A petroleum cracking reaction apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses a petroleum cracking reaction equipment and relates to the technical field of petroleum cracking treatment. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment comprises a base, a lower reaction tank is fixedly installed on the inner ring of the base, a middle reaction tank is fixedly connected to the top of the lower reaction tank, an upper reaction tank is fixedly connected to the top end of the middle reaction tank, a feeding pipe is installed on the top of the upper reaction tank, a reactant discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lower reaction tank, a discharge pipe is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower reaction tank, and a partitioning and purging mechanism is installed in the middle reaction tank and the upper reaction tank. The partitioning and purging mechanism can realize the partitioning between the feeding pipe and the reaction tanks and the on-off regulation of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe through the cooperative control of the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve, can accurately control the feeding rhythm and can avoid the influence of the disordered flow of the reactants on the reaction effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of petroleum cracking technology, specifically to a petroleum cracking reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Petroleum cracking is the core process of secondary crude oil processing, mainly used to convert heavy oil into gasoline, diesel and chemical feedstocks. It is a key link in the petrochemical industry to achieve efficient utilization of crude oil and meet the market demand for light oil products. Among them, catalytic cracking has become one of the most widely used cracking technologies due to its advantages of mild reaction conditions and high product conversion rate. Its core working principle is to use the catalytic effect of hydrogenation catalysts to achieve the cracking reaction of heavy hydrocarbons under specific temperature and pressure conditions.

[0003] Existing petroleum cracking reactors lack precise electromagnetic valve control structures, making them prone to impurities entering during feeding and leaving residues inside. These residues can negatively impact the petroleum cracking reaction. Furthermore, the existing hydrogenation catalyst filling and unloading processes are cumbersome and involve batch processing. The hydrogenation catalyst inlet and outlet are also prone to blockage and are not standardized. Due to the lack of a loosening and anti-blocking structure at the outlet and the lack of a uniform spreading and cleaning structure at the inlet, problems such as agglomeration, blockage, and material spillage are likely to occur. In addition, the waste heat from the reaction in existing petroleum cracking reactors cannot be effectively recovered and is easily lost, resulting in wasted thermal energy and reduced environmental benefits.

[0004] Based on this, a petroleum cracking reaction device is now provided, which can eliminate the drawbacks of existing devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a petroleum cracking reaction device to solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A petroleum cracking reactor includes a base, a lower reaction tank fixedly installed on the inner ring of the base, a middle reaction tank fixedly connected to the top of the lower reaction tank, an upper reaction tank fixedly connected to the top of the middle reaction tank, a feed pipe installed on the top of the upper reaction tank, a distribution plate fixedly installed inside the upper reaction tank, an outlet collector fixedly installed inside the lower reaction tank, a reactant discharge pipe fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower reaction tank, unloading pipes symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower reaction tank, and a baffle purging mechanism installed inside the middle and upper reaction tanks. Catalyst support plates are fixedly installed inside the top of the intermediate reaction tank and the bottom of the upper reaction tank. Protective shells are fixedly installed on the outer rings of the intermediate reaction tank and the upper reaction tank. A station switching mechanism is provided inside the protective shell. A lifting and discharging mechanism is installed inside the front end of the protective shell; An anti-clogging feeding mechanism is installed at the left end of the protective shell; A heat circulation mechanism is installed between the upper reaction tank and the anti-clogging feeding mechanism.

