals output by the intraoperative state identification assembly are received, negative pressure parameters of the negative pressure generation assembly are dynamically adjusted based on a preset strategy, and the diversion switching assembly is synchronously controlled to complete switching of a liquid path, so that dynamic negative pressure regulation and liquid diversion switching are realized. The application can identify an intraoperative state and liquid properties in real time, automatically regulate negative pressure and a diversion path, reduce pollution risks and improve blood recovery efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of surgical blood management technology, specifically to a dynamic negative pressure control and fluid diversion switching system and method for surgical aspiration. Background Technology

[0002] In major surgical procedures, effective management of intraoperative bleeding is crucial for ensuring patient safety and improving prognosis. Autologous blood salvage technology allows for the treatment and reinfusion of blood from the surgical field, significantly reducing the risks associated with allogeneic transfusions and conserving blood resources. It has become a core method of modern surgical blood management.

[0003] However, integrating this technology into actual surgical procedures faces a fundamental challenge: the composition of the aspirated fluid generated throughout the surgery is complex and dynamically changing, containing both recyclable clean blood and contaminated fluids containing bacteria, tumor cells, bone cement, irrigation fluid, or infectious substances. Currently, clinicians generally rely on the surgeon or assistant to manually judge and switch the flow direction of the aspiration tubing (connecting to the recovery machine or waste container) based on experience. This model has significant drawbacks: ① High safety risk: Manual judgment is subjective and delayed; if contaminated fluid is mistakenly introduced into the recovery system, it may lead to catastrophic postoperative infections, tumor dissemination, and other complications. ② Low recovery efficiency: To avoid risks, surgeons often adopt conservative strategies, resulting in the direct waste of large amounts of valuable blood that could be recovered. ③ Heavy operational burden: During the intense surgical process, frequent manual switching increases the cognitive and operational workload of medical staff.

[0004] Therefore, current technologies lack an integrated system capable of identifying the properties of aspirated fluids in real time, automatically, and reliably, and intelligently controlling their diversion path and aspiration negative pressure accordingly. This severely restricts the full realization of the advantages of autologous blood recovery technology and the improvement of surgical safety boundaries. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic negative pressure control and fluid diversion switching system and method for surgical aspiration, which can realize the dynamic adjustment of intraoperative aspiration negative pressure and the automatic switching of aspiration fluid recovery path.

[0006] The technical solution provided in this application is as follows: In a first aspect, this application discloses a dynamic negative pressure control and fluid diversion switching system for surgical aspiration, comprising: The suction tubing assembly is used to establish a fluid delivery path from the surgical area to the diversion switching assembly, and receives negative pressure to directionally deliver the fluid from the surgical area to the diversion switching assembly; The negative pressure generating component is used to generate and output a dynamically adjustable and stable negative pressure to provide suction power for the suction pipeline assembly, and at the same time provide the negative pressure conditions required for liquid diversion for the diversion switching assembly. The diversion switching component is used to receive the liquid delivered by the suction tubing component and realize the path switching of the liquid between the first diversion channel and the second diversion channel. The first diversion channel is connected to the autologous blood recovery machine to deliver recyclable blood, and the second diversion channel is connected to the waste liquid collection container to deliver contaminated waste liquid. The intraoperative status recognition component is used to collect intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals in real time, and transmit the collected signals to the control component to provide a basis for decision-making for negative pressure regulation and diversion switching; The control component is communicatively connected to the negative pressure generating component, the diversion switching component, and the intraoperative status recognition component. It is used to receive the signal output by the intraoperative status recognition component, dynamically adjust the negative pressure parameters of the negative pressure generating component based on a preset strategy, and synchronously control the diversion switching component to complete the switching of the fluid path.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the aspiration tubing assembly includes an aspiration tube, a negative pressure connection interface, and an aspiration chamber; the aspiration tube is used to extend into the surgical area to collect fluid, the negative pressure connection interface is used to seal and connect with the negative pressure generating component to transmit negative pressure, and the aspiration chamber is used to temporarily store and guide the fluid to the diversion and switching component.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the negative pressure generating component includes an adjustable negative pressure pump, a negative pressure sensor, a negative pressure regulating valve, and a negative pressure stabilizing chamber; the adjustable negative pressure pump is used to generate negative pressure, the negative pressure sensor is used to collect negative pressure parameters in real time and feed them back to the control component, the negative pressure regulating valve is used to receive instructions from the control component to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure, and the negative pressure stabilizing chamber is used to maintain the stability of the system negative pressure.