[0007] As a further aspect of the present invention: the isolation purging mechanism includes a first solenoid valve fixedly installed on the feed pipe, a second solenoid valve installed between the lower reaction tank and the middle reaction tank, an air inlet pipe installed at the top of the upper reaction tank, an air outlet pipe installed at the bottom of the middle reaction tank, and a third solenoid valve installed on both the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the workstation switching mechanism includes a positioning shell fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the protective housing. A drive gear and a driven gear are rotatably installed inside the positioning shell. The drive gear and the driven gear are meshed and connected. A servo motor is connected to the bottom end of the drive gear. The servo motor is fixedly connected to the positioning shell. A linkage rod is fixedly passed through the middle of the driven gear. The linkage rod is rotatably connected to the protective housing.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the workstation switching mechanism further includes a linkage seat fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the linkage rod, and a catalyst limiting frame is installed at equal angles on the outer ring of the linkage seat. The catalyst limiting frame is provided in three sets. The linkage rod drives the linkage seat to rotate inside the protective shell and connect with the intermediate reaction tank, the lifting and discharging mechanism and the anti-blocking feeding mechanism.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the lifting and discharging mechanism includes a support base fixedly installed on the top front surface of the protective shell, a discharge hopper fixedly installed on the bottom front surface of the protective shell, the discharge hopper corresponding to the support base, and a discharge pipe fixedly installed at the bottom of the discharge hopper.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the lifting and discharging mechanism further includes a connecting rod that moves through the center of the support base. The bottom end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a lifting plate. The bottom surface of the lifting plate is evenly distributed with tapered rods. The top end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to a first motor. The bottom surface of the first motor is equipped with a first connecting frame. The top end of the first connecting frame is connected to a first hydraulic cylinder. The first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top surface of the support base.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention: the anti-clogging feeding mechanism includes a protective cover fixedly installed on the top left side of the protective housing, a storage tank fixedly connected to the top of the protective cover, a connecting pipe installed on the top of the storage tank, a second hydraulic cylinder fixedly installed on the top surface of the storage tank, a second connecting frame fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder, a second motor fixedly installed at the bottom of the second connecting frame, a transmission rod fixedly connected to the shaft of the second motor, the transmission rod being movably connected through the top of the storage tank, and a material spreading plate being installed at an equal angle at the bottom end of the transmission rod.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention: the anti-clogging feeding mechanism further includes an auger shaft slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the transmission rod, with support shaft seats rotatably connected to the upper and lower ends of the auger shaft, the support shaft seats being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the protective cover, a sleeve seat slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the transmission rod, a crossbar being fixedly installed at equal angles on the outer ring of the sleeve seat, a rotating ring being fixedly connected to the outer ring of the crossbar, the rotating ring being rotatably connected to the inner wall of the storage tank, and a vertical rod being fixedly installed in the middle of the crossbar.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention: the heat circulation mechanism includes a heat-conducting plate fitted and installed on the outer ring of the upper reaction tank and the storage tank. A heat insulation shell is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the heat-conducting plate. A first heat exchange tube is embedded inside the heat-conducting plate on the outer ring of the storage tank. A second heat exchange tube is embedded inside the heat-conducting plate on the outer ring of the upper reaction tank. The liquid inlet end of the second heat exchange tube is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet end of the first heat exchange tube. A storage tank is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet end of the first heat exchange tube. A filling port is installed on the top of the storage tank. A water pump is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet end of the second heat exchange tube. The liquid outlet end of the water pump is fixedly connected to the storage tank. An exhaust valve is installed on the top of the storage tank.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In this invention, the isolation and purging mechanism, through the coordinated control of the first, second, and third solenoid valves, can realize the isolation between the feed pipe and each reaction vessel, as well as the on / off control of the inlet and outlet pipes. It can precisely control the feed rhythm and avoid the disorderly flow of reactants affecting the reaction effect. By introducing nitrogen gas through the inlet pipe as the purging medium and discharging waste gas through the outlet pipe, the inside of the reaction vessel can be effectively purged, removing residual reactants and impurities inside the vessel and preventing the accumulation of residual substances from affecting subsequent reactions.

[0016] In this invention, the workstation switching mechanism is driven by a servo motor and gear transmission to rotate the linkage rod and linkage seat, thereby enabling the catalyst limiting frame to connect with each component. This allows for multi-station circulation of the hydrogenation catalyst, enabling rapid replacement of the hydrogenation catalyst, reducing the labor intensity of replacement for batch processing of hydrogenation catalyst, and improving efficiency.

[0017] 3. In this invention, the lifting and discharging mechanism drives the relevant components to lift and lower through the first hydraulic cylinder, thereby moving and rotating the lifting plate and the cone rod. It works in conjunction with the discharge hopper and discharge pipe to complete the crushing and discharge of the hydrogenation catalyst. The cone rod can loosen the hydrogenation catalyst to prevent agglomeration and blockage, ensuring smooth discharge. The corresponding setting of the support base and the discharge hopper ensures stable and standardized discharge, reducing waste and pollution from material spillage. 4. In this invention, the anti-clogging feeding mechanism is driven by a second motor to rotate the transmission rod, which drives the various components to work together, effectively solving the problem of clogging in the hydrogenation catalyst feed. The spreading plate prevents the hydrogenation catalyst from accumulating locally, the auger shaft prevents the feed channel from being blocked, and the horizontal bar, vertical bar and rotating ring agitate the hydrogenation catalyst to prevent agglomeration. The second hydraulic cylinder can adjust the spreading height to match the filling height of the hydrogenation catalyst, improve feeding efficiency and uniformity, and ensure a stable supply of hydrogenation catalyst.

[0018] 5. In this invention, the heat circulation mechanism transfers the reaction heat from the upper reaction vessel to the storage tank through a heat-conducting plate. A circulation loop is formed using heat exchange tubes, a storage tank, and a water pump to achieve heat recovery and reuse, reduce waste, and lower energy consumption. The storage tank absorbs residual heat to preheat the hydrogenation catalyst, enhance its activity, accelerate the reaction rate, and improve efficiency. The heat insulation shell reduces heat loss and ensures stable circulation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a side cross-sectional schematic diagram of the lower reaction vessel, middle reaction vessel, and upper reaction vessel of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side section structure of the positioning shell of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the servo motor distribution structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the driving gear and driven gear transmission structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of the support base and discharge hopper of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cone rod distribution structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a side sectional view of the protective cover and storage tank of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the material spreading plate and the auger shaft of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure of the heat insulation shell of the present invention.

[0029] The components include: 1. Base; 2. Lower reaction vessel; 3. Middle reaction vessel; 4. Upper reaction vessel; 5. Feed pipe; 6. Distribution plate; 7. Outlet collector; 8. Reactant discharge pipe; 9. Discharge pipe; 10. First solenoid valve; 11. Second solenoid valve; 12. Inlet pipe; 13. Outlet pipe; 14. Third solenoid valve; 15. Catalyst support plate; 16. Protective shell; 17. Positioning shell; 18. Drive gear; 19. Driven gear; 20. Servo motor; 21. Linkage rod; 22. Linkage seat; 23. Catalyst limiting frame; 24. Support seat; 25. Discharge hopper; 26. Discharge pipe; 27. 28. Connecting rod; 29. ​​Lifting plate; 30. Conical rod; 31. First motor; 32. First connecting frame; 33. First hydraulic cylinder; 34. Protective cover; 35. Storage tank; 36. Connecting pipe; 37. Second hydraulic cylinder; 38. Second connecting frame; 39. Second motor; 40. Transmission rod; 41. Material spreading plate; 42. Screw shaft; 43. Support shaft seat; 44. Sleeve seat; 45. Horizontal bar; 46. Rotating ring; 47. Vertical bar; 48. Heat-conducting plate; 49. Heat insulation shell; 50. First heat exchange tube; 51. Second heat exchange tube; 52. Storage tank; 53. Injection port; 54. Water pump; 55. Exhaust valve. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] Please see Figures 1-10 In this embodiment of the invention, a petroleum cracking reaction apparatus includes a base 1, a lower reaction tank 2 fixedly installed on the inner ring of the base 1, a middle reaction tank 3 fixedly connected to the top of the lower reaction tank 2, an upper reaction tank 4 fixedly connected to the top of the middle reaction tank 3, a feed pipe 5 installed on the top of the upper reaction tank 4, a distribution plate 6 fixedly installed inside the upper reaction tank 4, an outlet collector 7 fixedly installed inside the lower reaction tank 2, a reactant discharge pipe 8 fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower reaction tank 2, and unloading pipes 9 symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower reaction tank 2. The aforementioned isolation and purging mechanism, through each component... The system works in concert to isolate and efficiently purge the reaction system, ensuring the orderly and stable progress of the cracking reaction. The base 1 provides stable support, while the lower reaction tank 2, middle reaction tank 3, and upper reaction tank 4 form the reaction space. The feed pipe 5 stably supplies reactants, and the distribution plate 6 evenly disperses the reactants to ensure full contact with the hydrogenation catalyst. The outlet collector 7 collects the products and performs filtration, the reactant discharge pipe 8 discharges the products in a standardized manner, and the discharge pipe 9 discharges waste and depleted catalyst, ensuring the cleanliness of the tank. The overall structure is compact and reasonable, improving the reliability of the equipment and the practicality of the process.