[0009] The system implements the dynamic negative pressure regulation process as follows: the control component reads the intraoperative status signal; calls the corresponding negative pressure strategy parameters; dynamically adjusts the negative pressure pump and regulating valve to achieve the target negative pressure, and realizes multi-level negative pressure strategy switching; negative pressure sensor feedback closed-loop control.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the intraoperative status recognition component includes at least one of a surgical stage preset module, a surgical instrument signal interface module, a foot switch input module, and a voice control interface; the surgical stage preset module is used to output stage identification signals for skin incision, vascular treatment, tumor resection, and irrigation; the surgical instrument signal interface module is used to receive the working status signals of the surgical instruments; and the foot switch input module and the voice control interface are used to receive manual intervention command signals.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the intraoperative status recognition component further includes an aspirated fluid feature detection module; the detection module includes at least one of an optical sensor, a conductivity sensor, and a turbidity sensor; the optical sensor is used to acquire the optical absorption signal of the fluid hemoglobin, the conductivity sensor is used to acquire the fluid conductivity signal, and the turbidity sensor is used to acquire the fluid turbidity signal.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the diversion switching component includes an electrically controlled diversion valve, an anti-backflow isolation chamber, and a pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure; The electrically controlled diversion valve is used to receive commands from the control component and switch the flow direction of the liquid between the first diversion channel and the second diversion channel; the anti-backflow isolation chamber is used to prevent waste liquid or contaminated liquid from flowing back into the suction pipeline assembly, ensuring the safety of the surgical area and the recovery system; The backflow prevention isolation chamber includes a dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure and a one-way valve assembly; the dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure is used to provide two independent buffer chambers to block the backflow path of liquid, and the one-way valve assembly is used to limit the liquid to flow only in a single direction from aspiration to diversion, preventing waste liquid or contaminated liquid from flowing back to the surgical area or recovery system; The dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure includes a rapid isolation buffer chamber; the rapid isolation buffer chamber is the upstream chamber of the dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure, used to temporarily store the aspirated liquid and achieve rapid physical isolation between the negative pressure and the liquid flow path, and works with the one-way valve assembly to block the backflow path of contaminated liquid; The pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure includes interfaces of different specifications or shapes, used to distinguish between the first diversion channel and the second diversion channel, and to prevent contamination or mis-diversion of liquid caused by incorrect pipeline connection.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the control component includes a main control unit, a storage unit, and a communication interface module; the main control unit is used to receive signals, run preset strategies, and output control commands; the storage unit is used to store a multi-level negative pressure strategy parameter library and a liquid recovery strategy library; and the communication interface module is used to realize signal transmission and command interaction with each component.

[0014] The main control unit can be an MCU or an embedded processor.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the control component calculates a recovery confidence index based on intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals. : ; Wherein, B represents the optical absorption signal of hemoglobin; C represents the conductivity / resistivity signal; T represents the turbidity / particle density; S represents the surgical stage marker; H represents the bleeding rate or negative pressure gradient; and P represents the patient's physiological parameters. , , , , and This indicates a dynamic weight that can be adaptively adjusted based on the type of surgery. , , , , , This is a signal preprocessing function; The control component controls the diversion switching component according to the recovery reliability index: when the reliability index exceeds a preset threshold, the diversion valve is controlled to switch to the first diversion channel; otherwise, it is switched to the second diversion channel, thereby realizing the liquid diversion switching process.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a human-computer interaction component for displaying system status and allowing manual switching of the diversion mode, including: a touch screen, a manual switching button, and a status alarm module.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the control component is also configured with an automatic fault fallback mechanism; when the control component detects an abnormal state, it automatically controls the diversion switching component to switch to the second diversion channel and triggers an audible and visual alarm to prevent contaminated liquid from entering the autologous blood recovery machine.

[0018] The fault rollback mechanism adopts the default second diversion channel mode. In the default second diversion channel mode, the diversion switching component remains connected to the waste liquid collection container when the system is powered on or in failure, ensuring that the pumped liquid is introduced into the waste liquid collection container under any abnormal circumstances.

[0019] The anti-backflow isolation chamber, the pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure, and the automatic fault fallback mechanism together constitute a multi-layered safety and anti-contamination system to prevent contaminated liquid from entering the autologous blood recovery machine or flowing back to the surgical area.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a multi-channel independent negative pressure control module; the multi-channel independent negative pressure control module is communicatively connected to the negative pressure generating component and the control component, and is used to provide independently adjustable negative pressure parameters for multiple suction channels to achieve differentiated suction negative pressure control for different surgical areas or different surgical stages.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a surgical robot interface module; the surgical robot interface module is used to communicate with the surgical robot, receive the working status signal, instrument position signal or surgical stage identification signal of the surgical robot, and transmit the signal to the control component to provide auxiliary decision-making basis for negative pressure regulation and diversion switching.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the system further includes a recovery window prediction module based on image or AI algorithms; the recovery window prediction module is used to analyze the surgical area status, bleeding trend or fluid characteristics through image recognition or AI algorithms, predict the aspiration window of recoverable blood, and transmit the prediction results to the control component to assist the control component in adjusting the negative pressure parameters and switching the diversion path in advance.

[0023] Secondly, this application provides a method for dynamic negative pressure control and fluid diversion switching in surgical aspiration, utilizing the aforementioned system to achieve dynamic negative pressure control and blood recovery strategy switching in surgical aspiration, the method comprising: The intraoperative status recognition component collects intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals in real time and transmits them to the control component; The control component receives the signal output by the intraoperative status recognition component, dynamically adjusts the negative pressure parameters of the negative pressure generating component based on a preset strategy, and simultaneously controls the diversion switching component to complete the switching of the fluid path.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: Based on multi-sensor fusion recognition, dynamic negative pressure regulation, and intelligent diversion switching technology, the intraoperative negative pressure parameters are dynamically and adaptively adjusted according to the surgical stage and bleeding status; the aspirated fluid can be quickly and automatically switched between recovery and waste fluid paths based on the recovery reliability index; recyclable blood can be accurately identified, significantly improving the efficiency of autologous blood recovery; multiple safety mechanisms such as anti-backflow isolation and fault fallback are constructed to reduce the risk of aspirated fluid contamination; manual judgment and tubing switching operations are reduced, lowering the operational complexity for medical staff; and the safety, stability, and automation level of intraoperative blood management are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a system structure block diagram of one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solution of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this application discloses a dynamic negative pressure control and fluid diversion switching system for surgical aspiration, comprising: (1) Aspiration tubing assembly, used to establish a liquid delivery path from the surgical area to the diversion switching assembly, and to receive negative pressure to deliver the surgical area liquid to the diversion switching assembly in a directional manner.

[0028] In some embodiments, the aspiration tubing assembly includes an aspiration tube, a negative pressure connection interface, and an aspiration chamber; the aspiration tube is used to extend into the surgical area to collect fluid, the negative pressure connection interface is used to seal and connect with the negative pressure generating component to transmit negative pressure, and the aspiration chamber is used to temporarily store and guide the fluid to the diversion and switching component.

[0029] (2) Negative pressure generating component, used to generate and output a dynamically adjustable stable negative pressure to provide suction power for the suction pipeline component, and at the same time provide the negative pressure conditions required for liquid diversion for the diversion switching component.