[0032] The middle reaction tank 3 and the upper reaction tank 4 are equipped with a purging mechanism. The purging mechanism includes a first solenoid valve 10 fixedly installed on the feed pipe 5, a second solenoid valve 11 installed between the lower reaction tank 2 and the middle reaction tank 3, an inlet pipe 12 installed at the top of the upper reaction tank 4, and an outlet pipe 13 installed at the bottom of the middle reaction tank 3. A third solenoid valve 14 is installed on both the inlet pipe 12 and the outlet pipe 13. The first solenoid valve 10 controls the opening and closing of the feed pipe 5 to regulate the feeding rhythm. The second solenoid valve 11 isolates the lower reaction tank 2 from the middle reaction tank 3 and regulates the discharge rhythm. When the first solenoid valve 10 and the second solenoid valve 11 at both ends are closed, the inlet pipe 12 is used to introduce nitrogen as a purging medium, and the outlet pipe 13 discharges purging exhaust gas. The third solenoid valve 14 controls the opening and closing of the inlet pipe 12 and the outlet pipe 13 to ensure that the purging process is controllable, while removing residual materials and impurities in the tank to avoid affecting subsequent reactions.

[0033] Catalyst support plates 15 are fixedly installed inside the top of the intermediate reaction tank 3 and the bottom of the upper reaction tank 4. Protective shells 16 are fixedly installed around the outer rings of the intermediate reaction tank 3 and the upper reaction tank 4. A station switching mechanism is provided inside the protective shell 16. The station switching mechanism includes a positioning shell 17 fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the protective shell 16. A drive gear 18 and a driven gear 19 are rotatably installed inside the positioning shell 17, meshing with each other. A servo motor 20 is connected to the bottom of the drive gear 18, and the servo motor 20 is fixedly connected to the positioning shell 17. A linkage rod 21 is fixedly passed through the middle of the driven gear 19, and the linkage rod 21 is rotatably connected through the protective shell 16. The station switching mechanism also includes a linkage seat 22 fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the linkage rod 21. Catalyst limiting frames 23 are installed at equal angles on the outer ring of the linkage seat 22. Three sets of catalyst limiting frames 23 are provided. The linkage 21 drives the linkage seat 22 to rotate inside the protective shell 16 and connect with the intermediate reaction tank 3, the lifting and discharging mechanism, and the anti-clogging feeding mechanism. The above structure realizes the stable support, protection, and efficient switching of the hydrogenation catalyst, reducing the operating intensity and improving efficiency. The catalyst support plate 15 stably supports the hydrogenation catalyst, the protective shell 16 protects related components and avoids external interference. The station switching mechanism is driven by the servo motor 20 to mesh with the drive gear 18 and the driven gear 19. The positioning shell 17 ensures stable installation. The linkage 21 drives the linkage seat 22 and the three sets of catalyst limiting frames 23 to rotate, realize the connection with the intermediate reaction tank 3 and related mechanisms, complete the multi-station circulation and unloading of the hydrogenation catalyst, and improve the convenience of loading and unloading the hydrogenation catalyst. The top of the intermediate reaction tank 3 and the bottom of the upper reaction tank 4 are provided with sealing structures, which can achieve gap sealing when docking with the catalyst limiting frame 23.

[0034] A lifting and discharging mechanism is installed inside the front end of the protective housing 16. The lifting and discharging mechanism includes a support base 24 fixedly installed on the top surface of the front end of the protective housing 16, and a discharge hopper 25 fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the front end of the protective housing 16. The discharge hopper 25 corresponds to the support base 24, and a discharge pipe 26 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the discharge hopper 25. The lifting and discharging mechanism also includes a connecting rod 27 that movably passes through the center of the support base 24. A lifting plate 28 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the connecting rod 27. Conical rods 29 are evenly distributed on the bottom surface of the lifting plate 28. A first motor 30 is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting rod 27, and a first connecting rod is installed on the bottom surface of the first motor 30. The first connecting frame 31 is connected to the top of the first hydraulic cylinder 32, which is fixedly connected to the top surface of the support base 24. The above-mentioned lifting and discharging mechanism realizes the smooth and standardized discharge of hydrogenation catalyst, avoids blockage and material waste, and improves the discharge efficiency. The support base 24 provides installation support for the mechanism. The discharge hopper 25 corresponds to the support base 24 and works with the discharge pipe 26 to realize the standardized discharge of materials. The first hydraulic cylinder 32 drives the first motor 30 and the connecting rod 27 to lift and lower through the first connecting frame 31. The connecting rod 27 drives the lifting plate 28 and the bottom cone rod 29 to move, loosening the hydrogenation catalyst to prevent agglomeration and blockage, and ensuring smooth discharge.