[0030] In some embodiments, the negative pressure generating component includes an adjustable negative pressure pump, a negative pressure sensor, a negative pressure regulating valve, and a negative pressure stabilizing chamber; the adjustable negative pressure pump is used to generate negative pressure, the negative pressure sensor is used to collect negative pressure parameters in real time and feed them back to the control component, the negative pressure regulating valve is used to receive instructions from the control component to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure, and the negative pressure stabilizing chamber is used to maintain the stability of the system negative pressure.

[0031] The system implements the dynamic negative pressure regulation process as follows: the control component reads the intraoperative status signal; calls the corresponding negative pressure strategy parameters; dynamically adjusts the negative pressure pump and regulating valve to achieve the target negative pressure, and realizes multi-level negative pressure strategy switching; negative pressure sensor feedback closed-loop control.

[0032] (3) Diversion switching component, used to receive the liquid delivered by the suction pipeline component, realize the path switching of the liquid between the first diversion channel (first diversion channel) and the second diversion channel (second diversion channel), the first diversion channel is connected to the autologous blood recovery machine to deliver recyclable blood, and the second diversion channel is connected to the waste liquid collection container to deliver contaminated waste liquid.

[0033] In some embodiments, the diversion switching component includes an electrically controlled diversion valve, an anti-backflow isolation chamber, and a pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure; The electrically controlled diversion valve is used to receive commands from the control component and switch the flow direction of the liquid between the first diversion channel and the second diversion channel; the anti-backflow isolation chamber is used to prevent waste liquid or contaminated liquid from flowing back into the suction pipeline assembly, ensuring the safety of the surgical area and the recovery system; The backflow prevention isolation chamber includes a dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure and a one-way valve assembly; the dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure is used to provide two independent buffer chambers to block the backflow path of liquid, and the one-way valve assembly is used to limit the liquid to flow only in a single direction from aspiration to diversion, preventing waste liquid or contaminated liquid from flowing back to the surgical area or recovery system; The dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure includes a rapid isolation buffer chamber; the rapid isolation buffer chamber is the upstream chamber of the dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure, used to temporarily store the aspirated liquid and achieve rapid physical isolation between the negative pressure and the liquid flow path, and works with the one-way valve assembly to block the backflow path of contaminated liquid; The pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure includes interfaces of different specifications or shapes, used to distinguish between the first diversion channel and the second diversion channel, and to prevent contamination or mis-diversion of liquid caused by incorrect pipeline connection.

[0034] (4) Intraoperative status recognition component, used to collect intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals in real time, and transmit the collected signals to the control component to provide decision basis for negative pressure regulation and diversion switching.

[0035] In some embodiments, the intraoperative status recognition component includes at least one of a surgical stage preset module, a surgical instrument signal interface module, a foot switch input module, and a voice control interface; the surgical stage preset module is used to output stage identification signals for skin incision, vascular treatment, tumor resection, and irrigation; the surgical instrument signal interface module is used to receive the working status signals of the surgical instruments; and the foot switch input module and the voice control interface are used to receive manual intervention command signals.

[0036] In some embodiments, the intraoperative status recognition component further includes an aspirated fluid feature detection module; the detection module includes at least one of an optical sensor, a conductivity sensor, and a turbidity sensor; the optical sensor is used to acquire the optical absorption signal of the fluid hemoglobin, the conductivity sensor is used to acquire the fluid conductivity signal, and the turbidity sensor is used to acquire the fluid turbidity signal.

[0037] (5) Control component, which is connected to the negative pressure generating component, the diversion switching component and the intraoperative status recognition component respectively, to receive the signal output by the intraoperative status recognition component, dynamically adjust the negative pressure parameter of the negative pressure generating component based on the preset strategy, and synchronously control the diversion switching component to complete the switching of the liquid path.

[0038] In some embodiments, the control component includes a main control unit, a storage unit, and a communication interface module; the main control unit is used to receive signals, run preset strategies, and output control commands; the storage unit is used to store a multi-level negative pressure strategy parameter library and a liquid recovery strategy library; and the communication interface module is used to realize signal transmission and command interaction with each component.

[0039] The main control unit can be an MCU or an embedded processor.

[0040] In some embodiments, the control component calculates a recovery reliability index based on intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals. : ; Wherein, B represents the hemoglobin optical absorption signal (reflecting blood concentration); C represents the conductivity / resistivity signal (reflecting blood concentration); T represents turbidity / particle density (reflecting tissue debris content); S represents the surgical stage marker (e.g., 0=skin incision, 1=vascular treatment, 2=irrigation); H represents the bleeding rate or negative pressure gradient; and P represents the patient's physiological parameters (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, optional). , , , , and This indicates a dynamic weight that can be adaptively adjusted based on the type of surgery. , , , , , For signal preprocessing functions (such as normalization, filtering, and differentiation); The control component controls the diversion switching component according to the recovery reliability index: when the reliability index exceeds a preset threshold, the diversion valve is controlled to switch to the first diversion channel; otherwise, it is switched to the second diversion channel, thereby realizing the liquid diversion switching process.

[0041] The negative pressure generating component, the aspiration tubing component, and the diversion switching component are sequentially fluidly connected to form an aspiration-diversion flow path; the intraoperative status recognition component, the control component, the negative pressure generating component, and the diversion switching component form a closed-loop collaborative relationship of signal acquisition-decision-execution, jointly realizing the dynamic control of intraoperative aspiration negative pressure and the intelligent switching of aspiration fluid path.

[0042] In some embodiments, the system further includes a human-computer interaction component for displaying system status and allowing manual switching of the diversion mode, including: a touch screen, a manual switching button, and a status alarm module.

[0043] In some embodiments, the control component is also configured with an automatic fault fallback mechanism; when the control component detects an abnormal state (such as failure of any sensor, communication timeout, or abnormal parameters), it automatically controls the diversion switching component to switch to the second diversion channel and triggers an audible and visual alarm to prevent contaminated liquid from entering the autologous blood recovery machine.

[0044] The fault rollback mechanism adopts the default second diversion channel mode. In the default second diversion channel mode, the diversion switching component remains connected to the waste liquid collection container when the system is powered on or in failure, ensuring that the pumped liquid is introduced into the waste liquid collection container under any abnormal circumstances.

[0045] The anti-backflow isolation chamber, the pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure, and the automatic fault fallback mechanism together constitute a multi-layered safety and anti-contamination system to prevent contaminated liquid from entering the autologous blood recovery machine or flowing back to the surgical area.

[0046] In some embodiments, the system further includes a multi-channel independent negative pressure control module; the multi-channel independent negative pressure control module is communicatively connected to the negative pressure generating component and the control component, and is used to provide independently adjustable negative pressure parameters for multiple suction channels to achieve differentiated suction negative pressure control for different surgical areas or different surgical stages.

[0047] In some embodiments, the system further includes a surgical robot interface module; the surgical robot interface module is used to communicate with the surgical robot, receive the working status signal, instrument position signal or surgical stage identification signal of the surgical robot, and transmit the signal to the control component to provide auxiliary decision-making basis for negative pressure regulation and diversion switching.

[0048] In some embodiments, the system further includes a recovery window prediction module based on image or AI algorithms; the recovery window prediction module is used to analyze the surgical area status, bleeding trend or fluid characteristics through image recognition or AI algorithms, predict the aspiration window of recoverable blood, and transmit the prediction results to the control component to assist the control component in adjusting the negative pressure parameters and switching the diversion path in advance.

[0049] The application of the embodiments of this application will be described below in conjunction with specific scenarios.

[0050] Example 1: This embodiment uses a thoracic lobectomy surgery scenario as an example to illustrate the application process of the system in intraoperative aspiration, dynamic negative pressure control, and blood recovery strategy switching.