[0035] An anti-clogging feeding mechanism is installed at the left end of the protective housing 16. The anti-clogging feeding mechanism includes a protective cover 33 fixedly installed on the top surface of the left end of the protective housing 16. A storage tank 34 is fixedly connected to the top of the protective cover 33. A connecting pipe 35 is installed on the top of the storage tank 34. A second hydraulic cylinder 36 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the storage tank 34. A second connecting frame 37 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder 36. A second motor 38 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the second connecting frame 37. A transmission rod 39 is fixedly connected to the shaft of the second motor 38. The transmission rod 39 is movably connected to the top of the storage tank 34. A material spreading plate 40 is installed at an equal angle at the bottom end of the transmission rod 39. The anti-clogging feeding mechanism also includes an auger shaft 41 slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the transmission rod 39. A support shaft seat 42 is rotatably connected to the upper and lower ends of the auger shaft 41. The support shaft seat 42 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the protective cover 33. The outer ring of the transmission rod 39 is also slidably sleeved on... A sleeve 43 is provided, and a crossbar 44 is fixedly installed at equal angles on the outer ring of the sleeve 43. A rotating ring 45 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the crossbar 44. The rotating ring 45 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the storage tank 34. A vertical rod 46 is fixedly installed in the middle of the crossbar 44. The above-mentioned anti-clogging feeding mechanism can realize stable and uniform feeding of hydrogenation catalyst, effectively avoid clogging, ensure smooth feeding, and provide a stable supply of hydrogenation catalyst for the reaction. The protective cover 33 plays a protective role. The storage tank 34 is used to store hydrogenation catalyst. The connecting pipe 35 ensures the feeding channel. The second hydraulic cylinder 36 works with the second connecting frame 37 to adjust the position of feeding-related components. The second motor 38 drives the transmission rod 39 to rotate, driving the spreading plate 40 and the auger shaft 41 to operate. The support shaft seat 42 ensures the stability of the auger shaft 41. The sleeve 43, crossbar 44, rotating ring 45 and vertical rod 46 work together to disperse the hydrogenation catalyst to avoid material accumulation and improve the uniformity of feeding.

[0036] A heat circulation mechanism is installed between the upper reaction tank 4 and the anti-clogging feeding mechanism. The heat circulation mechanism includes a heat-conducting plate 47 fitted to the outer ring of the upper reaction tank 4 and the storage tank 34. A heat insulation shell 48 is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the heat-conducting plate 47. A first heat exchange tube 49 is embedded inside the heat-conducting plate 47 on the outer ring of the storage tank 34. A second heat exchange tube 50 is embedded inside the heat-conducting plate 47 on the outer ring of the upper reaction tank 4. The liquid inlet end of the second heat exchange tube 50 is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet end of the first heat exchange tube 49. A storage tank 51 is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet end of the first heat exchange tube 49. A filling port 52 is installed on the top of the storage tank 51. A water pump 53 is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet end of the second heat exchange tube 50. The liquid outlet end of the water pump 53 is connected to the storage tank. The storage tank 34 is fixedly connected to the top of the storage tank 34 and is equipped with an exhaust valve 54. The above-mentioned heat circulation mechanism can realize the efficient recovery and recycling of reaction heat, reduce energy waste, and at the same time ensure the temperature adaptability of the hydrogenation catalyst feed, improve the overall production efficiency and stability. The heat-conducting plate 47 is attached to transfer heat, the heat insulation shell 48 reduces heat loss, the first heat exchange tube 49 and the second heat exchange tube 50 work together to achieve heat transfer, the storage tank 51 and the injection port 52 ensure a stable supply of heat exchange medium, the water pump 53 drives the heat exchange medium to circulate, and the exhaust valve 54 facilitates the removal of water vapor after baking. The coordinated action of each component not only realizes the rational utilization of heat, but also provides temperature protection for the smooth progress of the reaction.