[0051] Before the surgery begins, the system is powered on and initialized. The diversion switching component is in the waste liquid channel connected state by default, the negative pressure generating component maintains the basic negative pressure, and the intraoperative status recognition component enters the real-time acquisition mode.

[0052] The system automatically switches between negative pressure and shunt strategies based on the preset surgical stage: Incision Stage: The intraoperative status recognition component identifies the current stage as the incision stage and outputs a corresponding stage identifier signal. The optical sensor detects low hemoglobin absorption, high conductivity, and high turbidity in the fluid, indicating the presence of tissue fluid, irrigation fluid, and tissue debris. The control component activates the "incision" negative pressure strategy, stabilizing the negative pressure at 100 mmHg. Simultaneously, it calculates the recovery reliability index (RCI). If the RCI value is below a preset threshold, the diversion valve keeps the waste fluid channel open, and the aspirated fluid is directly discharged into the waste fluid collection container.

[0053] During the hilar vascular treatment phase: The surgeon switches the surgical phase to vascular treatment mode via a foot switch. If sudden bleeding occurs in the surgical area at this time, the optical sensor detects a significant increase in hemoglobin absorption signal, while the conductivity signal returns to normal and the turbidity signal decreases; simultaneously, the negative pressure gradient increases. The control component calculates that the RCI exceeds the preset threshold and immediately executes two actions: first, it activates the "vascular treatment - high RCI" negative pressure strategy, dynamically increasing the negative pressure to 300 mmHg to ensure efficient aspiration; second, it controls the electronically controlled shunt valve to quickly switch to the first shunt channel, aspirating blood into the autologous blood recovery machine for processing and reinfusion. The dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure and the one-way valve assembly work together to quickly isolate the buffer chamber temporarily storing the fluid during the switching process, blocking the contaminated backflow path and ensuring the safety of the surgical area.

[0054] Tumor resection stage: The intraoperative status recognition component identifies the current stage as tumor resection. The program pre-defines this stage as a high-risk contamination stage, and the corresponding surgical stage indicator S is set to a low value. Even if a small amount of bleeding occurs during the operation, causing a temporary increase in hemoglobin signal, the RCI will not exceed the preset threshold due to the low value of the surgical stage indicator S. The system maintains waste fluid mode, and the diversion valve locks the waste fluid channel to prevent tumor cells from entering the recovery system and contaminating the recovered blood.

[0055] During the surgical area irrigation phase: A large amount of irrigation fluid enters the surgical area. The optical sensor detects low absorption signal of hemoglobin in the fluid, conductivity close to that of physiological saline, and low turbidity. The control component calculates that the RCI is below the preset threshold, and adopts a low negative pressure strategy of 80 mmHg. The diversion valve maintains the waste fluid channel, efficiently removing the irrigation fluid and preventing diluted blood from entering the recovery system.

[0056] During the procedure, if any sensor fails, communication malfunctions, or parameters exceed limits, the system automatically triggers a fault fallback mechanism, resetting the diversion valve to the waste liquid channel and issuing an audible and visual alarm, thus creating multiple safety safeguards.

[0057] Example 2: This embodiment uses a liver resection surgery scenario as an example to illustrate the application process of the system in this application in intraoperative aspiration, dynamic negative pressure control, and blood recovery strategy switching.

[0058] The liver parenchyma separation stage is often accompanied by significant bleeding and sudden massive hemorrhage, placing extremely high demands on aspiration efficiency and blood recovery safety. The system has a pre-set negative pressure strategy library for liver surgery: 150–200 mmHg during separation, 250–300 mmHg during massive hemorrhage, and 80 mmHg during irrigation. The intraoperative status recognition component identifies the surgical progress in real time through the pre-set surgical stage module and instrument signals; optical, conductivity, and turbidity sensors continuously collect fluid characteristics.

[0059] When bleeding occurs at the liver interface, the hemoglobin signal increases, the turbidity decreases, the RCI reaches the target, and the system automatically switches to the first shunt channel and increases the negative pressure. When massive bleeding occurs, the bleeding rate signal increases sharply, the system quickly increases the negative pressure and locks the recovery mode to recover autologous blood to the maximum extent.

[0060] If bile or contaminated tissue oozes from the liver section during surgery, the turbidity signal will significantly increase, and the RCI will decrease. The system will automatically switch back to the waste fluid channel to prevent contaminated blood from entering the recovery machine. The anti-backflow isolation chamber and the anti-misconnection interface structure of the tubing ensure the safety of the flow path throughout the procedure and avoid cross-contamination.

[0061] Example 3: This embodiment uses the surgical scenario of infective endocarditis as an example to illustrate the application process of the system in this application in intraoperative aspiration, dynamic negative pressure control and blood recovery strategy switching.

[0062] Surgery for infective endocarditis carries the risk of infection and contamination. The core requirements are: infected tissue must not be recycled during the debridement phase, while clean blood from the opening and closing of the chest, the establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass, and the withdrawal phases must be efficiently recycled.

[0063] The system has preset strategies specific to cardiac surgery: a forced waste fluid mode during vegetation removal and cardiac lavage; and a default recycling mode during chest opening / closing and cardiopulmonary bypass. The intraoperative status recognition component receives signals from the surgical robot interface or manual commands, updating the surgical stage markers in real time.

[0064] During the vegetation removal phase, even with minor bleeding, the RCI remains below the preset threshold because the corresponding surgical phase marker S is low. The system maintains the waste fluid channel to prevent infectious substances from entering the recovery system. During the chest opening and closing phase, when bleeding occurs, the hemoglobin signal is high and the turbidity is low, the RCI meets the standard, and the system automatically switches to the first shunt channel and matches it with medium to high negative pressure to efficiently recover autologous blood and reduce allogeneic blood transfusions.

[0065] The system employs multiple safety mechanisms throughout the entire process: dual-chamber negative pressure isolation, one-way valve to prevent backflow, automatic fault fallback, and interface to prevent misconnection, ensuring safe aspiration and blood recovery during high-risk infection surgeries.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A dynamic negative pressure control and fluid diversion switching system for surgical aspiration, characterized in that, include: The suction tubing assembly is used to establish a fluid delivery path from the surgical area to the diversion switching assembly, and receives negative pressure to directionally deliver the fluid from the surgical area to the diversion switching assembly; The negative pressure generating component is used to generate and output a dynamically adjustable and stable negative pressure to provide suction power for the suction pipeline assembly, and at the same time provide the negative pressure conditions required for liquid diversion for the diversion switching assembly. The diversion switching component is used to receive the liquid delivered by the suction tubing component and realize the path switching of the liquid between the first diversion channel and the second diversion channel. The first diversion channel is connected to the autologous blood recovery machine to deliver recyclable blood, and the second diversion channel is connected to the waste liquid collection container to deliver contaminated waste liquid. The intraoperative status recognition component is used to collect intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals in real time, and transmit the collected signals to the control component to provide a basis for decision-making for negative pressure regulation and diversion switching; The control component is communicatively connected to the negative pressure generating component, the diversion switching component, and the intraoperative status recognition component. It is used to receive the signal output by the intraoperative status recognition component, dynamically adjust the negative pressure parameters of the negative pressure generating component based on a preset strategy, and synchronously control the diversion switching component to complete the switching of the fluid path.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suction tubing assembly includes a suction tube, a negative pressure connection interface, and a suction chamber. The suction tube is used to insert into the surgical area to collect fluid. The negative pressure connection interface is used to seal and connect with the negative pressure generating component to transmit negative pressure. The suction chamber is used to temporarily store and guide the fluid to the diversion and switching component.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The negative pressure generating component includes an adjustable negative pressure pump, a negative pressure sensor, a negative pressure regulating valve, and a negative pressure stabilizing chamber. The adjustable negative pressure pump is used to generate negative pressure, the negative pressure sensor is used to collect negative pressure parameters in real time and feed them back to the control component, the negative pressure regulating valve is used to receive instructions from the control component to adjust the magnitude of the negative pressure, and the negative pressure stabilizing chamber is used to maintain the stability of the system's negative pressure.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intraoperative status recognition component includes at least one of a surgical stage preset module, a surgical instrument signal interface module, a foot switch input module, and a voice control interface; the surgical stage preset module is used to output stage identification signals for skin incision, vascular treatment, tumor resection, and irrigation; the surgical instrument signal interface module is used to receive the working status signals of the surgical instruments; and the foot switch input module and the voice control interface are used to receive manual intervention command signals.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intraoperative status recognition component further includes an aspirated fluid feature detection module; the detection module includes at least one of an optical sensor, a conductivity sensor, and a turbidity sensor; the optical sensor is used to collect the optical absorption signal of the fluid hemoglobin, the conductivity sensor is used to collect the fluid conductivity signal, and the turbidity sensor is used to collect the fluid turbidity signal.