[0037] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When the petroleum cracking reaction equipment is working, the base 1 provides stable support. The reactants are fed in through the feed pipe 5 at the top of the upper reaction tank 4. The first solenoid valve 10 controls the feed flow. After the reactants enter the upper reaction tank 4, they are evenly dispersed by the distribution plate 6 and fully contact the hydrogenation catalyst on the catalyst support plate 15. Then the reactants enter the middle reaction tank 3. The second solenoid valve 11 controls the connection and disconnection between the middle reaction tank 3 and the lower reaction tank 2. The reaction waste and the depleted catalyst are discharged through the discharge pipe 9, while the reaction products are filtered by the outlet collector 7 in the lower reaction tank 2 and discharged through the reactant discharge pipe 8. The protective outer shell 16 protects the internal components. Its internal station switching mechanism is driven by a servo motor 20, which engages the drive gear 18 and driven gear 19, causing the linkage rod 21, linkage seat 22, and three sets of catalyst limiting frames 23 to rotate, achieving docking with relevant mechanisms. A sealing structure ensures a tight connection. When the hydrogenation catalyst needs replacement, the station switching mechanism rotates the catalyst limiting frame 23 into the lifting and discharging mechanism. Then, the first hydraulic cylinder 32 drives the lifting plate 28 and cone rod 29 to move, loosening the hydrogenation catalyst before it passes through the discharge hopper 25 and the discharge outlet. The material pipe 26 is discharged, and then the station switching mechanism drives the catalyst limiting frame 23 to rotate into the anti-clogging feeding mechanism. The storage tank 34 stores the hydrogenation catalyst. The second motor 38 drives the transmission rod 39 to rotate the spreading plate 40, the auger shaft 41 and the sleeve 43, the crossbar 44 and other components to prevent the hydrogenation catalyst from accumulating and clogging, and to achieve uniform feeding. When the hydrogenation catalyst enters the catalyst limiting frame 23, the second hydraulic cylinder 36 is used to lift the transmission rod 39 and the spreading plate 40 to spread the hydrogenation catalyst layer by layer to complete the filling. The heat transfer plate 47 transfers the heat of the reaction. The first heat exchange tube 49, the second heat exchange tube 50, the storage tank 51 and the water pump 53 realize the heat recycling. The exhaust valve 54 discharges water vapor. During purging, the first solenoid valve 10 and the second solenoid valve 11 are closed. Nitrogen gas is introduced through the air inlet pipe 12. The third solenoid valve 14 controls the on and off. The exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 13 to ensure the subsequent reaction. The whole system works together to achieve stable cracking reaction.

[0038] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A petroleum cracking reaction apparatus, comprising a base (1), a lower reaction tank (2) fixedly installed on the inner ring of the base (1), a middle reaction tank (3) fixedly connected to the top of the lower reaction tank (2), an upper reaction tank (4) fixedly connected to the top of the middle reaction tank (3), a feed pipe (5) installed on the top of the upper reaction tank (4), a distribution plate (6) fixedly installed inside the upper reaction tank (4), an outlet collector (7) fixedly installed inside the lower reaction tank (2), a reactant discharge pipe (8) fixedly connected to the bottom of the lower reaction tank (2), and discharge pipes (9) symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower reaction tank (2), characterized in that, The middle reaction tank (3) and the upper reaction tank (4) are equipped with a partition purging mechanism; Catalyst support plates (15) are fixedly installed inside the top of the middle reaction tank (3) and the bottom of the upper reaction tank (4). Protective shells (16) are fixedly installed on the outer ring of the middle reaction tank (3) and the upper reaction tank (4). A station switching mechanism is provided inside the protective shell (16). The protective shell (16) is equipped with a lifting and discharging mechanism inside its front end; An anti-clogging feeding mechanism is installed at the left end of the protective shell (16); A heat circulation mechanism is installed between the upper reaction tank (4) and the anti-clogging feeding mechanism.

2. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation purging mechanism includes a first solenoid valve (10) fixedly installed on the feed pipe (5), a second solenoid valve (11) installed between the lower reaction tank (2) and the middle reaction tank (3), an air inlet pipe (12) installed on the top of the upper reaction tank (4), an air outlet pipe (13) installed on the bottom of the middle reaction tank (3), and a third solenoid valve (14) installed on both the air inlet pipe (12) and the air outlet pipe (13).

3. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workstation switching mechanism includes a positioning shell (17) fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the protective shell (16). A drive gear (18) and a driven gear (19) are rotatably installed inside the positioning shell (17). The drive gear (18) and the driven gear (19) are meshed together. A servo motor (20) is connected to the bottom end of the drive gear (18). The servo motor (20) is fixedly connected to the positioning shell (17). A linkage rod (21) is fixedly passed through the middle of the driven gear (19). The linkage rod (21) is rotatably connected to the protective shell (16).

4. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The workstation switching mechanism also includes a linkage seat (22) fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the linkage rod (21). The outer ring of the linkage seat (22) is equipped with a catalyst limiting frame (23) at equal angles. The catalyst limiting frame (23) is provided in three sets. The linkage rod (21) drives the linkage seat (22) to rotate inside the protective shell (16) and connect with the intermediate reaction tank (3), the lifting and discharging mechanism and the anti-blocking feeding mechanism.

5. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting and discharging mechanism includes a support base (24) fixedly installed on the top front surface of the protective shell (16), a discharge hopper (25) fixedly installed on the bottom front surface of the protective shell (16), the discharge hopper (25) corresponding to the support base (24), and a discharge pipe (26) fixedly installed at the bottom of the discharge hopper (25).

6. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lifting and discharging mechanism also includes a connecting rod (27) that moves through the center of the support base (24). The bottom end of the connecting rod (27) is fixedly connected to a lifting plate (28). The bottom surface of the lifting plate (28) is evenly distributed with tapered rods (29). The top end of the connecting rod (27) is fixedly connected to a first motor (30). The bottom surface of the first motor (30) is equipped with a first connecting frame (31). The top end of the first connecting frame (31) is connected to a first hydraulic cylinder (32). The first hydraulic cylinder (32) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the support base (24).

7. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-clogging feeding mechanism includes a protective cover (33) fixedly installed on the top left side of the protective shell (16). A storage tank (34) is fixedly connected to the top of the protective cover (33). A connecting pipe (35) is installed on the top of the storage tank (34). A second hydraulic cylinder (36) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the storage tank (34). A second connecting frame (37) is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second hydraulic cylinder (36). A second motor (38) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the second connecting frame (37). A transmission rod (39) is fixedly connected to the shaft of the second motor (38). The transmission rod (39) is movably connected to the top of the storage tank (34). A material spreading plate (40) is installed at the bottom of the transmission rod (39) at an equal angle.

8. A petroleum cracking reaction apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The anti-clogging feeding mechanism also includes an auger shaft (41) that is slidably sleeved on the outer ring of the transmission rod (39). The upper and lower ends of the auger shaft (41) are rotatably connected to a support shaft seat (42). The support shaft seat (42) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the top of the protective cover (33). The outer ring of the transmission rod (39) is also slidably sleeved with a sleeve seat (43). A crossbar (44) is fixedly installed at equal angles on the outer ring of the sleeve seat (43). A rotating ring (45) is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the crossbar (44). The rotating ring (45) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the storage tank (34). A vertical rod (46) is fixedly installed in the middle of the crossbar (44).

9. A petroleum cracking reaction apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat circulation mechanism includes a heat-conducting plate (47) fitted to the outer ring of the upper reaction tank (4) and the storage tank (34). A heat insulation shell (48) is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the heat-conducting plate (47). A first heat exchange tube (49) is embedded inside the heat-conducting plate (47) on the outer ring of the storage tank (34). A second heat exchange tube (50) is embedded inside the heat-conducting plate (47) on the outer ring of the upper reaction tank (4). The liquid inlet end of the second heat exchange tube (50) and the liquid outlet end of the first heat exchange tube (49) are fixedly connected. A storage tank (51) is fixedly connected to the liquid inlet end of the first heat exchange tube (49). A filling port (52) is installed on the top of the storage tank (51). A water pump (53) is fixedly connected to the liquid outlet end of the second heat exchange tube (50). The liquid outlet end of the water pump (53) is fixedly connected to the storage tank (51). An exhaust valve (54) is installed on the top of the storage tank (34).

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