6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion switching component includes an electrically controlled diversion valve, an anti-backflow isolation chamber, and a pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure; The electronically controlled diverter valve is used to receive commands from the control component and switch the flow direction of the liquid between the first diverter channel and the second diverter channel; The backflow prevention isolation chamber includes a dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure and a one-way valve assembly; the dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure is used to provide two independent buffer chambers to block the backflow path of liquid, and the one-way valve assembly is used to limit the liquid to flow only in a single direction from aspiration to diversion, preventing waste liquid or contaminated liquid from flowing back to the surgical area or recovery system; The dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure includes a rapid isolation buffer chamber; the rapid isolation buffer chamber is the upstream chamber of the dual-chamber negative pressure isolation structure, used to temporarily store the aspirated liquid and achieve rapid physical isolation between the negative pressure and the liquid flow path, and works with the one-way valve assembly to block the backflow path of contaminated liquid; The pipeline anti-misconnection interface structure includes interfaces of different specifications or shapes, used to distinguish between the first diversion channel and the second diversion channel, and to prevent contamination or mis-diversion of liquid caused by incorrect pipeline connection.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control component includes a main control unit, a storage unit, and a communication interface module. The main control unit is used to receive signals, run preset strategies, and output control commands. The storage unit is used to store a multi-level negative pressure strategy parameter library and a liquid recovery strategy library. The communication interface module is used to realize signal transmission and command interaction with each component.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control component calculates a recovery reliability index based on intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals. : ； Wherein, B represents the optical absorption signal of hemoglobin; C represents the conductivity / resistivity signal; T represents the turbidity / particle density; S represents the surgical stage marker; H represents the bleeding rate or negative pressure gradient; and P represents the patient's physiological parameters. , , , , and This indicates dynamic weighting, which is adaptively adjusted based on the type of surgery. , , , , , This is a signal preprocessing function; The control component controls the diversion switching component according to the recovery reliability index: when the reliability index exceeds a preset threshold, the diversion valve is controlled to switch to the first diversion channel; otherwise, it is switched to the second diversion channel, thereby realizing the liquid diversion switching process.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control component is also equipped with an automatic fault fallback mechanism; when the control component detects an abnormal state, it automatically controls the diversion switching component to switch to the second diversion channel and triggers an audible and visual alarm to prevent contaminated liquid from entering the autologous blood recovery machine.

10. A method for dynamic negative pressure control and fluid diversion switching for surgical aspiration, characterized in that, The method comprises: using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 9 to achieve dynamic negative pressure control and blood recovery strategy switching for surgical aspiration; The intraoperative status recognition component collects intraoperative status signals and aspirated fluid characteristic signals in real time and transmits them to the control component; The control component receives the signal output by the intraoperative status recognition component, dynamically adjusts the negative pressure parameters of the negative pressure generating component based on a preset strategy, and simultaneously controls the diversion switching component to complete the switching of the fluid path.

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